What is better air conditioning or ventilation. Air conditioners with fresh air ventilation. Types of ventilation systems

In the conditions of modern hermetic apartments, issues related to inefficiency are increasingly arising, namely, the lack of inflow of street air masses. Due to lack of income fresh air, in such rooms, the oxygen content in the air mixture is significantly reduced, which leads to a sharp decrease in the mental and physical activity of the people in it.

Today, this problem is solved by creating a forced

Equipping the premises with ventilators and wall inlet valves, as well as specialized climatic equipment - air conditioners with fresh air supply. In fairness, it should be said that it is more correct to call this equipment not with an inflow, but with an admixture of street air, and the volume of air masses supplied to the room usually does not exceed 40%.

The device and principle of operation of the air conditioner with inflow

with an influx of fresh air various designs. The most popular among our compatriots are models with a wall and channel arrangement of the indoor unit. The device of such climate systems is not much different from standard air conditioners, with the exception of the air duct that combines the indoor and outdoor units and the filtering system for the incoming air mixture. Channel air conditioners of this type are most often equipped with an electric or water heater, which heats the incoming air flow during the off-season.

An air conditioner with forced ventilation mode for an apartment consists of:

• Evaporative (internal) unit, which includes a heat exchanger, a fan, a filtration system, and an electronic control unit.
• An outdoor unit including a compressor, a condenser heat exchanger, a cooling fan and an additional suction turbine, as well as a mixing chamber.

The mixing of air masses occurs as follows: by means of a suction fan, fresh air is supplied through the duct to the evaporation unit, where it enters a special chamber and mixes with the air from the room. After that, the air mixture passes through the filtration system and undergoes additional processing (heating, humidification, dehumidification, etc.), which depends on the version, the set mode and the model of the split system. Only after processing the air mixture is fed into the room. Microprocessor control allows you to automatically control the parameters of the air mixture specified by the user, as well as the strength of the air flow.

Scope and advantages of split systems of this type

Air conditioners with a function are most often used in residential hermetic buildings equipped with modern plastic windows, as well as in rooms with special requirements to air exchange and the quality of the air mixture.

The main advantages of an air conditioner with an influx of fresh air are:

• Year-round supply of serviced premises with an influx of fresh air. The competent approach of manufacturers made it possible to create such climate equipment that can work even at low temperatures.
• High degree of purification of street air. An open window will give the necessary influx of air masses, but its quality, especially in a metropolis, leaves much to be desired. Split systems are equipped with efficient filter elements, thanks to which clean and fresh air enters the room.
• Microprocessor control makes it possible to automatically maintain the set temperature and humidity characteristics and device performance.

Factors to pay attention to

Despite the rather serious advantages of such, air conditioners with supply ventilation for an apartment did not become especially popular with our compatriots, and there are several explanations for this:

1. Increased noise level, the source of which is an additional fan. From Russia, the noise level is regulated by sanitary standards, which clearly state that the level of penetrating sound exposure to residential premises cannot be higher than 30 dB at night. Most of the common models of such climate technology have an indicator on the verge of this value.
2. A household air conditioner of this type cannot fully replace the ventilation system.
3. High price. The price of such a device is approximately 15-20% higher than that of inverter-controlled climate control equipment of similar power.

The choice of a split system of this type should be entrusted to professionals, since the implementation of proper air exchange and synchronization of the ventilation system with the air conditioning system is possible only with a competent calculation and assessment of the required volume of supply air.

People often confuse the concepts of "air conditioning" and "ventilation".
Meanwhile, the difference between them is very big.

VENTILATION -

this is removal of exhaust air and supply of fresh air to the premises. We can say that ventilation is a controlled process of artificial air exchange in a certain room or building, which provides a favorable atmosphere for a person. Accordingly, the ventilation system is equipment that ensures air quality. Modern ventilation systems allow not only to organize the flow of air and remove dust and other impurities from it, but also make it possible to control such important parameters like temperature, humidity and even composition. Ventilation systems consist of many components such as fans, filters, recuperators, air ducts, ventilation grates. As a rule, ventilation is controlled in automatic or semi-automatic mode.

