Technology of growing roses in greenhouses. Purchase and preparation of seedlings for planting. The Floribunda variety is an unpretentious beauty

You can at least grow roses in a greenhouse all year round, only from December to February, due to the need for artificial additional illumination of plants, this activity can be very expensive. Therefore, floriculture farms usually begin forcing roses in February, receiving beautiful flowers for nine months - from March until November.

What roses are suitable for greenhouse cultivation?

What a pity that summer flies by quickly, and best case scenario we have the opportunity to enjoy the beautiful blooming of roses from June to September! For those who do not agree to say goodbye to royal flowers until the next season, there are two options: growing roses at home in pots or growing roses in a greenhouse. The last option may also become good source income if you correctly draw up a business plan and organize sales of roses grown for cutting.

Not every variety of rose will feel great and produce beautiful flowers in a greenhouse.

Successful cultivation of roses in a greenhouse is determined by:

• selected varieties of roses,
• properties of the substrate,
• correct landing seedlings while maintaining the required planting density,
• sufficient watering,
• regular applying fertilizers,
• caring for roses, including timely cutting of shoots and pruning of bushes.

Video about growing roses in greenhouses

Not every variety of rose will feel great and produce beautiful flowers in a greenhouse. Best results flower growers succeed in growing grandiflora, floribunda, miniature and hybrid tea varieties. The resulting flowers are of high quality and attractive presentation.

It is advisable to choose varieties that are resistant to powdery mildew and other common diseases of roses. For example, Queen Elizabeth or Rose Gojard. Of the hybrid tea varieties, the ones most often planted in greenhouses are white roses Pascali, golden yellow Casanova, orange-red Baccara and bright pink Carina, and among miniature varieties The most popular are the dark orange Skarlet Gem roses, the red Beauty Secret roses and the red and yellow Little Flirt roses. Varieties that do not require intense light are well suited for winter growing: salmon-orange roses Zorina, red Better times and yellow Geheimrat Duisberg.

Suitable for cultivation in greenhouses: own root roses, and vaccinated. Roses on their own roots in a greenhouse grow slower than those grafted on high-quality rootstocks, but they produce more flowers.

Both self-rooted and grafted roses are suitable for cultivation in a greenhouse.

Planting roses in pots or greenhouse soil

Traditional growing in pots

The right time to plant roses in buckets or pots is early October. Before planting, the above-ground part of grafted seedlings is cut off by two-thirds. The substrate used is a loamy soil mixture with humus, rich in nutrients. Pots with seedlings are put into storage with a temperature of about 0 degrees until January. At the end of January, the seedlings are brought back into the greenhouse and pruned directly above the grafted bud.

In the first week, the temperature should be at +6 degrees (since a shoot begins to quickly develop from the grafted eye, and the root system actively grows). With bud germination, the temperature can be increased to +10 degrees, but if the lighting in the greenhouse is good, then up to +15 degrees. In this case, the plants need to be watered abundantly.

In the first week the temperature should be +6 degrees

When buds form on the cultivated shoots of roses, the temperature will need to be increased to +20, and during the period of coloring the buds, it will be lowered to +16 so that the flower blooms more slowly.

When growing roses in a greenhouse for cutting, it is recommended to remove all side shoots and buds, leaving only one shoot with three to four buds - new shoots form from it. After a month and a half, secondary flowering will begin, and by this time the rose will already be a developed bush with three to four main shoots.

Growing roses in greenhouse soil

Rose seedlings are planted directly into greenhouse soil, 10 or 25 roses per square meter (in the second case, per next year they are thinned out, leaving half as many plants). You can arrange the seedlings according to the 25x40 or 30x30 pattern.

If roses are planted too deep, they may be affected by " root collar»

Before planting roses, greenhouse soil is enriched with peat, rotted manure, superphosphate and ammonium sulfate. The seedlings are first dipped in water and planted in the soil so that the grafting site is near the surface of the earth. In very loose soil, roses can be buried a little, then with further shrinkage of the soil they will be at the desired level. Be careful: if roses are planted too deep, they may be affected by the “root collar”, and if they are not deep enough, the plants will wither.

Secrets of success, how to grow roses in a greenhouse

In floriculture farms when growing roses, vermiculite, perlite, coconut fiber can be used as a substrate, mineral wool. Rose care is automated – special equipment supplies nutrient solutions to plants, supports optimal humidity and temperature in the greenhouse.

Automation of care for greenhouse roses is usually not affordable for amateur flower growers. Therefore, we have to devote more time and attention to greenhouse roses.

