A step-by-step guide to laying cinder block yourself. How to build a cinder block house? We build a house from cinder blocks and line it with bricks

Before you start building a cinder block house, the pros and cons of which we discussed above, it is worth considering all the points when laying the foundation, construction and further operation of the building.

First of all, you should correctly calculate the amount of material required. The slag block generally has standard dimensions. This greatly helps in determining how many blocks are needed per 1 m2. Then an estimate is drawn up, which will help not only to fix the number of all consumables, but will also display the estimated cash costs. Correctly made calculations at the initial stage will help eliminate future errors when construction work. IN mandatory it is also necessary to adhere to the rules for laying slag stone, because this will affect the safety, strength, long term operation of the building.

Transportation and storage of blocks is carried out at wooden pallets.

There are some nuances that significantly simplify the construction process and help save money:

Laying cinder blocks is done with minimum quantity common construction tools - trowel, construction shovel, container for preparing mortar, level.

It is advisable to place a stand nearby in advance on which the products for top installation will be placed to save time.

The masonry layer (its thickness) should be no more than 15 mm, otherwise it can lead to a significant loss of internal heat.

It is more advisable to mix the solution using a concrete mixer.

Laying begins from the corner. Excess mortar, which appears after pressing, must be immediately leveled with a trowel, otherwise lumps may appear.

Taking into account, which at first glance pleasantly surprise (especially if you produce them yourself), you can draw certain conclusions. It is not always worth choosing a material only based on cost, because in this case the quality and safety of life is at stake.

We discussed above which cinder block is better for building a house. But environmental safety of this material leaves much to be desired. As already mentioned, recycled waste from various industries is used in the production of slag blocks. Therefore, it is more expedient to use it in the construction of warehouses, hangars, garages, etc. If you want to build your own secluded “nest,” which must meet all the requirements of a living space, such as ecological cleanliness, safety, thermal conductivity, we advise you to listen to advice and choose expanded clay concrete for this purpose. Our database contains trusted suppliers of expanded clay cinder blocks throughout Russia, and prices are lower thanks to live competition.

Therefore, in this article we will talk about how to build a house from cinder block with my own hands, and we will discuss all the nuances of construction. There are a huge number of options for building your own home, and a vast amount of building materials allows you to build the frame of a house in a matter of months, or even weeks. Among the building materials, the most popular are brick, foam blocks, gypsum blocks and, of course, cinder blocks. The latter are superior to the others in many respects, namely:

simplified construction technology;
lightness of the material;
short terms construction of the structure;
The production cost is much lower than other competitive materials.

What is a cinder block, and can it be used for private construction?

In general, the name “cinder block” is colloquial, but in fact it is an artificially made stone, the production of which uses the casting method concrete mixture with various fillers and shrinkage of the material using a brick press.

Before the advent of modern building materials, blast furnace waste was used as fillers for cinder blocks, but, unfortunately, the products of the metallurgical industry were not entirely environmentally friendly. And to remove hazardous substances from the building blocks, they were kept in open space for 1-2 years, and then sent to consumers.

Times go by, and modern materials began to be used as cinder block fillers:

expanded clay;
crushed stone;
brick fight;
other small filling materials.

The binding element of the aggregates is cement-sand or gypsum mixture. Consequently, cinder block bricks have become absolutely safe and can now be used immediately after the full production cycle. Modern hollow and solid cinder blocks attract not only private clients, but also large companies with their characteristics and price.

Choosing the right cinder block

Before building a house from cinder blocks with your own hands, you should decide on the manufacturer of the material, since the durability and safety of the structure directly depends on the quality of the selected products. Of course, only you can be the best guarantor of quality, but if you don’t have the time or desire to make blocks with your own hands, then you will need following tips by choice of cinder block.

Always ask the seller about the characteristics of the product. Knowing what the block consists of, you can easily calculate its strength and density, as well as thermal conductivity and frost resistance.

