Felt cherry "Natalie": photo, description of the variety, reviews. Felt cherry - varieties, planting and care in the garden Felt cherry, planting and care, varieties

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Felt cherry, planting and care, varieties

Felt cherry (Chinese) has many advantages; planting and caring for it does not require special skills and abilities. Stable good yield, the possibility of bearing fruit in the second year after planting, resistance to frost, and decorativeness make it possible to grow the crop in many climatic zones. Photos, reviews and descriptions of the variety can be found below.

Rules for planting crops

Felt cherry can be planted in spring and autumn. Preferably spring planting, the plants have time to take root well and get stronger before the onset of frost. In spring, cherries are planted before the buds open. In autumn, planting is carried out no later than the end of September. There are several basic principles, using which, good development and delicious harvest will not keep you waiting:

The place for planting should be sunny, without stagnant water. Close proximity to groundwater;
Cherry grows well on loamy, sandy loam soils, peat bogs. Heavy lands with stagnant water, lowlands are not suitable for cultivation;
In a designated area, a hole is dug 0.5 meters deep and 80 centimeters wide;
A mixture of fertile soil, three buckets of humus (), a tablespoon of superphosphate, 300-400 grams is poured into the bottom of the hole dolomite flour(can be replaced with lime);
The seedling is installed vertically, covered with earth, without deepening the root collar;
Planted cherry trees are watered abundantly with water (20-40 liters).

in the photo - planting a felt cherry tree

Experienced gardeners recommend planting crops on ridges (mounds) so that water during warm winters and spring floods did not stagnate at the root collar. This can lead to the death of the plant. It is recommended to fill the root zone around the neck with coarse sand, protecting the microcherry from damping out.

Attention! A prerequisite is to plant two felt trees side by side, maintaining a distance of one meter. The peculiarity of bush cherries is that they are self-sterile (self-pollination is impossible). A cross variety is definitely needed; mid-season varieties, Natalie and Skazka, are best suited.

How to care for plantings

Basic care is proper feeding, timely pruning, pest and disease control. Felt cherry trees begin to be fertilized in the second year of planting. The need for these actions improves fruiting and quality of berries. With the onset of early spring, they introduce nitrogen fertilizers(20 g of urea or ammonium nitrate), phosphorus (15-20 grams of superphosphate). Potassium fertilizers (20 grams of potassium sulfate) should also be applied in the fall.

In the spring, sanitary and regulatory pruning of felt (Chinese) cherry trees is carried out annually, and rejuvenation is done from the fifth year. The cherry begins to bear fruit quite quickly, by this time the tree must be formed. Remove old, diseased, damaged, dried and inward branches. In the first year, young annual seedlings are pruned at a height of 0.4-0.5 meters. Annual shoots are left, they are the ones that bear fruit and give a good harvest. From the second year of growth, all side branches are cut to a third of their length, the center of the crown is thinned out, and 10-12 strong shoots are left.

in the photo - felt cherry after autumn pruning in the photo - the harvest of felt cherries, after the formation of the bush

Microcherries are often affected by diseases; the most dangerous is considered to be moniliosis (monilial burn), in which the tips of the shoots, flowers, and ovaries of the felt cherry dry out. It is necessary to remove the affected shoots 10-15 centimeters more and burn them. It is recommended to treat the disease biological drug Alirin-B can be used throughout the entire growing season.

A common pest is the pocket mite, which produces warts on the leaves. In an efficient way Scalding cherries with boiling water in the spring until the buds are swollen is considered a method of combating. The procedure can be repeated in the fall after leaf fall. The mite lays eggs in early July and leaves the plants at the end. This month it is necessary to spray with drugs (Karbofos, Aktara, Karate).

