How to deal with peach leaf curl. Why peach leaves turn red Diseases of peach trees

Peaches and nectarines are rare guests in Russian gardens. These trees have gained great popularity in the southern regions, because it is there that the most suitable conditions for them reign. However, at present, varieties of peaches and nectarines have appeared, successfully growing and fruiting in the Non-Black Earth Region and middle lane. Regardless of where these stone fruits grow, both nectarine and peach are attacked by pests and diseases. If the tree does not bloom, spots appear on its leaves and fruits, or the skeleton of the plant is completely bare, it makes sense to think that it is seriously ill. With any type of infection, it is important to react in time - to determine the type of disease or pest and start fighting them with suitable methods and means.

Pests of peaches and nectarines

Peaches, along with nectarines, are affected by several types of pests. They love to eat various parts of this culture are leaf-eating, sucking and other types of insects, but record for distribution in peach orchards killed the following pests:

• peach aphid;
• scale insects;
• mining moth;
• plum codling moth;
• oriental codling moth.

Each of these pests can cause serious damage to trees, slowing down their growth and development, as well as weakening the tree's immunity. Often, with a high density of infection by them, it is difficult to save trees from frost and disease. This is why it is important to find these insects in the crown in time and carry out regular pest control in the spring and throughout the growing season.

Peach leaf curl: control methods (video)

Signs of the presence of pests

It will be very easy to detect pests even for an inexperienced gardener. Firstly, even with their microscopic size, traces of their activity are clearly visible: the leaves curl or become covered with holes, plaque appears on the branches, the ovaries dry or grow severely deformed. In a word, each pest leaves unique traces, which can be found in the table.

How to deal with pests on peach and nectarine

Pest detection is the first step to saving your garden. important in short time after that start fighting them. Most effective methods at the same time, agrotechnical measures and tree processing are considered by special means. To the first group protective measures relate:

• digging the soil in the garden in spring and autumn - helps to get rid of mining moths and aphids wintering in the upper soil layer;
• removal of leaf litter in the fall - helps to eliminate codling moths and mining moths that have settled down for the winter;
• cleaning the bark in the fall - helps to eliminate pupated codling moths, scale insects and other pests that have chosen a trunk for wintering;
• pruning shoots and branches in spring and summer - helps to reduce the number of all pests with too much damage to plants;
• spraying the trunk and skeletal branches in autumn with milk of lime, which, by the way, helps save the trunk from frost;
• installation of trapping belts on the trunk for the destruction of codling moth caterpillars in summer period.

For pest control chemicals there are many options, however, for each type of insect, it is recommended to use insecticides appropriate for their family affiliation:

• DNOC 40% - from peach aphid, scale insects and ticks;
• Bi-58 (48%) - from scale insects, aphids and mites after flowering;
• Decis (2.5%) - from codling moths during the growing season;
• Mitak (20%) - from aphids and scale insects during the growing season;
• Zolon (35%) - from codling moths, double treatment with an interval of 1 week after flowering.

Also, to protect the garden from pests, you can settle their natural enemies in it, and when trees are infected with codling moths, use pheromone traps.

Diseases of peaches and nectarines

Peaches and nectarines are not among the hardy or disease-resistant crops, however, some diseases can significantly affect the yield and general condition of the trees. They may be affected by the same diseases as others. fruit crops, but The most common infections are:

• Moniliosis;
• Powdery mildew;
• Clasterosporiosis;
• Curly virus.

These peach diseases have well-defined symptoms. If the gardener regularly cares for peaches and nectarines, it will not be difficult for him to detect signs of tree damage. It is very important immediately after the “diagnosis” to start treating your garden, because many stone fruit infections can easily pass to healthy specimens.

It is also important to pay attention to agrotechnical measures: timely pruning damaged shoots and thinning ovaries. You also need to fight insect pests, which are often carriers of infections.

Leaf curl is a common disease of many agricultural plants and trees. The peach is no exception and, being prone to this disease, can lose a very significant part of the fruit. It is wrong to think that this is only an aesthetically noticeable peach disease - leaf curl causes damage to the shoots, which are deformed, and can lead to the death of the tree, not to mention losses in yield. In this regard, at the first signs of the disease fruit tree treatment measures must be taken.