Advice! Solid blocks contain sand, crushed stone or pebbles - these materials improve thermal conductivity and increase mass. Hollow ones consist of expanded clay or perlite, which in turn worsens thermal conductivity of the blocks, but reduces the overall weight;

Cinder block can be made both in a factory and in a garage. A block made at a factory is considered to be of higher quality, because there is a high probability that the technology was followed when pouring;
It is best to choose a cinder block filled with crushed stone, expanded clay, shell rock or sawdust. These materials are absolutely environmentally friendly;
To build a strong and reliable house from cinder blocks, the material must have excellent mechanical properties. Thus, quality material must withstand a fall from a height of 1.5 meters, and at the same time on its surface may appear small chips, but deep cracks and broken pieces indicate poor quality.

Set of tools for building a house

Without the most important thing construction tools, namely without a trowel or “trowel” as it is also called in common parlance;
Having a concrete mixer will also be very important. Of course, you can limit yourself to an ordinary tub, but you simply won’t be able to cope with large volumes of solution;
When laying cinder blocks, sometimes small pieces of blocks will be required, so without a sawing tool nothing will work - it could be a hacksaw, circular saw or a grinder with a stone circle;
To plant blocks in the solution or level them, you will need a rubber or wooden mallet;
To evenly smooth the mortar over a cinder block or when plastering walls, you cannot do without regular and serrated spatulas;
Even during construction, plumb lines, a carriage and orders will be required;
When working with an angle grinder or hammer drill, you will need goggles and a respirator.

If it is possible to get scaffolding, then you should get them. They will greatly simplify the laying process. Otherwise you will have to use stepladders.

Choosing a solution for laying cinder blocks

When building a cinder block house with your own hands, there are two options to choose from: cement mortar.

In the first case, the mixture is purchased ready-made at the factory, but if the factory is located far from the construction site, then delivery of cement can be much more expensive than mixing it yourself. The manufacturer may also refuse to sell the mixture in small quantities, or you will have to calculate the amount of mixture that you can handle every day. Unless you are building a house with a team of ten people, the amount of mixture used will not exceed several cubic meters per working day.

Important to know! The factory mixture is suitable for use within 3-4 hours.

The second option involves mixing the solution yourself using a concrete mixer. In this case, the consumption of material occurs evenly, and the house is always built with fresh mixture.

In order to cook homemade solution the correct consistency, you will need:

cement – 1 part;
sand – 3 parts;
water – 0.5-1 part.

Advice! To make the solution more viscous, you can add a little ash or red clay to its composition.

A few important points to know when laying cinder block

Technologically, the process of laying cinder blocks is not much different from building with bricks, but this method of building a house is much faster. In addition, the construction of a house made of cinder blocks must be subject to the following conditions:

Since cinder block is very hygroscopic, a high foundation must be built in the house;
The fear of moisture also dictates the time interval at which construction is allowed - this is the beginning of masonry in warm and dry weather and completion before the daytime temperature drops +15 degrees or the beginning of the rainy season;
The smooth surface of a cinder block has poor adhesion to the solution, so its strength must be high;
The erected walls of the house must be protected in the form of plaster, the thickness of which can vary in the range of 1-2 cm both inside and outside.

Important! Alternatively, the cinder block can be protected from the outside with decorative brickwork or a fur coat, but this must be taken into account when building the frame. Namely, to make a wider foundation, sufficient for the block and brickwork.

Building a house in stages

Before you build a cinder block house with your own hands, you need to:

Make sure there is a sufficient number of materials and tools;
Explore various techniques masonry and methods of tying rows;
Make sure you have enough time to build without being disrupted by sudden changes weather conditions;
Before starting masonry, bring the foundation “to zero”, that is, level it with bricks;
The leveled foundation should be properly waterproofed.

Depending on the required thickness of future walls, cinder blocks can be laid in the following ways:

by pin method or in one block;
using the spoon method or half a block;
one and a half blocks;
in two blocks.