The best and most popular varieties

Stable high yield is a virtue and distinctive feature felt cherry. Average The yield is 4-10 kg per tree, the maximum can reach 20 kilograms. Microcherry is self-sterile, it is recommended to grow several different varieties for good pollination:

Variety Damanka It is a late ripening variety, ripening in late July and early August. New variety with large fruits, excellent taste characteristics, recognized as the best of the variety of felt varieties. The maximum yield is 10 kilograms;

in the photo - felt (Chinese) cherry variety Damanka

Variety Alice grows as a low bush up to one and a half meters. Cherry is winter-hardy, drought-resistant, and exhibits good disease resistance. Rich dark fruits burgundy color, sweet and sour, ripen in mid-July;

in the photo - felt cherry variety Alice

Variety Natalie vigorous, trees reach a height of 1.8-2 meters. Large dark red fruits begin to ripen on July 17-20. The yield of one plant is 5-7 kilograms. Frost-resistant variety, flowers tolerate small spring frosts;

in the photo - felt cherry variety Natalie

Variety Tsarevna short (up to 1.5 meters). Delicious sweet and sour berries ripen in the twentieth of July. Felt trees They begin to bear fruit two years after the seedlings are planted. Productivity at proper care reaches nine kilograms.

in the photo - wild cherry variety Tsarevna

When buying felt cherry seedlings, pay attention to the varieties Ogonyok, Children's, Delight, Vostochnaya, Krasavitsa, Skazka, Okeanskaya Virovskaya, Zhelannaya, Urozhaynaya, Belaya. A beautiful fruitful felt cherry can grow in your garden, correct landing and care will give a generous harvest.

Felt cherry on their suburban areas grown by many summer residents. Accordingly, selection work with this crop is being carried out quite actively. Experts have bred many varieties of felt cherries. Many of them are popular with gardeners. And one of the most productive is the felt cherry "Natalie". Owner reviews suburban areas she deserved simply excellent ones.

Benefits of growing

Before we start talking about the Natalie variety, let's figure out what advantages the felt cherry itself has in comparison with the usual one. Summer residents include primarily the following advantages of this variety:

High decorative qualities. Such cherries can be grown not only to obtain good harvests, but also to decorate the site. Very often, felt varieties are used, for example, to create borders and hedges.
High degree of frost resistance. Almost all felt varieties of cherries are excellent for growing not only in the Central regions of Russia, but also in the Urals or Siberia.
Early ripeness. The fruits of felt cherries ripen about 1.5 weeks earlier than ordinary ones.
Convenient harvesting. Unlike ordinary cherries, the fruits of felt varieties practically do not crumble when overripe. In addition, this variety never grows too tall. In this case, it is not necessary to stretch or use a stepladder to get fruits from the upper branches.

Of course, the felt cherry variety “Natalie” also has all these advantages.

Benefits of fruits

Actually, the felt cherry berries themselves are not only characterized by excellent taste. The fruits of this crop are also very beneficial for human health. Besides various kinds organic acids, their composition includes substances such as carbohydrates and vitamins. In terms of the percentage of iron, felt cherry berries are superior even to apples.

Who developed the variety "Natalie"

Russian summer residents have been growing this variety of felt cherry for a very long time. This variety was bred by domestic specialists in 1979. Work on it was carried out at the Far Eastern Experimental Station VNIIR. It was also used as a parent productive variety"Summer". Several varieties of cherries were used to pollinate its flowers. These were “Ogonyok”, “Red Sweet” and “Damanka”. Breeders N.A. and V.P. Tsarenko were engaged in breeding the felt cherry variety “Natalie”. It was included in the state register in 1997. Since then, this variety has enjoyed constant popularity among summer residents.

Felt cherry "Natalie": general description

Unlike many other varieties of felt cherries, "Natalie" bushes grow quite tall - up to 1.8 m. Characteristic feature This variety also has a wide spreading crown of an ovoid or slightly flattened shape. The bushes of the Natalie variety do not look too dense. Their crown is very well ventilated.

Annual shoots of "Natalie" are pubescent and have light brown color. The gray bark on perennial branches is slightly peeling. The buds on the shoots of the Natalie variety are formed in threes at a time and have a pointed shape. The leaf blades that grow from them are dark green, elongated, and corrugated. On the upper side they, like the shoots, are pubescent. Their petioles are not too long and have stipules.

The flowers of the "Natalie" variety are not particularly large - they reach only about 2.5 cm in diameter. They are saucer-shaped. Each flower has five snow-white petals, one pistil and 27 stamens. The calyx of each flower is cylindrical in shape and pubescent on the outside.

The flowering and fruiting of the felt cherry "Natalie" is continuous along the branch.