AIR CONDITIONING -

this is indoor air circulation and cooling.In other words, air conditioning is the treatment of indoor air. This can change temperature and humidity. Also, during air conditioning, the air is cleaned of dust and other particles. At the same time, the air in the room is not updated and its chemical composition does not change. In the domestic market, you can find a variety of air conditioners, differing not only in performance, but also in design. There are split systems consisting of outdoor and indoor units, multi-split systems with one outdoor and several indoor modules, floor, ceiling, window and even mobile air conditioners.

In AIR CONDITIONERS, we most often deal with split systems, consisting of two blocks, external and internal, connected by pipes. An inexperienced person might think that pipes serve to supply air from the outdoor unit, but it is not.

Freon circulates through pipelines of small diameter, which takes heat from the air in the room and transfers it to the street, through the radiator of the external unit. Having cooled outside, freon rushes inside to complete its working cycle again. A fan is used to heat the air faster.

Air conditioning and ventilation systems are an integral part of any building and a determining factor in creating a comfortable indoor climate. In the past, sufficient air circulation was provided by leaks in windows and doors, fireplaces and stoves, as well as common house ventilation ducts. Today, with the desire to seal apartments to preserve heat, these methods of organizing air exchange are fading into the background.

How to ensure proper air circulation in a house or office and is there a need for this? Let's try to answer this question in this article.

Appointment of ventilation in the house

Being in a closed room, a person inhales a large number of air. If the ventilation system is not properly organized, the air can stagnate - the oxygen content in it decreases, it becomes humid and dusty. All this negatively affects the general well-being of a person, and in people with respiratory diseases and allergies, it can provoke the appearance of diseases.

To avoid stagnation of air, it is necessary to periodically ventilate the room by opening windows and doors to the street. It is these actions that ensure the inflow of fresh air, and its outflow is carried out through the general house ventilation systems, which are mandatory organized in every modern building.

However, modern double-glazed windows and door frames do not provide sufficient air flow. It is convenient to open them in summer, but it is rather problematic to use them in winter in our climate. In addition, the ecology of some areas also has a rather detrimental effect on human health, and filtration systems with such natural ventilation does not exist.

Ensure the building is well ventilated central system ventilation and air conditioning.

Ventilation system

Ventilation and air conditioning in an apartment or house is carried out using various devices and designs. These include systems that provide:

• air inflow - for windows, walls and doors;
• the removal of polluted air - hoods in the kitchen, channels in the bathroom;
• cooling of air masses - air conditioners, fans;
• heating - .

According to building codes, normal air exchange in residential buildings should be provided by general ventilation systems. They are a long channel running from the basement of the house to the attic, which has numerous exits in each apartment.

Industrial ventilation and air conditioning is widespread, which is installed at enterprises and in other non-residential buildings:

• in industrial premises;
• in warehouses and workshops;
• in office centers;
• in markets and shopping malls.

Such systems differ significantly from those used in residential apartment buildings. As a rule, more powerful and larger equipment is used here: advanced air conditioning and heating systems, large-scale hoods and fans.

Types of ventilation systems

Modern systems Ventilation and air conditioning help bring air into a room and help regulate its temperature. They have a fairly detailed classification depending on the method of operation and technical characteristics.

Natural and forced ventilation

Air exchange in the room can be organized naturally or with the help of special devices for air inflow and outflow. Depending on the method of action, the types of systems are divided into natural and forced.

1. Natural ventilation operates due to the difference in temperature and pressure in the room and outside. It is organized through two open channels. So, a hole or pipe for air flow is usually located at the bottom of the room. The incoming cold air, heating up, rises up under the influence of physical laws, where the channel for the removal of air masses is located. Natural ventilation is very easy to install, but it has low efficiency in the warm season, when the temperature in the building and outside is practically the same.
2. Forced ventilation works thanks to fans, hoods and air conditioners that bring fresh air into the room and remove stagnant air. Such a system has a more complex structure, but it is convenient and versatile. Supply and exhaust ducts can be located anywhere in the apartment and set to the desired mode, they will work effectively both in winter and in summer.

