Formula for calculating heat per month. How to calculate heating: we plan the system and predict payment

Payment utilities day by day becomes higher, thereby reducing family funds for other needs. Regardless of the region of residence, each consumer can note that the amounts presented for payment for receiving heat in an apartment are the most significant.

But at the same time, tenants do not know how correct these charges are, because how the payment for heating is calculated is often known only to heat workers.

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Legislative basis for the formation of payment for heating

Currently, the procedure for determining the amount of payment for the provided heat is based on Decree 354 of the Government of the Russian Federation. The adoption of this standard took place in 2012, and since then the main version of the document has undergone various adjustments.

Changes were repeatedly made to the method of calculation itself. The concept of “general house heat supply needs” was introduced, which was calculated separately from the heating of residential premises. But in 2013, the heat supply service was combined into a single utility service, without separation according to the purpose of the premises.

Improvements are underway to the present, so in 2017 new formulas were introduced to calculate the amount presented for payment by the consumer. And in the current period, the calculation is carried out precisely according to such criteria and using a new procedure for generating payments.

Factors affecting the formation of payment in an apartment building

According to the legislation, the formation of the amount received for payment for the service provided is influenced by the following factors:

Type of heat supply system depending on the source of heat supply. Since the classification system is centralized and decentralized, the formation of the payment system depends on this factor.
The presence of metering devices for the consumption of thermal energy, regardless of the purpose. That is, the calculations provided for payment include both common house mechanisms and individual heat meters.
The method of calculating the payment for the operation of heat supply. The method is understood as the presentation of accounts all year round or only during the heating season. The heating payment method is adopted at the regional level. Thermal workers of each region are authorized to make charges on the fact of consumption, excluding summer time, but within the framework of regulatory acts of regional significance.
Availability of technical feasibility of installing IPU thermal energy.

Based on the existing factors that affect the formation of the amounts claimed for compensation, several options for calculating the payment for heat supply can be distinguished.

Accrual algorithm No. 1

The main components of the calculation are the centralized heating system, there are no metering devices, the seasonal way of presenting the fee.

According to the Rules for the formation of the cost of heat supply, which are approved by Decree No. 354, the calculation is made according to the following formula:

P payment = S total * N * T,

S total - the total area of \u200b\u200bthe occupied dwelling, m 2.

N - heat consumption according to the standard, Gcal / m 2. This indicator is developed locally by authorized energy commissions. Adopted by local governments and subject to revision once every 3 years.

T is the regional tariff for heat energy, rubles. In the case of several housing and communal services organizations supplying heat, this figure may vary between companies.

Attention! If it is technically possible to provide apartment building the heat resource calculation device introduces an additional load in the form of K k.p. - a multiplying coefficient, the value of which has been included in the calculations since 2016. From January 1, 2017, the coefficient for any calculation method without counters is 1.5.

Accrual algorithm No. 2

The main components of the calculation are the centralized heating system, there are no metering devices, the accrual is made evenly, throughout the year, including summer.

Under these conditions, a different formula of the Rules is applied to the calculation, namely formula No. 2-1, and the fee is charged as follows:

P olaty \u003d S total * (N * K) * T,

S total - the total area of the apartment, m 2.

N is an indicator of the rate of consumption of heating services, Gcal / m 2.

K is a coefficient showing the frequency of payment for the provided heat. It is taken as the ratio of the number of months of the actual heating season, including incomplete ones, by the year-round period. For example, heating in the region was 7 months, the coefficient is calculated as 7/12=0.583. The definition of the coefficient was adopted by Government Decree No. 857.

T is the regional tariff for covering heat supply services in rubles.

Accrual algorithm No. 3

Modern new buildings in most cases receive uninterrupted heat supply using autonomous IHS. With this heating source, independent production coolant using equipment that is the common property of all owners of the Moscow Railways.

The amount of payment for this type of heat carrier generation is determined by the following formula:

V is the amount of the communal resource that was spent on the production of the coolant. These include heat, electricity, cold water. According to Decree No. 1498, the average volumes of resources used for the previous calendar year are taken into account.

S - The total quadrature of the calculated dwelling.

S - The total area of all premises in the Moscow Railway.

T - The price of each communal resource used for the manufacture of coolant in the ITP.

How to reduce heating bills

Having considered all types of cost formation, it can be found that service providers have protected themselves from possible losses by introducing multiplying factors and various overhead costs into the calculations when forming the tariff. Every thrifty tenant does not want to pay inflated amounts that are listed on the receipt.