How is the disease manifested and what is dangerous

It provokes curliness in the period of early spring. This usually happens under conditions high humidity and low temperature. Just at this time, the tree buds, and the spores are activated and start the process of developing diseases that the peach cannot resist. Curly leaves, the fight against which should be carried out already in the early stages, is eliminated precisely by destroying the fungus. If appropriate measures are not taken, the infection affects all leaf buds against the background of marsupial sporulation of the fungus.

The development of the disease begins with the fact that the leaves turn pale, after which they change their shade to a reddish color. From this moment, the peach leaf curl begins. Treatment should begin at the first symptoms, but sparing means. If you start the disease, then the curl will hit the shoots, and eventually the ovaries. Peach fruits harden, lose their taste and become inedible. If the disease is not fought for several years, then in addition to the loss of the crop, you can lose the whole tree, which will die.

Removing affected leaves

Coping with curliness is not easy, but if you approach the fight against the fungus in a complex way, then the result is likely to be positive. Pruning and subsequent burning of affected leaves and shoots is one of the primary means to defeat peach leaf curl. Treatment in this way is usually carried out in May, at a time when the signs of the disease are most pronounced. Also experienced gardeners practice removal in several stages for greater efficiency. For example, the first pruning can be done when flowering is over. The repeated procedure is performed until the spores of the fungal infection disperse.

How to spray for curly

Spraying remains one of the most effective means of combating tree diseases. It is important to consider in what period the peach was infected. Leaf curl, which is controlled after flowering, requires the use of tank biopreparations. These include trichodermin, planriz and pentaphage. Also at this time, fungicides can be used and Before bud break, the same means are used, as well as milk of lime and urea. When the leaf fall has departed, it is necessary to spray the tree and soil in the zone of the stem circle - that is, where the fallen leaves lie. In this case, treatment with the listed means is possible, but without fungicides.

Processing with Bordeaux mixture

Curl protection in recent times are increasingly providing 3 per cent Bordeaux mixture. It should be noted right away that this method has a serious disadvantage: increased phytotoxicity, which, however, well eliminates the curl of peach leaves. The treatment is accompanied by a delay in the entry of the tree into the fruiting period and affects the low yield. In addition, treatment with such a preparation helps to increase the copper content in peach leaves. Moreover, the availability rate heavy metal will increase as the shoots grow.

Despite all the negative factors, there are obvious advantages to using Bordeaux mixture. If in the fight against other diseases its effectiveness may not justify itself against the background of negative factors, then the curl of peach leaves, which is treated regularly with this remedy, will definitely give a beneficial result. This option is especially useful in the fight against an infection that has developed over several years.

Clay processing

If for processing it is rather recommended as a specialized means of combating the disease, then clay is a traditional folk remedy. It is used in composition with lime and acts as an effective adhesive. But not only this property of the substance is important - clay also works as an adsorbent, not to mention the presence of a number of nutrients in the composition. Among them are silicon, aluminum, sulfur and other components that allow you to defeat the curliness of peach leaves. Treatment folk remedies in the form of clay with lime improves the biological and physico-chemical characteristics of the peach, at the same time nourishing the tree with mineral elements.

If it is not possible to use clay together with lime milk, then the option of using the first one in pure form. In this case, the fungicidal effect will be less pronounced, but the phytocidal properties will manifest themselves quite effectively, eliminating the peach disease. Curly leaves are most easily eliminated with a clay-lime mixture in an optimal consistency, which provides a neutral effect. To do this, the ratio of clay to milk of lime should be 4:1.

Modern remedies for curly hair

It happens that the action of the clay-lime mortar does not help, and the use of the Bordeaux mixture is excluded due to its negative factors in relation to a particular plant. So the question arises of how to treat a peach from leaf curl with minimal harm to the tree itself. The answer lies in the preparations of a new generation, among which are fast, delan and chorus. They can be used singly, in combination, or alternately. In addition, the addition of a clay-lime mortar can significantly prolong the effect of the same delan. According to experts, such drugs provide 98 percent biological effectiveness in the treatment of leaf curl.

Inexperienced gardeners, watching developing trees, do not even suspect why peach leaves turn red. They think that this phenomenon is caused by a sharp temperature drop or other factors, but in fact the tree is sick with curl. Note that the main symptoms of this disease is considered to be a change in the color of the leaves from the usual green, to yellow or red. After some time, the leaf plate thickens, and the surface of the leaves becomes corrugated.