Walling

At the very beginning, the corners are laid; they need to be positioned in such a way that a regular rectangle comes out. For this purpose, 4 blocks are placed on each corner.

Important! From the first few rows you need to achieve maximum evenness; for this you should use a plumb line and level as often as possible.

The rows are laid “under a string”, which is pulled between the rows. To facilitate subsequent laying, you can use a structure made from a steel angle or wooden slats. The rows are mounted vertically at the corners, after which a cord is pulled opposite the row and gradually shifted during the laying process.

Important! When installing the cord between the rows, you must take into account the height of the seam. At the same time correct height the seam should not exceed 1-1.5 cm, otherwise heat loss at the masonry site will increase.

When using hollow cinder blocks in building a house, the voids should never be filled with mortar, since these gaps serve the function of preserving heat. In addition, there will be a significant overconsumption of the building mixture.

In order for the structure of the house to be strong, all rows of cinder blocks should be laid with each subsequent row overlapping by half a block, that is, a bunch of rows occurs. It would also be a good idea to reinforce the walls using reinforcement. This method of masonry will protect the house from cracking.

Important! Reinforcement is done every 4-5 rows, starting from the first. In this case, the steel rods are placed in pre-cut recesses.

When the frame of the house is built, and after its construction it is planned decorative cladding, there is no need to unstitch the seams. Otherwise, even when laying the rows, it is necessary to gradually remove the protruding mortar. This procedure is performed every 3-4 rows.

When, following the tips described above, you begin to build your own house, then you will understand that construction requires experience and a great desire to learn. Therefore, a thorough study of construction technology will help you figure out whether you are able to build a house without resorting to the services of professionals. Well, if you still have any doubts, you can watch the following videos:

We hope that after watching the video materials you will not have any questions, and the house you built will delight not only you, but also your children, grandchildren and great-grandchildren.

Cinder block is a relatively inexpensive type of building material that has long been loved by Russian consumers. Inter-apartment floors are also erected from cinder blocks; it is often used in the construction of dachas and. Today the editors of the site will tell you about the disadvantages and advantages of this type of material, and will also introduce you to the algorithm of work.

Cinder block houses are built very quickly

Read in the article

What is a cinder block, and what do cinder block houses look like in the photo

A cinder block is a kind of block made from a mixture and additives. It is known that the raw material for this building material is crushed stone, crushed and heated in a special way. Also used to create bricks broken glass or, expanded clay, shavings and sawdust, ash, ash, as well as ordinary river sand.

Such a characteristic as the strength of a cinder block depends on its brand. The range of values varies from 35 to 125 kg/cm².

The lower value of the indicator means that this type of cinder block can be used as an additional structure when strengthening non-load-bearing and low structures. For example, fence, or highlight. Brand 50-75 kg/cm² suitable for internal partitions, 100-125 kg/cm² - material for and load-bearing walls OK. The strongest solid bricks can be used in the construction of structures that are partially submerged in water.

Cinder blocks can withstand about 50 freezing cycles and not lose their strength

Pros and cons of cinder block houses

Like anyone building material, cinder blocks have their advantages and disadvantages:

Advantages:

Among the disadvantages is the issue of the quality of raw materials and its safety.

What can reduce the advantages of cinder block houses, and how to solve problems with disadvantages

How to identify obvious defects or low-quality raw materials? The first way is to buy only from trusted suppliers. There are certificates of conformity for any product of this kind. Usually the documents indicate what filler was used in production.

Important! Granite can produce an unpleasant radioactive background. It is better not to buy blocks with such fillers. To control the quality of the product, you can rent a Geiger counter while purchasing the material.

Select a level block or section of blocks, paying attention to geometric shape. Chips in a batch may indicate a technological defect and a violation of production technology.