Features of the variety

Cherry "Natalie" belongs to the early ripening self-sterile varieties. It blooms around May 10-18. You can harvest from the bushes of this variety as early as July 13-18. In addition to early ripening, summer residents also include the favorable ripening of fruits as an advantage of this variety. Own-rooted seedlings"Natalie" begins to produce harvests in 3-4 years. Once grafted, it will be possible to pick berries in the second year. It usually grows in the Natalie garden until it is 18 years old.

The yield indicators of this variety are very high - up to 9 kg per bush. Another advantage of this cherry is its frost resistance. In winter, the branches practically do not freeze. Spring frosts do not have any effect on the flowers of this plant. This variety is also drought resistant. However, it is highly not recommended to over-water the Natalie cherry. Otherwise she may dry out.

With regard to the resistance of this variety to various kinds of diseases, summer residents have mainly only positive reviews. For example, the Natalie cherry almost never becomes infected with coccomycosis or clusterosporiasis. Over-watering this variety, among other things, is not recommended because in this case the plant may develop moniliosis.

Felt cherry "Natalie" has another important advantage. Judging by the reviews of summer residents and the manufacturer’s statement, it is very easily propagated by green cuttings. It is believed that this high-yielding variety is best suited for cultivation in intensive gardens, nurseries and hobbyist plots.

Fruit

The description of felt cherry "Natalie" given above allows us to judge it as quite unpretentious. Among other things, the bushes of this crop, in comparison with other varieties, grow very large berries. Their average weight is 4 grams. The fruits of the felt cherry "Natalie" are dark red in color. Skin ripe berries covered with short hairs. The pulp of the fruits of this variety is cartilaginous, dense, and juicy. According to many farmers, its taste is simply excellent. The juice of the fruit is red, sweet and sour.

Judging by the description of the felt cherry variety "Natalie" (the photo on the page also confirms this), its berries are really different large sizes. It is believed that the fruits of this crop are excellent for both processing and consumption. fresh. If desired, you can make not only jam, preserves, compote or marshmallow from the berries of this cherry. Many owners summer cottages They make very tasty wine from them.

How to choose the right landing site

In the garden, it is advisable to place the felt cherry "Natalie" on the very sunny area. This will allow you to obtain maximum yields in the future. The advantages of this variety, among other things, include its undemanding nature regarding soil composition. Cherry "Natalie" will grow well on almost any soil. But it is best to choose an area with fertile and easy soil for it. mechanical composition soil. A prerequisite for this is the absence of nearby groundwater.

"Natalie" is a self-sterile variety. This means that growing only one seedling in the garden is pointless. In this case, it will be impossible to obtain a harvest. Next to “Natalie”, for example, other felt cherries must grow. In this case, its flowers will produce many ovaries. Among other things, this variety has one very interesting feature. Its flowers can also be pollinated by related fruit crops. For example, cherry plum and plum are good pollinators of the Natalie felt cherry.

Where to get planting material

You can grow "Natalie" on a plot either from a seedling or from a seed. But the first option is still preferable. The fact is that the seeds of the Natalie cherry need to be stratified before planting. Otherwise, they simply won’t sprout. Stratification is a rather troublesome procedure. But if you wish, of course, you can try this planting option. In any case, “Natalie”, like almost any other felt cherry, does not lose varietal qualities when grown from seed.

Seedlings of the Natalie variety can be purchased at almost any nursery. Cherry is really quite old and popular among summer residents.

How to plant

The hole for the Natalie felt cherry should be dug quite large. The optimal indicators for its depth and diameter will be approximately 50 cm. The soil mixture for the seedling is prepared by mixing fertile garden soil with rotted manure. To feed the plant at first, a little slaked lime and some kind of complex fertilizer are also added.

The roots of the seedling itself are cut to about 20 cm. This ensures their better development in the future. The seedling prepared in this way is lowered into a clay mash. The soil mixture is poured into the hole in a not too thick layer. Next, install the seedling and cover it with prepared soil.

In order for the felt cherry "Natalie" to take root well, it needs to be planted at the same depth as in the nursery. On final stage Make a cushion of soil around the plant and water it thoroughly.

Felt cherry "Natalie": features of growing in the garden

In order for the plant to consistently produce good harvests, it, of course, needs to be watered and fertilized on time. Also, cherry "Natalie" requires periodic pruning. It is necessary to loosen the soil under the plants. But this procedure should be performed as carefully as possible. The fact is that the “Natalie” cherry has a root system located quite close to the surface. And therefore, it is easy to damage it during the loosening process.

