How to grow a walnut tree from a walnut. Walnut: varieties, cultivation, planting and care Walnut tree height

From the stone, from the fruit, from seeds, in the country, description, photo, seedling at home, when to plant a walnut grown in a pot

Is it possible to grow a walnut from a nut? People familiar with walnut growing by hearsay are surprised to learn that this is actually a simple task. A walnut tree easily grows from a fruit - this procedure is quite affordable at home.

On the cover photo annual seedling walnut.

What does a walnut tree look like?

This tree is known for its monumentality. Southern varieties grow up to 30 meters tall. The crown is sprawling, extensive, capable of occupying 0.3 acres. Considering that other crops do not always grow under it (due to the dense foliage of the walnut tree or the phytoncides emitted by it), this plant is not suitable for a small dacha.

General view of a walnut tree.

How a walnut tree blooms - in the photo below:

Flowers: male on the left, female on the right.

Readers ask us what an adult looks like Blooming tree walnut, do you have a photo? It is much more convenient to watch the flowering of a large tree in the video below:

Photo of walnut leaves.

Fruit photo.

General information

Walnut is a long-lived tree, some specimens live longer than 300 years. He loves humidity, light, in nature it grows best on soils with a constant, albeit low level. ground water. The root system is powerful, deeply penetrating into the soil. There are modern varieties that are resistant to frost. Although, of course, cases of cultivation in open ground in the Moscow region or in the Urals are still the exception, not the rule.

Variety "Ideal"

This famous variety overturned the standard idea of ​​a walnut as a purely southern plant. A relatively low tree (up to 5 m against 30 meters of classic southern nuts), lives not 400 years, but 50, however, the yield qualities are unique. It blooms twice a season, the fruits are collected in a brush, it is quite frost-resistant (in the Urals, shelter for young plants is required - that's all), it bears fruit unusually early - for 2-3 years of life. short summer the middle band is enough for the crop to ripen qualitatively. As experienced walnut growers say, the Ideal variety showed itself perfectly in the Moscow region, near St. Petersburg, in Vyazma.

Unfortunately, no one shared a photo of an adult tree; it is impossible to find a photo on the network with at least an approximate appearance of this wonderful variety in adult form. However, you can see the tree in the video on the My Garden blog.

Not the "Ideal" alone

Despite the fact that "Ideal" is so good, growing it, for example, in Siberia, is still fraught with a number of difficulties - the plant will require shelter, attention, feeding, shaping. Perhaps, citizens who are keen on nut growing will like other species from the Nut genus - they are more stable in nature, and, although they also require cultivation efforts, they may turn out to be easier to breed in Siberia or the Urals. These are nuts:

1. Black.
2. Rocky.
3. Siebold (ailantolium).
4. Grey.
5. Cordate.

Growing a tree from seeds

That is, from the fruit. Seeds germinate in one year. You should choose a quality nut, preferably freshly fallen from a tree. Even better, choose a ripe, beautiful fruit and pluck it yourself.

Inspect the nut, if there is damage to the shell, it is better not to take it.

Is it possible to grow a walnut from a store nut?

There is a small chance, but the freshness and germination of these nuts is more than doubtful, it is hardly worth wasting time. Having become acquainted with the procedure for preparing seeds for planting, you will understand that nuts going on sale could lose their germination capacity at any of these stages (for example, the drying stage).

Do I need to peel nuts from the outer fleshy layer (pericarp)?

Preferably. So the nuts will germinate much faster. Cleaning should be done carefully without damaging the inner shell. The procedure is carried out with gloves, the juice has strong coloring properties, stains are difficult to remove.

After cleaning

Shelled nuts are dipped in a bucket of water, sunken nuts are quality nuts that are more likely to germinate, choose them for planting.

The next step is drying. Peeled and calibrated nuts are laid out in the sun in one layer, dried for 1 day, then dried in the shade. Dry only outdoors, nuts intended for planting, dry near heating appliances highly not recommended. This stage can be skipped if you plan to plant a nut before winter and get seedlings in May.

