"Dry" the rooms: how to get rid of dampness in the apartment. What to do if the apartment has high humidity

Any smell evokes certain feelings: the smell of hot baking awakens appetite, the smell of perfume creates pleasant associations, the smell of gasoline is associated with cars. And what is associated with the smell of dampness, often referred to as the smell of humidity? As a rule, with nothing good: if a musty damp smell appears in the apartment, then it causes nothing but discomfort. Why it appears and how to remove the smell of dampness in a house, apartment or room, what causes it and how it can be influenced - now we'll figure it out.

The main causes of the smell of damp:

basements with outdated utilities;
old housing stock(cracks in the walls);
flooded neighbors;
leaking roof, attic;
non-working ventilation.

If the water pipes in the basements do not change for a long time, and, as a rule, they do, then the steam they create passes through cracks in the walls, enters the apartments and settles on the walls in the form of condensate. But this reason is more suitable for the first floors of houses, since, as a rule, condensate from pipes in basements does not go higher.

With the upper floors of the building, there may be the same problem, only the cause here will be cracks in the roofs, and, accordingly, the flow through them. Damp attics let condensate into the apartments - and they smell of dampness.

On the middle floors of the building, the problem of musty smell appears due to cracks in the walls and the divergence of the seams between the slabs - rain and snow pass into these cracks and thus bring the smell of dampness into the premises.

One of the most common causes the appearance of the smell of dampness are negligent neighbors who accidentally flooded you and your apartment. How longer water dripping from above, the greater the likelihood of a long-term damp smell. Drying the entire apartment after this event is a rather difficult and time-consuming process. But in summer this situation is not so terrible, in contrast to the cold period of the year. If the house is weak or does not work at all, the smell of dampness will also spread to all apartments much faster and more intensely, since the natural course of air flow is disturbed, humidity rises, mold and fungus appear, and the apartment or house smells of dampness.

As a result, the aroma of the freshness of washed things, the smells of freshly prepared dishes or new furniture - all these wonderful little things in life can be overshadowed by dampness, because if a damp smell appears in the house, it will spread quickly throughout the room, penetrate into the cabinets, which means - all things in chests of drawers will smell bad. In addition, the smell of dampness contributes to frequent colds, joint problems, chronic bronchitis and other diseases. How to remove the smell of dampness, what methods exist and how to apply them? Let's understand further.

Everyone who is faced with the problem of an unpleasant odor from things and in the house is wondering: how to get rid of the musty smell. The very first and logical solution is to eliminate the cause of the smell of dampness in the apartment. Identify the cause, carry out preventive measures: change or repair the pipes in the basement, patch the cracks in the roofs, check the attic, plaster the walls in the places where the seams depart, close the cracks with building foam, check all ventilation, call special services to repair and clean it in case of a malfunction.

If all measures are taken and the main causes are checked, let's move on to prevention: here, frequent is the most basic remedy. periodic flows fresh air prevent damp smell. If a lack of free time or a lack of desire prevent you from arranging regular airing on a schedule, you can install one that will automatically and timely supply fresh air to the room without your participation, maintaining a healthy microclimate.

If all these ventilations do not help much, it is worth checking the surfaces for the presence of mold fungus. If he did not immediately catch the eye, then he is hiding in the corners of the walls, under the wallpaper or in places inaccessible to the eye. What will help him fight? Now there are many varieties of fungus, and in addition, there are smart folk remedies: bleach, ammonia, borax, baking soda, hydrogen peroxide, vinegar - based on the same chemistry. However, no matter what remedy you choose, just treat the places where the fungus is found and get a clean surface and destroyed the source of the smell of dampness. But let's dwell on folk remedies in a little more detail.

How else can you remove the smell of dampness in a house, room or apartment? cannot be written off and folk methods fight. Discarding the most dense and delusional, among the "grandmother's recipes" you can find tools based on scientific laws and quite effective.

The most popular of these is a mixture of salt and ground activated carbon. These ingredients are known to absorb moisture well, and along with it, odor. You can pour the mixture into a decorative vase and make it part of the interior. You will have to change the contents about once a week. However, in this case, the folk mixture can be replaced with modern silk gel, if you do not want to mess with vases and salt. The absorbent is well suited for weathering the smell of dampness from the closet and chest of drawers. First you need to pull out all the things from them and carefully inspect for the presence of fungus. Then, if there is one, treat it with all of the above methods (except for ammonia), dry the inner walls with a heater. Then put a mixture of coal and salt inside. After the smell of dampness subsides, place fragrances or fragrant herbs like lavender inside the cabinet, and the problem will be solved.

