Balcony insulation: glazing, thermal insulation, heating. What is the best way to insulate a balcony? Insulation of the walls of a balcony or loggia

The apartments of the old housing stock, unfortunately, are not spacious and large areas. Every square meter of a small apartment should be used rationally. This applies in particular to several square meters balconies or loggias, which, without additional labor costs and investments, can only be used during the warm period. But if you spend a little money and time and glaze and insulate the balcony, then a few more meters will be added to the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe apartment. And you can do it yourself.

Where to begin?

Everyone has it home master your point of view is better and more correct. But in any case, the first thing to start with is to free the balcony from the rubbish that tends to accumulate there. Rubbish place in the trash, and not on precious meters that can be used with greater benefit.

If the question is how to insulate a balcony with your own hands has already moved from the category of abstract to practical, then you should start with glazing. The choice of frames depends on the tastes of the owners and their financial capabilities. They can be made of PVC or wood, but the choice of double-glazed windows depends largely on the climate. If in winter the temperature drops below -25 ° C, then you need to order at least three-chamber double-glazed windows, otherwise you will not get sufficient thermal insulation. When designing a glazing structure, it is worth considering and foreseeing the possibility of washing glass from the outside with convenience and without risk. It is better to entrust the installation of glazing to specialists, since for the correct and secure installation rather heavy construction requires not only tools, but also a certain qualification.

But everything else implied by the question " How to insulate a balcony with your own hands?, it is quite possible to do it yourself, since you won’t have to do anything too difficult or requiring special skills.

Getting Started with Warming

1. Need well seal all cracks remaining after glazing, using mounting foam. You should choose a foam that can withstand temperature changes and does not harm the materials that will be used for insulation. Therefore, before you go for foam, it is worth choose thermal insulation materials. Optimal choice for thermal insulation of walls, floors and ceilings - extruded polystyrene foam, which has low thermal conductivity and long term services. Combined with layer mineral wool this material gives excellent results. Foam plastic is cheaper and very convenient to use, but its service life is noticeably shorter.

2. It is best to start warming from the ceiling, which is worth insulating, regardless of whether there are more balconies on top or not. Cold should not be given a single chance to seep into the room. Mounted on the ceiling Basic structure from wooden bars to which the selected thermal insulation material. When installing the ceiling, one should not forget about hydrovapor barrier, otherwise condensate will accumulate under the skin and mold will appear.

This applies, by the way, to all surfaces, not just the ceiling. Choose hydro vapor barrier materials a consultant will help you hardware store, based on the available assortment and climatic features of the region. It can be a roofing material, a waterproofing film different types, special mastics, paints or products deep penetration like Penetron. Waterproofing is carried out before starting work on the installation of thermal insulation.

It is practical to use polystyrene for the ceiling, as the lightest and most inexpensive material. Additional thermal insulation from a layer of mineral wool on the ceiling can be omitted.

3. Heat insulating material is attached to the walls in the same way as on the ceiling. Expanded polystyrene and foam can be simply glued or fixed using dowels. All joints are filled mounting foam or sealants to avoid the formation of so-called "cold bridges".

4. Next step - finishing. Before starting it, electrical wiring should be done so that later you can hide it when final finishing. There are many options for finishing insulated walls. You can close the walls with drywall, PVC panels, wooden clapboard, plaster and paint - which the owner of the balcony prefers. It is practical to close the outer wall with corrugated board or siding.

5. The floor is insulated, and the selected material is laid on top of the insulation on the logs - boards, laminate, etc. If the floor is not insulated, but simply poured with concrete, then it will be difficult to heat the balcony, the heat will go outside. Well, if the owners can afford to equip a heated floor, then on such a balcony it will be warm enough even in severe frosts.

That, in fact, is all. The do-it-yourself balcony insulation plan is completed. It remains only to choose and buy materials, and get to work, so that in winter you can use the balcony with the same comfort as in summer.

To make the apartment warmer, it makes sense to tidy up and, if you have it.