Airflow direction

Ventilation systems are also classified according to the direction of the air flow. On this basis, they are divided into supply and exhaust structures. As the name implies, supply parts are responsible for the supply of fresh air into the room, and exhaust parts are responsible for the removal of polluted masses through ventilation.

The devices included in the ventilation system are also divided depending on the direction they give to the air flow.

Air conditioning system

Although the air conditioning system is most often associated with ventilation in terms of design, it has a number of functional and technical differences. In this section, we will understand what tasks air-cooling devices perform and how they differ.

What is air conditioning? This is the process of cooling it by passing through a compartment of the device containing some kind of refrigerant. The classification of air conditioning systems depends on the way they are arranged - together with ventilation or using isolated devices.

In the first case, such a ventilation system is developed and installed, which, along with air circulation, can reduce its temperature. To do this, it is necessary to select equipment that will be equipped not only with filters and fans, but also with built-in air conditioners.
The advantage of this method is the ease of installation and operation of a single system of several combined devices. Disadvantage: high cost of devices with ventilation and cooling.

In the second case, air conditioning is carried out regardless of common system ventilation with isolated devices. If air cooling is to be provided within small apartment or office, conventional split systems are quite suitable for this. Modern models have mass useful features and can independently maintain the microclimate in the rooms.

If we are talking about the air conditioning of the whole building, you should pay attention to multi-channel installations.

The central air-conditioning system consists of a powerful refrigeration unit, from which numerous pipes are diverted to all rooms of the building. Usually the main air conditioner has large dimensions, which complicates the search for a place for its placement and installation. However, this unit does an excellent job of controlling the temperature throughout the building. Advantages: low cost and extended functionality. Drawback: Difficulties in managing two isolated systems.

The main factors influencing the choice of ventilation system

Equipment for air conditioning and ventilation systems must be selected in accordance with the conditions of the room or building. This section lists the main parameters that should be considered when developing a ventilation system plan.

Air volumes

Ventilation devices during operation must completely pass through all the air in the room. Depending on the volume of masses that pass through the device per hour of operation, its performance and power are calculated.

Thus, in order to select the right components, it is necessary to know the performance of the ventilation system. To do this, calculate the volume of the room: the area should be multiplied by its height. We multiply the obtained value by a factor of 10 - in this case, we get a value corresponding to the average productivity (m³ / h).

Humidity in the room

Another environmental factor that is regulated by the ventilation system is air humidity. For a person, a comfortable indicator of the moisture content in the air is 40-60%. If this mark is raised or lowered, it is worth choosing ventilation devices that can normalize the level of water in oxygen. It is also worth noting that it is better to measure the level of humidity in winter period- at this time, heating radiators strongly dry the air in the apartment.

Temperature

Ventilation systems are able to change the air temperature, and air conditioners are completely aimed at performing this task. Therefore, it is worth considering this indicator when choosing equipment for ventilation. As already mentioned, the temperature difference in the building and outside is the basis for the operation of natural ventilation. And forced systems can help to successfully regulate this indicator, which is especially important in the warm season.

Rules for the installation and operation of ventilation systems

General ventilation and air conditioning systems are required to be installed during the construction of any modern building. They are not only responsible for the cleanliness and freshness of the air, but are also an important factor ensuring fire safety. That is why ventilation should be paid attention even during the construction of non-residential buildings - warehouses, industrial premises and others.

When developing a ventilation system at home, the following standards are taken into account, which it must comply with:

• The main purpose is to ensure the supply and removal of air from their rooms for a comfortable and safe stay of people in the building.
• The system must promptly and accurately remove harmful impurities from oxygen. This is ensured by installing filters on active structural elements.
• Ventilation and air conditioning devices are also responsible for removing excess moisture from the air. high humidity can adversely affect human health, as well as adversely affect building structures, furniture, paper and other materials.
• The air conditioning system regulates temperature regime in the building depending on the season.