What to plant?

Prepared nuts are planted in open ground, as described below, but you can also at home in plastic containers half a liter. The containers are filled with garden soil, the nuts are planted to a depth of 5 cm. Watered, then placed in a cool place: a balcony or basement. In early February, they are rearranged into the house, in a bright place, after 2-3 weeks young plants appear, after a month they reach a height of 10 cm, now they need a larger container, they should be transplanted into pots or pruned plastic bottles volume of 1.5-2 liters.

The condition of the soil should be monitored, it should always be moderately moist, in April (or later, at a temperature of about 15 C, the plants begin to gradually accustom to fresh air, they are taken out to the balcony. Plant out outdoors when all danger of frost has passed.

Landing in open ground, site selection

The walnut tree is spreading - this is taken into account when choosing a place. Powerful root system, so it is not planted next to buildings. Fruits in 6-9 years.

The fruits are planted before winter, it is advisable to plant immediately on permanent place, the tree has a powerful central taproot, which means that it does not like transplants. Pit for planting - up to 1 meter both in height and in width, before planting, dig the soil from the pit with humus. The depth of embedding nuts is 15-20 cm. At least 3-4 nuts are planted in one hole, so that later one of them is the strongest.

The nut should be laid with a seam up, if placed with a point, it will also germinate, but will develop more slowly. Nuts planted in open ground germinate a little later than those planted in cups, around May. Although there are reverse experience: Nuts sprouted faster in the open field than after stratification in the refrigerator.

Yes, it is also possible to plant nuts outdoors in the spring. To do this, prepared nuts are stored in a cool, but not damp place. Somewhere 3-4 months before planting in open ground (tentatively in January-February), they need to be stratified: the nuts are buried in moistened sand, put in the general compartment of the refrigerator (a temperature of 5-7 degrees is needed). Keep the deadline. Planted in May in open ground, seedlings should be expected in ten days.

How a walnut sprouts:

Germination of walnut "Ideal".

About the rapid germination of walnuts - in just 10 days

Video about the method of walnut stratification. from the channel "My Garden". Part 1. Stratification procedure.

Part 2. Seedlings in 10 days!

Walnut in the Moscow region

Contrary to all notions, a walnut can really grow in the Moscow region. Landing is possible both in autumn and in spring after stratification. True, nuts for planting must be bought from trusted walnut growers who grow nuts in the Middle lane. As for seedlings, then, of course, it is necessary to plant only zoned young plants grown from nuts obtained from a tree that feel comfortable in the conditions of the Moscow Region, imported southern trees are too tender. We have already talked about the Ideal variety above - yes, it is it that is perfect for growing in a dacha near Moscow.

Walnut cultivation in the Urals

Such attempts really were, and almost successful. The variety "Ideal" grows well in the Urals in the open field in summer, giving powerful shoots, but all ground parts freeze out in winter. That does not prevent the trees from resuming their attempts to give growth with the advent of heat. Usually such plants die, gradually exhausting all their strength to fight unsuitable conditions. The network has information about the gardener Vera Viktorovna Telnova (Chelyabinsk), who successfully grows walnuts in the Urals and receives a harvest from them. It looks like this:

1. Seedlings of the "Ideal" variety are planted in a plot well protected from the winds.
2. The tree is formed low, up to 1.2 m. But sprawling, the crown of one plant can occupy 8 square meters.
3. The young sapling was specially planted a little obliquely, so that it would be easier to bend it to the ground.
4. For the first three years, the stem of the seedling for the winter was wrapped in 2-3 layers of covering material, later the procedure is simplified, you can simply throw covering material on the tree, give it something heavy on top (pipes, bricks, boards).
5. In order not to gnaw mice under cover, you should lay out baits for mice.
6. Natural snow cover is sufficient.
7. Shelter should be removed quite late - in early May.
8. The yield of such a tree depends on the quality of the soil, the more fertile the land, the higher the yield. In the summer, high-quality watering will also be required. Such a nut can bear fruit in the 3rd year of life (Ideal variety, as you know, early ripening).