Therefore, some options for charging for the heat supply service of housing have been calculated and the following ways to reduce payment for utility services have been made. These include:

refuse to provide C/O services and switch to individual consumption by installing a heating boiler. The method is quite expensive and requires a large number of documents;
install a heat meter in the MZD. In this case, accruals will be made according to the amount consumed. natural resource. At the same time, the presentation of the amount is carried out depending on the area of \u200b\u200bthe dwelling, the number of registered persons in the apartment does not affect the calculations;
organize the provision of the Moscow Railways with an individual heating point. The costly option, however, quickly pays for itself, and it is very suitable for SMDs or other communities of owners that are not dependent on the management company or housing office.

You can carry out your mathematical calculations of the correctness of the charge for the operation of heat supply in your apartment using the provided formulas and having information about existing tariffs. There may be cases when the amounts presented are received erroneously and need to be adjusted by the consumer. All information that relates to regulatory figures and indicators is always widely available and the consumer can use it to compare with the numbers specified in the payments.

The calculation of tariffs for utilities for an apartment is carried out in accordance with Government Decree No. 354 of 2011. Calculation of the cost of utilities in apartments is carried out monthly. The amount of payment depends on the tariffs of the resource supply company. They are set depending on the level of price regulation by the state. Any premises and utilities are inseparable.

Important Factors

When figuring out how to calculate utility bills, keep in mind that the final amount of payment will depend on many indicators. The amount of payments that are charged in apartments different areas, different . The formation of the total amount without counters is affected by:

area of the room;
type of premises (non-residential and residential);
the number of registered citizens in the living area;
terms of contracts;
utility consumption standard for heating, for water, gas without a meter, electricity.

If meters are installed, then the calculation is carried out according to an individual metering device. The total amount depends on the tariff:

water on the counter;
for heating according to a common house meter or a heating tariff according to the norm;
payment for gas (1 m3);
for electricity.

Tariffs for payment are set in the regions at different levels. Local administrations calculate tariffs and alert the population by posting relevant notices in periodicals. The receipt for the communal apartment also contains information about the tariffs.

Heat payment

Residents pay for heating the apartment depending on the standards or meter readings. In 2015, they wanted to change the procedure for calculating the payment for heating in an apartment. Previously, local authorities could choose how to calculate heating bills:

monthly 1/12 of the annual amount of payments;
in the amount of actually consumed thermal energy during the heating season.

In 2017, we decided to leave the opportunity to pay for heat as 1/12 of the total amount. How to calculate the heating in the apartment, decide the local authorities.

In 2017, consumers have the right to demand a recalculation of heating on the following grounds:

the temperature in the room is less than 18 0С, in the corner - 20 0С;
emergency interruption of heat supply during the heating period exceeded the period of 16 hours in a row, 24 hours in total per month (if the apartment had more than 12 0С, recalculation of heating on this basis is not carried out)
apartment heating standards may deviate by ±4 0С (3 0С at night).

Calculation of the cost of heating in apartment building depends on the established cost of heating according to the norm, if general house meters for heating are not installed. If there is a common meter, the heating fee is charged depending on its readings. Many people say that metered heating is cheaper. For comparison, it is necessary to calculate the heating in the apartment according to the norm and compare it with a similar apartment, where payment for heating is calculated according to a common meter.

Methods for calculating the cost of heat

The calculations take into account the consumption rate, the heating fee according to the standard and the area. Accrual for heating non-residential premises under the new rules is carried out together with accruals in apartments. The standard takes into account the cost of common house heat. On its basis, payment is calculated for each apartment, for non-residential premises.

P = S * T * N, where

P - the cost of heating in the apartment;

S is the area of the heated room;

T - fixed tariff for heating the apartment, for which payment is made;

N - consumption rate.

According to the calculated results, an invoice for heating is issued.

How is heating calculated in an apartment with an installed meter? The procedure for calculating the heating fee depends on the availability of apartment meters and metering devices in non-residential premises.

If there is a common building meter for heating, payment is made as follows. Calculation of payment for heating the house:

the amount of heat energy consumed, which is shown by the heating meter, is multiplied by the total area of \u200b\u200bthe house.

How is the heating in the apartment calculated if a common house heating meter and individual metering devices have been installed. Calculation of payment for heating in rooms takes into account:

square;
indications issued by a common house meter for heating;
readings of apartment meters;
meter readings for payment for heating non-residential premises;
tariff for heating according to the common house meter.

The heating bill, which is received monthly by the owner of each apartment and the user of the rented premises during the heated season, takes into account the personally consumed energy and the heat allocated to the general needs of the house. How is the heating fee calculated in this case? Payment for heating is made according to an individual meter, taking into account the readings of the general building meter for heating. Heating in an apartment building in non-residential premises is calculated by analogy with apartments.