In this article, we will consider a very relevant housing issue for many - the insulation of the loggia. It is interesting, first of all, because it allows you to organize an almost full-fledged room or part of a room from an unpractical site.

We will consider the methods and stages of insulation, we will note the features of the thermal insulation device of the loggia.

Preparatory stage

At the stage of preparation for insulation, the following list of works is performed:

1. Determine the need for insulation of certain sections of the loggia. In other words, they plan which of the surfaces will be insulated and which will not.
   Regarding the loggia, it should be noted that in without fail they insulate the parapet of the loggia, while the remaining floors are thermally insulated, depending on whether they border on other residential (heated) premises: if yes, they do not insulate, if they do not border, they perform thermal insulation
2. Pick up or loggia and its thickness, depending on climatic conditions terrain. For example, for a mild climate, a 5 cm thick polystyrene foam plate can be used, for more rigid ones - up to 10 cm.

It is better to select an insulating tile material that is interconnected by a tongue-and-groove system.

This will avoid cold bridges and significantly increase the degree of thermal insulation.

If such material is not available, a two-layer laying of plates should be used with an offset of the connecting seams, replacing, for example, one insulation plate 10 cm thick by 2 by 5 cm.

1. If two-layer insulation is arranged, the loggia provides for fastening the first layer of heat-insulating material to the ceiling using plastic mushroom-shaped dowels.
   The second layer is attached to the first using a special adhesive solution.

Internal insulation of the loggia floors

Insulation of vertical ceilings with expanded polystyrene

For almost any loggia, the insulation of the side walls bordering the street or unheated premises, as well as the parapet (wall under the loggia glazing) is carried out according to one scheme:

Now consider how to properly insulate the ceiling:

You can insulate the loggia by choosing another type of heat-insulating material. most popular alternative options Expanded polystyrene is foam, ordinary foam and mineral wool.

Balcony floor insulation

Exist various ways warming the loggia in part of the floor, we will consider the most effective and cost-effective method from our point of view.

The technology of floor insulation is as follows:

In this way, you can avoid the need for laying underfloor heating on the loggia.

Thermal insulation of the loggia from the outside

Since the removal to the loggia heating appliances prohibited by the rules of SNiP, it will also be necessary to insulate the loggia from the outside.

This can be done in two ways: using plaster and organizing a ventilated facade.

External insulation and plastering of the loggia

The first way can be implemented as follows:

External insulation using the ventilated method

When using the ventilated method, we insulate the loggia according to the following rules:

• First, brackets (reinforced suspensions) are installed perpendicular to the parapet of the loggia from the outside in increments of 30-40 cm horizontally and vertically.
• Then, having made holes for the brackets, a heater is laid close to the surface of the parapet. Most often, mineral wool slabs are used as external insulation.
  The insulation is covered from above with a windproof membrane and the mounted layers are additionally attached to the surface of the parapet using dowels.

• Further on the brackets depending on the type facing material and the method of its laying (horizontal or vertical), galvanized profile strips are installed, forming a frame. Siding is most preferable as an external one.
  With horizontal installation of siding, the frame strips are arranged vertically, with vertical installation - horizontally.
• They cover the outer surface of the loggia with siding panels, attaching them to the frame using self-tapping screws.

This method is very effective, since it eliminates the accumulation of moisture in the ventilated insulation, which means it allows it to function with full efficiency.

By insulating the loggia according to the instructions provided by us, you will be able to achieve the required level of comfort regardless of the temperature outside the window of your apartment. So, we figured out how to carry out the insulation of the loggia with our own hands - the housing issue on this topic can be considered resolved.

Owners small apartments you have to look for ideas for the optimal use of living space. And when it comes to expansion options, a balcony or loggia comes to mind. To increase the size of the rooms, they resort to combining them with a balcony area. If a suite and a refrigerator can hardly fit in the kitchen, but a door leads to a loggia or balcony from it, it is possible to combine the two rooms. In such an expanded kitchen there will be more space and light, functionality and convenience will increase, but you will also have to take a lot of trouble when reworking. Let's find out if it is possible to make a kitchen on the balcony.