Video about a rose plantation, how roses are grown

Caring for roses in a greenhouse includes:

• maintaining an optimal microclimate with humidity at 70% and a suitable temperature (increase before flowering, as described above, and when the buds open, lower slightly);
• if there is insufficient lighting in winter, use additional lighting; if there is excess sunlight in summer, curtain the greenhouse or whiten the glass;
• daily ventilation of the greenhouse;
• keeping the soil loose, moist, free from weeds;
• monthly feeding with complex mineral fertilizer and mulching the soil with rotted manure;
• treating roses with pesticides against diseases and pests;
• pruning the rootstock of grafted roses;
• severe pruning of plants before the dormant period;
• during the dormant period in December, maintaining the temperature in the greenhouse at 0+3 degrees.

From each rose it is possible to obtain from 8 to 12 high-quality beautiful flowers suitable for cutting

When you first cut flowers, try to leave as many flowers as possible on the bush. more green mass so that the plant grows new strong shoots. Cutting should be done in the morning, when the buds are just beginning to bloom. From each rose it is possible to obtain from 8 to 12 high-quality beautiful flowers suitable for cutting.

Beautiful and long lasting roses Can grow in a greenhouse up to 9 months a year, and even organize their sale. This is called cutting forcing, and the most optimal months in this regard are from February to November. But in December and January it is not profitable to grow greenhouse roses, because a lot of costs will already be spent on artificially illuminating the plants - roses are, after all, summer flowers. But early spring the price for them will be especially high, and at the famous women's holiday you can make a lot of money by selling “pets” from your own greenhouse: not transported from afar, not sprayed with a preserving unpleasant substance, but fresh, cut in the morning, simply raised with love...

So, For growing roses big and spacious are always good greenhouses with thoughtful ventilation. If possible, it is advisable to establish in them automatic watering, fertilization and temperature regulation. Or simply devote as much time to your roses as possible more attention– they, like women, love care very much.

Video:

Growing roses is an extremely promising and profitable business.
It is profitable to do this business if you have a greenhouse - this way you can receive roses all year round.
By growing it in a greenhouse, you will make a profit, regardless of climatic conditions in the region, weather and time of year. But greenhouses are different. If you want to make a profit from growing roses, the most profitable and modern version is a greenhouse with a polycarbonate coating.

All our articles from the category: Greenhouses and greenhouses

So how grow roses in a greenhouse ? And what to do first with their seedlings that arrived by mail, for example? Firstly, during transportation they lose a lot of moisture, and therefore you should not rush to plant them - first you need to immerse them in water for at least a day.

But if the seedlings have been stored for too long, then when planting you only need to dig them in and leave them in the air open place vaccinations, in the ground - all root system. Such bushes must be regularly moistened, and to prevent them from getting sick while they take root, they must be sprayed with a copper preparation.

If planting material If you received it in a box with peat, then the shoots themselves need to be lightly watered - but so that the leaves are already dry by the evening. In this case, there is no longer any need to keep the planting material in peat - it is better to quickly plant it in the ground or pots. After all, such filling of the box is nothing more than a kind of shock absorber for delicate seedlings, and they cannot be stored in such a substrate.

Planting roses in a greenhouse

So, for early forcing of roses in a greenhouse today, self-rooted roses are used - they produce more than a hundred flowers from just one square meter. This is how you need to plant them: dig a pit with a depth of 60 cm in the greenhouse, fill it with a nutrient mixture so that the soil turns out to be structural, rich in humus and nutrients, with a neutral reaction of the environment.

Growing roses in pots

The most traditional growing roses in a greenhouse - planting seedlings in pots , with preliminary removal of 2/3 of the above-ground part. Such flower pots are taken out to the greenhouse in early January and the plants are pruned above the grafted point. After which, for the first 10 days the temperature in the greenhouse should be only +6°C. And every next decade it needs to be increased by 2-3°C until it reaches 10-12°C, or in good lighting - + 15°C. And it is during this period that plants especially need abundant watering.

So, with proper care, the first rose buds will appear in 20-25 days. And then the temperature in the greenhouse needs to be increased to 20-22°C, and after the buds gain color, lowered to 16-18°C - so that the roses bloom slowly, over 10-12 days.

Growing roses in pots

Growing roses in beds

You need to plant roses directly in greenhouse soil according to the 40x25 or 30x30 pattern, 10-12 pieces per 1 m2. Although for more bountiful harvest some gardeners manage to place on square meter up to 25-30 roses, digging up half of them for the next year.

Before planting roses in the greenhouse soil, it is necessary to add 20 kg of manure, 10 kg of peat, 30 g of superphosphate and ammonium sulfate per square meter.

And also grow roses in a greenhouse It is also possible on a substrate of turf soil, peat and fresh mullein in a ratio of 4:5:1. The layer of this substrate should be about 70-80 cm. All this should be mixed and kept in a pile for a year, before planting the roses, adding a kilogram of meat and bone meal per square meter and a little mineral fertilizer.

When planting, the soil should be warmed to 12°C, the roots of the seedlings should be dipped in water and planted so that the young shoot or grafting site is not covered, otherwise the roses will get sick.