How is the heating fee calculated in an apartment building? The heat spent for general house needs is distributed in proportion to the heated area occupied by each non-residential premises and apartments.

How to calculate the cost of heating if metering devices are not in all rooms? In this case, the calculation of the amount of payment for heating is carried out according to common house meters. Heating according to the meter installed in the apartment will be considered when all rooms are equipped with metering devices. Separately, it is necessary to find out how heating is considered in high-rise building. The heating of the main area is divided proportionally between all residents.

For heating non-residential premises, payment is also charged. If there is no metering device on the house, heating in non-residential premises is paid according to the standard, depending on its area. The calculation of the price of heating by the area of \u200b\u200bthe room, heating without meters is applied. The amount depends on how the heating of the apartment in the house is calculated. The heating bill must be paid in the month in which it is received. Otherwise, debts are formed.

Gas payment

When installing an individual gas heating device or the use of gas appliances, you should find out the procedure for paying for gas without metering devices. Calculation for gas is carried out according to established standards. How are utility bills for gas supply calculated? The price is set based on the tariff, the standard consumption volume and the number of registered citizens.

Payment for utility services for gas supply in households is made according to metering devices, if they have not only gas stove and other gas equipment.

How is the payment for heating in an apartment equipped with a gas boiler calculated if the meter is not installed or is out of order? The payment for heating in the household is calculated based on:

average monthly consumption rate;
area of heated premises;
the number of registered persons;
degree of improvement (presence of a centralized supply hot water).

Payment for heating in non-residential premises is made on the basis of meter readings.

How is heating calculated in houses with gas boilers? Calculation of the payment for heating in households is made on the basis of meter readings. Owners do not receive receipts for centralized heating, but an invoice for gas heating.

Water use

Consumers know that it is more profitable to pay for water by the meter. Separately charged for cold and hot water.

It is easy to calculate water consumption by the meter: the volume consumed is multiplied by the established tariff. In this case, separate meters for cold and hot water should be installed. It is on them that the calculation of utility bills for water consumption is carried out.

Payment for utilities for sewerage should also be calculated by meters. Any online calculator will be able to give you the amount you need if you enter the current and previous readings for water on the meter (the consumption of cold, hot water, sewerage is recorded separately).

If a common house meter is installed, then residents still have to pay for the cost of common house needs. That is, the payment of utility services for such a metering device increases due to:

various leaks;
underestimation of indicators of metering devices by neighbors;
undocumented residents.

In the absence of metering devices, the amount of water consumption without meters will be calculated at the rate per 1 person. The calculation rules are as follows. To find out how much to pay, you need to multiply the norm for water consumption per person in cubes by the corresponding tariff. The total amount will depend on the number of residents.

Moscow has introduced increasing coefficients to stimulate the installation of metering devices. If you have the opportunity to put a meter, but you do not do it, then you have to pay 1.5 times the calculated amount. Since 2017 - 1.6 times. And taking into account high consumption rates, payment for utilities for water supply hits the budget well. We pay the amounts calculated taking into account the multiplying coefficients without fail, because otherwise debts will accumulate.

Electricity

When figuring out how to calculate utilities, one should remember the need to figure out how to calculate the consumed electricity. The utility bill calculator will help simplify the task.

Payment is made according to the readings of electricity meters. It should be included in the overall calculation of the amount of utility bills. The calculation of utilities in terms of the supply of electricity is done as follows: the volume consumed is multiplied by the established tariff.

In the absence of a metering device, its malfunction, the calculation of utilities for electricity supply is carried out as follows:

the established standard for 1 person is multiplied by the tariff and by the number of living citizens.

It will not work without paying for electricity, because the premises and utilities that are provided are connected. The electricity supplier will simply disconnect the house or apartment from the network.

Calculation of a communal apartment

It is necessary to take into account the fact that the premises and utilities are the same when figuring out the features of how to calculate utilities.

The total amount of payment for utilities will consist of paying:

heating according to the area of the room or according to the meter;
electricity;
water;
gas;
the cost of maintaining residential premises.

The calculation of the amount of payment for utilities includes the calculation of the rent. To find out how to calculate the rent, you should contact the management company or the HOA. They will tell you what is included in the payments, and will name the amount that tenants must transfer monthly.

Every citizen has the right to independently check housing and communal services tariffs by raising the appropriate regulations. If he does not agree with how the heating in the apartment is considered, then you can write a statement to the Criminal Code, the heat supplier or resolve disputes in court.

When figuring out how to calculate utilities, keep in mind that rent includes the cost of maintaining residential premises, management, current repair and protection. The calculation of utility bills is carried out according to the quadrature of the occupied premises.