Within the law

The temptation is high to remove the entire working area from sight and turn former kitchen in a cozy dining room, living room or hall. If you're dreaming of moving your sink, stove, and headset, keep in mind that you most likely won't be able to. In most cases, this will be prohibited by law. According to the information provided on the website of the City Service for Redevelopment and Approvals, projects to move the kitchen to the loggia are known to be inconsistent. But combining them is much easier. But only after carefully weighing all the pros and cons. In a fit of inspiration, you should not grab a jackhammer in your hands and destroy the barrier between the kitchen and the balcony. First, think carefully about your project, calculate what benefit in meters you will get in the end. Do not forget that part of the area will be "stealed" by a fairly wide layer of insulation and insulating materials.

Among the obvious advantages of the project, we single out:

• increase in usable area of ​​the premises;
• non-standard and original interior solution;
• functionality: the ability to place more furniture, household appliances;
• additional daylight.

The disadvantages include:

1. Costs: insulation, steam and waterproofing, removing communications, installing a heating system will cost a lot.
2. The legal aspect of redevelopment: it is necessary to develop a project in advance and coordinate it with the legal authorities. Often, collecting documents and obtaining the appropriate permit becomes a troublesome and protracted matter.

There are two options for merging.

1. Dismantling of the window-door opening with full preservation of the wall. The window sill partition is used as a countertop, bar counter, etc. In this case, permission for redevelopment is not required, since it does not exist as such. However, if you want to sell the apartment, you will have to return the window and door to their original place. If desired, you can also remove the window sill partition, without going beyond the vertical contour of the window.

   Dismantling of the balcony opening with preservation of the window sill partition

2. Complete dismantling of the wall between the kitchen and the balcony. This option will require mandatory approval. And in most cases, you will not receive permission for it, since the wall will be recognized as a carrier, that is, responsible for the strength of the building as a whole. Thickness bearing walls defined as follows: 120–140 mm for panel houses, over 200 mm for monolithic and 380 mm for brick.

   Complete dismantling of the balcony partition

To avoid fines and requirements to eliminate all alterations, be sure to coordinate the planned changes with the relevant authorities.

Stages of redevelopment approval:

1. Submission of the project to the BTI.
2. The approved project is coordinated with the SES and the Ministry of Emergency Situations for safety.
3. The approved project + a package of permits from the Housing Office + an agreement from technical supervision is agreed with the housing inspection, where the permit is issued.
4. The Housing Inspectorate draws up a final act on redevelopment upon completion of the repair.

What to place on the balcony / loggia

The easiest way is to limit yourself to the installation of furniture and household appliances, not requiring additional systems water and steam removal. Without approvals and permits, you can place a refrigerator, microwave, multicooker on the balcony.

Any devices capable of causing a fire, explosion or flooding will have to be long, tedious, and possibly unsuccessfully coordinated with the authorities responsible for safety.

The hardest thing to get approval for a transfer gas stove. It is better to stay on an electric stove / electric hob.

For a balcony kitchen, it is better to prefer an electric stove

For sink drain, pump, plumbing, extractor hood with check valve special permission is also required. Sewerage can be removed only to residents of the first floor.

Important: do not try to transfer the stationary common house heating system to the balcony, this is strictly prohibited. Provide heat from local sources (underfloor heating, electric convector, etc.).

Project ideas (photo gallery)

The window sill becomes the basis for practical worktop The cabinet with a sink fits perfectly into the width of the balcony The width of the balcony allows you to place a set with drawers on it Cozy dining area on the balcony Premium class option for a large loggia Minimum set required kitchen furniture placed on a small balcony The working area of ​​the kitchen on the balcony is generously illuminated by the sun Simple and functional kitchen

Moving the kitchen to the balcony step by step

Work begins with the dismantling of the old balcony cladding and glazing. For a new kitchen balcony, you will need a qualitatively different level of insulation and insulation.