How to fertilize correctly

In spring, felt cherry "Natalie" is usually fed with mineral products. In this case, a complex composition is used, intended for berry crops. For good development, cherries require both potassium (about 20-30 grams per plant), phosphorus (70-80 g), and nitrogen (30-50 g). In the fall, it is advisable to feed this variety with organic matter. Well-rotted horse or cow manure is best suited for Natalie cherries. You can also use compost. In any case, you need to pour about four buckets under each plant. organic fertilizer. This variety is usually fed in the fall immediately after pruning.

Felt cherry "Natalie" produces the best yields on neutral soils. Therefore, the soil underneath should be limed from time to time. This procedure is carried out approximately once every 5 years. In this case, about 200-300 grams of lime per 1 m 2 are used.

How to water

Excess moisture is, as already mentioned, something that felt cherry “Natalie” really doesn’t like. Photos of healthy bushes of this crop are presented on the page. Poured cherry "Natalie" looks completely different. The beginning of damping off of this crop in the early stages can be determined, for example, by rotting of the root collar. In any case, Natalie should be watered moderately. It is necessary to moisten the soil under this plant mainly only during drought. Typically, bushes are watered no more than three to four times per season (about once every 1-1.5 months).

It is believed that it is best to moisten the soil under "Natalie" by sprinkling. This is explained primarily by the superficial occurrence of the root system. Using a hose, it can be easily washed. Actually, sprinkling itself should be carried out exclusively in the evening or morning. Otherwise, it will be possible to “burn” the leaves of the plant.

Crown formation

The description of the felt cherry variety "Natalie" given above allows us to judge it as a fairly tall plant. This culture is actually developing very quickly. The same goes for her aging. Therefore, "Natalie", like almost any other felt cherry, needs regular pruning. The technology of this procedure depends primarily on the age of the plant. The branches of two and one-year-old seedlings are cut off in the spring by about 1/3-1/4 if their length exceeds 60 cm. At the same time, all excess shoots are removed from the bush. Ultimately, the plant should have about 10-12 of the strongest branches left.

In subsequent years, in the spring, they mainly do only the sanitary "Natalie". That is, all frozen, dried and improperly growing branches are removed from the bushes.

At the age of 6-7 years, the felt cherry "Natalie", like many other varieties, may begin to experience a decline in yield. To prevent this from happening, you should do anti-aging pruning of the bushes. At the same time, in the center of the crown of each plant, all old branches of the first and second orders are removed “in a ring”. Subsequently, new young shoots will begin to grow on the cherry next to the cuts. In the future they will produce good harvests.

In one place, the Natalie cherry can germinate for up to 18 years. However experienced gardeners It is advised to change plants at the age of fifteen. Older cherries, unfortunately, do not produce particularly good harvests.

When pruning "Natalie", it is advisable, among other things, to use garden varnish. They cover the “stumps” with it immediately after removing the branches.

Diseases and their treatment

The most dangerous diseases of felt cherries are, according to many experienced gardeners, cleasterosporiasis and monilial burn. The felt cherry "Natalie", as already mentioned, is quite resistant to the first type of infection. The risk of her getting sick is quite high. This infection in Natalie cherries can be determined primarily by the presence of dried brown shoots in the crown. Moniliosis is dangerous primarily because its manifestations are very easy to mistake for freezing during spring frosts or burns when using insecticides.

Cure felt cherry moniliosis "Natalie" traditional methods it won't work. The gardener will have to use a complex technique using chemicals. Treatment of this disease includes several mandatory measures:

pruning infected branches;
autumn cleaning of fallen leaves from under bushes;
regular treatment with copper-containing preparations.

Homeland of felt cherry - Southeast Asia where it grows in nature. In Russian Far East To this day, it is the felt cherry that is considered a cherry, and its ungrafted seedlings can be found in every garden. However, how fruit crop Felt cherry is more recognized in the gardens of Europe and North America, although it only got there in the middle of the 20th century.

It appeared in the European part of Russia thanks to Ivan Vladimirovich Michurin, who acclimatized the seedlings and bred the first large-fruited form of Ando.