Another folk way to hide the smell of dampness - the so-called "pomanders" - citrus (orange, lemon, grapefruit), into which clove stalks are stuck - a rather beautiful and pleasantly smelling method that works for one to two months. This design is very good at neutralizing the smell of humidity.

How to eliminate the smell of dampness from upholstered furniture?

We talked about cabinets, but how to eliminate the smell of dampness from upholstered furniture? It is more difficult to weather the smell from furniture, since the base itself, as a rule, is foam rubber, it is inside, it dries for a long time and there is no guarantee that the smells will go away completely. In a good way, such furniture is taken out into the fresh air for several days, for example, to the dacha. There, under the sun, it warms up to a sufficient depth so that the smell of dampness disappears. But, if this is not possible, you can dry the furniture with household heaters and fan heaters. If possible, you can replace the upholstery with a new one. In cases where this is not possible, try pouring green tea, coffee (or other fragrant herb🙂) for 8-10 hours - these ingredients have a rich and specific aroma that can weather the smell of dampness.

If we talk about protecting shoes and clothes, then again we need to return to ventilated and dried wardrobes and chests of drawers, since both shoes and clothes are stored there. Outerwear, when bad smell must be dried and then washed. Hanging it in a closet that smells of damp, of course, is not worth it. It is better to protect shoes with a special deodorant and good ventilation or wipe it ammonia, put salt inside and leave for a day.

It is uncomfortable and sometimes dangerous to live in an apartment with high humidity. In such rooms, a fungus appears on the walls, causing allergic reactions. Such a microclimate leads to health problems. In humid air, joints begin to hurt, constant colds torment, insomnia begins, chronic nasal congestion, general weakness and other unpleasant symptoms appear.

Damp air danger

The optimum humidity in a residential area is 45-60%. In winter, when the central heating batteries are working, the air in the apartment becomes drier. For human health are equally dangerous as unnecessary high content water vapor, and excessive dryness.

Most often, drying clothes on batteries and poor ventilation lead to an increase in humidity in the apartment.

If the air is often damp, sooner or later dampness will appear, from which interior items will suffer, furniture and leather upholstery will deteriorate, plaster will crumble, wallpaper will peel off, and the wooden floor will deform. In a damp apartment, books and documents deteriorate, food quickly becomes moldy. But the most terrible consequence of dampness is mold and fungus that appear in the corners of the apartment. These microorganisms can spoil health and quickly render housing unusable, especially if the walls are made of wood.

In a damp apartment, the general condition of the body worsens. Excessively humid air is the cause of increased oily skin, greasy hair, skin rashes and allergies. People who live in damp conditions are prone to lung disease, chronic bronchitis and other respiratory problems. Excessively humid air is heavy, the room smells bad, which makes it unpleasant to live in it. In a damp atmosphere, any bacteria multiply rapidly, so residents are susceptible to dangerous infectious diseases, including tuberculosis.

Causes of dampness in the apartment

Dampness in the room can appear for internal and external reasons. To determine where the moisture comes from - from the outside or from the inside - it is enough to conduct a small experiment. For several hours, glass is applied to the wall facing the street. If the indoor area becomes damp, this means that dampness is entering the room from the outside. This is especially common in corner apartments or in houses, during the construction of which waterproofing standards were violated.

If the part of the wall covered with glass turned out to be dry after a few hours, you need to look for the causes of dampness inside the room. It can be:

on the ground floor in a house with a basement - raising ground water or man-made flooding of the basement;
poor ventilation or lack of it - this happens when neighbors close the ventilation shaft;
leaking plumbing, for example, the bath does not fit snugly against the wall and while taking a shower, water penetrates the floor, accumulating under the bath in puddles;
drying a large number linen in the apartment, what happens when the family has Small child or bedridden patient;
passion for houseplants indoor flower evaporates water with leaves and affects the microclimate in the apartment.