The peak of development of peach curl is observed in early spring when the weather is wet. About two weeks after the development of the leaves from the kidneys, they are severely deformed. This is due to the fact that under the influence of the fungus, foliage cells begin to divide. Shoots also suffer from curliness. First of all, their development is inhibited, the color changes from green to pale yellow, the distance between the nodes decreases, which provokes bending of young branches.

It should be attributed to diseases that are caused by a fungus. In this regard, after a couple of weeks from the moment of infection, traces of sporulation can be seen on the inner surface of the leaves. white color and extraction of gum. With the gradual ripening of the spores, browning of the peach leaf plate is observed, the fruits are deformed and fall off, and warty growths form on their surface. In a tree weakened by the disease, premature leaf fall begins, the shoots do not have time to ripen, so a significant part of them dies as a result of frost.

The spores of the fungus overwinter in cracks in the bark of the plant and in the gum that is released. In this regard, the prevention of curliness should include cleaning the bark from gum and whitewashing the strain and affected skeletal branches. After that, diseased branches are cut off, and then they are burned along with pieces of the affected bark, the places of cuts are covered with garden varnish or paint, and the tool is disinfected.

Curly control should also include selecting, burning, or burying damaged fruit. Peach leaves may turn red due to lack of moisture, therefore, in case of persistent drought, the plant must be watered periodically and the soil should be mulched. Peach dressing will increase the immunity of this culture.

If the culture was cared for on time, but the curl affected the tree, then its crown must be treated with fungicides. AT spring period before bud break, the peach is sprayed with a Bordeaux mixture of 3% concentration, the spraying of the tree with the specified substance is also carried out after the leaves have fallen. In the summer, peach is sprayed with Saprol, Horus, Skor.

There is no such thing as too much information, right? In addition, I devoted more than 30 years to the peach and long ago found with it mutual language we are true friends.

It’s easy for you, a southerner, to say, another gardener colleague of mine will say.

Maybe so, but not entirely. You need to know the temper of a peach, it will come in handy in any climate zone. It is also important that in terms of frost resistance, the peach is really far from weak. According to my observations, in severe cold years, apple trees, apricots, grapes suffered more often, but not peach! Another thing is that this tree does not tolerate careless handling.

Peach has its own difficult character. He seems to be saying: “I give you bliss, gardener, just take care of me as it should be.”

Peach is a very fast growing breed. At proper fit and proper care can bear fruit in a year, although it is officially considered that it begins to bear fruit only in the third year.

Peach also has its downsides. There are only two of them, but what ... This is the curl of the leaves and the drying of the branches (and sometimes the tree itself). First -

main peach disease. It is common wherever this culture sprouts. Because of this, the fruits appear ugly, fall before they ripen. You can fight all this only with the help of annual rejuvenation.

It is necessary to systematically thin out and shorten the branches, that is, create conditions conducive to good lighting of the space inside the crown. Its most correct form is with an open center.

Mandatory reception - pruning of the affected, dry branches.

This operation is best done in spring when 2-3 leaves appear and in summer when dried branches are found. It is equally important to carry out the complete collection and destruction of the affected foliage in early spring.

And, of course, you can not do without spraying. It must be done correctly and in a timely manner, otherwise the leaves begin to grow poorly, the fruits fall off, and as a result, the tree dies.

I personally spray once at the beginning of leaf fall with a solution of urea (300 g per 10 liters of water), twice in the spring, during bud break with a 1% solution of copper sulfate and once before flowering and three weeks after the solution wood ash, nettle and tomato tops. This is what is called a mandatory program.

Changing of the Guard

Now for drying.

It also manifests itself all the time, a very unpleasant phenomenon. One day you would not wish your enemy to see a dried peach, to which he devoted so much care and work. But how can this be avoided? Here will help later and frequent watering late summer and autumn.

It must be remembered, like “Our Father”, that the lack of good drainage causes a protracted growth of shoots, delays the ripening of wood and worsens the winter hardiness of the tree.

To avoid excessive soil moisture, peach should be planted away from beds with vegetables and any greens. I strongly recommend not to use any mineral fertilizers, no matter what the sellers in the market say. "Mineral water" on the soil and on the peach acts like a drug. It is necessary to explain what will happen if you ever reduce the “dose” or decide to refuse them altogether?

On my own suburban area I have six peach trees, and they are all six varieties different term maturation.

Small in size, I don’t let them grow as they want. They are planted in different years and bear fruit for five years. I change two seedlings every year. To do this, I grow "recruits", choosing two-year ones - the best of the best. Thus, in five years, the entire composition changes.