Felt cherry in the garden is:
early fruiting and ripening 1-1.5 weeks earlier than ordinary cherries
increased winter hardiness and frost resistance
decorativeness and stable annual harvest
resistance to coccomycosis
absence of root suckers.

Sweet juicy fruits Children especially love them; they ripen early - in early July and are easily accessible on low bushes.
Felt cherry is very early in fruiting. Grafted annuals begin to bear fruit in the 2nd year after planting, and seedlings grown from seeds - in the 3rd-4th year of life.

The average yield of an adult bush is about 8 kg, but with good care you can get a lot more. Fruiting is annual, on annual shoots. Gives good harvests for 10 years.

Felt cherry fruits are good fresh and for processing into jam, syrups, juices, and compotes.
They are useful for anemia and heart disease. -vascular diseases. Calm down nervous system. IN folk medicine They are used as a diaphoretic, antipyretic, anti-cold and laxative; in addition, they increase appetite and have antiseptic properties.

According to the flowering period, felt cherry varieties are divided into early, mid and late flowering. In places where possible return frosts, early flowering varieties should not be planted. For example, for the Moscow region, where flowering begins in the first ten days of May, late varieties are preferred.

In years with prolonged warm autumn In felt cherries, the growth of annual shoots is delayed and they do not have time to fully ripen. Unripe parts freeze or die from winter drying, but this affects the growing season and the productivity of the entire bush. great influence does not provide.

Felt cherry is very weakly affected by clusterosporia and is resistant to coccomycosis. And this disease is simply the scourge of common cherries; because of it, up to 80% of the crop often dies.

The best varieties of felt cherries

TRIANA. Winter-hardy, mid-season, self-sterile variety. Medium sized bush. The fruits are wide-oval, dark pink, weighing up to 4 g. Average yield is about 10 kg per bush > Resistant to fungal diseases.

TSAREVNA. Mid-season, winter-hardy variety. Bush about 1 m high, with a wide oval crown. During the fruiting period, it is strewn with bright pink shiny large cherries weighing up to 4 g. Productivity is up to 10 kg per bush. The fruits are juicy, tasty, and rich in vitamins.

CHILDREN'S. Winter-hardy variety early ripening. Medium sized bush. The fruits are round, bright red, weighing 3-4 g, sweet. Resistant to fungal diseases.
AUTUMN VIROVSKAYA. Medium ripening variety, drought and winter hardy. Bushes up to 1.8 m high with a spreading, wide-oval crown. Fruiting is abundant. The fruits are bright, shiny, dark red, almost burgundy, weighing about 3 g. The taste is sweet and sour, the pulp is juicy. Resistant to diseases.

NATALIE. A beautiful cherry with a wide oval crown about 1.8 m high. During the fruiting period, the branches are strewn with ruby fruits, effectively contrasting with the dark green, wrinkled, heavily pubescent leaves. The fruits weigh about 4 g, tasty, with high content vitamins The variety is early ripening, drought-resistant, winter-hardy, and is weakly affected by diseases.
OCEANSKAYA VIROVSKAYA. Late ripening variety. The bush is large, medium branching. The fruits are medium-sized, with dense pulp, sweet and sour, burgundy in color. You can collect up to 10 kg from a bush.
DAMANKA. New late variety felt cherry with large, tasty sweet and sour fruits of burgundy color. Productivity up to 10 kg per bush.

WHITE. True to its name, this is a one-of-a-kind albino hybrid. The fruits have white skin, white flesh and even a white seed. They are small (about 2.5 g), sweet and sour. The variety is mid-season, without any special merits, but decorative, grows well in the Moscow region and is interesting as an exotic.

By selecting varieties of early, medium and late ripening, you can collect fresh fruits for a whole month or even longer.
Large selection in the online store of seeds and seedlings:

Growing felt cherries

Felt cherry is light-loving; for it, choose an open sunny place with fertile, light, well-drained soil of neutral reaction. Acidic soils she can't stand it. If necessary, 1-2 years before planting, lime the soil to bring the pH to 5.5-6.0.

On clay soils and in low places, the root collar of the felt cherry can become supported in winter, and then the above-ground part dies. However, it is possible for new shoots to grow from the root.

Plants are drought-resistant; excess moisture has a bad effect on their growth and impairs overwintering. All varieties of felt cherries are winter-hardy and can withstand frosts down to -30 °C. However, for flower buds in winter period Temperature changes are dangerous when, after prolonged thaws, cold weather sets in again. Frosts during the flowering period can destroy the flowers.

