Heating of industrial buildings: types, pros and cons, design and installation. Types of autonomous heating of industrial premises Heating of industrial premises and enterprises

Heating industrial premises is an important task. Each workshop was built to implement a specific technological process. Rooms in height and length can reach several meters. At the same time, the area that really needs heating can be quite small.

How to maintain the optimum temperature in the production room? If we consider air or water type of heating, then the efficiency is rather small, but the degree of service is high. In order for heating to be carried out as efficiently as possible, it is necessary to choose the appropriate equipment. Heating boilers should work not only indoors, but also outside. And this requires high power.

Steam heating of industrial buildings

Heating the production area with steam allows you to maintain a high temperature of the environment (up to 100 degrees). When organizing the heating process, it is not necessary to take into account the number of floors. You can bring the temperature to the required value in a short time. This applies to both heating and cooling. All equipment, including communications, does not take up much space.

It is optimal if the production room needs to be heated or lowered periodically. The method is more effective than the water method.

The following shortcomings are distinguished:

there is a lot of noise during operation;
it is difficult to regulate the flow of steam;
the steam method is not recommended for use in rooms with aerosols, combustible gases, strong dust.

Water heating of industrial facilities

It is appropriate if there is a private boiler room nearby or if there is a central water supply. The main component in this case will be an industrial heating boiler, which can run on gas, electricity or solid fuel.

Water will be supplied under high pressure and temperature. Usually with its help it is impossible to heat large workshops with high quality, therefore the method is called "on duty". But there are a number of advantages:

air circulates freely throughout the room;
heat is distributed evenly;
a person can actively work in conditions with water heating, it is absolutely safe.

The heated air enters the room, where it mixes with the environment and the temperature is balanced. Sometimes it is necessary to reduce energy costs. To do this, the air is cleaned with filters and reused for heating industrial buildings.

Infrared heating of industrial premises

Another way to create good working conditions for workers is to use infrared radiation. Devices generate ray energy, which is transmitted to surrounding objects, heating them. This heat is then released into the air. The method has a significant drawback: a uniform distribution of energy is not always possible. Under the ceiling it is much warmer than at lower levels.

The heating element at can be different:

halogen - if an impact or a fall occurs, the tube may break;
carbon fiber - energy consumption is reduced by almost 2.5 times;
ceramic - a gas-air mixture burns inside the heater, which causes the device to heat up and give off heat to the environment.

Using ordinary ones, where you constantly live, is not very convenient. There are options that require less time from you.

Should be done every year. In this case, in winter there will definitely not be any problems.

Do not forget about the ceiling heating system, which is often used to heat industrial buildings. With the help of special devices, it is not the air that is heated, but the walls, ceiling, floor. There is no circulation, therefore, the risk of getting a cold or sore throat is reduced by the workers of the department or workshop. In the ceiling heating system, a number of advantages are distinguished, such as: long service life, takes up little space, is easy and quick to install, and is light in weight.

SNiP norms for heating industrial premises

Before you start designing a particular system, think about which industrial heating boiler to choose, you need to study the following rules and follow them. Be sure to take into account heat loss, because not only the air in the room heats up, but also equipment and objects. The maximum temperature of the coolant (water, steam) is 90 degrees, and the pressure is 1 MPa.

When drawing up a project for heating, landings are not taken into account. The use of boilers and other gas-fired equipment is permitted only if the oxidation products are removed in a closed manner and there is no danger of an explosion or fire in the workplace.

In a multi-storey building, it is carried out by employees of the housing office.

After completion of work, a control check is also carried out.

Each of these heating methods has its own advantages and disadvantages. It is necessary to choose the best of the methods on the basis of the technological processes that are carried out in a particular workshop. Workers cannot stay indoors if the air temperature there is below 10 degrees. Warehouses usually store finished products. To maintain its quality, you need to maintain an optimal microclimate.

Heating of industrial buildings is an important issue, which in most cases is solved by non-standard methods. The fact is that such premises are usually created for certain technological processes. And their sizes are individual, unlike residential ones. The area of such structures can vary from tens to several thousand square meters. Each one has its own height. Often the working area that needs to be heated is small.

Features of industrial heating

Heating of industrial premises, unlike residential ones, has some features:

Heating equipment must be as efficient as possible.
The location of the installations does not play a role, especially in terms of aesthetics.
There are buildings where it is necessary to maintain the desired temperature only in certain areas. Others need to be heated completely.
It is important to consider heat loss.

