Processing raspberries with ammonia in the spring. Raspberry care in the spring - pruning and fertilizing. Raspberry processing in spring

Excellent harvest Raspberries are obtained only if 3 conditions are met:

1. Raspberries grow in full sun.
2. Gets good nutrition, and the soil is covered with mulch.
3. Bushes are protected from pests and diseases.

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There will not be many berries in the shade under the trees. A huge green mass will grow, but not berries.

In the hole under the roots, you can bury plant organic matter and a little ash.

In the spring, raspberries are fed with nitrogen. Can be used mineral fertilizers(urea, azofoska), mullein infusion or ammonia. By the way, strawberries are also watered with ammonia.

Feeding raspberries with ammonia

Feeding raspberries with ammonia carried out at an average daily temperature of + 10 degrees. The soil should already warm up well, otherwise the roots simply will not absorb the fertilizer.

Dosage:

2-3 tablespoons of ammonia per 10 liters of water.

It is necessary to water raspberries with a solution of ammonia under the root, the consumption per plant is 5 liters. Water directly over the mulch. Tandem mulch + watering with ammonia makes the soil loose, fertile, constantly moist. Mulch attracts great amount worms that gradually turn green organic matter into biohumus.

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Ammonia, ash and mulch will increase the yield of raspberries

Raspberry loves organic. A great harvest is obtained after watering. green fertilizers(infusion of nettle or other weeds) before flowering.

Raspberries need a lot of potassium. A glass of wood ash is poured under each bush in the spring and lightly buried in the ground.

Mulch is an additional nutrition, protection against weeds, a great way to retain moisture and prevent fungal diseases. Grass, weeds, straw, and other plant residues are used as mulch. Never leave the soil under a raspberry bare.

Spraying raspberries with ammonia from diseases and pests

In early spring, traditionally, raspberries are sprayed against diseases with Bordeaux mixture, Topaz or Fitosporin. These drugs are quite effective.

But there is an even easier and cheaper way - ammonia. This is at the same time foliar top dressing raspberries, and protection from disease.

Spray raspberries with ammonia we advise three times per season: at the beginning of the growing season, before flowering and after harvesting.

Dosage:

2 tablespoons of ammonia per 10 liters + 2 tablespoons of liquid tar soap.

Tar liquid soap used for better adhesion and prolonging the action of the solution. Ammonia and tar are excellent antiseptics, they enhance the effect of each other, and ammonia will additionally nourish the leaves with nitrogen.

Important: each sprig of raspberries should be well lit by the sun and ventilated. Then the bush is less susceptible to fungal diseases. Yes, and picking berries in the thickets is not at all convenient.

Thickened raspberries do not bear fruit well. Therefore, on each bush, leave a maximum of 3-4 shoots. Be sure to dig out any excess growth.

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In order for raspberries to please with a good harvest of large sweet berries, certain work is carried out with the bushes in the spring as soon as the snow melts or with the onset of stable positive temperatures in the region of + 5ºС. It is at this time that the necessary care for raspberries, its top dressing, pruning bushes. Proper implementation is the key good harvest berries. This article is a kind of cheat sheet. Now, while there is time, you need to stock up with the necessary fertilizers for top dressing. There is also time to arm yourself with the necessary knowledge.

First, a thorough inspection of the bushes is carried out. Plants give numerous shoots at the base of the bush and from the roots. If in the fall they did not have time to cut the fruiting shoots, then in the spring this is done without fail. Leave no more than 5-6 strongest branches on each bush, and boldly cut the rest. As a result, the remaining branches will be provided with free access to light and air circulation. And the remaining shoots are given the opportunity to grow and produce large fruits.

Also cut off the tops of the branches. But this is carried out when the buds begin to bloom on the branches. Cut off the tops to the first living kidney. This allows the side shoots to grow, respectively, the yield of berries will increase.

Bush garter

If you tied branches in the fall and bent them to the ground, first untie the branches so that they return to their original vertical position. And then make supports and a garter for flexible branches. Otherwise, from the weight of the berries and leaves, they will bow to the ground.

You can, of course, tie each raspberry bush separately to a support. This method is suitable if there are few bushes, and they are planted randomly. But still the most The best way garters - tapestry. To do this, at the end of a row of bushes, metal or wooden sticks are stuck, to which a trellis (twine, thin rope, wire) is tied on both sides. Such a garter does not allow heavy branches to fall sideways.