For proper arrangement ventilation systems, there are certain standards fixed in " Building Regulations and Rules." This is the official set of engineering rules that determine the construction technique of any buildings. When developing a ventilation plan, the requirements of sections of SNiP should be followed.

When operating ventilation and air conditioning systems, it is prohibited:

1. Close and build up ventilation ducts and gratings.
2. Use rooms with central installations for other purposes, store foreign objects in them.
3. Use supply and exhaust air ducts and channels for venting gases from heating appliances, geysers, boilers and other heating devices.

Installation process of ventilation systems

Systems for ventilation and air cooling are installed at the same time, so it is important to take into account the connection of these structures in the design process.

In accordance with this rule, the installation of the system is carried out in several stages:

1. Development of a ventilation and air conditioning project, which contains a description of all structural elements, determines their location, and also takes into account the characteristics of the environment in each room of the house.
2. Preparing rooms for installation work, their release from building structures. It is recommended that the installation be carried out prior to any finishing works, during the rough renovation of the building.
3. Procurement of ventilation devices and structures in accordance with the original project. The power, performance and other characteristics of the devices must correspond to the conditions of the room where they are planned to be located.
4. The instruction attached to it will help to carry out the installation process of the equipment. At the same time, it is extremely important as a result to obtain a system that will be durable, reliable and of high quality.
5. Launching the installed equipment, as well as carrying out work related to its adjustment, so that in the future it would be easy and convenient to use it.
6. Direct operation of ventilation and air conditioning systems, which must be correct and accurate.

There are special devices that allow you to check how well the ventilation system works. Such a device is called an anemometer. With it, you can measure what speed the air has in the ventilation duct. Having received such information, it is possible to calculate the number of cubic meters of fresh air passing through the grate in 1 hour. However, it should be taken into account that in order to make qualitative measurements of ventilation, it will be necessary to wait for certain climatic conditions. So between inner and outdoor temperature there should be a difference of 13 0C. And for the outside temperature there is also a certain indicator - it should not exceed 5 0. These restrictions must be met, since they are directly related to the laws of physics, which in turn have a significant impact on measurement data.

To be specific, it should be noted that in order for ventilation to function normally, it is necessary that the air in the room be warmer than the air outside. It is the difference in air temperatures that allows what is called "break out" of the air "to freedom". The air that leaves the room (apartment) is replaced with fresh air through doors and windows. In the summer, such a ventilation system is ineffective, sometimes even a “reverse draft effect” can form.

To check the efficiency of the ventilation system, you can take a regular piece of paper and place it near the ventilation hole in the bathroom or in the kitchen, after which you should open the window to create traction. If the system is working properly and normally, then a piece of paper will be sucked up. When conducting such an experiment, remember that the window should not be open more than 8 - 10 centimeters. As a rule, problems with the flow of clean and fresh air arise due to the use of new building materials ( metal doors, as well as plastic windows). Previously, air could easily pass through wooden doors and windows, but with the use of new building materials, this has become almost impossible.

However, in order for a person to feel comfortable in his apartment, it is not enough just to have an influx of clean and fresh air. The person must feel comfortable in the room. It is unlikely that someone can enjoy life in a cold or vice versa very hot room. Installation of air conditioners various types will get rid of these problems. As a rule, the prices for the installation of air conditioners are significantly lower than the cost of purchasing and installing a ventilation system. The difference in price in this case is influenced by the following factors: the cost of the equipment itself, as well as the price for the work.

Often, the cost of installation and installation of climate equipment has a direct impact on the choice. But never forget that saving, you can not get the most best result. In this case, your system may not work efficiently enough or even fail. It is best not to save money and opt for a combined ventilation system, which will allow you to get fresh air from the street, automatically heat the air and cool it with an air conditioner. Such a climate system will be most effective in modern houses- it will provide an influx of fresh air from the street and regulate its temperature.