Suitable equipment is selected depending on the premises and needs.

Efficient types of industrial heating

There are many manufacturers offering various industrial heating systems. The most effective of them are:

steam;
water;
air;
electrical.

Let's consider each in more detail.

Steam heating

It should be immediately clarified that this type of heating is placed in buildings where there is no emission of aerosols and combustible gases, as well as constant dust. For example, such heating is not suitable for workshops for the production of paving slabs.

Advantages:

Constant high temperature (often exceeding one hundred degrees).
The room warms up in no time. If necessary, it is also cooled quickly.
The number of floors in the building does not play any role.

Important! Steam heating of industrial plants is ideal for intermittent heating.

Like any other system, this one has its drawbacks:

Constant loud noise during operation.
It is almost impossible to regulate the amount of steam and heat transfer.

If we calculate the installation of equipment for a building of 500 square meters and a ceiling height of 3 meters, the approximate cost of maintenance in the winter period will be from 30 to 90 thousand rubles. Such a considerable difference depends on the frequency of use and fuel.

Water heating

The main component of this heating system, used in industrial buildings, is a boiler that can operate on almost any type of energy carrier: electricity, gas, liquid and solid fuels. The most economical (for the same premises) is gas - about $ 1,300 per season, or coal - 1,500. Other options are most often more expensive, and therefore you should not consider them.

There are some features of water heating:

high pressure;
it is possible to maintain a standby temperature that allows the building not to freeze through;
if the temperature in the room drops to zero, the unit may fail;
if the equipment is not used, antifreeze is added.

air heating

One of the main features of air heating of household and industrial premises is the ability to produce it in a certain area or throughout the area. This type of heating is characterized by the following factors:

Air is always moving.
Constant filtering and updating.
The temperature distribution occurs evenly throughout the formation.
Safe for humans.

Basically, such installations take air directly from the room, so as not to heat it up once again. After that, it is filtered, brought to the required temperature and sent back inside. This allows you to significantly reduce costs. But outside air is also supplied.

Local industrial heating involves the use of only internal resources.

The main advantage of such a system is the rapid heating of the room. However, it has a number of disadvantages:

According to the laws of physics, hot air rises, and cold air remains at the bottom. It turns out that with low ceilings, a person’s head will be in a hot area, and his legs in a cold one. And only the torso will be normal. This often negatively affects the body, leading to diseases.
Large power consumption.
If the installation is local, it dries the air, which makes it necessary to additionally use humidifiers.

Electric heating

Heating with this type of energy carrier allows you to use a variety of developments. So, for example, if the area of the enterprise is small, you can install infrared emitters. Such systems are great for warehouses.

In addition, thermal curtains have proven themselves well. Usually they are installed in places where air from outside can get inside - entrance doors. With the help of heat, a barrier is created that does not allow cold to enter the room. This system is convenient, but it will not always fully heat the building, so there may be a need for additional equipment. Using this method will cost the owner about 7.5 thousand dollars for the heating season. So with such expenses, you can think about choosing another method.

Today, many experts consider ceiling systems to be the most effective - innovative technologies that allow you to quickly achieve the desired result. A significant difference between radiant installations is the heating of the floor, walls and objects inside the building. In this case, the air is heated only from them. It turns out that the employees' legs and torso are warm, and the head is cool. In this regard, it is possible to avoid the development of diseases or colds among workers.

There are many advantages:

Heating of a local zone.
Long service life without any reconstruction work.
Location on the minimum area.
The technology has a small mass, which is why the installation of industrial heating is quick and easy. Such heating is suitable for any room.
Fast heating of the provided area.
Such equipment is perfect for buildings that have problems with enough electricity.

Sometimes infrared heating is installed in the form of wall panels. This solution is often used in service stations, hangars and warehouses of low height.

Many experts believe that it is radiant heaters that are better than others for heating industrial premises, since they not only speed up the production process, but also have a beneficial effect on the health of employees.

Well, there is a lot of equipment that allows you to heat production facilities. They feed on various raw materials and are used for different situations. The main thing to do is to decide on specific goals, to select the right technology for the existing conditions.