Weeding and loosening the soil under the bushes

Remove all weed growth so that the raspberries receive adequate nutrition. Simultaneously with weeding, loosening of the soil is carried out. Only the aisles are loosened. Loosen carefully so as not to damage root system, to a depth of 5-10 cm. Deeper digging of the soil is carried out only in the fall with the introduction of superphosphate into the soil.

Plant nutrition

Raspberries require a lot of fertilizer, as their strong growth greatly depletes the soil.

1. In early spring, as soon as the snow melts, nitrogen fertilizers are applied, for example, or ammonium nitrate. They can even be simply scattered over melted snow (1 tablespoon per 1 sq. M). But remember that nitrogen fertilizers are used only in spring and early summer. Since nitrogen substances themselves stimulate explosive growth greenery. And by winter this is useless, they will only reduce the winter hardiness of the plant and lead to its freezing.
2. Nitrogen substances are able to acidify the soil, and raspberries simply cannot tolerate acidic soils. Therefore, after making nitrogen fertilizer under each bush contribute 0.5 - 1 glass.
3. It is very useful to spray directly on the bush during the formation of fruit buds and buds. complex fertilizer in liquid form, while diluting it according to the instructions.
4. With the onset of fruiting, phosphorus-potassium supplements are used. This improves the quality and size of the fruit. At the same time, mineral supplements can be replaced with organic ones. Raspberries respond very well to mullein infusion, bird droppings, herbal infusion from a barrel: 1 liter of fermented infusion is stirred into 10 liters of water and watered under the root. Green infusion in combination with mulch makes the soil loose, moist and fertile.

potash fertilizers

This is a very nutritious fertilizer for raspberries. It can be successfully replaced with the usual wood ash. By the way, when choosing mineral potash fertilizers choose those where the composition does not contain chlorine or contains it minimal amount. Since the use of dressings with chlorine can cause chlorosis in raspberries.

Phosphate fertilizers

If nitrogen and potassium affect plant growth, then phosphorus serves as a source of energy and affects metabolic processes. A sufficient amount of fertilizer contributes to the good development of the root system. With a deficiency of phosphorus, plants lose their attractiveness, become frail, and are more likely to be attacked by diseases and pests.

organic fertilizers

Organic fertilizers are well suited for feeding raspberries:

• Overripe manure. It not only gives strength to the plant during spring growth, but in severe frosts will effectively warm its roots. It is used at the rate of 6 kg per 1 sq. m.
• A good alternative is rotted compost. It is not inferior to manure in its properties. It not only saturates the soil with valuable trace elements, but also disinfects it.

Mulching

After loosening the soil under the bushes and feeding the plants, the surface of the earth. This will retain moisture for the roots and prevent weeds from growing. In addition, fertile soil will allow you to live. They will not only loosen the soil, but in the course of their life will enrich the soil with humus.

Folk remedies for feeding raspberries

It is not at all necessary to use chemical mineral fertilizers for top dressing. Many gardeners successfully use improvised means, in particular plants and weeds that grow right next to the site.

In order not to burn the roots of plants when feeding, pour the ground under the bushes with water beforehand.

1. Take comfrey and nettle equally, add a bucket of water to them and leave to infuse for 2 weeks. After that, add 1 liter of infusion to a bucket of water and pour 2 liters on a bush;
2. In a 2-bucket tank, put about 3 kg of manure (2 large handfuls), 2 cups of ash, a large armful of nettles. Leave to infuse for a week. Dilute 1 liter of infusion in a bucket of water, water at the rate of 0.5 solution per 1 bush;
3. Weeded weeds instead compost heap put in a barrel, fill with water. Leave for 1-2 weeks to brew. To ferment faster, add a little fermented jam or a little sugar there. Then dilute 1:10 and pour under the bush;
4. Throw the remaining banana skins into a bucket of water, let it brew for a week. And then water the ground under the bushes;
5. 2-3 handfuls onion peel insist in a bucket of water, insist 2 weeks. The resulting infusion is poured over the soil in the raspberries. By the way, the infusion helps to cope with insect pests, as it has insecticidal properties.

The use of ammonia for fertilizing

Ammonia - good remedy for the care of raspberries, both as a top dressing and for the prevention of diseases and pest control, ammonia is used.

top dressing

In the spring, raspberries really need nitrogen supplements. Spend 2 top dressing. The first is carried out when warm weather sets in, because in cold weather nitrogen is not absorbed by the plant. When average daily temperature reaches 10ºС, carry out the first feeding with ammonia. 2-3 tbsp. l. ammonia is diluted in 10 liters of water and watered directly under the root. 5 liters of solution are poured onto an adult bush, 2-3 liters under a young one. With a solution of the same concentration, foliar top dressing is carried out.