Sources of internal humidity on the 1st floor or any other, as well as in a private house without a basement, can be:

frequent showers or baths;
daily laundry;
cooking food;
respiration and evaporation of moisture through the skin;
the presence of aquariums in the apartment.

Microclimate correction

It is estimated that as a result economic activity a family of 3 gets up to 100 liters of water into the air every week. It is not surprising that in apartments with sealed plastic windows and poor ventilation, the microclimate changes so much that the walls begin to dampen, and black mold appears in the corners.

To reduce the humidity in the apartment, the first thing to do is check the operation of the ventilation and the tightness of the heating and water pipes. If something is wrong with these systems, you will have to contact specialists. If the ventilation and pipes function flawlessly, you can reduce the humidity in the following ways:

1. Regularly ventilate the room - just open the windows wide open for at least 10 minutes and damp air will leave.
2. At night, the bathroom door should be left open.

Residents of megacities can turn on air conditioning instead of airing. This will help get rid of dampness in the apartment and prevent its gas contamination.

An alpine window will help to dry the air ( supply valve). The device provides fresh air to the apartment even in winter. Alpine window is necessary in a room with poor gas exchange. To install the system, you will have to make a hole in outer wall. It is covered with heat and sound insulating material. You can regulate the level of fresh air entering the apartment using a damper. The exhaust air leaves the room through natural ventilation. Alpine vents are installed above the windows. The device is not suitable for airing bathrooms, kitchens and toilets - forced ventilation is needed in these rooms.

Alpine window device

Alpine window - appearance inside and outside

Effectively reduces humidity and eliminates the smell of damp air conditioner. The appliance has a dehumidification function. You can simply use it as a hair dryer for apartment air by turning it on to the appropriate mode. But even during normal operation, the air conditioner dries the room slightly.

To remove the fungus and mold that appeared on the ceiling and in the upper corners after the next flood, a high-quality antiseptic will help. Such funds are sold in hardware stores.

The room, severely affected by the fungus, needs to be repaired. Wallpaper is being removed from the walls. Sometimes you even have to remove the plaster. All surfaces are treated with an antiseptic and cleaned of fungus and mold. Strongly affected areas of the walls can be smeared with creosote. After applying the impregnation, the walls and ceiling must dry completely, only then they can be finished. It is better to use wood and drywall for finishing. These materials at excess moisture they absorb water from the air, and in a dry atmosphere they release it.

In winter, the room becomes damp due to the cold. To reduce humidity, it is enough to use electric heaters until they are turned on. central heating. They warm up the room and dry the air. Chemical means for draining apartments are also produced. For example, Henkel implements the "Stop-moisture" system, which consists of an absorbent and an absorbent. Atmospheric moisture is absorbed by the absorber and enters a special container, from where it can simply be poured into the sewer.

Elimination of dampness with folk remedies

Good absorbers of moisture from the air are salt, sugar and coffee. To take advantage of these folk remedies, it is not necessary to arrange bags with bulk products around the apartment. You can simply pour some coffee beans, salt or granulated sugar into a beautiful glass vase or glass. Excess moisture will quickly settle into the container.

Silica gel absorbs moisture well. Envelopes with the product are laid out in cabinets with linen or poured into any open container and placed under the bath. The substance can be purchased at a pet store - it is used as a filler for cat litter.

Industrial dehumidifiers are the most effective remedy to correct the microclimate in a damp apartment. These devices are sold in stores household appliances. When choosing, you should pay attention to power. The larger it is, the more efficient the device. Automation would be helpful too. Such models of dehumidifiers turn on and off themselves depending on the level of humidity, which helps to combat dampness when minimal cost electricity.

Be sure to ventilate the house after washing, bathing and cooking. During the day, you do not need to close the windows with curtains, then Sun rays dry the air dampened overnight.

Dampness in the apartment is unacceptable. It does not matter where the living space is located - on the 1st or 5th floor - it is imperative to find and eliminate the source of the problem. Microclimate corresponding to sanitary parameters - necessary condition to protect health and property.

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Reading time: 4 minutes

The microclimate in the apartment has a significant impact on the health and well-being of its inhabitants. Weakness, loss of efficiency, increased susceptibility to viral and colds, skin diseases, allergies - this is what dampness in an apartment can threaten. In addition, wooden and leather products, books deteriorate, finishes quickly become unusable, therefore, in order to maintain health and home comfort dampness is essential.

How to know that the humidity in the apartment is above the norm?

You can find out about high humidity in the room by the following signs:

Fogging of glass surfaces (windows, glass doors, mirrors).
Wet spots on the walls of the apartment,.
wet towels, bed sheets, clothes in wardrobes.
The smell of dampness and mustiness.

Causes of high humidity in the apartment

For right fight with dampness in the apartment, it is important to find out the reasons for its appearance. These include:

The presence of sources of moisture.
Wrong insulation.
Insufficient heating.
Ventilation problems.

Let's take a look at these causes and how to eliminate them.

The presence of sources of additional moisture

They can serve as:

Leaking plumbing or pipes. The solution is to check, repair or replace everything you can.
Flowers. tropical plants requiring frequent watering, you need to remove from the apartment, giving preference to unpretentious species that will not evaporate a lot of moisture.
Aquariums in the apartment. If the humidity problem is serious, you will have to give up this hobby and clean the aquarium.

Plenty of water downstairs. It can be a basement, a swimming pool, etc. It is difficult to do something here, appeals to the Housing Office with a request to improve the microclimate of the basement are ineffective, all the more so you can’t get rid of the pool, all that remains is to change your place of residence or put a powerful dehumidifier in the apartment.
Unscrupulous upstairs neighbors who periodically heat up your apartment or have leaking faucets. The last factor makes your pipes “sweat” and “cry”. The resulting condensation increases the humidity in the apartment. You can get rid of the problem by calling a locksmith from the housing and communal services, in extreme cases, you can resort to using polyurethane casings by wrapping them around a wet pipe.

USEFUL INFORMATION: What is optimal humidity air in the apartment?

Humidity due to improper insulation

If all previous causes are excluded and you are firmly convinced that high humidity in the apartment arose due to poor-quality insulation, then legislation and engineering conclusions with a heat engineering calculation of the walls of the room will help you to determine required thickness and insulation material. Depending on the situation, you may need:

sealing the seams between the plates;
internal insulation of the apartment;
wall insulation outside the building.

You can find out where the moisture comes from in the apartment using a piece of glass. Put it on the wall for a few minutes. If the side that was pressed against the wall becomes wet, dampness enters the apartment from the street due to structural defects in the building.

Insufficient heating

If you have an apartment individual heating, then the problem of high humidity is solved simply. In winter, you yourself can regulate the heat supply, reducing or increasing it as needed, but without sudden changes that will aggravate the situation. In wet and humid weather, you need to turn on the heating to dry.

What to do if the central heating in the apartment is not warm enough and because of this the humidity rises?

Cold pipes can be the result of undersupply of heat by boiler houses or the initiative of neighbors who decide to remove bypasses. The solution is to contact the utilities.
Installed decorative lattices on radiators, heat transfer is reduced by a quarter. Better to avoid them altogether.
Battery paint can also reduce heat transfer by 10%, to avoid this, it is necessary to remove the previous layer before painting.

Ventilation

Basically, ventilation in the apartment is provided due to the presence of ventilation shafts. Ventilation holes and ventilation ducts leading to common shafts are located in places with high humidity: in the bathroom and in the kitchen. If you checked the ventilation and found that the draft is weak or absent, one of the following reasons takes place:

The channel may be clogged with debris. You can get rid of blockage by cleaning it.
Some of the neighbors blocked the exhaust shaft during redevelopment or improper installation of the hood in the kitchen. Solving the problem can take a lot of time and effort, if the neighbors do not make contact, you should not fight them, it is better to immediately contact the public utilities first, and then go to court.

USEFUL INFORMATION: How to choose a humidifier for an apartment: battery humidifiers

There are several more ways to solve the problem of high humidity in the apartment due to poor ventilation:

Forced installation ventilation system. Its disadvantages include some financial costs associated with the purchase of a fan and an increase in power consumption, as well as noise. Plus - the solution of the problem once and for all.
Installation of a heat exchanger - a special device that draws out moist air and provides fresh air. An expensive thing, but the humidity in the apartment is guaranteed to reduce.

In addition to individual methods for eliminating humidity in an apartment, characteristic for each individual case, there are also general ones.

Regular ventilation of the room. It has long been known that humidity is afraid of fresh air.
Buying a dehumidifier. The more powerful the technology, the more effect from its work, the faster it will be possible to get rid of high humidity.