Balcony enlargement

To enlarge usable area future kitchen, small balcony can be expanded. This can be achieved by moving forward the window part. A metal frame is welded along the perimeter, protruding from the edge of the balcony to the street to a width of up to 30 cm. Thus, the glazed area of ​​the balcony will become much wider (which is important for both 3-meter and 6-meter loggias) than the lower space, and on the metal frame there will be a practical window sill that can be used as a tabletop, flower stand, etc.

Enlargement of the balcony due to the removal of the window sill

Insulation and glazing

Insulation of the balcony railing is the basis of all work. Naturally, if you are dealing with a welded metal balcony railing, much more cost and effort will be required than when working with a brick railing on a loggia. Remember that when insulating a balcony, it is necessary to use only light insulating materials in order to prevent excessive load on the structure. Do not forget that to the whole mass finishing materials as a result, quite heavy equipment and furniture will be added.

Stages of work:

Important: in order to achieve maximum effect, insulate the balcony from the outside.

It is most practical to make external glazing from a two- or three-chamber PVC profile.

The withdrawal of communications (electrical wiring, sewerage, water supply) is recommended to be carried out strictly with the permission of the relevant inspections and in accordance with the approved schemes.

Design and finishing

Finishing walls, floors, ceilings is made from the usual finishing materials used in the renovation of the apartment. MDF will fit here or plastic panels, tile, laminate, etc. Try to choose lighter materials if you are dealing with a balcony.

Concerning color solutions, then it is preferable to use light colors: they visually expand the space. LED ceiling lighting will serve the same purpose.

Pay special attention to windows. Generous natural light must be regulated with curtains. Both ordinary curtains and blinds, Roman or roller blinds are suitable here.

Roman blinds will decorate the interior of the balcony and help regulate natural light.

When choosing furniture, pay attention to folding tables and chairs: they will significantly save space.

Design solutions for balcony kitchen:

1. Dining area on the balcony. This option is suitable for a spacious, well-lit loggia. There is a table here (it is possible to use the window sill opening as a base for the countertop), chairs, and a sofa.

   The window sill can be used as a bar counter for a snack and work

2. Balcony - work zone, combining a place for cooking, pantry and household appliances. This option should be worked out as much as possible in terms of functionality. Compact furniture, built-in appliances, pull-out modules, shelves on the window sill.

   The working area in the kitchen-loggia should be as functional as possible.

Kitchen and loggia: Housing problem (video)

Do not neglect the advice not to take on the arrangement of the kitchen on the balcony without the appropriate permits and approvals. This can cost you not only fines and penalties, but also problems with your neighbors. If you managed to get around all the obstacles and have legal grounds for redevelopment, go for it! Let it be cozy functional room, which will free up the main space of the house for pleasant and useful activities.

How to make a loggia warm?

The very first and most important step in getting warm loggia - this is its glazing with warm plastic structures.

The structures should contain exactly double glazing 32 mm thick or more. When placing an order for glazing, it is necessary to take into account additional expansion profiles , which are installed on top and on the sides (left, right) of the main structures. They will be needed for the subsequent installation of insulation and finishing.

After installation plastic glazing the loggia becomes more comfortable and beautiful - but not warm. In the cold season, the temperature on a glazed, but not insulated loggia, as a rule, is only 1-2 degrees higher than on the street.

If there is a desire and opportunity to make a “living room” out of the loggia, it is necessary to insulate it. This will require additional work and transformations - insulation of the parapet, side walls, ceiling and floor.

What comes before warming up?

In addition to glazing, the warming of the loggia is preceded by preparatory work. These include the laying of the parapet (if the parapet on the loggia is metal or does not coincide with the upper ceiling in the vertical level) and the construction of side walls from foam blocks, lightweight ceramic or silicate bricks. All this should be done before installing double-glazed windows.