Herself planting rose seedlings in a greenhouse should be done like this: in very loose soil you need to slightly deepen the plant, which, with further shrinkage, will itself be at the desired level (if planted deeper, these flowers quickly take root and grow poorly). After planting the roses, you need to water them thoroughly with a hose so that all the roots settle well enough in the ground. And not by sprinkling - it will not give any results. And in general, you need to be especially careful when planting roses: if they are raised too high, they will wither and grow poorly, and those buried lower than necessary will be affected by the “root collar.”

By the way, before forcing roses, the air temperature must not exceed 10°C - otherwise rooting will be uneven and some of the flowers will die immediately. But in ordinary greenhouses there are always small, but still noticeable fluctuations in humidity and temperature, and therefore rose shoots will still appear unevenly in them. Moreover, even healthy eyes may not germinate. Therefore, such a pre-treatment of planted roses will not be superfluous: oculants (rose shoots) need to be placed in water for a day, then chained to the very eye in a special heated bed with moistened peat, and covered with film. After this, the shoots will grow especially quickly and amicably at a temperature of 18°C. And as soon as they reach 2 cm, the film must be removed. And keep the seedlings like this for a few more days.

How to grow roses in a greenhouse

After this treatment, roses can already be planted on your permanent place- so that the eye protrudes two fingers above the ground surface. Although if products need to be obtained at more high temperature, than 10°C, then the roses are covered with film directly in the greenhouse until all the stems grow fairly evenly, and then they are opened.

Vaccination to rosehip

In addition to planting native root species, in conditions closed ground, roses are also propagated by grafting. And this is done like this: seedlings of ordinary rose hips, with a well-branched root system, should be planted in autumn in pots with the following mixture: 4 parts turf soil + 1 part humus. These seedlings in pots should be stored in a greenhouse or basement all winter.

From mid-December until April, seedlings are already grafted. To do this, you first need to bring them into a greenhouse with a temperature of 8-10°C, which will gradually increase to 18-20°C. Within 10-15 days, the seedlings will begin to flow sap - just at this moment the cuttings prepared in the fall are grafted:

• The neck of the rootstock must be cleared of soil and the aboveground part must be cut off.
• On the root collar, you need to cut the bark longitudinally by 2-3 cm, carefully bending the edges with a knife.
• You need to insert a scion cutting into the cut, which already has 2 buds.
• The grafting site is tied with plastic wrap.

After this, it is advisable to dig the pots with grafted roses into peat or sawdust (in boxes), and cover them with sawdust 2 cm above the cuttings. You need to put a film or frame on top of the boxes, and maintain a temperature under it of 22-25 ° C, often spraying with water. As soon as the shoots appear and a few leaves form on the scions, the pots can be removed from the box and placed on the greenhouse racks.

Caring for growing flowers

It is important to consider that roses are grown in a greenhouse usually for one of two purposes: for implementation, or for obtaining a cut.

If cutting is needed, then you need to drive out one shoot, and all the side shoots and buds need to be removed, leaving only a short part of the shoot with 3 buds. It is from them that new shoots are then formed, and after 5-7 weeks the roses will bloom again. In addition, with proper care, rose bushes can be grown fully developed, even with 2-4 main shoots! By the way, rose buds of hybrid tea and cut varieties are most suitable for forcing.

But if roses are being prepared for sale, then you need to pinch the occulants above 3-4 leaves. This way the shoot becomes woody, and buds quickly form in the axils of the leaves. In the future, they will germinate and form 2-3 stems, and after 12-15 weeks they will show off in the greenhouse flowering plants. Among the varieties, hybrid tea, polyanthus and floribunda varieties are suitable.

IN initial period rose growth optimal temperature in a greenhouse it is 18°C. At this time, their roots cannot yet actively absorb moisture, and therefore it is important to use a sprinkler in the greenhouse to increase air humidity. When forcing roses in a greenhouse, the drainage must be closed. To do this, it is best to lay the pipes to a depth of 1 m and with a distance of 4-6 m from each other.

Roses are very light-loving plants, but they don’t like it when sun rays fall on the soil, not on the leaves. Therefore, the most important task of the florist is to as soon as possible grow bushes with rich leaf mass in a greenhouse. But, if the bush sprouts too powerfully, it can be thinned out. And finally, to make the rose bush stronger, during the budding stage its first shoot is broken or bent. So, lying on the ground, it can no longer grow, and therefore the roots gain strength.

Interestingly, recently new materials such as coconut, mineral wool, pumice and perlite have been used to grow roses in greenhouses. This is done using the low-volume hydroponics method. For example, mineral wool in combination with artificial lighting for roses and drip irrigation gives very good results. It perfectly controls the plant’s root environment and regulates basic parameters.