The best option is a dehumidifier with a humidity sensor that reacts to the percentage of moisture in the room air. The automatic mode will help to avoid overdrying and save energy.

Very often, an increase in air humidity is associated with poor ventilation. Plastic windows, now installed in many apartments and cottages, are sealed, which allows them to keep the heat in the room and cut off street noise. However, if the house is not installed quality system ventilation, this tightness becomes unpleasant side effect: The air humidity gradually increases, especially when using the bathroom and kitchen. To solve the problem, you should take care to install an autonomous ventilation system, ventilate the common house equipment, or at least ventilate the premises more often.

"Weeping" windows are the first sign that the level of ventilation of the rooms leaves much to be desired. Remember that the standard common house system in such cases will not be enough.

The problem may lie not only in poor ventilation. Leaking pipes, poor foundation waterproofing, and a rotten roof can also lead to a strong increase in the level of humidity in the house. If this is the problem, install new system ventilation will not help get rid of it. In such cases, care must be taken first of all to eliminate the cause, and not the effect.

How to quickly reduce indoor humidity

There are other ways to deal with high humidity to apartments and cottages. A good option would be to use special chemicals. They absorb moisture, normalizing the microclimate in the rooms, moreover, as a rule, they do their job quite quickly.

Be very careful when using such products if you have children or animals in your home!

Another a good option- Installation of a dehumidifier. Such devices allow you to quickly reduce the humidity level to a predetermined value. They are mobile, so you can move them from one room to another if necessary. In order for the dehumidifier to work efficiently and help you quickly and easily deal with the problem, take Special attention his choice. The more spacious the room and the higher the humidity, the more powerful the device should be. Otherwise, it simply will not be able to perform its functions.

Finally, if the rooms are cool, you can use autonomous units to dehumidify the air. heating appliances. They increase the temperature and lower the humidity level, allowing you to create a comfortable microclimate. One way to gently reduce humidity is to use a "warm floor" system.

When evaluating the parameters of the air in the house, most people first of all pay attention to its temperature, forgetting about this important indicator like humidity. The subjective sensation of heat or cold, general well-being, the condition of plants and the safety of many household items depend on it. We will figure out what is the norm of air humidity in the apartment, and also find out what it affects.

The humidity indicator reflects the degree of saturation of the air with water vapor. It is absolute and relative. In the first case, it is determined how many grams of moisture are contained in 1 cubic meter of air. In the second, it is calculated percentage the actual amount of water in the atmosphere (absolute) and the maximum possible at a given temperature.

When using such a concept as the norm of humidity in an apartment, a relative indicator is implied. This parameter largely determines the comfort of the microclimate in the room. Both the person and the home environment suffer from excessively high or too low humidity.

Dry indoor air provokes increased moisture loss through the skin and respiratory tract. This may lead to such backfire, how:

decrease in the elasticity of hair, nails and skin, accompanied by the appearance of microcracks, wrinkles, peeling, dermatitis;
drying of the mucous membrane of the eyes, the symptoms of which are itching, redness, a feeling of "sand";
thickening of the blood, leading to a slowdown in its circulation, weakness, headache, decreased performance, increased stress on the heart;
an increase in the viscosity of gastric and intestinal juices, provoking a slowdown in digestion;
drying of the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract, which results in a weakening of local immunity and an increase in the frequency of SARS;
an increase in the amount of respiratory allergens in the atmosphere, which should normally be bound by liquid droplets.

Excess moisture in the air creates acceptable conditions for the reproduction of mold, fungi, bacteria. As a result, homeowners may experience:

respiratory diseases - chronic runny nose, bronchitis, asthma, allergies;
a feeling of stuffiness or dampness in the room;
unpleasant odor due to the multiplication of pathogenic microorganisms;
increasing the drying time of the washed laundry.

Excessive or insufficient moisture has a bad effect on the condition of home furnishings. Plants dry out or begin to rot wooden furniture and the parquet is deformed or “shrinks”, the paintings fade, paper products lose their structure.

Factors Affecting Humidity

The main factor that affects air humidity is its temperature. The warmer it is, the large quantity it can contain water vapor as much as possible, and vice versa. But when assessing relative humidity, an inverse relationship works: the warmer the air, the lower its relative humidity will be with the same volume of water vapor in it. Therefore, airing in winter makes the air fresher, but less humid. Optimum temperature considered 18-22 ºC.

Water vapor from the air in the room is "taken away":

any heating devices;
air conditioner;
interior items, especially cushioned furniture, toys, carpets.

Any sources of water and steam lead to an increase in relative humidity:

aquarium;
houseplants;
wet linen;
containers with boiling water (pot, kettle);
leaking roof;
faulty water pipes and plumbing.

Regulatory indicators

Let's figure out what air humidity is considered normal in an apartment. It depends on the purpose of the premises and the time of year.

Humidity standards for housing:

warm period - 30-60%, maximum allowable - 65% (for certain regions with high humidity, this standard can be increased to 75%);
cold period - 30-45%, the maximum allowable - 60%.

Relative air humidity is not standardized in auxiliary rooms - bathroom, toilet, corridor, pantry and others.

Standards for plants and interior items:

for furniture and antiques - 40-60%;
for equipment - 45-60%
for books - 30-65%;
for plants - tropical - 80-95%, subtropical - 75-80%, others - 40-70%.

What is the norm of relative humidity in the apartment where the child lives? Since the intensity of heat exchange processes is increased in young children, they are especially sensitive to non-compliance with microclimate parameters. The ideal air humidity in the children's room is 50-70%. If the child is sick with ARVI or an infectious pathology, then this parameter should not be allowed to decrease by less than 60%.

Important: In heating season air humidity drops to 15-20%. It must be raised, especially if there are children, asthmatics and allergies in the house.

How to measure relative humidity?

Knowing what should be the optimal humidity in the apartment, it is worth deciding how it can be measured. The most rational way is to use a special device - a hygrometer.

There are several types of device - electrical, chemical, condensation, hair and others. For an apartment, you should not buy an expensive professional device. The simplest hygrometer with an error of 3-5% is enough. Often it is combined with a clock and a thermometer. It is important to place the hygrometer away from sources of moisture and heat.

You can determine the humidity using alternative methods- a glass of water, an Assmann table and a fir cone.

Glass of water

Pour water into a glass and cool it to 3-5 ºС. To do this, just send the vessel for 3 hours in the refrigerator. Next, you need to put the glass on the table away from the battery and watch it for 5 minutes. At the same time, condensation forms on its walls due to temperature differences. Possible results:

the glass dried up within a few minutes - the humidity is lowered;
the walls remained foggy - the microclimate parameters are normal;
trickles of water flowed down the glass - there is too much moisture in the air.

Assmann table

The Assmann table is designed to determine humidity using a psychrometer - an instrument consisting of two thermometers - a conventional one and a humidifier. Its likeness can be made at home. You must first measure the temperature in the room with a conventional alcohol thermometer and record its value. Then you should wrap its end with a damp cloth. After 5 minutes, you need to re-measure the temperature. She should go down.

Next, you need to look at the Assman table. The readings of the “dry” thermometer are located vertically, the temperature difference is located horizontally. Seeing the desired values, you should find their intersection. This will be the relative humidity.

fir cone

Note: Indirect signs of low air humidity in the room are the drying of the tips of the leaves of plants and electrical discharges emanating from synthetic clothing.

Humidity regulation

At any time of the year, the normal humidity in the apartment should be at least 30-40% and not higher than 65%. How to regulate it?

Ways to reduce humidity:

frequent ventilation of the premises;
installation of exhaust fans;
use of dehumidifiers and climate systems;
timely repair of water pipes and plumbing fixtures;
the use of heaters and air conditioners;
refusal to dry clothes in the room;
installation of a hood in the kitchen.

Humidity increase methods:

purchase of an aquarium or decorative fountain;
minimal use of heater and air conditioner;
hanging wet towels on batteries;
periodic spraying of water from a spray bottle;
the use of an air humidifier - steam, ultrasonic or traditional;
regular wet cleaning;
growing a large number of indoor flowers.

Humidity in the house - important parameter, affecting both the well-being of its inhabitants and interior items. Normally, this indicator is in the range from 40 to 60%. It is especially important to monitor the humidity in rooms where children spend most of their time, as well as people with respiratory diseases. To adjust the concentration of moisture in the air, it is convenient to use household humidifiers and dehumidifiers.

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