Ventilation is understood as a system of measures and devices designed to ensure the working and serviced areas of the premises, the creation of meteorological conditions and the purity of the air environment, corresponding to hygienic and technical requirements. Ventilation, which reduces the content of various harmful emissions in industrial premises, contributes not only to ensuring safe (primarily from the point of view of explosion hazard) and healthy working conditions, but also in many cases to increase the durability of building structures, preserve the interior decoration of premises, and also create conditions for optimal process control.

Ventilation systems are classified according to the method of air movement, air flow direction, coverage area and operating time. According to the method of moving air, ventilation is of two types: natural and mechanical. The difference lies in the way the air exchange of the premises is carried out.

natural ventilation It is carried out due to the difference in air temperatures in the room and outside it (thermal pressure) or the influence of wind (wind pressure).

At mechanical ventilation air is moved by fans. It can be supply and exhaust, and both can be general exchange local or combined. The natural and mechanical ventilation operating in the room at the same time is called combined.

Natural ventilation can be organized and unorganized. The unorganized and uncontrolled influx of air that occurs through leaks and gaps in building structures is called infiltration, and the internal air to the outside is called exfiltration. Organized and controlled natural ventilation is called aeration. At food enterprises, it is used in rooms with significant heat release, and is carried out with the help of aeration lamps, special ventilation ducts, transoms and windows.

To use the wind pressure, as well as to remove small volumes of air, deflectors (deflector ventilation), special nozzles installed at the top of the ventilation ducts, are used. With their help, they increase traction. The supply of supply air with natural ventilation (SP 2.2.1.1312-03) must be provided in the warm season at a level of no more than 1.8 m and in the cold season - at least 4 m from the floor to the bottom of the ventilation openings. When supplying unheated air during the cold season at lower elevations, it is necessary to provide measures to prevent direct exposure of workers to cold air. Opening devices in buildings with aeration systems must ensure that the incoming air can be directed upwards during the cold season and downwards during the warm season.

advantage aeration is that large volumes of air are moved in the production room without the use of mechanical means, which makes it much cheaper than mechanical ventilation systems. The disadvantages of aeration are the change in air exchange depending on the air temperature in industrial buildings and the meteorological parameters of the outside air, the impossibility of cleaning the outside air, the difficulty of regulating the parameters of the air in the room, in particular relative humidity, which must be maintained at a certain level. To compensate for individual shortcomings, a combination of natural and mechanical ventilation (combined ventilation) is used in various versions.

Depending on what the mechanical ventilation system is intended for, it is divided into supply (for supplying air to the working area), exhaust (for removing polluted air) and supply and exhaust with or without air recirculation. The advantage of mechanical ventilation is that the air moved by the fan can be heated, cooled, humidified and cleaned of harmful gases and dust.

Mechanical supply ventilation units (Figure 7 a) usually consist of an air intake device (air inlet) 1, installed outside the building in places of the least pollution; air ducts 2 through which air is supplied to the room; filters 3, used to clean the air from dust; heaters 4, in which the air is heated to the required temperature; fan 5; supply openings or nozzles 6 through which air is supplied to the room, and control devices that are installed in the air intake and on the branches of the air ducts.

Figure 7 Mechanical ventilation:

a - supply; b - exhaust; c - supply and exhaust

with recirculation

Mechanical exhaust ventilation units (Figure 7 b) usually consist of exhaust holes 7 or fan nozzles 5; air ducts 2; devices for cleaning air from dust, gases 8 and a device for air ejection (exhaust shaft) 9, which should be located 1-1.5 m above the roof ridge. In the mechanical supply and exhaust system (Figure 7 in) ventilation, both units operate simultaneously.

At the place of action, ventilation can be general exchange, when air is changed throughout the entire volume of the room, and local, due to which the state of the air environment is normalized only in places where people are located.

General ventilation is most often used in cases where harmful substances, heat, moisture are released evenly throughout the room. The amount of air required to ensure the standard parameters of the air environment in the working area must be determined by calculation, taking into account the uneven distribution of harmful substances, heat and moisture in the volume of the room. The air exchange required to remove excess heat (L, m 3 / h) is determined by the formula

L \u003d 3600 Q surplus / С × r × (t beats - t pr), (38)

where Q surf - excess heat, J/s; FROM- specific heat capacity of air, J / (kg × K); r- air density at 293 0 K, kg / m 3; t beats - temperature of the removed air, K; t pr– supply air temperature, K.