About cultivation in the Middle lane

Material from the video channel "Garden World".

walnut bonsai

The idea to create a bonsai from a walnut tree seems to be a failure, at least this is how experienced bonsai lovers speak about it. However, miracles do happen.

The video below shows this miracle tree in detail.

Walnut is one of the most important products in human nutrition. Such a unique combination of the most beneficial vegetable fats and proteins is extremely rare. It is not surprising that despite some difficulties with growing, the culture is very popular with gardeners.

Walnuts grow in Russia, and you can grow them at home literally from the fruit.

Wikipedia indicates that walnut is a genus of tree from the Nut family. Refers to long-term

European forests, the plant is second only to oak. It is not uncommon to find specimens 300–400 years old.

Where does the walnut grow? The plant grows freely in northern India, Tien Shan, Transcaucasia, Ukraine and Greece. The largest forest areas are preserved in Kyrgyzstan - relic walnut forests, they can be seen in the pictures. For all its merits, the tree is still thermophilic. Already at -25 - -28 C, the plant freezes out, so it makes sense to breed such a crop only in the southern regions of Russia.

The plant reaches a height of up to 25 m, has a powerful trunk up to 3–7 m in diameter, dense smooth bark. Branches form a crown larger than 20 m. Leaves complex shape, the flowers are small and unattractive appearance. The plant blooms in May, less often in June, the nuts ripen in October-November. Wind pollination.

The most interesting are, of course, the fruits. This is a large drupe-shaped fruit, covered with a leathery green peel, inside contains a large spherical bone with 5 partitions. When ripe, the peel dries up and falls off on its own, the bone remains intact. The edible part of the nut is in the pit.

The plant reproduces both by seed and vegetatively. Seedlings take root quickly, in the first

a year, the root length reaches 1.5 m, they begin to bear fruit from 7–8 years, but the real harvest is given only by 30–40 years. Coppice plants - stump shoots, develop faster: fruits appear on them already at the 2nd year of life, and the tree gives a large harvest from 10 years old.

Where does a walnut grow in Russia

You can meet individual specimens even on the territory of the St. Petersburg region. However, these are really only individual trees, as in the pictures, which are specially looked after. In warmer areas, plants do not freeze out, but do not develop fully and do not produce a significant yield. Pictured is a mature tree.

How long a walnut grows and how long it lives depends not so much on the amount of frost, but on the total number of days when the average daily temperature exceeds +10 C. If there are more than 190 days in a year, the plant can be planted. It grows quite quickly and begins to bear fruit early.

In areas with a less favorable climate, it is recommended to grow hybrids. For example, the results of crossing Manchurian and walnut differ in the best winter hardiness. But not a single variety takes root in humid places: the south of Ukraine, the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus, Crimea are completely unsuitable for growing plants.

Seed material also matters. Most the best varieties those grown in the south will not grow normally and bear fruit in colder climates. In addition, plants grown from seeds at home show much better adaptation. Seedlings from the same region are inferior to them in terms of endurance and adaptability.

Before planting a tree, it is necessary to take into account all the features of its development. As a rule, they still plant seedling, because growing it in this case is faster and easier. In addition, it is possible to mold not a tree, but a bush.

However, there are many nuances here.

• The place for landing is chosen in advance. And the seedling immediately settles in a permanent place: it is already unrealistic to transplant even a 5-year-old tree, an overly developed root system simply will not allow this.
• A grown tree covers with its shadow an area of ​​​​up to 100 square meters. m. This site can no longer be used for planting bushes, flowers, trees, and even more so some horticultural crops: practically nothing grows under the nut.
• But, it’s true, there is a minimum of mosquitoes and midges on the site next to the walnut, since essential oils plants "not to taste" by insects.
• The tree is undemanding to the ground, however the best option is sandy-stony, loose soil, infertile.
• Seedlings are planted only in spring. In autumn, the tree quickly goes into a dormant state, and the seedling planted in autumn does not have time to take root. But the seeds can be planted in the fall: they are simply buried in a garden bed to a depth of 30-40 cm, where they winter quietly, and begin to develop in the spring.