For high-quality cross-pollination, at least three varieties of felt cherries must be planted on the site. Despite its external similarity, it does not cross-pollinate with the common cherry, as some gardeners mistakenly believe.

It is better to plant in the spring at the most early dates- before the buds swell, but it can also be done in the fall - at the end of September. Root collar seedlings should be at soil surface level. The distance between plants is about 2 m.

When caring for felt cherries, the tree trunk circles are loosened to a shallow depth and then mulched. Root system it is superficial and is located in the soil at a depth of about 40 cm.

Feeding. Plants need annual feeding. After flowering along the edge tree trunk circles Fertilizers are applied; each bush requires 5-7 kg of organic matter, 70 g of phosphorus, 30 g of nitrogen and 40 g of potassium. The effectiveness of fertilizers is higher if you lime the soil once every five years: 200-300 g/m2 of dolomite flour for autumn digging.

Trimming. Crown formation begins immediately after planting. Annual seedlings are shortened to 40 cm above the soil surface. After planting, two-year-olds leave 5-6 main side branches; shortening them by a quarter, cutting out the rest. In the future, the bushes are regularly thinned out, and from the 7-8th year of life, anti-aging pruning is carried out.

Felt cherry is sometimes planted as a border along paths, trimming the bushes at a height of 60-80 cm above the ground.

The main pests are aphids (cherry and plum) and scale insects. You can cope with them with the help of fufanon and actellik.

Felt cherry is loved by birds, and it often has to be protected with a net or lutrasil

The most common diseases: leaf spot, moniliosis, gray fruit rot. For
Prevention and treatment include early spring spraying with 3% Bordeaux mixture and repeated spraying before flowering with 1% or copper oxychloride.

Reproduction

Felt cherry is propagated by seeds, layering, green and lignified cuttings, as well as grafting.
At seed propagation it retains all the main characteristics of the mother plant and produces the most resilient offspring. Seeds are harvested from productive and large-fruited specimens.
Before sowing in the fall, the seeds are stored in damp sand or sawdust to prevent them from drying out. In the second half of October, they are sown in a school bed to a depth of about 3 cm and the surface is mulched with peat.

Throughout the next season, the seedlings are well looked after - watered, fed, weeded. If by autumn they grow to 60-80 cm, they can be used for planting. Weak seedlings will have to be grown for another year. In the greenhouse you are guaranteed to get planting material felt cherry in one season.

More seedlings are planted in the garden than necessary, so that after the first fruiting the best ones in terms of yield and size of fruits are selected.

Green cuttings of felt cherry take root well in a greenhouse with constant moisture. Best term for cuttings - the third decade of July, when the shoots are already half mature. Cuttings are cut with three internodes and 3-4 leaves, bottom sheet removed when planting.
A mixture is used as a substrate river sand with peat in a 1:1 ratio.

When breeding lignified cuttings they are harvested in the second half of September from annual shoots at least 0.5 cm thick. The cutting length is 20-22 cm.
The cuttings are tied into bunches and stored until spring in the basement, half buried in damp sawdust or sand. In the spring, before planting, they are soaked in solutions of growth regulators that promote rooting (heteroauxin 150 mg/l or indolylbutyric acid 30 mg/l). The cuttings are grown in a greenhouse with regular moisture and ventilation.

Reproduction by horizontal layering carried out in the same way as currants and gooseberries.
Valuable varieties are propagated by grafting, mainly by budding. Felt cherry can be grafted onto its own seedlings, as well as onto Ussuri plum, sloe, and cherry plum. Grafting on common cherries, steppe cherries and sweet cherries fails. Optimal time budding - late July - early August. The cuttings are grafted onto the bug rootstock VVA-1, plum and apricot seedlings.

The long-awaited harvest

Cherries are collected as they ripen without stems. Already ripe, they may not fall off the branches for a month and not lose their consumer qualities, but when picked they spoil very quickly even in the refrigerator.

This is why felt cherries are not sold in markets and stores. It has to be recycled immediately.
The stone is small and difficult to separate from the pulp. Jam from this berry uses less sugar than from ordinary cherries.

Based on materials from the newspaper Priusadny Vestnik