Required air exchange, based on the content of water vapor in the air ( L P, m 3 / h), determined by the expression

L P \u003d G P / (d beats - d pr) × r , (39)

where G P is the mass of water vapor released in the room, g/h; d beats– moisture content of the removed air, g/kg, dry air; d pr– moisture content of supply air, g/kg; r- supply air density, kg/m 3 .

Air exchange by the amount of emitted harmful substances is determined by the expression

L \u003d G / (C MPC - C 0), (40)

where G– intensity of formation of harmful substances, mg/h; With MPC and From 0- respectively, the maximum permissible concentrations of a harmful substance in the air and its content in the supply air, mg/m 3 .

When several types of hazards are released in the room, the required air exchange for each of them is determined, the resulting largest value is taken as the calculated one.

A characteristic of general ventilation is the rate of air exchange ( n), defined as the ratio of the volume of air supplied to ventilate the room in one hour (V in) to the volume of the ventilated room (V p).

N = V in / V p(41)

The air exchange rate shows how many times per hour the air in the room is exchanged.

When designing ventilation, it is necessary to provide for the removal of polluted air directly from the place of emission of harmful substances ( local ventilation) or from those areas of the room in which the maximum concentration of harmful substances or significant heat generation is observed. The device of local ventilation is reduced to the creation of various types of shelters for sources of harmful emissions or the creation of local exhausts built into technological equipment.

Local ventilation is exhaust and supply. Local exhaust ventilation system suit when pollution can be captured directly at the place of their occurrence. It consists of devices, the design of which, depending on the type of hazard, is different. These can be casings that completely or partially cover the source of harmful emissions, fume hoods with working windows for maintenance, exhaust hoods and side suctions (devices whose suction holes are close to the source of emissions). The suction of air directly from the equipment or from under the casing with which it is covered is called aspiration. The degree of vacuum created in aspiration systems should be the greater, the higher the toxicity of the removed harmfulness.

The volume flow rate of air removed from the fume hood with natural exhaust (L, m 3 / h) is determined by the expression

where h– height of the open opening of the cabinet, m; Q- the amount of heat generated in the cabinet, kcal / h; F- the area of \u200b\u200bthe open (working) opening of the cabinet, m 2.

With mechanical extraction

L = 3600 × F × V, (43)

where V– average suction speed in the sections of the open aperture, m/s.

Local supply ventilation in the form of air showers, they are arranged in hot shops to protect workers from overheating, and in the form of air-thermal curtains - to prevent the penetration of outside air into the premises during the cold season through opening gates or doors. Air and air-thermal curtains are calculated taking into account that at the time of opening the gates, doors and technological openings, the temperature of the air mixture entering the room is not lower than:

+ 14 0 C for industrial premises during light physical work (work of categories Ia and Ib with total energy consumption of 68 and 88 W / m 2, respectively);

+ 12 0 C for industrial premises during moderate work (work of category IIa and IIb with total energy consumption of 113 and 145 W / m 2, respectively);

· + 8 0 C for industrial premises during hard work (category III work with total energy consumption of 177 W / m 2);

+ 5 0 С for industrial premises during hard work (work category III) and the absence of permanent jobs at a distance of 3 m or less from external walls and 6 m or less from doors, gates and openings.

Of great importance for ensuring the safety of the operation of fire-explosive industries and industries associated with the use of toxic substances is emergency ventilation, which is an independent ventilation unit.

To automatically turn on emergency ventilation, it is blocked with automatic gas analyzers set either to the MPC value (toxic substances) or to the LEL value (explosive substances). In addition to automatic, manual switching is also provided, while the starting devices are taken out of the room.

Conditioning. When air conditioning is maintained in the working premises, optimal, permissible microclimate parameters at workplaces and the necessary microclimatic conditions according to the technological regulations are ensured. The mode of operation of air conditioning systems is usually maintained automatically using a special automatic control system. In some cases, when air conditioning is required to ensure high purity of its inflow. To do this, the air conditioner provides for air purification from dust, heating it (primary), processing in an irrigation chamber, secondary heating and, if necessary, mixing fresh outside air with a certain volume of air returned to the air conditioner directly from the room.