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Team leader of the repair and construction company "Dom Premium"

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“It is better not to use soft blocks. If you are planning to buy a cinder block, do not hesitate to take a nail with you. If you managed to stick it into the material without using a hammer, then it is better not to consider such a cinder block for purchase.

Use pallets to transport blocks

Characteristics and sizes of different types of cinder blocks

Used for different tasks different types blocks. Separate type building structures used for insulation, another for the construction of strong walls, and a third for decoration.

Durable solid cinder blocks

For the construction of load-bearing walls and ceilings, use only solid blocks. They must be selected according to their strength class. Foundation blocks made of slag concrete are especially in demand. But you need to remember that they can shrink and need a reliable one.

Lightweight hollow cinder blocks

Hollow cinder blocks are often used to build lightweight interiors. Voids can be oval, round, square or rectangular. The size of such voids is approximately a third of the volume of the building element.

Typically, blocks of the following sizes are used: 39 × 19 × 18.8 cm. If compared with bricks, then 12 bricks “fit” in the volume of one cinder block.

Decorative cinder blocks

Decorative material for construction large structures rarely used. Typically, colored bricks are used in the construction of fencing, as well as supports.

Most often they are covered protective layer, which extends service life and increases performance characteristics. However, this is still budget option, there are a lot of other finishing materials.

What type of cinder block is best to use for building a house?

The basis for choosing the strength of a stone is usually such an important concept as the number of storeys of a building. The higher the house, the stronger the brick must be used. If the percentage of voids is within 30, you can use blocks to build a house of two or three floors. If there are more voids - only in construction.

For the plinth and foundation of the building, it is best to use monolithic brick. A house built to last simply cannot be hollow. On load-bearing structures There is no need to skimp on any materials.

Related article:

Nuances of operation modern houses from logs: we study the pros and cons, types of house designs made from rounded logs, prices for finished buildings, features of project development wooden house from rounded logs, differences between projects of summer wooden buildings from houses made of logs for permanent residence, recommendations from specialists - read in the publication.

Which is better: buy cinder blocks or make your own?

By the way, you can organize a cinder block business yourself. There are several dozen stamping units that “blind” bricks from literally any raw material.

The only problem is where to find raw materials. You'll have to think carefully here. On the one side, ideal option– a boiler room nearby, or a sawmill. After all, to create a cinder block, you can use any available material, including wood chips and gypsum. It is important to use proven technology.

If we talk about profitability, at first it will hardly be higher than 15-20%

How to build a cinder block house with your own hands: main points

Construction of cinder block buildings is a labor-intensive process. However, not as tedious as . With an adequate team and amount of material, build small house can be done in just a few weeks.

How to calculate the number of cinder blocks for building a house

Construction itself has never been a cheap process. However, to save money it is important to do it correctly and accurately. The first thing you should pay attention to is how thick the wall will be. For the south and middle zone In Russia it is permissible to install external walls with a thickness of 20 to 40 centimeters. For northern regions at least 60 centimeters are required.

Second important indicator– parameters of the building itself, number of floors, height, length of the building, presence of balconies and ledges

How to calculate the amount of cinder block in 1 m²: to lay one row you will need 12.5 pieces of blocks standard size. If the wall thickness is 40 centimeters, two rows are required, which means we multiply the number of elements of one row by two - we get 25 pieces. If a 60 cm wall is required, multiply by three.

The total area of the wall is calculated by multiplying the sides. For example, if the wall of a house has dimensions of 10×5, then we have 50 m² of masonry.

Increasingly, materials such as cinder block are being used for the construction of modern houses. And the secret of such popularity lies not only in its low cost. It has many advantages. It is no worse than modern building materials, which are made using the latest technologies. It is ideal for the construction of residential buildings.

Cinder block is a building stone. It is obtained by shrinking cement mortar in different forms. The manufacturing technology is not particularly complicated and does not require special equipment or installations. The solution is made up of various components, but this does not greatly affect the final characteristics. Therefore, you can make such building material yourself. To do this, you will need to make a mold into which the solution mixture will be poured.