How much does a walnut grow at home? With proper care, a plant can live 300-400 years, and continues to bear fruit until very old age. In the photo - a walnut bush.

How to plant

The procedure is simple. The tree is unpretentious and easily rooted in a suitable climate.

1. They dig a hole of such depth that the roots of the seedling are placed in it, as well as a layer of stone at least 25 cm thick.
2. The bottom is tamped, covered with rubble, broken bricks, fragments of cement. The reception is relevant for cold regions, since thanks to it the nut grows later - after 2-3 weeks, and thus safely skips spring frosts.
3. Humus or compost and half a bucket of ash are placed in the pit.
4. The seedling is carefully placed, spreading the roots, and covered with earth, watered with 1-2 buckets of water. Only young trees need watering - up to 5-7 years old they are watered in spring and early summer, when the green mass is gaining. 10-year-old trees easily endure the most severe drought.

AT middle lane Russia has no nut natural pests, so that in some special way it is not necessary to take care of the plants.

The video shows the process of planting a walnut in central Russia.

» Walnut

Usually it is a huge, by our standards, tree up to 25 meters it has a very indirect relation to Greece: the fruits were brought from the south, and "everything is in Greece." Surely, it also grows there, wild forms of this tree are common in Europe.

The tree looks impressive. A separately growing nut not only differs in height - its crown also reaches a diameter of 20 meters.

By European standards, it is a long-liver (second after oak)- specimens of 300-400-year-old trees are often found.

The development of a tree begins with the formation of a powerful tap root, which reaches 1.5 meters deep in the 5th year and 3.5 meters by the age of 20.

Horizontal ones do not grow immediately - they are formed after the rod, located in the surface layer of the soil at a depth of 20-50 centimeters.

The tree begins to bear fruit after 10 years of life., and from the age of 30-40, the time of full fruiting begins.

If the trees grow in groups, partially shading each other, they rarely produce more than 30 kg of yield, while a free-growing nut can produce up to 400 kg of nuts.

But such cases are rare, only a tree 150-170 years old is capable of such a harvest. Usually an adult tree 25-40 years old in Moldova gives 1500-2000 fruits or 2000-2500 in the Crimea.

Moscow region, central Russia - where else can you plant and grow walnuts

They are found in the European part from the foothills of the Caucasus to St. Petersburg where the northernmost nuts in Russia grow. But these are isolated cases, exceptions that only confirm the rule.

These trees do not freeze out completely, but they do not grow to their full potential either.

The main factor determining the possibility of growing this southern tree, - not winter at all subzero temperature. The amount is taken into account average daily temperatures above 10 degrees. It cannot be less than 190 C.

If in winter the temperature does not drop below -36 degrees and for 130-140 days a year the temperature is above 0 C, the walnut can grow and bear fruit.

The best winter hardiness was shown by hybrids of Manchurian with walnut.

When planting even the best seed material brought from the south, adaptation to a cold climate does not occur - such trees regularly freeze slightly and practically do not bear fruit.

Completely unsuitable for growing varieties from places with a humid warm climate(west and south of Ukraine, Black Sea coast Caucasus).

Only nuts from eastern Ukraine, the mountains of Central Asia or the Caucasus successfully adapt to the new conditions of central Russia.

Moreover, it is better to grow a nut from the stone yourself- An imported seedling (even from the indicated regions) will be significantly inferior in terms of endurance and adaptability to new conditions.

How and when to plant and grow a tree from a seedling: conditions

It must be immediately planted in a permanent place.. It is unrealistic to transplant a 5-year-old tree already. Therefore, you need to decide to take into account all the factors and calculate the consequences.

A vigorous tree can form a dense shade over an area of ​​approximately 100 sq.m. You will have to delete this area from circulation - there is little that can bear fruit under a walnut(affects the strong overwhelming effect of the biofield of a huge tree).