Despite some complexity, as well as the high cost of the device and operation, air conditioning systems make it possible to maintain such conditions in industrial premises under which it is possible to achieve high labor productivity, as well as create conditions for the optimal conduct of technological processes.

Heating. In industrial buildings, structures and premises of any purpose with permanent or long-term (more than 2 hours) stay of people, in premises during the main and repair and auxiliary works, as well as in premises where temperature maintenance is necessary due to technological conditions, an appropriate system should be provided heating to maintain the required indoor air temperatures during the cold season.

The heating system should compensate for heat losses through the building envelope and structures, by reducing the air temperature in the premises as a result of natural evaporation of moisture from open water surfaces, and also going to heat the air coming from outside. The calculation of the heating system is carried out taking into account the heat input from process equipment, communications, heated materials and products, people, artificial lighting and other sources.

The heating system, the type and parameters of the coolant, as well as the types of heating devices should be provided taking into account the thermal inertia of the building envelope and in accordance with the nature and purpose of buildings and structures (SNiP 2.04.05-91 * "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning").

Depending on the heat carrier used, heating systems are water, steam, air, gas and electric. The most effective in sanitary and hygienic terms are water and steam heating systems, where hot water and steam with a temperature of not more than 130 ° C are used as a heat carrier, respectively. However, these systems are also used with limitations. Their installation is not allowed in rooms where calcium carbide, potassium, sodium, lithium and other substances are stored or used that can ignite, explode or decompose with the release of explosive concentrations when interacting with water, as well as in rooms where release into air or deposition on the surface of building structures and equipment of substances capable of self-ignition when touched with hot surfaces of heating devices and pipelines.

The surfaces of heating devices in all cases should not have a temperature above 150 ° C. If there is non-explosive, organic, combustible, non-poisonous dust in the premises, this temperature should not exceed 110 ° C. Heating appliances should have a smooth surface that is convenient for systematic cleaning.

The safest is air heating, in which the air is heated in heaters. In such systems, hot water or steam is usually used as the heat transfer medium. However, in some cases, it is allowed to use gas for air heating (in buildings of I and II degrees of fire resistance with production of categories G and D, provided that combustion products are removed directly to the outside) and electric energy (electric heaters).

According to the method of air supply and distribution, the air heating system can be central (usually combined with supply ventilation) and local, in which heating and air supply to a certain place in the room is carried out by special heating units.

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In the conditions of the cold season, autonomous heating of the production premises provides the employees of the enterprise with comfortable working conditions. The normalization of the temperature regime also has a beneficial effect on the safety of buildings, machine tools and equipment. Heating systems, with the unity of the task facing them, have technological differences. Some use hot water boilers for heating industrial premises, while others use compact heaters. Consider the specifics of industrial heating and the effectiveness of the use of various systems.

Requirements for heating industrial premises

At low temperatures, heating of industrial premises, as required by labor protection, should be carried out in cases where the time spent by workers there exceeds 2 hours. The only exceptions are premises in which the permanent stay of people is not necessary (for example, rarely visited warehouses). Also, they do not heat structures, being inside of which is equivalent to carrying out work outside buildings. However, even here it is necessary to provide for the presence of special devices for heating workers.

Labor protection imposes a number of sanitary and hygienic requirements on the heating of industrial premises:

heating indoor air to a comfortable temperature;
the ability to regulate the temperature due to the amount of heat released;
inadmissibility of air pollution with harmful gases and unpleasant odors (especially for furnace heating of industrial premises);
the desirability of combining the heating process with ventilation;
ensuring fire and explosion safety;
reliability of the heating system during operation and ease of repair.

Heating calculation

To carry out a thermal calculation, before planning any industrial heating, you need to use the standard method.

Qt (kW/h) =V*∆T *K/860

V - the internal area of the room in need of heating (W * D * H);

∆ T - the value of the difference between the outside and the desired inside temperature;

K - coefficient of heat loss;

860 - recalculation per kWh.

The heat loss coefficient, which is included in the calculation of the heating system for industrial premises, varies depending on the type of building and the level of its thermal insulation. The lower the thermal insulation, the higher the value of the coefficient.

Steam heating of industrial buildings

The steam heating method is optimal if the production room needs to be heated or lowered periodically. The method is more effective than the water method.