Manufacturing

Typically cinder block industrial production always larger than red or sand-lime brick. By making it yourself, you can give it the size and shape of your choice. You can make a shape from ordinary wooden planks. The solution is made from ash, which can be replaced with slag waste from boiler houses. Cement is also added to it. All these components make it possible to obtain building materials of increased strength. For even greater strength, you can add sand, dolomite crushed stone, brick chips, and limestone screenings to the solution. Of course, all this must be filled with water. From this solution, concrete cinder blocks are obtained, which have significant weight. To obtain a lightweight version, the solution is mixed using cement, expanded clay, slag and ash.

Such elements are used not only for the construction of residential buildings. Other types of buildings are also built from them. Thanks to the relative lightness of the material, you can easily build a house yourself in the shortest period of time. A cinder block house is warm and comfortable.

Advantages of construction

A cinder block is essentially a concrete block. Slag is used as a filler, which determines the basic properties of the material. Slag is a glassy mass. It consists of tiny particles of waste rock mixed with flux. This substance removes impurities that are formed during the melting process of the metal.

What advantages can buildings built from such material boast?

First of all, it's cost. This type of block material is inexpensive. In addition, you can generally make it yourself.
Light weight. This allows you not to focus on the strength of the foundation, and allows you to save on construction.
High strength. Blocks are made from cement, slag, sand and sawdust. The result is a durable material. After its surface is plastered, it will be no different from sand-lime brick.
Fire resistance. There are simply no components left in its composition that could catch fire. Under the influence high temperatures they may melt but not catch fire.
The building is not afraid of insects and small rodents. Therefore, residents may not be afraid of such a neighborhood. But it is worth noting that this kind of love is caused by the fact that some components are harmful.
Technological simplicity. You can build a cinder block house yourself even with a complete lack of experience in construction.

If we talk about insulating properties, then the prospects look rather sad. Cinder block has a porous structure that absorbs moisture. This leads to freezing of the walls in winter time year. Therefore, an uninsulated building will serve as poor protection for you from cold and frost.

Disadvantages of construction

Knowing all the shortcomings of a building material, you can more accurately understand whether this material meets your needs. Unfortunately, cinder block has them too.

High level of thermal conductivity. The house requires mandatory insulation. If you don't do this, your fuel costs will shock you.
Increased degree of hygroscopicity, that is, the material is too porous. This means that the walls will catastrophically absorb any moisture. This will lead to damp and cold indoors in winter. To avoid this, you will need exterior plaster and wall waterproofing agent. The latter must be used even when the façade of the building will be insulated from the outside using wet technology.
Low level environmental friendliness Of course, manufacturing companies convince that this building material does not contain anything bad. However, no one can guarantee you that radioactive slag was not used in its production.

The list can be continued for a very long time. You can add individual nuances, which make the process more complex. But in reality, all this is not important if the builder is armed in advance with modern and reliable high-quality tools.

Construction Features

The technology for constructing buildings from cinder block material is practically no different from building, for example, from brick. In the same way, the foundation is made, the walls are erected, the roof is installed and communications are laid. Differences are only noticeable at certain stages.

Protecting the foundation from water. Due to the fact that this type of building material is hygroscopic, it simply needs to be protected from moisture, which will come from everywhere, including the foundation. That's why waterproofing works foundation work must be done with special care.
Masonry. A cinder block is laid in almost the same way as a brick. The method of ligating the blocks is the same and has not changed for many years. The difference lies in the fact that the cinder block has voids. They are used depending on what purpose is being pursued. If the house is low, then the voids are simply filled with cement. This allows for additional strengthening of the structure. If the building has several floors, then a frame made of reinforcement is inserted into the cavity. This allows the material to withstand the load coming from the upper floors.
A cinder block house cannot do without an armored belt. Of course, I use it in the construction of all buildings made of blocks. It is designed to distribute the load that comes from the floor slabs onto all walls. If the house is being built from cinder block, then the armored belt is especially important. They even make it a little larger size than usual.