On the other hand, it is possible to arrange a summer recreation area on this square - walnut essential oils keep flies and mosquitoes away.

We choose a place for planting on the edge of the garden so as not to shade other trees. The walnut is very unpretentious to soils, although it prefers loose sandy-stony soil.

The landing hole is dug with the expectation that under the roots there is a layer of stones of at least 25 centimeters.

Bottom landing pit need to be half asleep construction waste (broken brick, pieces of cement, crushed stone) - this technique allows you to shift the flowering time of the tree by 1-2 weeks (the stones warm up slowly, the nut starts growing a little later, skipping the frost period).

Half a bucket of ash, compost or humus is brought into the pit. The soil should not be too fertile, the nut will grow intensively and will not have time to prepare for winter.

You need to take a seedling for planting only from a trusted seller, otherwise you won’t get anything except frostbitten branches of a southern tree, you probably won’t wait for the harvest.

A walnut tree is planted only in the spring, it enters a dormant period too early and will not have time to take root before winter.

It is believed that a walnut planted by hand from a bone will grow into a tree practically adapted to new conditions, which will develop successfully.

Seeds are planted in autumn directly into the ground to a depth of 7-10 cm.. It is advisable to lay sideways on the seam in the soil. spring planting requires 2-3 months of stratification in wet sand.

Special care for seedlings is not required - in the middle lane even walnuts have no pests.

How to plant an annual walnut seedling:

Care after planting: spring, summer and autumn

How to care? Walnuts may only need watering in spring and early summer. when there is an intensive growth of green mass. Usually the tree has enough soil reserve of winter moisture.

Water only young trees up to 5-7 years old, if it is completely dry.

The tap root system of the southern tree is adapted to find water in the lower horizons. After 10 years of age, watering the walnut should generally be forgotten.

For him, excess moisture threatens too active growth , to the detriment of maturation and preparation of wood for winter. Freezing after a wet summer is guaranteed.

In addition to stopping watering, care must be taken to prepare the root system for winter. That's why, trunk circles must be mulched with any organic matter or compost:

• in summer - to preserve moisture;
• in autumn - to protect the topsoil from freezing.

In particularly cold areas, the soil is mulched with a layer of at least 10 cm, especially in areas with little snow.

It is useful to cover the trunk up to a height of about 1 m with spruce branches or wrap it with newspapers in several layers (already after the first frosts). This will help to survive -40 degrees and below.

Such shelter is necessary only in the first years. The tree must be hardened naturally.

How to properly care during the growing process: before ripening and after

Like all fruit crops, walnuts need periodic feeding.

In the spring, nitrogen fertilizers are applied, in the second half of summer - only potash and phosphorus, which are responsible for preparing the tree for winter and laying the fruit buds of the next crop.

On cultivated soil, nitrogen can not be fed at all, and phosphorus and potash fertilizers to make (in terms of the active substance) 10 g / sq.m.

Practice shows that the rule applies to all cases where the nut does not grow on obvious stones and clay.

What is especially pleasing - in the middle lane, the walnut has no natural enemies. It has already been said that flies and mosquitoes fly around it.

Moreover, walnut leaves can be cooked very effective remedy against aphids and various caterpillars, which is successfully used in Ukraine.

Absolutely harmless to humans home remedy allows you to process trees and bushes with ovaries of fruits and berries.

Graft

Unfortunately, walnut cuttings do not take root - reproduction occurs only by seeds.

Vaccination is carried out in cases where:

• there is a seedling of probably winter-hardy Manchurian walnut, for which -40 in winter is not a problem;
• the planted variety did not live up to expectations - it became possible to re-graft it.

One-year-old seedlings are grafted into a split and, under control, grow in a greenhouse to a marketable appearance.

Young trees that have already produced their first few nuts can be re-grafted by the type of "eye budding"- only the bark is removed with a kidney in the form of a half-pipe (the method is called so) and combined with the same cutout on the rootstock.

Until complete healing, the vaccination site is tied with a film.