Of course, good agricultural technology can still extend their life.

But I don't see much point in that. In my nursery I plant peach pits in summer, autumn, winter. After a year or another, depending on the growth of the stock, I do a budding. This has already been written about many times and in an accessible form.

I do not want to be original, but I will say that the budding process itself is simple, but it requires care, composure and caution. It is necessary to carefully and thoughtfully prepare the instrument, determine the time of vaccination.

High survival rate is obtained by budding at the end of summer. Its term is determined simply: if in your area (say, September 1) the air temperature drops below 10 ° during the day, then the procedure must be carried out before the tenth of August.

How to grow a peach

An important condition for growing peaches in regions with a "capricious" climate is the choice of frost-resistant varieties (for example, Novoselkovsky, Loyka). And, of course, the right agricultural technology.
Landing - in the sun
For planting a peach, they choose a sufficiently lit place, protected FROM COLD northern winds, ideally - about south wall buildings. Vasily Grigorievich advises planting a peach in early spring, as the soil ripens (end of March - mid-April). But landing pit(diameter 60-100 cm) it is better to prepare in the fall: mix the upper fertile layer with 10-25 kg of humus, add mineral fertilizers(100-300 g of nitrogen, phosphorus and microfertilizers). When planting a seedling root collar leave at ground level, or you can deepen by 3-5 cm.
seasonal care
In late April - early May, the tree is fed with a solution of mullein (1:10) or ammonium nitrate(per 1 sq.m trunk circle: 2-3 tbsp per 10 liters of water with the addition of 3-5 tbsp. phosphate and potash fertilizers). For young trees, this dose should be reduced by 2 times. In caring for a peach, it is important to water it periodically, especially in dry times. The rate of water consumption per young tree
- 10-15 liters, for an adult
- 30-40 liters.
After watering, the soil is mulched with sawdust, peat.
For the winter
At proper care and preparing for winter, the peach is able to successfully pass the "test of cold and frost."
To increase frost resistance in late August - September, you can feed the plants potash fertilizers(30-50 g per tree).

• In late October - early November, the soil is dug up with undertrees and watered well (water-charging irrigation) so that water penetrates to a depth of 1 m.
• To protect the bark from sunburn and frost holes in the fall, it is imperative to whitewash the boles and the base of the skeletal branches of adult trees.

Several grow in the country peach trees. This year, the leaves on them turned yellow, reddened and curled, is this a peach curl disease, as I understand it? I bought a dacha recently, I have no experience in caring for trees, tell me what to do now.

The answer to the question.

Hello Tagir. Judging by the photo, this is really peach curl. This disease is caused by the fungus Taphrin deformans (Taphrina deformans). When the bagospores of the pathogen spread, the leaves and shoots of the peach become red or yellow, swellings appear on them, the leaf curls and takes on bizarre shapes.

In addition, a sticky whitish or gray coating can be found on the leaves (top and bottom) - this is the sporulation of the fungus. Spores begin to scatter in mid-May, especially strong sporulation is observed in cool and rainy weather. At this time, peach buds are laid, from which shoots develop in summer. Accordingly, these shoots are also affected, and this can lead to a complete loss of the crop or even the complete death of the peach.

If you find leaf curl on a peach, pluck off the curled red leaves immediately and burn them (do not bury them in compost heap). Next, the tree should be treated with Bordeaux liquid (substitutes - copper oxychloride, blue vitriol, Kuprosil, Kuprostat) or other suitable fungicide preparation (Horus, Skor, Strobi).

It should be noted that a peach affected by curly hair can become easy prey for pests, for example, for aphids. In this case, it is possible to combine fungicide treatment with insecticide treatment (Aktellik, Aktara, Bi-58 New).

It is best to carry out preventive treatments for peach against curl in the future. After all, it is easier to prevent a disease than to cure it. Peach curl spores overwinter in flower and vegetative buds. And in the spring, during their blooming, they begin to spread again.

Therefore, it is very effective against leaf curl to carry out three-time spraying of trees with fungicides. We carry out the first spraying in the fall - during the period of leaf fall. At the same time, all fallen leaves are collected and burned. In February, at a temperature of + 4 ° C (not lower), we once again process peach trees with Bordeaux liquid. And, finally, one more treatment will not be superfluous immediately after flowering.