When planning the heating system of our house, we face the question of how to correctly calculate the heating. And the calculation in this case has two aspects: on the one hand, it is necessary to find out which devices should be installed to maintain a comfortable microclimate in the room, and on the other hand, to calculate the amount that will need to be spent on paying for services.

Heating of a private house

Boiler type and power

If we are planning the construction or reconstruction of a private house, then one of the most important design points is the choice of a boiler that is optimal in terms of power. If you install an insufficiently productive boiler, then in the cold season it will work in forced mode, which will lead to its rapid wear. On the other hand, we also don’t want to pay for the power we don’t need!

Note! The use of a boiler with excess power leads to an increase in energy consumption by 20-30%

The first thing to decide - this is the type of the boiler itself:

Solid fuel- relatively inexpensive and economical, but have some inconvenience in operation. Such inconveniences include, for example, the need for periodic fueling (in severe frost - up to 3-4 times a day).
Liquid fuel- are quite acceptable operational characteristics, but a large amount of toxic combustion products makes their use not environmentally friendly enough.
Electrical- quite effective and easy to use. Main disadvantage such boilers - the high cost of electricity.
Gas- the preferred option for most parameters, including ease of use and economical use of energy resources. The key disadvantage is the high price of the equipment itself and dependence on the presence of a gas pipeline.

Regardless of the type of installation used to heat the house, it is necessary to choose its optimal performance.

There is quite simple formula to calculate it:

Wcat \u003d Wud * S / 10

In this case:

Wkot - the minimum allowable power of the boiler.
Wsp is an indicator of specific power per 10 square meters.
S is the area of the heated room.

Note! Specific power is a standard indicator and differs in different regions. So in Moscow and the Moscow region, this parameter is 1-1.2, in the northern regions it can reach 2, and in the southern regions it is 0.7-0.9.

Calculation of radiators

In addition to the boiler itself, it is also necessary to produce. Below we will tell you how the heating of the main area of \u200b\u200bour house is calculated.

The following formula is used to calculate the number of batteries:

W=S*h*41

W - the power of the radiators, sufficient to ensure a comfortable temperature in the room.
S is the area of the room.
H - height from the floor to the ceiling (excluding suspended structures).
41 - the rate of consumption of thermal energy per cubic meter of internal volume.

The result of the calculation using this formula is the total power installed radiators. We divide the resulting figure by the heat transfer of one section of the battery (the instructions for the radiator should contain this information), and we get required amount sections. To provide best heating The resulting number is best rounded up!

Naturally, after completion of all calculations, it is necessary to choose optimal models radiators, and install them in such a way that heat loss is minimal. The technology for installing heating radiators is clearly demonstrated in the video tutorials that are posted on our portal.

Pay calculation

Payment without a common house meter

Not less than important point is the calculation of payment for the heat supply of your apartment. According to Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 354 "On the provision of public services ..." heating payment includes:

Payment for heating provided in your apartment.
Payment for heating of common premises.

The calculation technology depends on whether your house is equipped with heat meters. In our article, we will consider both options, which will allow you to do the calculations yourself in any situation.

So, how is the heating tariff calculated in a house in which a common meter is not installed?

Payment for heating the apartment itself, in which an individual heating meter is installed, is made according to the formula:

P i = V i * T k, where:

V i - the amount of heat consumed according to the indicators of the individual metering device.

For example, the meter showed that you spent 1.5 gigacalories of heat in a month. In this case, the total will be:

1.5 * 1400 (heating tariff) = 2100 r.

If there is no counter, then another formula is used:

P i = S i * N t * T t , where:

S i - room area
N t - consumption standard
T t - tariff set for the region

In this case, the calculation example looks like this:

The consumption standard is 0.025 Gcal per square meter.
The area of the apartment is 75 square meters.
Tariff - 1400 rubles.

As a result, we have:

77 * 0.0025 * 1400 \u003d 2,625 rubles.

As you can see, a careful calculation shows the effectiveness of installing a heating meter in each apartment, because the savings are very significant.

P i = V i * T k, where:

V i - the amount of heat provided for general house needs for the reporting period.
T k is the tariff established by law.

For example, if 1 gigacalorie was spent on general heating, then the cost of payment will be 1400 rubles.

With installed individual metering devices: 2100 \u003d 1400 \u003d 3500 rubles.
Without individual counters: 2625 = 1400 = 4025 rubles

Payment with a public meter

If the house has general appliance for accounting, then the calculation of individually consumed thermal energy is calculated as follows:

P i \u003d V d * S i /S d *T t, where:

V d - the amount of heat consumed for the period according to the indicators of the general house heating meter.
S i is the area of the apartment.
S d - the area of \u200b\u200ball the premises that make up the house (including residential, non-residential and utility).
T t is the tariff set in your region.