The result of grafting an adult walnut tree:

Reproduction in the country

The main method of obtaining seedlings is growing from seeds.. To simplify the process, nuts are planted without additional processing in the fall to a depth of about 10 centimeters. It is believed that it is better to lay them sideways on the seam.

Whoever did not have time to bury for the winter, put it in damp sand in the basement - the nut must pass the stratification, otherwise it will not hatch.

Walnut is renewed by stump shoots in just a year or two. These trees are able to bear fruit literally in the second year, and in 10 - already a significant harvest.

It turns out that a walnut can be successfully planted and grown in a country house in the middle lane, in the Moscow region. It is enough to follow simple rules:

• the right choice of location;
• seedling - only zoned;
• mandatory mulching of the trunk circle;
• shelter trunk from frost in the first years of life.

All this is within the power of most gardeners.. Choose a sunny location, protected from cold winds - the nut will thank you.

Walnut (lat. Júglans régia) is a common tree species belonging to the genus Walnut from the Walnut family (Juglandaceae). The area of ​​growth extends from the Balkans to the Himalayas and Southwest China. The largest plantings are in Kyrgyzstan, where walnut trees are found on large areas, in almost pure walnut forests, located at 1000-2000 m above sea level. m. Widely cultivated throughout Europe.

Curious! Initially Latin name walnut was Nux Gallica - "Gallic nut", after the name of the area (Galatia) in the western part of Anatolia (Turkey), from where the distribution of these trees supposedly began. In addition to the main name, there were others - walnut, royal walnut, Volosh walnut.

Botanical illustration of walnut: 1 - general form, 2 - fruit in half peeled, 3 - fruit, 4 - leaf, 5 - male inflorescence (earring), 6 - female flowers

Description

Walnut - large deciduous tree, reaching a height of 25-35 m. More often with a short but thick trunk (up to 2-6 m in diameter), which is covered with gray bark. The branches of the tree create an extensive crown. The leaves are compound, arranged alternately, have two or five pairs of ovate-elongated leaflets that bloom together with the flowers. The three largest leaves are located at the top (10-18 cm long), the rest are much smaller (5-8 cm).

The plant is unisexual, with small, greenish, dioecious flowers. Male, in the form of hanging earrings, have a six-lobed perianth with 12-18 stamens. Female flowers are terminal flowers (located on top of annual branches), have a double perianth fused with the ovary. Pollinated by the wind.

The roots of the tree secrete a specific substance that prevents other plants from developing, thus the growth of nearby vegetation slows down. The bark is smooth, olive-brown when young, becoming greyish-silver on older branches, with wide fissures.

The structure of the walnut

The fruit is a rather large one-seeded drupe with a green fibrous-skinned peel and a strong spherical or ovoid bone. In mature fruits, the peel bursts and separates on its own. The bone remains closed. Inside the dense shell is an edible core, with a rich taste.

Blooms in May. Sometimes there is a second flowering in June. The fruits ripen in September - October, they differ in taste, size, shape, hardness of the shell, chemical composition, the development of partitions and other data. Fruit weight - 6-18 g.

Forms and varieties

There are 4 forms of walnut: English or Persian(Juglans regia), White(Juglans cinerea), black walnut(Juglans nigra) Japanese(Juglans Japanese).

Variety "Ideal"

Many varieties have been bred that differ in winter hardiness, productivity, resistance to pests and diseases:

• "Dessert" - early variety with sweet fruit. Medium sized tree with a wide crown. It is drought-resistant, but in frosty winters the flower buds freeze slightly. Fruits for 4 years.
• "Graceful" - height 4-5 m, with an oval crown. Frost resistance is average. Fruits for 5 years. The fruits ripen in September.
• "Aurora" is a vigorous early variety. Fruits for 4 years. The yield increases every year. Frost-resistant, not susceptible to diseases.
• "Ideal" is the most popular variety among Russian gardeners. Shows excellent winter hardiness (withstands temperatures down to -35°C), very productive. Every year increases the number of fruits. The flowers are in inflorescences, from which "grape" bunches of nuts are formed up to 15 pieces on each.