Until June, plants can be sprayed 3 times with a solution of ammonia and watered 2-3 times under the root.

Pest and disease control

Dilute 2 tbsp. l. ammonia per 10 liters of water, be sure to add some kind of adhesive (liquid soap, washing powder, shampoo). But tar liquid soap is best. Ammonia and tar soap are excellent antiseptics, they serve to prevent many raspberry diseases.

Disease and pest control

Weak plants are more likely to become infected with diseases, especially if it is a rainy summer.

• Fungal infections - gray rot(Botrytis), white and purple spotting, raspberry rust, anthracnose;
• Diseases of viral etiology - mosaic, curl, raspberry growth;
• Bacterial diseases - root and stem cancer.

In addition, insect pests can also destroy raspberries:

• raspberry stem fly,
• raspberry beetle,
• stem gall midge,
• nutcracker,
• Runaway aphid.

If signs of fungal diseases are found, it is useful to spray raspberry 1% with Topaz, Fitosporin. But it should be noted that it only works at a temperature not lower than 10ºС.

Basic preventive measure is a timely inspection of plants in order to timely detect pests and diseases. The autumn digging of the soil under the bushes and loosening in the spring will help to avoid the problem. Well, if you notice signs of diseases or pests, without using special preparations and insecticides are indispensable.

In conclusion, I will add that care in the spring for remontant raspberries the same as for the usual one.

Raspberries are prone to bacterial and fungal infections, such as anthracnose, rust, various spotting, mosaic and other diseases. Of the pests, aphids most often attack raspberries, spider mite, gall midge, raspberry beetle, raspberry-strawberry weevil. And in order to protect the raspberries from pests and diseases, it is necessary to do not only the treatment of already diseased bushes, but also carry out preventive spraying.

When to Process Raspberries

Raspberries are being processed in early spring, immediately after the snow melts and along unopened buds. The first preventive spraying can be carried out at a daytime temperature of +5.

In autumn, after leaf fall, additional spraying and pruning are carried out.

Raspberry processing in spring

The main treatments in raspberries begin in early spring and end a few days before raspberries bloom. It is better to carry out 3-4 preventive sprayings than to deal with pests or diseases that can infect all bushes later.

AT middle lane Russian snow melts in early to mid-April. And it is at this time that you need to come to garden plot and process all berry and fruit bushes and trees. But before you start spraying, clean the raspberries: remove the leaf litter under the raspberries, cut off the broken, old and frostbitten branches, remove the thickening shoots, leaving 5-7 strong last year's shoots in the bush.

When pruning, do not forget to disinfect the secateurs after processing each bush or tree.

If the raspberry is mulched with straw, then it also needs to be removed so that the soil warms up more quickly. Only after that they begin to process the bushes from diseases and pests.

Usually, for the first time, raspberries are sprayed with copper or iron sulfate, Bordeaux liquid, and urea for diseases. However copper-containing preparations accumulate in the soil, and then in the berries and enter the human body, so more and more people are switching to more modern or natural preparations: Fufanon, Aktellik, Oksikhom, Horus, Farmayod, Fitolavin.

Many gardeners do not spray raspberries, but pour boiling water over them (until the buds swell), but this is only possible for those who have water on the site and the ability to boil it.

The second time raspberries are sprayed from pests in a couple of weeks, when the buds, the so-called green cone, begin to bloom. At this time, Fitoverm, Bitoxibacillin are used. If last year there were a lot of bushes affected by viral diseases, you can additionally sprinkle raspberries with phytolavin and farmiod.

Processing raspberries in autumn

In autumn, raspberries are processed after leaf fall. Old foliage can be left in the raspberries if there were no pests and diseases on the bushes, and spraying was carried out with natural preparations, in other cases it is better to burn the infected foliage.

Fruiting branches are cut from the bushes, weak shoots and remaining foliage are removed and preventive spraying is carried out. You can use the same tools as in the spring.

How to properly process raspberries

There are many drugs that can be used to treat raspberries. Many of them have already proven their effectiveness, but they accumulate in the soil and can harm human health. These drugs include copper-containing Bordeaux liquid and blue vitriol.

Processing raspberries with copper sulphate

By itself, blue vitriol is poison. However, it is very effective against pathogens of such fungal diseases as scab, moniliosis, fruit rot, septosporosis, anthracnose, brown leaf spot.

Copper sulphate should not spill the soil under the plants, this leads to the oppression of plants and the accumulation of copper in the berries.

Spraying with copper sulphate is best done on a green cone. But it is better to use copper sulfate only for mature trees, wounds on trunks, hollows, and also for dressing raspberry seedlings before planting.

Copper sulfate is safer for humans when used in Bordeaux mixture, or even better, replace it with Hom or Kuproskat.

Processing raspberries with iron sulphate

Ferrous sulfate is ferrous sulfate, it is effective against harmful insects, scab, powdery mildew, gray mold, mosses and lichens. Used to prevent chlorosis in plants.

From insects, 2 treatments are carried out - in early spring before bud break and in November. For 10 liters of water take 500 g iron sulphate. Such concentrated treatments should not be carried out after bud break.

From fungal diseases, raspberry bushes are sprayed 2-3 times in the spring with an interval of 3-5 days. The solution is prepared from 30 grams of iron sulfate per 10 liters of water.

Ferrous vitriol should be diluted only with gloves and plastic or glass containers.

Processing raspberries with boiling water

Processing with boiling water is carried out very early in the spring, at this time there may still be snow. Water is boiled in an iron watering can and after boiling, the bushes are immediately poured over. The water temperature should already be around 80-90, the watering can is kept at a distance of 1 meter from the bush so as not to burn the kidneys. Boiling water is also poured over the soil under the bushes to kill pests. This method is not suitable for everyone, since it is mainly men who can lift a heavy watering can with boiling water above a bush. One 10 liter watering can is enough for 2-3 small bushes.

It is IMPOSSIBLE to pour boiling water over swollen, and even more so, blossoming buds!

Spraying raspberries in the spring with urea

Not really effective method against pests and diseases, since only a concentrated solution will help against insects, which are processed before bud break, and there are practically no pests themselves at this time on raspberries.

Do not spray raspberry leaves with a concentrated solution of urea - it will burn the leaves.

But spraying with a low concentration of carbamide at the beginning of the growing season is very necessary for the growth of young shoots.

Processing raspberries with Bordeaux liquid

For processing on blossoming leaves or buds, a 1% solution of Bordeaux mixture is used, but there are already new preparations that are less harmful to the soil: Ditan, Ordan, Ridomil.

Processing raspberries with mustard

Mustard treatment is carried out to scare away the raspberry-strawberry weevil. To do this, dissolve 20 grams of mustard powder in a bucket of water and insist for several hours.

How to process raspberries from worms

Wormy raspberries are obtained if, during the period when the buds appear, a raspberry weevil or a raspberry fly settled on it. fight these harmful insects it is better during the cherry blossom period: treat raspberries on a leaf with any pesticide, but it is best to use biological products such as fitoverm or bitoxibacillin.

Biopreparations are best mixed with adhesives: green soap or liposam, which protect them from being washed off by rain.

If you notice wilted tops of young shoots on raspberries, then a raspberry fly has settled there and these tops must be cut off and burned.

It is also very good to harvest the raspberry weevil by hand early in the morning. At in large numbers pests, treat with fitoverm several times a season, excluding only the flowering period of raspberries. After treatment with this drug, the berries can be eaten after three days.

Treatment of raspberries with ammonia

Ammonia is a solution of ammonia, which is very good nitrogen fertilization for raspberries. In addition, it is used against diseases and pests, carrying out three treatments per season: before bud break, during budding and immediately after picking berries. To prepare a solution, 2 tablespoons of ammonia are combined with two tablespoons of tar liquid soap and poured into 10 liters of water. It is better to spray raspberries in dry calm weather.

Treatment of raspberries with phytolavin and farmiod

Phytolavin is a natural drug, a systemic antibiotic that suppresses and destroys harmful bacteria and fungi, best copes with rots of various origins, including blackleg in seedlings, top rot of tomatoes, dry rot of potatoes. Phytolavin as a prophylaxis is treated with raspberries in early spring and autumn for 2 years, if the plants were healthy, then one treatment can be skipped. Fitolavin is well compatible with fitoverm and bitoxibacillin, but you should not combine it with lepidocide.

Pharmaiod is an antimicrobial drug that acts on fungi, bacteria, and viruses. Apply in early spring on bare branches, then as a preventive measure at the beginning of a green cone and when the buds swell. For spraying, dilute 5 ml of the drug in 10 liters of water.

With a pure preparation, you can process saw cut branches after sanitary pruning, especially if various diseases were noticed.

Farmayod is not effective against pests.

The best result is shown by spraying raspberry bushes in early spring with a mixture of farmiod, phytolavin and liposam adhesive. For 10 liters, you need 1 tablespoon of farmiod, 2 tablespoons of phytolavin and a sachet of liposam.

Video - processing raspberries and currants from diseases and pests

Finally

The treatment of raspberries from diseases and pests is carried out in several stages. In early spring, preparations for viral and fungal diseases are used, when the first leaves appear, pest control is started, which is repeated during the extension and swelling of the buds. After picking berries, and especially in late autumn after leaf fall, you can carry out the final treatment for diseases.

The choice of products used to process raspberries in the spring is influenced by the specific type of pest or disease. Processing procedures are carried out in early spring, before flowering. There are many ways to protect culture. You can process raspberries in the spring from pests and diseases folk remedies without chemicals or purchased chemical compounds. Let's consider the main ones.

The most commonly used are Agravertin and Fitoverm. These products are without chemicals, they will help to cope with insect pests of various types. The compositions completely decompose in the open space after 1-2 days and can be used during the formation of berries.

Chemicals

They are used in most cases and are sold in specialized stores. The following are well known:

It is used to combat the raspberry beetle by spraying. It is necessary to dilute the drug in a ratio of 200 g per 10 liters of water. It can also help prevent anthracnose infection.

Due to the extreme danger to people and animals, it is used only in industrial conditions with strict observance of personal safety standards. Plants can be treated before bud break to avoid leaf burns.

Fufanon

With it, you can get rid of gall midges. It is diluted according to the scheme of 10 mg per 10 liters of water. The drug acts quickly, does not have bad smell, easy to breed, affordable and does not harm human health.

More on the topic: Viral diseases of raspberries

Actellik

For the same purposes, Actellik is used at the rate of 15 mg per 10 liters of water. It is quite effective, easy to use and has an affordable price. Due to toxicity, you need to work in special clothing.

A 0.5-0.3% solution will save the plant from shoot midges. Processing should be done twice a season. The first is done when the air temperature reaches 13 ° C at night, the second - after 10 days after the first.

Bordeaux liquid

The best remedy against gray rot. In early spring, the concentration of the solution should be 3%, before flowering - 1%.

Kemithos

Used in the fight against weevil. 10 mg of the drug must be diluted in 10 liters of water. About 1.5 liters of the resulting solution is required per 10 m². The main active ingredient in it easily spreads through the air, so you need to protect the respiratory system.

Due to its action on eggs and larvae, Kemiphos is especially effective in spring. The result of its use can be seen after 2-3 hours.

Use with the appearance of anthracnose and gray rot. 1 g of the drug is added to 1 liter of water and the whole plant is treated. This must be done when the kidneys swell. The product is highly effective and wide range actions.

inkstone

Actual against rust and powdery mildew. 10 g of funds are spent on 10 liters of water.

Akres

Indispensable against infection with spider mites.

Topaz

Helps to cope with purple spotting, diluted in a ratio of 10 g per 10 liters of water. This is a highly effective economical substance with a long period of action. It belongs to the category toxic substances accumulates in the soil and is harmful to humans and insects.

More on the topic: Fungal diseases of raspberries

Protects against aphids, leafworms and weevils. 5 ml of the product must be mixed with 10 liters of water and treated with 2 liters of raspberries per bush. Alatar has a high speed of action. The disadvantages include its danger to humans, fish and insects.

Fundazol

It is used against gray rot, powdery mildew and various subspecies of spotting. 10 g of the drug should be added to 10 liters of water and consumed at 1.5 liters per 10 square meters. m.

This drug has proven effective against a wide range of fungal infections and is very easy to use. It should be used with caution, if it comes into contact with the skin, allergies and dermatitis may begin.

The tool is used to protect against different kind infections - fungal and bacterial. 2 ml of the drug is added to 10 liters of heated water and raspberries are treated before flowering and immediately after it. The substance is non-toxic, acts quickly, does not accumulate in the soil. Its effectiveness does not depend on weather conditions.

Folk remedies

An infusion of wormwood or marigolds will help to cope with some pests. For its manufacture, 200 g of finely chopped vegetable raw materials are taken, mixed with 10 liters of water and insisted for 10 hours. A decoction of wormwood should be infused for only 2 hours.

From gray rot, you can sprinkle the soil with ash or crushed coal. Folk methods have no appreciable effect. They can be used at the initial stages of the appearance of pests or the onset of diseases, or as part of complex therapy.

Boiling water treatment

Helps to cope with both pests and viruses and fungi. They carry it out before the start of sap flow, pouring boiling water over the bushes from a watering can. Thus, it is possible to destroy pests wintering in the soil and get rid of colonies of viruses and fungal spores.