What materials are best to use?

Thermal insulation work on the loggia are impossible without the use of modern extruded and rolled insulation, such as Penoplex, Penofol, Izolon, PPE. The small thickness and unique heat-saving properties of these materials make them indispensable for warming a small space, where every centimeter is important.

"Penoplex" or polystyrene?

To warm the loggia, you can use any of these materials. The difference in the technology of performing work: for example, foam plastic, compared to Penoplex, has a greater vapor permeability, which does not characterize it from the best side.

The thickness of the insulation is also different. And Penoplex turns out to be more profitable in terms of saving the internal space of the loggia.

Service life of one and the other differ almost 2 times: "Penoplex" retains its useful heat-saving properties longer.

It is worth mentioning the issue of fire safety: Styrofoam is considered a combustible material that releases harmful substances during combustion. "Penoplex", to put it simply, is self-extinguishing.

The only thing, in which "Penoplex" loses to polystyrene - the price. "Penoplex" is more expensive.

How to finish the walls insulated with Penoplex?

For finishing in this case, you can use GVL, VGKL, and Knauf aquapanels. And they can already be puttied, painted, wallpapered and so on.

How to not only insulate, but also soundproof the balcony?

For this you can use insulation brand ISOVER. This product is both heat and sound insulating. If the thermal insulation properties of the structure are a little more important than the soundproof ones, ISOVER Extra is preferable. If the creation of acoustic comfort is of paramount importance, we recommend ISOVER SoundProtection.

Is it possible to insulate the loggia on both sides?

Insulate the loggia(in particular, parapets) is possible from two sides, but this is not always advisable, since it is quite difficult to carry out installation work from the outside. Insulation on both sides makes sense if you want to achieve a certain thickness of thermal insulation and at the same time minimize the space inside the insulated loggia.

In terms of efficiency of the heat-insulating layer, it is unimportant whether it will be entirely on one side (internal or external) or will be interrupted in thickness. In the case of double-sided insulation, it is necessary to provide for the installation of a vapor barrier on the inside.

Insulation on both sides is required to save free space on the loggia. Partition - concrete slab 5cm Insulation from the street - 10 cm of foam. What can be insulated?

as thermal insulation 5 cm thick Light Butts stone wool slabs can be used, installed in a frame stuffed along the parapet. Then the structure is closed with a vapor barrier and sheathed with a finishing material.

How to insulate the concrete floor on the loggia?

One of the popular ways- the device of the floor on the logs. Before starting work, waterproofing is installed, after which logs are attached to the waterproofed concrete base. Thermal insulation is installed between the lags, on top of which a vapor barrier is installed. For insulation, it is recommended to use ISOVER Classic thermal insulation. Next, you can start facing work.

Do I need additional heating devices on the insulated loggia?

Remember, no matter how well you take care of keeping the heat on the loggia, there will be no heat if there is no heat source. Insulation can only store heat, but not generate it.

Pipes central heating It is strictly forbidden to take out on the loggia! (see the Housing Code of the Russian Federation). There are alternatives to solve this problem.

How important is the role of thermal insulation in the installation of a warm floor?

When installing underfloor heating systems It is recommended to always use heat-insulating materials. This will retain a significant amount of heat, except when heating mats are installed.

When using heating mats laying thermal insulation is not recommended, because. the thin layer of mortar covering the heating mat may crack. base under decorative coating should be tight and have sufficient rigidity.

Is it possible to insulate a wall with an underfloor heating system?

Walls can be insulated with heating mats. Fasten the mats to the wall, make sure that there are no kinks in the corners of the heating cable, i.e. do not bend the cable at an angle of 90 degrees. Tiled mixture must be applied evenly, avoiding the formation of voids that can contribute to overheating.

Insulate one part of the loggia, and leave the other cold. Is it possible?