Start of construction

Before you begin the construction process, you need to decide on the size of your budget. There should be enough money to purchase ready-made material or for components for its subsequent manufacture. In addition, the construction process will also require funds from you, as will the repair process.

So, if you purchase everything you need to build a foundation and build walls on it, but there are not enough funds to continue construction, then all the work will go down the drain. After all, we already wrote earlier that a cinder block absorbs moisture, which means that it will quickly become unusable, and everything will eventually have to be redone. If you cannot make all the calculations yourself, then contact a construction company that specializes in planned developments and calculates the amount required material with budgeting.

You must also put in order all the documentation proving your right to property and so on.

Creating a foundation

When the documentation is in order and all materials have been purchased, you can begin digging a pit for the foundation. To build the latter, you will need cement, reinforced concrete foundation blocks, crushed stone, gravel and sand. If you are planning to create a basement or want to build a garage under the house, then the pit should be larger and deeper than usual.

The foundation itself, as a rule, has a strip structure. Especially if we are talking about a low-rise building. The quality of the soil on which the house is built also influences how the foundation will look. Its height should be at least 70 centimeters above ground level. This will protect the blocks from possible getting wet.

When the foundation is ready, it must stand for at least one month. But laying the plinth is an exception. Its layer must be at least five rows if the building is built from concrete blocks. The lower part of the base must be completely isolated from the surface of the foundation itself. Upper part the base is covered with a layer of waterproofing.

Construction of walls and roof

When the foundation is settled, you can begin laying the walls of the house. To do this, you need to prepare the cinder block itself and, of course, the solution. It is prepared from cement and plasticizer. The latter will prevent the cement from hardening very quickly. Therefore, it can be kneaded large quantities. So, for the process of building walls, the following tools will be useful to you.

Hacksaw. It will be needed for sawing blocks to give them the desired size.
Respirator. When sawing, a lot of dust is generated.
Construction level.
Hydraulic level.
Hammer.
Trowel.
Plumb.
Order.

Construction stages

As with building a brick house, all corners must be carefully aligned. The end result should be a perfect rectangle shape. Then four cinder blocks are placed on the surface of the foundation. They are leveled with a building level and a stretched cord. After this, a layer of cement mortar is applied to the surface. It is on this that the first row of cinder blocks is placed. If necessary, add viscosity to the solution, add ordinary ash to it. If you have red clay, then it will do the same.

The blocks are laid down very simply. There are very few differences from brickwork. The solution is applied with a trowel. The stone is placed at an angle to the surface, turned so that it is parallel to the surface of the wall, and pressed tightly against the stone that was laid earlier. In this case, you need to lightly tap the hammer with a hammer. concrete block. Excess mortar residues are removed with a paint trowel.

The very first rows must be laid out as accurately as possible. When erecting them, you need to use a building level and a plumb line to check how smooth the surface is. The more often you carry out this check, the faster the work will go. In addition, you will not have to correct any mistakes made.

Laying methods

Laying walls made of cinder block material is possible in several ways.

1) In two stone blocks.

2) One and a half blocks.

3) In one cinder block.

4) Half a stone.

The solution must be laid no more than one and a half centimeters thick. If the layer is thicker, the thermal insulation properties of the finished structure may decrease. To increase these properties, it is better to leave the voids inside the blocks unfilled. The solution is placed only at the joints of the blocks and where it is needed. When the wall is ready, the voids in it are filled with very fine slag, which is then carefully compacted.

In any case, the construction process is much faster than if you used ordinary bricks. This is due to the size of the material and the ease of its use. So, the brick is smaller in size, so you will need twice as much of it. Consequently, more movements will have to be performed. And a lot of cement will also be used. This means that cinder block saves money. When the process of constructing the walls is completed, you need to begin their hydro- and thermal insulation. This is necessary to prevent moisture from reaching the surface of the material. This is especially important to do before you install the roof.

Once the walls are completely weatherproofed, the roof frame is installed. It is constructed after all work related to the building frame is completed. To prevent condensation from forming between the ceiling and the roof of the house and moisture from collecting, vapor and waterproofing materials should be laid between them.
When the roof installation is completely completed, it is necessary to perform a vapor barrier on the ceiling. It, like the entire roof, must be insulated inside with basalt or mineral wool.

Video. Building a cinder block house

Video. Cinder block its pros and cons

Having appeared less than 50 years ago, the method of constructing structures from cinder blocks has gained wide popularity. All thanks to the simplicity and high speed of installation. To make construction even more economical, many decide to build a cinder block house with their own hands. With a minimum of tools, following technology, you can build a warm, reliable, durable structure.

For construction you will need a certain amount cinder blocks. You can make them yourself. This will require special forms in large quantities, since drying will occur directly in them. Using filler, water and cement, a mixture is created and distributed into molds. To form voids in blocks, you can use glass bottles or metal and wooden blanks.

The entire manufacturing process will take about a month. Therefore, if the speed of construction is important to you, and you also have the necessary funds, then it is better to purchase ready material. It must be certified and have the appropriate documents. Experts recommend paying attention to the following points:

Use of environmentally friendly fillers in the production.
These include shell rock, shavings and crushed stone. All bundles with cinder blocks must be identical and without defects.
Should be carefully studied quality characteristics, such as resistance to low temperatures, strength, thermal conductivity, so that building a house from cinder block with your own hands will bring maximum results.
Take an interest in the manufacturing technology. When purchasing material for the construction of a residential structure, pay attention to the use of a vibration compacting machine. If other devices were used during production, then such cinder blocks are suitable only for outbuildings.
Pay attention to the color of the blocks. Gray indicates a large amount of cement. If a different shade predominates, then this is a sign of use. large quantity filler, which is unacceptable for such a building material.

Construction experts advise checking the quality before building a cinder block house with your own hands. This can be done using a regular 1.5 cm nail. If it goes into the bottom of the block, then its quality is in doubt. You can also drop it from a height of 1.5 meters. A reliable cinder block will remain intact or its corners will be slightly knocked off. If the material has crumbled or broken, then it should not be used for construction.

Calculation of the number of blocks

The result of building a house from slag concrete with your own hands from scratch largely depends on correct calculation building materials. It should be borne in mind that masonry can take place using different technologies:

to the floor of a stone (20cm);
in one (40 cm);
in two (80 cm);
one and a half (60 cm).

This choice will depend on climate zone. IN temperate climate Perhaps half a stone will be enough, but in regions with harsh winters a thickness of at least 60 cm will be required.

Count required quantity cinder blocks are made according to the following algorithm:

First you need to calculate the cost of building materials per meter of wall. The standard area of one cinder block is 0.08 m². That is, 12.5 blocks are required per 1 m. If you lay a cinder block house with your own hands in two rows, then we multiply the resulting figure by half.
Next you need to calculate the area of the entire building. To do this, its perimeter must be multiplied by its height.
To find out the final number of cinder blocks, you need to multiply the number for one meter by the resulting area.

When making calculations, you should not take into account window and door openings. This will be a reserve, since rejection or damage to building materials is possible.

Laying the foundation

When building a cinder block house with your own hands, it is worth laying a fairly high foundation. This is due to the fact that under the influence of moisture the blocks can collapse, resulting in damage to the entire structure. The minimum height must be 70 cm. The best option The foundation is considered to be a strip type.

The main stages of laying the foundation:

A pit is being dug out. In cases where a basement is planned, it should be deep.
A cushion of gravel and sand half a meter thick is laid.
The sheathing and metal frame are installed.
Cement mortar is poured.

If you plan to build a basement, you can start it a week after pouring. The house itself is built after completely dry. This may take about a month. Important! It is necessary to take care of waterproofing between the plinth and cinder blocks to prevent their damage from moisture.

Walling

On at this stage The most important nuance is alignment. Therefore, after laying the first row, it is necessary to carefully check this point using a level.

As for laying cinder blocks, it is done quite quickly. You should have a mallet on hand for tamping, a trowel for removing excess mortar, and a spatula.

It is necessary to monitor the thickness of the applied solution. It should not exceed 1.5 cm. Otherwise, the thermal characteristics of a cinder block house built with your own hands will deteriorate. To increase the strength of the mixture, a plasticizer is added to it. It will also help slow down drying, resulting in new mortar needing to be mixed less frequently.

The blocks must be laid at a temperature not lower than 15°C in dry weather.

The rows are laid offset to the floor of the block. To increase the strength of the structure, you can use reinforcement that is inserted into specially prepared recesses in cinder blocks every 4 rows.

How to insulate a house?

Since external insulation is much more effective than internal insulation, it is worth taking care of this already at the construction stage. In addition, installation of insulation will create reliable protection for cinder blocks. The most economical and fairly effective option is foam insulation. If you implement internal insulation using this material will require a vapor barrier. It is not needed for external thermal insulation.

You need to do the following:

Putty the walls.
Secure the insulation. This can be done on a metal strip, the role of which can be played by drywall profiles. The foam should be laid tightly so that there are no gaps between the seams.
Apply a reinforcing mesh to prevent the appearance of defects due to mechanical stress.
Level the surface and finish. Finishing work carried out using bark beetle or decorative plaster.
Paint the walls.

It is also possible to insulate with mineral wool. In this case, you can cover the house with siding. If financial capabilities allow, you can purchase polyurethane foam. This insulation applied by spraying, resulting in no joints, therefore thermal insulation characteristics are improving.

Roof

You need to install a roof on the finished frame of a cinder block house with your own hands in a short time. This is necessary to protect cinder blocks from negative atmospheric phenomena. This process can be carried out simultaneously with insulation.

The most common roofing option is gable roof. The installation process includes the following steps:

To begin with, a mauerlat is mounted, the so-called base, on which it will rest rafter system. Here you should think about waterproofing to prevent wood from rotting from rain and snow.
The rafter system is being assembled. This process is standard. The rafters form the shape of the letter A. But in the case of cinder block houses, it is necessary to use additional posts and beams so that the walls are not under constant tension.
Next, the ceiling beams are installed.
Then the trusses are installed. It is important to choose the right size so that they can withstand roofing material. It is also necessary to ensure that they are identical.
After this, the hydraulic barrier is tightened. A special membrane is used for this.
The sheathing is installed and covered with roofing material.
The final stage is insulation. It will help reduce heat loss by another 15-20%.

Advantages and disadvantages of cinder block houses

Cinder block housing is very attractive due to its features:

It is quickly erected, while the costs are minimal when compared with other materials.
There is no need to lay a massive foundation.
The material used for construction is easy to store and transport.
The quality of the constructed house is in no way inferior to structures made from other materials, if the technology is followed correctly.

But with all the advantages, there are also disadvantages:

Moisture is harmful to cinder blocks.
This material does not provide an adequate level of sound and heat insulation.
The material is not as attractive as, for example, wood.

It is worth noting that these disadvantages are easily compensated for. Proper laying of the foundation and construction in dry weather will help solve the moisture problem. During the construction phase you can use mineral wool, polystyrene foam, polyurethane foam, which will help achieve the required level of heat and sound insulation. And modern finishing materials will give an attractive appearance housing.

A do-it-yourself cinder block house is an excellent alternative to buildings made from other materials, which helps you save money and get quality housing in a short time.