The following shortcomings are distinguished:

there is a lot of noise during operation;
it is difficult to regulate the flow of steam;
the steam method is not recommended for use in rooms with aerosols, combustible gases, strong dust.

Water heating of industrial facilities

Water heating is appropriate if there is a private boiler room nearby or if there is a central water supply. The main component in this case will be an industrial heating boiler, which can run on gas, electricity or solid fuel.

air circulates freely throughout the room;
heat is distributed evenly;
a person can actively work in conditions with water heating, it is absolutely safe.

air heating

Most enterprises during the existence of the Soviet Union used a convection heating system for industrial buildings. The difficulty of using this method lies in the fact that, according to the laws of physics, warm air rises, while the part of the room located near the floor remains less heated.

Today, more rational heating is provided by an air heating system for industrial premises.

Operating principle

Hot air, which is preheated in the heat generator through air ducts, is transferred to the heated part of the building. Distribution heads are used to distribute thermal energy throughout the space. In some cases, fans are installed, which can be replaced by portable equipment, including a heat gun.

Advantages

It should be noted that such heating can be combined with various supply ventilation and air conditioning systems. This is what makes it possible to heat huge complexes, which could not be achieved before.

This method is widely used in the heating of warehouse complexes, as well as indoor sports facilities. In addition, this method in most cases is the only possible one, since it has the highest level of fire safety.

Flaws

Naturally, there were some negative properties. For example, the installation of air heating will cost a pretty penny to the owners of the enterprise.

Not only do the fans, necessary for normal operation, cost a lot, but they also consume huge amounts of electricity, since their performance reaches several thousand cubic meters per hour.

infrared heating

Not every company is ready to spend a lot of money on an air heating system, so many prefer to use a different method. Infrared industrial heating is becoming more and more popular every day.

Principle of operation

The infrared burner operates on the principle of flameless combustion of air located on the porous part of the ceramic surface. The ceramic surface is distinguished by the fact that it is capable of emitting a whole spectrum of waves that are concentrated in the infrared region.

A feature of these waves is their high degree of permeability, that is, they can freely pass through air currents in order to transfer their energy to a certain place. The flow of infrared radiation is directed to a predetermined area through various reflectors.

Therefore, heating industrial premises using such a burner allows for maximum comfort. In addition, this method of heating makes it possible to heat both individual work areas and entire buildings.

Main advantages

At the moment, it is the use of infrared heaters that is considered the most modern and progressive method of heating industrial buildings due to the following positive characteristics:

rapid heating of the room;
low power consumption;
high efficiency;
compact equipment and easy installation.

By making the right calculation, you can install a powerful, economical and independent heating system of the enterprise that does not need constant maintenance.

Scope of application

It should be noted that such equipment is used, among other things, for heating poultry houses, greenhouses, cafe terraces, auditoriums, shopping and sports halls, as well as various bituminous coatings for technological purposes.

The whole effect of the operation of an infrared burner can be felt in those rooms that are distinguished by large volumes of cold air. The compactness and mobility of such equipment makes it possible to maintain the temperature at a certain level, depending on the technological need and the time of day.

Safety

Many are concerned about the issue of safety, since they associate the word "radiation" with radiation and harmful effects on human health. In fact, the operation of infrared heaters is completely safe for both humans and equipment located in the room.

SNiP norms for heating industrial premises

Heating a production facility is no easy task. The thing is that, unlike residential buildings, such objects are usually built under some kind of technological process, and their dimensions are impressive. So, quite often there are even such industrial premises, the dimensions of which are several thousand square meters. And the height of the ceilings is 20-25 meters. However, the work area that really needs to be heated is often only 2 square meters. So how to heat such an industrial room?

Should traditional methods be used here - air or water heating? The efficiency of such systems when used in huge workshops will be minimal, and is unlikely to give the desired effect. But the cost of their maintenance will be simply unbearable for the enterprise, and hundreds of meters of metal pipes will quickly become covered with rust. But which option then to choose, or leave the production workshops without heating at all?

Which autonomous heating of the industrial premises to choose

But first you need to decide on the types of industrial premises, their characteristics and functions. So, most often there are warehouses, workshops and actually industrial buildings. When choosing effective heating, one should take into account the features of such systems, which include:

maximum efficiency;
the possibility of heating rooms with large areas;
heaters should, if possible, heat the air both inside and outside.