This is possible subject to the norms of thermal insulation of the room. We recommend using variations of expanded polystyrene with a thickness of at least 50 mm. Mandatory for insulation is not only the floor, but also the walls and the ceiling of the loggia. Double-glazed windows are a must. And, of course, by all means mount the underfloor heating system. The recommended power tab for rooms of this type is 150 W / sq.m.

Why does condensation appear on the insulated loggia?

Most likely under your loggia an unheated room is located, or external walls insufficiently insulated, resulting in condensation. There is a concept of dew point - this is the temperature to which the air must be cooled so that the water vapor contained in it reaches the saturation limit, in other words, so that the relative humidity of the gas is 100%. The influx of water vapor or cooling air causes condensation to form.

Practical example: in warm room something is brought in from the frost. The air above the surface of such a thing cools below the dew point (for the current humidity and temperature), and condensation forms on the surface.

An approximate calculation of the dew point for a typical room is as follows: at a temperature of a warm floor of 30 degrees Celsius (on the screed) and a relative humidity of 60%, the dew point is 21.4 degrees, respectively, after turning off the underfloor heating system and cooling the cement to 21.4 degrees, condensation appears.

There are two ways to solve this problem:
- reduce the air humidity by installing, for example, electric convector or air dryer
- constantly maintain the temperature of the screed above 21.4 degrees.

Will tiles crack on an uninsulated loggia floor?

Nothing will happen if you choose frost-resistant tiles for outdoor use (for example, porcelain stoneware) and frost-resistant glue.

However, another problem may arise. If the loggia below you is not insulated, and you have normal glazing, then if heat flows from the room to the loggia (the door remains open), then condensation may appear on the uninsulated floor, up to freezing.

To fill the living room with natural light as much as possible, for glazing the balcony Mikhail Novinsky chose frameless glazing-Finnish design, which is applicable on all balconies without exception.

The balcony of our heroes is rectilinear, without corners, but with a projection and rather narrow, so frameless glazing is a great option that does not “eat up” space, but visually expands the loggia.

Frameless glazing design- This is a glass wall that closes the cold room from precipitation and debris, but can be completely removed in warm weather. The sashes are assembled in the corner of the room - the opening is completely open. Moreover, such glazing can be “high” - from floor to ceiling. It is suitable for perimeters of any shape: round, oval, angular. It is used for glazing balconies, loggias, terraces, verandas, summer kitchens - for any cold rooms.

History of creation

Very popular in Finland cold frameless glazing. It was invented 40 years ago and takes into account the need to protect non-residential premises from snow, rain and dust, and at the same time people's need for sun, air and sunlight. Finns are known to be very close to nature. Even in urban high-rise buildings they want to be able to enjoy the sun on a warm summer day, drink a cup of tea in the fresh air, play sports on a spacious bright balcony in any weather. An important point for law-abiding citizens is the observance building codes and rules. Separately, it is worth noting Finnish frugality and thrift in relation to resources and housing.

Frameless design perfectly meets these needs and peculiarities of the mentality of the Finns. Over 40 years of operation, frameless systems have been improved, supplemented important details. In recent decades, frameless glazing has crossed the borders of Finland and is gaining popularity in Germany, warm Spain, and Canada. In Russia, this type of glazing, due to its high cost, is used in VIP projects by private designers, in projects by Finnish architects, and leading Moscow architectural bureaus.

Where and how is Lumon produced?

The success of the popularity of frameless glazing- simplicity and reliability of the design. Lumon frameless glazing is produced at the plant in Kouvola. The production is robotized and equipped with precision machinery. Each product is made individually. Measurement and installation are entrusted to trained specialists.

For production use Aluminium alloy , which does not corrode even in the conditions of aggressive northerly sea winds and rains of Helsinki. Glass is also used is not simple: tempered 6, 8, 12 mm sheets. This type of glass is highly durable. It can't be broken in ordinary living conditions. But even if it breaks, it shatters into small pieces to avoid injury and cuts, like car windows.

Design does not require special care and service. Even a slight shrinkage of the house will not disrupt its work.