On a note! Particularly noteworthy are the forms and varieties with a lateral (lateral) type of fruiting. They have female flowers can be formed not only at the top of the branches, but also in the lateral axillary buds. The yield of such varieties is much higher.

Photogallery of species

cultivation

Walnut is cultivated in almost the entire European part of Russia, but is more common in the central and southern regions. The main value lies in frost-resistant forms that have high yield and moderate growth.

Selection of planting material

It is not difficult to grow a walnut from seeds, especially since in this case you can always know with what fruits the tree will grow in the end. If you plant an acquired seedling, then there is a high probability of getting a crop of fruits with a thick skin or with a small core. Most best option- Choosing a tree yourself. To do this, select a suitable tree specimen in the vicinity of the site and purchase several fruit samples. The seedlings that appear after planting will be maximally adapted to the climate and environment of your region.

Landing place

Walnut loves well-lit sunny places. For better fruiting plant several trees, but if nuts grow in neighboring areas, and the place for planting is limited, then you can plant one. The distance between the trees should be at least 5 m. The exception is specimens planted on slopes, where the distance between them can be reduced to 3.5 m. -12 m.

walnut seedlings

The soil

This unpretentious culture grows and bears fruit on various types of soil with a variety of topography. But don't expect good harvest, growing walnut in swampy, deep sandy, poorly ventilated areas. Groundwater must be at least 1.5 m away.

Landing

We plant seedlings in the spring so that immature trees are not damaged by winter frosts. Landing time is determined according to the region. The optimal time is the middle or end of April.

• We prepare a hole (with an area of ​​\u200b\u200b50x50 cm, a depth of 50 cm) in advance.
• We fertilize the poor layer of soil. To do this, we introduce manure or compost mixed with ash, with the addition of superphosphate (2 tablespoons of ash per 10 kg of manure). We improve the soil cover to a depth of 80 cm inside the pit.
• Carefully place the side roots in a horizontal direction, gradually sprinkling them with loose fertile soil.
• After planting, water thoroughly.

Remember! At a properly planted walnut root neck can be covered with soil only five centimeters.

mature tree walnut grown without shaping

Care

Walnut does not require special care. Between seedlings (before fruiting), other crops can be grown.

Watering

Watering will be required for the plant at the initial stage of development, twice a month, when the soil dries up. Also, the walnut tree needs moisture during the drought period. There are 30 liters per tree. water per 1 m².

top dressing

Fertilizers are applied 2 times a year. Nitrogen - in the spring, potash and phosphorus - in the fall. An adult tree needs 6 kg ammonium nitrate, 2.5 kg of potassium salt and about 5 kg of superphosphate.

Remember! nitrogen fertilizers are introduced with caution, because they can provoke the development of bacterial diseases, and in the first years of fruiting they should be abandoned altogether.

Walnut pruning

pruning

fit different types crowns - cup-shaped, non-tiered, improved-tiered. To create the latter, you need to shorten the trunk after planting to a height of 115-135 cm. During the development of young shoots in the trunk area, they are removed. Leave 4 branches directed in different directions at an angle of at least 45 ° and a conductor in the center.

Important! Correctly lay the skeletal branches of the first tier. Further, the walnut tree will form itself. The side branches of the walnut do not need to be shortened.

next spring the conductor should be shortened to form the second tier. Thereafter, every year exclusively sanitary pruning, which consists in removing the crown growing inside and damaged branches. Pruning is carried out in the spring.

Video on how to properly form a walnut crown

Wintering

In the first wintering, they try to cover the tree with sedge or straw. Even in the Volgograd region, in the first season, the nut hides. At further care in trunk circle must be entered wood ash to improve winter hardiness. Fallen leaves should not be removed in autumn; they will serve as insulation for the roots of the tree. If the apical buds and some branches of the plant have frozen in the harsh winter, then it needs healing pruning. Do not be afraid of abundant juice secretion in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bcuts. This culture is perfectly restored, and even after intensive pruning of almost all branches of the tree, the wounds on the tree heal, and the crown is restored in a few years.

Walnut tree in winter

reproduction

Renewed vegetatively and by seeds.

Seedlings literally immediately after planting create a powerful tap root, growing up to 1.5 m by the fifth year, by twenty - 3.5 m. From four to five years, horizontal roots begin to actively develop.

Perfectly propagated by above-ground shoots formed in the area of ​​the root collar. Coppice seedlings develop faster than seedlings. In plants of seed origin, the first few male inflorescences appear only by the eighth year, and fruiting occurs from 9-12 years. But coppice specimens begin to produce the first fruits literally from the third year of life.

seeds. Walnut seeds are planted in April, at a soil t of 10 ° C, in prepared fertile soil, to a depth of 10 cm. The nut is set sideways (on the edge). Seedlings grow slowly in open ground. Therefore, to accelerate the development of plants, it is better to plant them in small film greenhouses.

Planting seeds

Graft. This method of reproduction helps to save initial qualities mother tree. For rootstock we take two-year-old seedlings. best period vaccinations - March. In more northern regions, seedlings for rootstock are grown in large tubs, and in December they are brought into more warm room, and inoculate them in February. In May, the tree is transplanted into open ground.

Diseases and pests

Great harm brown spotting (marsoniosis) delivers walnuts. The peak of the disease occurs during rainy periods with large quantity moisture. Trees large sizes it is difficult to spray with fungicides, therefore the main method of control is prevention (selection of varieties and local forms not susceptible to the disease). Small trees are sprayed with Bordeaux liquid or Horus, Strobi, etc.

The walnut tree is rarely damaged by pests. Fixed defeat white butterfly, aphids, sapwood. When the first signs of infection appear, the plant, if possible, is sprayed with insecticides.

walnut tree

Use in landscape design

Walnuts are planted not only for education orchards, often decorative compositions are made from plantings of culture. Sometimes with the help of a walnut, the slopes of ravines are strengthened. It looks good as a tapeworm and in a group planting next to birch and spruce. The extensive crown of the plant with curly leaves attracts attention. Walnut plantings are very effective for creating shelterbelts.

AT wild nature walnut is widely found in Western and Central Asia, in Korea, China and Japan. It is also successfully cultivated in Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova and the Caucasus. it useful plant Man has been growing since time immemorial. By now, the walnut has spread far north from its natural habitats. Walnut plantings are found, for example, in the Rostov and Voronezh regions of Russia.

Under natural conditions, this plant can reach twenty or more meters in height. It has a lush crown, which is comparable in diameter to the height of the tree. A walnut usually begins to bear fruit in the fifth year, sometimes even later. But some varieties are able to bear fruit as early as three years of age. The walnut tree has a significant life span, which can reach two to three hundred years. Not only the fruits are of value, but also the wood itself, which is distinguished by high consumer qualities.

How does a walnut grow?

Walnut belongs to heat-loving plants, but some of its varieties tolerate small and short frosts relatively well. Healthy trees that are not weakened by drought cope best with low temperatures. The most sensitive period in the life of this plant is the time when the buds open and flowering begins.

The plant is very sensitive to light. Best of all, walnuts bear fruit in those parts where there is a significant number of sunny days per year. A powerful and dense crown requires sufficient space around the tree. Where the nut is planted frequently, it ages prematurely and usually does not produce a large number fruits. The leaves of trees that are crowded in such plantings are weak and look lifeless.

For the proper growth of trees, a constant level of groundwater is important. Very dense or heavily waterlogged soils are not suitable for walnuts. In some cases, targeted reclamation measures help to accelerate the growth of trees and the ripening of fruits, during which excess moisture is removed from the root system and at the same time the acidity of the soil decreases.

The walnut tree consumes the greatest amount of water in spring and summer - from May to August. If it rains quite rarely in places of artificial plantings, farmers use regular, but moderate watering of plantings. When for some reason it is impossible to water the nut, measures must be taken to preserve the required amount of moisture in the upper soil layer.