In addition, the choice of the desired system, as a rule, is influenced by such factors as the specifics of the production process and the cost of equipment, as well as much, much more. Next, we will consider in more detail the pros and cons of each possible option.

This type of heating is quite often used in industrial buildings. It has both its advantages and disadvantages. The first ones include:

constantly high air temperature - from 100 degrees and above;
how to heat and cool the room after work as quickly as possible;
the number of storeys of the object does not matter, since steam heating can be equipped in a building with any number of floors;
small dimensions of the main pipeline and heating equipment.

This is an ideal option for heating production periodically. Moreover, such systems are better suited for industrial facilities than heating using water as a heat carrier.

The disadvantages of this type of heating include:

strong noise during operation;
it is extremely difficult to control the steam flow, and, consequently, the heat transfer.

Depending on the choice of fuel, such an installation can now cost from 32,000 to 86,000 rubles for a medium-sized industrial enterprise with a total area of up to five hundred square meters and a ceiling height of up to three meters. However, steam heating should not be used in facilities where combustible gases, dust and aerosol are released into the air.

Water heating systems for industrial premises

In this case, the local boiler house of the enterprise or even district heating can become the source of heat. At the same time, the main element of such a system is a special boiler that runs on gas, electricity or solid fuel. Of course, it is best to choose gas or coal as the latter, but the latter option will be somewhat more expensive. Other types of fuel will cost the organization much more, and therefore it is hardly advisable to use them.

Features of water thermal installations

When using water as a heat carrier for heating a building, the following features of such systems should be taken into account:

constant high pressure;
high temperatures;
are used mainly for moderate heating of objects (the average temperature should be kept at plus ten degrees), if this, of course, does not harm the production process.

Such heating can be made both local and centralized; and it is distinguished by the following features:

air masses are constantly in motion;
the air is regularly changed and cleaned;
more evenly distributed throughout the rooms and temperature;
harmless to humans.

Heated air enters the workshop through air ducts, where it is moved with the existing one. Moreover, most of it then passes through special filters, heats up again and is used. Thus, energy losses are minimized. In addition, such a system ensures the supply of air from outside, which already meets sanitary standards. However, if some harmful substances are released into the atmosphere during the production process, then such a recycling system is unlikely to be effective and safe. In this case, you will have to completely remove all the air that comes out.

Note that when using local air heating, the heat source is located in the center of the building. As the latter, BOA, heat guns, and the like are usually taken. However, only the air inside can be processed in this way, and fresh air masses will not enter.

Air solar collector

Heating systems using electricity

If the size of the production premises is small, then maximum comfort for workers can be achieved using electric infrared emitters, which, by the way, are often installed in warehouses. However, the main devices for such systems are still the so-called thermal curtains. We add that the cost of heating with electricity costs the company about 500,000 rubles per season.

Ceiling systems

Ceiling heating systems are very popular now. Moreover, special radiant heating is widely used not only at production facilities, but also in greenhouses, greenhouses, and even in residential buildings. Such heating differs, first of all, in that not only the air in the room is heated, but also the floor, walls, and even all objects located in the building. Note, and other advantages of ceiling systems:

long service life;
little space is required to accommodate them;
the equipment weighs little, and its installation is simple;
suitable for any space.

Experts believe that such systems should be used at facilities with insufficient use of electricity. A noticeable plus is also considered the speed of heating the room. And if this factor plays a decisive role, radiant panels are ideal for a production room.

How to choose the right heating scheme

However, no matter how good ceiling radiant heating systems are, it will be problematic to apply them to Soviet-era buildings. The thing is that the buildings of that time already had large heat losses. Therefore, for such objects, a more economical option is often chosen, for example, using alternative fuel. However, when choosing a specific scheme, one should also take into account the fact that there are SNiP norms for heating industrial premises:

the project should be done taking into account the heat costs for heating air, equipment and objects, as well as other heat losses; moreover, the latter can be no more than 3 degrees of difference between the air temperature inside and outside the room;
permissible parameters of the coolant used - 1.0 MPa of pressure and plus 90 degrees of temperature;
it is preferable to use water as a heat carrier if it is not possible to justify the use of other liquids;
when heated by electricity, the entire facility must meet the relevant requirements;
as a rule, landings are not heated;
gas equipment is used only when the products of gas combustion are removed in a closed way.