Payment for heating of common areas is made according to the same formula as in the previous case.

Another way is to use utility calculators. Today there are several such calculators, and the data obtained as a result of their application provide sufficient accuracy of calculations.

In our article, we showed how the calculations of the required power of heating boilers and radiators are performed to heat your home, and also clearly demonstrated how to calculate the tariff for heating an apartment in different situations. We hope that the formulas and examples given here will be useful, because strict accounting is the most important condition for reducing costs!

AT recent times at the tenants apartment buildings there are many questions about heating tariffs. And this is not surprising, because most of the amount of utility bills is occupied by the cost of heat supply.

At central heating multi-apartment residential buildings, thermal energy is supplied by specialized heat supply organizations, the tariffs for which are approved by the regional energy commission. Tariffs remain unchanged until the next tariff regulation.

Often, residents of apartment buildings confuse payment for heating 1 meter square area, which they are billed at the rate set by the competent authorities. It is worth paying attention to the fact that the payment for heating is just a calculated value and depends directly on the amount of heat energy used for heating.

Examples of calculating payment for heating services

So, how do the competent authorities calculate the payment for heating and the volume of heat energy consumed? Two options are possible here:

If there is a metering device, the volume of thermal energy is determined by the meter in accordance with current legislation. Then the amount of payment for heating is determined according to the following formula: [the amount of heat energy consumed] is multiplied by the value of the current tariff. If a common building heat meter is installed, then the amount of energy consumed is determined by prior year. It does not matter whether part of the year or the whole year of heat energy consumption was taken into account by the meter.

If the general house meter was operated for part of the year, then in the remaining period of time the volume of thermal energy is calculated in accordance with the terms of the contract with the energy supply organization. After the amount of energy consumed per year is determined, it is divided by the total area of the premises of an apartment building, including non-residential premises that are not common property.

The result is the value of thermal energy consumption per 1 square meter of the total area. For clarity, let's imagine the following situation: the volume of thermal energy consumed per year amounted to 990 Gcal. The total area of premises in an apartment building is 5,500 square meters (excluding common areas).

The value of thermal energy consumption per 1 square meter of area in this case will be: (990 / 5500) / 12 = 0.015 Gcal / m2 per month. Since the volume of heat energy consumed is divided into 12 months, this value should be accepted for payment every month throughout the year, and not just during the heating period.

Now let's calculate the amount of payment for heating for the end consumer, that is, the tenant of an apartment building. According to the formula Vt × Tt = average monthly volume of heat energy consumption for heating for the previous year (Gcal / sq. m) × tariff for thermal energy established in accordance with applicable law Russian Federation. Then we multiply the resulting figure by the total area of \u200b\u200bthe room.

AT management company we were informed that this year they are going to install a new house heat meter in our high-rise building. In the meantime, it will be changed, we will have to pay for heating at higher rates. Explain whether they can charge us too much and how they generally calculate the payment for heat?

Denis Potapov. Southwestern District.

As explained in the capital's mayor's office, if the general house heat meter works properly all year round, the heating fee is charged according to the average calculated readings of the house meter for the past year. This is necessary to evenly distribute the amount throughout the year. That is, every month we pay for heat 1/12 of the total heat accounted for by the house meter for the past year. The management company divides the amount of heat that, according to the meter, heated the house last year, by 12 months. The resulting figure is divided by the total area of the entire house and multiplied by the total area of a particular apartment and the current tariff (see "Specific").

At the end of the year, the management company compares the resulting figure with the amount of heat actually used and changes the amount depending on whether the house spent more or less heat this year than last year. The payment adjustment is indicated in the receipt in the "Recalculation" column.

BY REGULATIONS OR IN FACT

If there was a break in the work of the house heat meter for at least a month (for example, the device broke down or the management company did not transfer the meter readings to the heat supplier), then residents will pay for heating this year according to the meter data for the last year. And in next year- already according to the standard. The payment for heat in a residential building is affected by the number of floors, the material of the walls, the year of construction, and the work of the management company for energy saving in the building. The average price for heating one square meter in houses where a house heat meter is installed, is from 23.11 rubles. up to 29.42 rubles. And in houses where they pay for heat according to the standard - more than 33 rubles, that is, the amount in receipts can be more.

WHERE TO COMPLAINT

If the tenants of the house doubt the correctness of the amount in the payment, they can apply to the Moscow Housing Inspectorate with a request to check utility bills. A complaint can be sent to: