The best way to insulate walls from the inside - three methods with detailed installation technology. Proper insulation of the walls of the house from the inside

Today, many experts are of the opinion that insulating a house from the inside does more harm than good. But there are ways to insulate a home that can really make it much more comfortable and cozy. But before choosing this type of insulation, it is better to understand what it is and why experts do not recommend it.

The essence and problems of internal insulation

When insulating a house from the inside, you need to take into account some features.

Most experts really believe that insulating the inside of a house is only worth it as a last resort, advising insulation on the outside. What is meant in this case by the word “inside”? This refers to the direct covering of the walls of rooms with any materials. And if floors, ceilings and some other areas can be easily insulated, it is with the insulation of walls that many problems arise.

The main difficulty is the transition of the wall surface to the cold zone. Usually, if any thermal insulation is missing, warm air from the room passes through the walls, heating them. If insulation is laid from the inside, air masses will collide with them, unable to escape outside. In this case, all walls remain cold, and there is a risk of cracks.

For this reason alone, it is worth considering whether it is necessary to insulate private house from the inside instead of thermal insulation from the outside. It’s logical: why waste money and your energy if the result is only cracked walls and a cold room? But this is only part of the difficulties. In addition to damage to insulated surfaces, there is condensation and other troubles that will appear in a minimum time if even a small mistake is made during the insulation work.

About building materials

Mineral wool is a good insulation material for insulation wooden house.

However, even despite all the shortcomings, decisions are increasingly being made to insulate a wooden or brick private house from the inside. For the sake of warm winters and their comfort, owners are willing to take risks. To reduce the likelihood of an unpleasant outcome, you need to carefully study the insulation technology and all its nuances.

Today, in all the variety of insulation materials, three can be particularly highlighted:

extruded polystyrene foam (penoplex or polystyrene foam);
mineral wool;
wood fiber boards.

The first two materials, widely used for insulating the facade of buildings from the outside, are installed almost identically, but there are some subtleties in using the third option. That is why it is worth considering two ways to insulate a private house from the inside.

Covering walls with mineral wool and foam plastic

Mineral wool and foam plastic are also suitable for insulation brick house from the inside.

There are two options for laying these materials. One of them, the standard one, repeats all the stages of insulating walls from the outside: laying slabs on a previously cleaned surface, mechanical fastening, reinforcement and subsequent decoration. It is this method of insulation that leads to the problems described above. More condensation accumulates on the walls, cracks appear faster, plus the house loses footage that can be used more successfully.

The second option of insulation with mineral wool or polystyrene foam is the most successful. At the first stage, a special wooden or metal frame. This is where the insulation is placed. Perhaps this design is similar to the previous one, but there are differences that allow you to control what is happening inside, avoiding difficulties, because the insulating materials are not “tightly” mounted to the wall.

Advice! You can create removable panels, with the help of which it is easy to monitor the occurrence of condensation and protect foam or mineral wool from it.

Fiberboards

Before you start insulation work panel house Learn the technology from the inside.

Fiberboard is a fairly common material that is used for various purposes, including for finishing the outside of houses. It is better for them to insulate buildings due to their excellent insulation characteristics and ability to absorb noise. Often, owners of private houses want not only to make wooden or brick house warm, but also protect it from extraneous sounds. Wood fiber boards are great for this, combining both properties and providing an opportunity to save money.

You can cut and process the edges of the slabs with any available tools, which makes the finishing options very diverse. Their installation is also very simple: it can be done correctly and simply by nailing it with long (more than 35 mm) nails.

Advice! It is better to use 16-18 fasteners per slab.

Dural plates are installed under the nail heads. The correct way to do the driving is in a checkerboard pattern.

Advice! It is better to recess the heads of the fasteners a little in the insulation so that they do not stick out.

Important! If the walls of the house are plastered, the fiberboard may not be nailed down, but rather glued to PVA or special mastic.

The method of insulating the walls of a private house with wood fiber boards is quite good, but it also does not guarantee that problems will not arise in the future. That is why experts advise insulating houses from the outside. But this method also has its advantages. One of them is the possibility of laying electrical cables inside the surface.

Important! For cables, special grooves must be installed in advance.

Insulation of the ceiling surface

Ceilings are almost always included in the complex of work for insulating a house, since it is through the roof that a wooden or brick house loses a greater percentage of heat. It is quite difficult to insulate it correctly using the same fiberboard, since the material must be lifted and an aluminum support made for it.

About floors

If the ceiling of the lower floor is well insulated, the floors of the second and subsequent floors will always remain warm. On the first floor, the floor must be properly insulated so that cold does not enter the house, especially if it is panel, from the basement.

All floor insulation options are also based on fibreboards, which in this case are used in combination with other materials. For example, before laying fiberboard you can cover the floor with roofing felt, having previously dismantled the existing covering. If the owners do not want to bother with this, they use the option of insulating the outside with special carpets. They are coated with a special substance that retains dust and at the same time simplifies cleaning.

Important! When using carpets Fiberboard is still needed. They are nailed to the floor and then treated with adhesive.

In this case, it is correct to apply the glue not over the entire area, but in strips several centimeters wide.

Advice! For better adhesion of surfaces, carpets can be pressed with boards for a day.

utepleniedoma.com

Insulating a house from the inside - the correct order of work

If you properly insulate the house from the inside, you can significantly reduce energy costs for heating (especially in the northern regions). Therefore, it makes no sense to skimp on this aspect. This article will discuss in detail how to perform this procedure with your own hands.

We analyze the features of internal thermal insulation

We can talk endlessly about the advantages of façade insulation. However, such a technique is not always available (for example, if external finishing building has already been completed). In such cases, work has to be done inside the house.

We are trying to find the advantages of the technique

This technique has few positive qualities:

Simplicity - all work can be done without problems with your own hands, because there is no need to create large “scaffoldings”.
Possibility of carrying out work regardless of the time of year. Proper external insulation should be carried out at positive temperatures, in the absence of precipitation and low humidity. Work inside can be carried out under any conditions
Availability. You can do the work gradually. This is convenient in cases where a person does not have the opportunity to immediately begin large-scale work, and he plans to insulate the most important rooms with his own hands first, and not the entire building.

We analyze all the shortcomings

Regarding negative points, then there are plenty of them:

Significant reduction in premises area, especially if it is planned interior decoration. Of course, you can make a small thickness of the thermal insulation layer, but this will negatively affect the efficiency.

Tip: Choose the right insulator size. To avoid making a mistake with your choice, look at online calculators or calculate the recommended insulator thickness with your own hands.

Condensation begins to form under the insulation at a faster rate. This is due to the incorrect dew point shift. How to correct this consequence with your own hands will be discussed in the next paragraph.
When insulating the interior, the walls will practically stop warming up. They will not participate in protecting the house from the cold, and most importantly, their service life will begin to decrease.
If you create frames indoors for laying insulators, this will inevitably lead to the formation of so-called “cold bridges”. As a result, the efficiency of the insulation will decrease.

Dew point problem

From this picture you can easily understand the principle of this term.

The dew point is the point at which moisture that comes from the air begins to condense. This situation inevitably leads to the destruction of walls (brick walls suffer the most) and insulating material. Thermal insulation from the inside helps the dew point move closer to the room. However, the situation can be improved if you take a set of measures:

Purchase insulators with very low vapor permeability and moisture absorption. As a result, the moisture that accumulates inside the room will practically not enter the walls.

Advice: the most suitable option for this criterion is foamed polyurethane foam. However, its cost is relatively high.

When laying the insulator with your own hands, avoid joints. Even the slightest cracks will contribute to the formation of condensation.
Install a vapor barrier layer with one-way conductivity. You can use a special membrane film.
Arrange the layers of thermal insulation in order of increasing degree of vapor permeability. That is, those materials for which this indicator is minimal should be located indoors.

We step by step analyze the insulation process

The theoretical aspect has been studied, now it is time for practice. Most of the operations described below can be easily done with your own hands, even without special skills.

How to properly prepare the surface

Preliminary procedures are the most labor-intensive and critical stage. You will need to do the following:

Deal with the wiring. If it is inside the walls, it must be brought outside. For this purpose there are distribution boxes and wires are led out from them (the connection is made through special terminals). WITH external wiring(which is placed in special cable channels) is even simpler - you just need to disassemble it.

Important! If you do not have electrical skills, it is better to invite a specialist to avoid fatal mistakes.

The next step is leveling the rough surface (the process of dismantling the finishing is not considered). If the walls are brick or concrete, then a small layer will help cement screed. Defects wooden surfaces can be removed using a plane.
Next, dust and dirt are removed. Do not wet the surface!
Now you need to thoroughly dry the walls to prevent the appearance of fungus and mold. For this purpose, heat guns or convectors are used. These devices must be operated until all moisture has completely evaporated.
Then you should cover the surface with antiseptics, especially if we are talking about a wooden structure.
When the impregnations have completely dried, a vapor barrier material is attached to the surface using a special moisture-resistant glue.

Creating a frame of strength

Now you need to build a frame from bars (their size should be no less than the expected thickness of the thermal insulation layer). IN wooden house They are attached directly to large self-tapping screws. For brick and concrete buildings, you will have to pre-drill holes and install dowels and nails in them.

The distance between the bars is made according to the size of the selected insulation - this makes the work easier. In addition to vertical logs, several more horizontal ones are installed, in increments of 1-1.5 meters. They are needed to ensure maximum rigidity of the frame.

Laying the insulator

All that's left to do is to place heat-insulating material in the emerging niches using special glue. The following models are actively used for internal insulation:

Foam plastic. The cheapest analogue, which is characterized by low efficiency. It is permissible to use it only with impressive wall thickness, or in warm regions.
Mineral wool. It is recommended to use the basalt variety, as it has low thermal conductivity (in this segment it is second only to penoplex).
Penoplex. The most advanced thermal insulation material to date. He has a very light weight, so it is very easy to install.

When laying, no gaps are allowed. It is best to do two layers in a “checkerboard” order, since all joints will be securely hidden.

Let's consider alternative options

The options presented above are not the only ones that are suitable for this task. Two more methods are actively used:

Warm plasters - special mixture simply applied to the surface. Only suitable for thick brick or aerated concrete walls. There is no need for the construction of a frame and preliminary preparation.
Foamed polyurethane foam. Apply similar polyurethane foam. When using it, there is no need to lay a vapor barrier material, since good adhesion to the surface is necessary. A frame is created with a large step (1-1.2 m). Polyurethane foam is sprayed into it and subsequently covered with some sheet material.

remontami.ru

How to insulate a house from the inside: methods and materials

In the conditions of the domestic winter, the issue of additional insulation of housing is quite important for any owner of an apartment or private house. Moreover, in the second case we are also talking about significant cost savings, since insulated walls will help reduce energy consumption for heating.

You can reduce the thermal conductivity of enclosing structures with your own hands and, accordingly, reduce heat loss and increase the temperature inside the premises in several ways. One of them is internal insulation.

Mineral wool

One of the most popular materials for insulating homes inside are various types mineral wool. They are mounted using a frame system and lathing made of wooden beams. In this case, the sheathing should be 20-30 mm narrower than the mineral wool sheets - this is the only way to ensure its tight fit between the beams with no gaps.

Cotton wool for insulation can be in the form of rolls, well suited for small rooms, or in sheets (option for a large room).

Features of application

The main advantages of using mineral wool are:

high resistance to high temperatures and chemicals;
low thermal conductivity;
good sound insulation properties.

Among the disadvantages of the material, besides the fact that during installation it should be handled very carefully (using a mask or respirator to protect against mineral wool dust), the main one is the need to cover it from the side of the room with sheets of drywall. This leads to the room being visually reduced in size.

Expanded polystyrene

Another common type of insulation is polystyrene foam, sometimes used for interior decoration.

It can be extruded or foamed, although the only difference is in the way the materials are produced. Their properties are almost the same.

Advantages and disadvantages

The material owes its popularity to its low cost compared to most other insulation materials. For this reason, it is used quite often, insulating walls, ceilings and even the facades of a private house or apartment. Moreover, it is suitable for both panel and brick buildings.

At the same time, when using polystyrene foam, it is worth knowing about a number of its disadvantages:

about low service life. The passport data indicates a maximum operational period of 20 years, however certain conditions, for example, if the insulation technology is not followed correctly, the period is reduced by half or even three times;
about promoting the formation of mold underneath, causing asthma and allergies. This happens due to the almost complete airtightness of the material, which often leads to the appearance of fungal formations that are unfavorable to human health;
about the release of dangerous gas in case of fire. Expanded polystyrene, although it does not burn, melts when ignited and emits black smoke and very dangerous phosgene gas, leading to paralysis of the respiratory tract.

Polyurethane foam

Choosing polyurethane foam as insulation ensures the creation of a moisture-resistant and heat-resistant barrier inside an apartment or house. Although applying it is quite problematic.

In order for the foamed liquid, which initially represents the material, to harden as evenly as possible and have required thickness, formwork is used, and the space is not filled with the entire volume of foam at once, but in parts.

To improve the protective properties of the material, waterproofing is installed in the form of a polyethylene film, attached to the enclosing structures of the room with slats and sealant.

To avoid finishing and plastering of polyurethane foam, which it may not withstand, a special plasterboard wall. This design will also protect the surface of the insulation from the formation of condensation on it.

Pros and cons of the material

The main advantage of the material compared to others is achieving maximum adhesion to the wall and providing better thermal insulation properties.

However, due to the fact that polyurethane foam does not form a layer on a vertical surface very well, it is more often used to insulate horizontal structures. For example, floors attic spaces and basements, as well as roof slopes.

Using a double wall

One more interesting option To ensure comfortable temperature conditions in your home, you can install a double wall. In this case, “warm floor” elements are used, mounted inside outer wall.

To improve appearance vertical structures The heaters are covered from above with plasterboard or a second wall ½ brick thick. And the insulation (any) is attached to the outside of the plasterboard partition.

Possible nuances

The option with a double wall and one of the insulation chosen by the homeowner is suitable for periods of severe frost, when such thermal protection prevents both dampness and destruction of the walls. The disadvantages in this case are the reduction in room area and significant electricity bills.

Cork wallpaper

A new and fairly effective finishing material used for insulation is wallpaper made from natural cork, obtained by crushing and pressing the bark of cork trees.

They are highly environmentally friendly and versatile, as they can be varnished or left uncoated, maintaining their porous surface.

Is it worth using?

The advantages of the material include:

high fire-resistant, antibacterial, as well as heat and sound insulation properties;
long service life exceeding 20 years;
ease of installation and further maintenance.

The surface for gluing them should be prepared even more carefully than when painting or using the most ordinary wallpaper.

Don’t think that the thickness of the material will hide the imperfections of the walls. Cork wallpaper is not capable of this.

The durability of the coating may be its disadvantage. Over time, wanting to update the interior with his own hands, the apartment owner will be faced with the impossibility of either painting over the cork wallpaper or sealing it. Removing them from the wall will also not be easy, especially since in this case you will have to look for new insulation.

Additional insulation

In addition to using the listed materials, indoor walls are additionally insulated in the following ways:

“warm plaster”;
liquid means(suspensions);
vapor barrier films.

“Warm” plaster, containing not sand, but crushed polystyrene foam, is very quickly applied to surfaces and in the same as soon as possible grabs. In addition, it has high thermal insulation properties - 5 cm of such material will replace two rows of bricks. And such advantages of plaster as vapor permeability ensure good condensation in the house and, accordingly, a healthy atmosphere.

Thanks to special liquid preparations with antifungal and anti-corrosion properties, it is possible to increase the thermal insulation properties of surfaces. If you apply this material not in one layer, but in two or three, you can replace a 10-centimeter layer of mineral wool. The suspension also successfully resists the effects of thermal radiation.

In order to reduce the impact of moisture on insulation materials, they are protected with vapor barrier films.

Summing up

Of course, you can save on heating a private home using interior decoration. Moreover, this is exactly what many property owners do, hiring specialists for insulation or doing the work themselves. However, over time, the insulation ceases to perform its functions, and the structures protected with its help begin to freeze almost more than before. Why does this happen - after all, the most modern and popular materials were used for insulation?

The cause of the problem lies in the insulation method itself - internal, and therefore providing minimal results. When insulation is placed indoors, the dew point (the place where condensation occurs) shifts towards the room - due to lower (tens of times) thermal conductivity compared to brick or concrete. Thus, moisture does not form inside the building envelope, where it would cause virtually no harm, but inside the insulating material. The walls become damp, mold begins to appear, and the wallpaper pasted on top turns black.

Much more effective is external insulation, which is used much more often than interior finishing and provides best conditions indoors. Using this method of preserving heat in the house prevents structures from “sweating” and fungus from appearing.

Insulation from the outside also allows you to seal those joints and cracks that would be impossible to reach from the inside. Internal placement of insulating materials is possible only in a number of cases when external work is impractical - for example, the façade of a building cannot be changed by decision of the authorities, or there is an elevator or part of an expansion joint behind the wall.

x-teplo.ru

How to insulate walls from the inside in a private house - useful tips

Many experts today believe that if you insulate a house from the inside, it will do more harm than good. But expert opinions differ.

There are many ways to insulate a home that make your home cozier and more comfortable. Before choosing this method of insulation, you need to understand what this type is.

There are some features that should always be taken into account when insulating a house. Only in extreme cases can you insulate a house inside by insulating it outside.

How do we understand the word “inside”? What we mean here is that the walls are directly covered with certain materials. If ceilings, or floors, or any other areas are insulated without problems, then a lot of fuss may arise with insulating the walls. The main difficulty is when the wall surface enters a cold zone.

In general, when there is no insulation of any kind, the walls are heated by warm air that passes from the room. And if you put insulation inside, then air masses will collide with it and will not be able to escape outside. This creates a risk of cracks appearing and all the walls in such cases will be cold.

This is one of the reasons that suggests that it is worth thinking about the question: instead of thermal insulation from the outside, should a private house be insulated from the inside? The logical answer is: you shouldn’t waste effort and money, because as a result you can still end up with a cold room and cracked walls. This is part of the difficulty...

And, if you don’t make even small mistakes, then you can forget about poor insulation of surfaces.

Materials for insulating walls from the inside in a private house

Let's talk about materials for construction.

Suitable for a wooden house good insulation mineral wool.

In general, insulation materials are varied, for example:

extruded polystyrene foam (penoplatst),
fibreboards
and mineral wool.

For exterior buildings and façade insulation, the first two materials are used. But mivat and polystyrene foam are often used to insulate a private house from the inside. These two materials are also suitable for insulating the inside of a brick house.

These materials have two different options styling

The first option for laying miwata and foam plastic

The first one is standard. He insulates the walls using the method from the outside.

First, the slabs are laid on the surface, which must be prepared and cleaned in advance, then the slabs are mechanically secured, reinforcement is done, and finally decoration is done.

The second option for laying miwata and foam

The second - this option of insulation with polystyrene foam and mineral wool is the most successful.

First, the first stage takes place, in which a special metal or wooden frame. The insulation is placed precisely in it. This design is somewhat similar to the previous one.

The only difference is that insulating materials are not “tightly” mounted to the wall. This avoids the difficulty of controlling what is happening inside. Advice! To protect mineral wool or polystyrene from condensation, you need to create removable panels.

Wood fiber boards

Wood-fiber boards are used for insulation work from the inside of a panel house. This material is also used for finishing the outside of a house, but in general it is used for very different purposes.

It has excellent insulating properties and absorbs noise. Very often, owners of wooden or brick houses want to protect them from sounds. Fiberboards are excellent for this. Since they combine two properties, this makes it possible to save money.

The slabs are treated with antiseptic agents and are poisonous to insects and rodents. Such slabs are not affected by air humidity and temperature changes.

The slabs are cut with any available materials. The edges are processed in the same way. This makes the finish very diverse.

Installation is done by simple nailing.

Advice! 14-16 fasteners can be used per slab. Only in a checkerboard pattern you need to drive. Dural plates are used under nail heads.

The scope of work also includes ceilings, because a large percentage of heat is lost through the roof. It is also insulated using wood-fiber boards. But they need to be raised on an aluminum support.

Advice! To prevent the heads of the nails from sticking out, they need to be recessed a little into the insulation. Important! The slabs may not arrive. They can be glued to a special mastic if the walls are plastered.

In addition to all this, it is necessary to insulate the floors on the first floor, especially if the cold comes from the basement and if the house is panel. To insulate the floor, slabs are also used, but in combination with roofing felt.

If the owners do not want to bother with it, then they can use special carpets to insulate the outside. Cleaning is simplified by applying a special substance that holds dust.

Methods for insulating the walls of private houses from the inside are quite good, but they do not guarantee that problems will not arise in the future. Therefore, in addition to insulation from the inside, houses need to be insulated from the outside.

How to insulate walls from the inside in a private house made of foam blocks

Houses made of foam blocks have quite good heat-retaining properties, but in harsh conditions climatic conditions and such homes may require additional insulation.

So how to insulate walls from the inside in a private house? Insulation in residential buildings usually carried out from the inside, but it is simply impossible to complete the cladding in this way. Sometimes home owners do not want to disrupt the attractive appearance of the house. It also happens that a building is attached to a building that is not heated or there is a building nearby.

Therefore, for many who own personal plot, the important question is how to insulate a wall from the inside. In a private home, this procedure is carried out simply, and can be used various materials.

Insulators

Mineral wool. The usual basalt insulator or fiberglass is used, which is less harmful to human health;
Expanded polystyrene. The price of this material is higher than mineral wool, but insulation will probably not cost much more. Since when using polystyrene foam there is no need to install the frame. But you need to take into account that this material is more harmful than mineral wool;
Polyurethane foam. This material is environmentally friendly, but such insulation will be expensive. When applying it, it is necessary to use special equipment, and therefore it will not be possible to perform insulation with polyurethane foam on your own.

Selecting an insulator

Today the most popular insulator is basalt wool. In its production, stone fiber is used, which is impregnated with resins.

This material is considered harmful because the resins contain phenol formaldehyde.

If you have made a choice of basalt wool, then the main attention should be paid to its quality and brand. Good characteristics are present in Ursa basalt wool and its price is reasonable.

Fiberglass wool is considered safer, but it is not completely environmentally friendly. In this case, it is best to buy the most quality material, good option is “Isover” or the same “Ursa”, but now fiberglass.

Expanded polystyrene should be used if the walls inside the room are smooth and even. The slabs are installed with glue and without the use of a frame.

The ideal option is to insulate the house during construction: it is easier to carry out all the work taking into account the design, select materials and carry out all the work sequentially. But this may not be possible, for example, if the building was purchased ready-made or the need for additional thermal insulation was not taken into account during construction. In this case, it remains possible to start insulating the walls inside the house when it is completely completed.

Types of insulation of an individual house

All types of insulation are divided into two main ones: external and internal. Like any construction technologies, each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages that must be taken into account when choosing in a particular situation.

The external method of carrying out work, as the name suggests, involves equipping the building’s walls with insulating elements from the outside. The advantages of this technical solution include:

preventing negative aggressive effects on external walls environment- this increases the service life of facades and external elements of the “box”;
internal usable area the premises will not be reduced by the installation of additional insulating structures;
the location of the dew point outside the building, which prevents fogging of the internal walls.

But, unfortunately, this method may not always be used. The reason may be the need to preserve the natural appearance of the facades, or they are structurally designed in such a way that they do not allow the use of external installation of insulation.

In this case, work is carried out to insulate your home from the inside. This technique also has clear advantages, especially for individual developers, the main one of which is ease of installation - the ability to carry out insulation work is quite accessible to any home craftsman.

Important! The internal insulation method is the only way out when additional thermal insulation is required city apartment in a high-rise building.

Before installing the selected material for thermal insulation, you should take into account the biggest and most important disadvantage of this type of work: the dew point, which, due to the location of the warm layer with inside walls are located inside the room. Since the wall remains cold, moisture condenses inside between it and the layer of insulating material.

The appearance of condensation is fraught with many troubles, ranging from the formation of fungal and mold formations, to the appearance of cracks and destruction of walls under the influence of ice microcrystals. Mandatory action will produce carefully thought-out hydro- and vapor barrier of walls and insulation.

For independent insulation of walls indoors, there are several on the market. available types material.

Penoplex

Currently, when carrying out thermal insulation work in buildings internal method Penoplex (expanded polystyrene) is used more often than others. It is produced in a factory by foaming polystyrene and molding it under slight pressure into slabs of different thicknesses and overall dimensions.

As the thickness of the slab increases, its thermal insulation properties also increase. Due to its low density (the material is very light), simple processing and installation, penoplex is especially convenient when carrying out work independently - it can be installed even alone.

In addition to its low cost, expanded polystyrene has a number of positive parameters due to its chemical and physical properties:

low thermal conductivity allows you to effectively retain heat without releasing it outside the premises;
has the property of absorbing sound, which makes it an additional effective sound insulator - sounds from outside will penetrate less into the room;
is hydrophobic, that is, it cannot transmit or absorb moisture;
the consequence of the previous is the preservation of properties under the influence of a humid environment;
long service life;
lack of self-decomposition with the release of toxic substances - its use is safe indoors;
is not affected by temperature fluctuations and is able to maintain properties over a very wide range;
low density leads to low weight - transporting, carrying and installing insulation is not difficult;
easy to process with the simplest set of tools;
non-flammable, which is especially important when used indoors near electrical cables;
chemically and biologically inert - does not rot and does not form the basis for the formation of fungus and mold.

Technological sequence of work

Brief step by step description installation of insulation:

We prepare the internal surfaces of the walls - cleaning, sealing cracks and cracks using a spatula and putty mixtures;
We prime surfaces using acrylic primers to protect against the possible appearance of fungus or mold;
We apply a layer of glue to the dry, primed wall (the same as on a polystyrene board) and glue the insulation to the wall. It is necessary to glue from the bottom up, sealing the cracks with construction foam;
Adhesive slabs should be secured to ensure safety. plastic dowels(attach corners and center);
Carry out waterproofing by covering the slabs with plastic film high density, gluing their joints with mounting tape;
A plaster mesh is stretched over the waterproofing layer;
Plaster is applied over the mesh and finishing coverings.

The work with penoplex is completed - the room is insulated and ready to move in.

Before mass use polymer materials The most common was the use of mineral wool in both industrial and individual construction.

Important! The industry produces several types of mineral wool: stone, glass and slag. The optimal set of properties is stone. But you should be careful when using glass wool - it can become a source of serious trouble if you do not follow special safety measures when working with it.

This thermal insulation material is produced in rolls, rigid slabs or flexible mats. Mineral wool is still widely used and has a number of characteristic advantages:

has good insulating properties (low thermal conductivity);
has sound absorption properties (noise protection);
does not interfere with the passage of vapors;
does not emit toxins - environmentally friendly material;
good heat resistance allows use in close proximity to heat sources (stoves, fireplaces, chimney ducts and pipes);
moisture resistance - mineral wool is not saturated with moisture;
does not rot and does not allow mold and fungi to develop;
does not respond to sudden and significant temperature changes;
does not burn;
has a long service life.

You should pay special attention to the disadvantages of this material - first of all, it is its large mass, so you should always carefully calculate the possibility of additional load on the walls due to the weight of the insulation. In addition, increased vapor permeability leads to the threat of moisture accumulation near the walls, so careful waterproofing is a prerequisite.

Sequence of actions

Work on thermal insulation of premises from the inside with mineral wool looks like this:

The surface of the walls is thoroughly cleaned;
Cracks and crevices are sealed;
The walls are covered with plastic film using thin slats. The seams are taped with mounting tape;
A lathing made of wooden blocks is attached to the wall - the distance between them should coincide with the width of the roll or slab of mineral wool;
Mineral wool is laid tightly, end-to-end;
The joints are taped with tape;
On top you need to make another layer of waterproofing from polyethylene film(completely similar to the first);
“Closing” is carried out, that is, the internal rigid part of the insulating layer is installed. The materials you can use are plasterboard, lining and others.

Upon completion it is made decorative finishing surfaces - this completes the procedure for insulating the room using mineral wool.

Foil materials

Technological progress does not stand still, and more and more new developments and materials appear. Foil insulation is quickly and actively conquering the market and has already become popular and in demand everywhere.

Important! Structurally, foil insulation is a flexible thin heat-insulating material coated with metal foil. The foil itself cannot be classified as a heat insulator, since it is very thermally conductive. But its role is to reflect infrared radiation: It simply reflects the heat back into the room, and a thin layer of thermal insulation completes the job - almost all the heat remains inside the building.

The industry has already established the production of a whole range of similar materials - they may have a heat-insulating layer of foamed polyethylene or polystyrene, or they may be based on mineral wool. They may have foil on one side, or they may have foil on both. There are even options with a self-adhesive composition, which makes placing the material on the wall as easy as possible.

One of the most widely used materials produced using ultra-modern technology is penofol. The procedure for insulation with its help is as follows (for other options for foil insulation, the process is similar):

As in other cases, the first step is to clean the surface of the walls;
Sealing gaps and cracks in surfaces;
Fastening the wooden bars of the sheathing - the distance between them corresponds to a roll of penofol;
Laying insulation with foil towards the room. It must be placed end-to-end, sealing the seams with foil tape;
Finishing the surface (plaster, lining and others).

This completes the entire insulation process. As can be seen from the above diagram, this is the simplest method of insulation, which does not require waterproofing measures - heat-insulating materials with foil based on polymer insulation do not require additional work.

Wooden house - insulation features

The natural wall material - wood - determines some features when insulating walls inside a wooden house:

Pre-treatment of the wall with antisecticides;
Treating surfaces with compounds that prevent wood rotting;
Carefully check the surface for cracks and cracks formed during shrinkage wooden structure. If found, it is necessary to carefully caulk them;
The need for vapor barrier - moisture should not penetrate to the wood of the walls.

When a wooden house is insulated from the inside, this leads to an increase in humidity in the room. To eliminate this drawback, it is necessary to install a forced ventilation system - this will return comfort to the room and eliminate the threat of condensation.

As can be concluded from all of the above, the choice interior work for insulating a house with your own hands has many disadvantages when compared with the external method. But if necessary, such work can be carried out without extra costs and with high results, especially when using modern materials - the main thing is to carry out all work competently and carefully follow the insulation installation technology.

It is best to insulate walls immediately, when building a house. However, there are times when walls need to be insulated from the inside. As a rule, apartment owners face this when harsh winters are stronger than the developer’s insulation. Professionals say that insulating walls from the inside is not recommended for several reasons.

This will “steal” some of the space. The fact is that in addition to the insulation, which in itself is quite voluminous, space will also be taken up facing materials, which you can’t do without. You can insulate walls from the inside yourself, without resorting to the services of professional builders.
At temperatures below -18 degrees, concrete walls in apartment buildings freeze, the ice comes into contact with the insulation, and this affects the main characteristics of the insulation materials.
At temperatures from 0 degrees to +10, condensation forms in the gap between the insulation and the wall. This can also degrade the quality of the insulation system.

Therefore, when insulating, you must adhere to the two most important rules:

It is imperative to create a vapor barrier. This will protect against the formation of condensation and all the negative consequences associated with it.
It is necessary to consider the ventilation system. If the ventilation is poorly done, then the moisture that should be removed through it will settle in the corners of the room. Because of this, a whole colony of unwanted and harmful microorganisms can form in the room.

You can insulate walls from the inside yourself, without the help of professional builders. However, in order to do this, you need to study a sufficient amount of information in order to avoid mistakes.

The point is that for different walls There is different types insulation materials. What's good for concrete wall, may not be suitable for brick or wood at all.

Today we will look at three types of materials that are suitable for keeping your home warm and cozy. Each of them is good in its own way and has a number of its own shortcomings.

In everyday life, this type of insulation is often called simply mineral wool. This synthetic insulation with a fibrous structure. It is also called stone because it is made from basalt minerals. During construction modern buildings Heat and sound insulation is usually carried out using mineral wool. Mineral wool has a number of advantages that consumers rely on:

Mineral wool is cheaper than many other materials, and this is an important factor, especially when carrying out large volumes of work.
The length, width and thickness of mineral wool can be different, which means that you can choose the option that you need and not adapt to the characteristics of the insulation.
During operation, its structure reduces atomization.
Mineral wool is packaged in small, neat bales, which simplifies its transportation.
Possesses low level thermal conductivity.
It exfoliates well.
Resistant to chemicals.
Does not change shape under pressure.
Minvata – non-flammable material, resistant to temperature influences
Water repellent.

In the end, mineral wool is very easy to use and therefore perfect for insulating a room with your own hands.

However, it should also be taken into account negative qualities mineral wool for thermal insulation of the house. When exposed to strong heating, toxic substances are released: phenol-formaldehyde, carcinogenic fractions, etc. It is also not at all beneficial for the body to inhale mineral wool particles from the air.

From what is written above, it is clear that working with mineral wool is unsafe for your health. Therefore, prepare thoroughly before you begin. The room that needs to be insulated must be separated from other rooms using a partition. Try to make sure there are no drafts around. Be sure to use a protective respirator, rubber work gloves, and safety glasses. Keep children and animals away. When finished, clean up immediately and thoroughly, and change all your clothes to clean ones.

Before starting work, you need to choose the material that suits you to achieve your goals. Mineral wool is divided into several types and types.

Types of mineral wool:

Lungs. Density – 10-90 kg/m3. Used to insulate structures with a frame.
Heavy. Density over 90 kg/m3. They are used to insulate frames, as they are resistant to heavy loads.
Technical. This type is of no interest to us; it is used for insulation of technical equipment.

Types of mineral wool depending on the materials from which the insulation is made:

Stelovat
Stone wool
Slag wool

Internal wall insulation with cotton wool is always done in the same sequence. With experience, you will cope much faster.

So let's begin.

The first stage is preparation

It is necessary to clean the surface of any remaining paint, wallpaper and other materials, and remove all protrusions. Then treat the walls against mold. It is not at all necessary to level the walls; all unevenness can be eliminated during thermal insulation.

The second stage - installation of the frame

Assemble the frame itself from metal strips at a distance of 5-10 cm from the wall. The frame may well be wooden, but wood, as builders say, “walks” and therefore this option is undesirable. The profile pitch in the vertical direction is from 60 to 100 cm.

Stage three - vapor barrier

Sheets of foil film with the shiny side are laid overlapping in the room. It is better to secure the joints of the film with special adhesive tape.

Stage four - laying mineral wool

We place cotton wool between the slats of the finished frame. Lay it as tightly and carefully as possible, because the quality of thermal insulation in the room depends on this.

The last stage - facing work

Cover the frame with drywall or plywood. Thoroughly plaster the surface.

Ready! In an insulated room you can begin finishing works. Create! Nothing will limit your imagination, since such insulation will withstand any materials.

Drywall

Drywall (GKL) good choice when insulating the room. It itself has an insulating effect, which will be enhanced by the air cushion that forms behind it.

How to insulate a room from the inside with plasterboard with your own hands?

This operation can be easily carried out without the help of professionals in several stages.

Measure the room and estimate how many sheets of plasterboard you will need during the work process.

Then clean the walls of any remaining wallpaper, paint, stucco and other debris. Be sure to carry out mold treatment; such walls should never be covered with plasterboard. Putty the walls and let the putty dry completely, only then can you move on to the next stage.

Build the frame. Of course, you can sculpt drywall directly onto the walls, but such insulation will not be of much use due to the lack air cushion between the wall and the gypsum board. It was already mentioned above that a wooden frame is subject to deformation and it is better to give preference to a metal one. It is necessary to lay a tape made of foam materials under the hangers and guide profiles. This prevents cold penetration from the external wall.

We sew sheets of drywall onto the finished frame.

That's all, you can start finishing work. Drywall not only insulates the room, but also improves the microclimate in it.

Penofol

Penofol insulation with a base of polyethylene foam of different densities, covered with a thin layer of polished aluminum foil. Foam thickness varies from 2 to 40 mm, but 4 cm is used only in harsh climates. The thickness of the foil layer is only 20 microns. In essence, penofol is the same thermos. For the first time it was used for the manufacture of spacesuits. Later these technologies were used in construction.

This material has a lot of positive qualities:

1.Environmentally friendly. The same materials are used for food storage. According to some reports, penofol even protects against radiation.

2. This insulation is very thin, so it practically does not hide the living space. And this is a strong argument in favor of penofol for insulating walls from inside the house.
3. Additional vapor barrier will not be required, which means that thermal insulation with your own hands will be easier to do.

4.During operation, penofol will not crumble or break; it is easy to cut and does not require any additional complex tools or special clothing.

It will not be chewed by rats and mice. This is especially true for private houses, in the thermal insulation of which rodents often gnaw passages.
It is easy to transport due to its small thickness.

But, like any insulation, penofol has its disadvantages:

It is impossible to apply finishing materials to it, because... it is very soft and will simply bend under their weight.
It is difficult to attach, although there is a type of penofol with a self-adhesive film. It is not worth nailing it, this will worsen its basic characteristics.

Therefore, penofol, with all the variety of its advantages, is often used as additional material, which will protect the walls from moisture and reflect thermal energy.

How to insulate walls from the inside with penofol with your own hands?

Check the quality electrical wiring where you will insulate the room. The fact is that the aluminum foam layer is an excellent conductor, which means it should not be allowed to come into contact with bare wires.

The frame on which the insulation will be attached should provide 2 cm after and before the penofol. The step between the vertical slats of the frame should not exceed 1 meter.

Penofol is attached to the frame end-to-end (if it is attached overlapping, it can form condensation) using a furniture stapler. The seams are taped with aluminum tape.

This article will focus on the internal insulation of a house. I will try to talk in detail about the materials that can be used for these purposes and the technology for their installation.

Is it possible to insulate a house internally?

First of all, let's figure it out - is it possible to insulate a house from the inside? I’ll say right away that resorting to this operation is highly undesirable. If you have the opportunity to insulate the outside, be sure to take advantage of it.

The fact is that internal insulation has quite a few disadvantages:

the usable space of the room decreases, which can be critical for small country houses and small apartments;
Insulating the walls from the inside does not allow the ceiling to be insulated. As a result, the ceiling comes into contact with the cold walls and cools itself. True, this drawback is critical for houses with concrete floors;

the walls completely stop heating, which can lead to the formation of cracks;
The dew point moves into the room, causing moisture to form between the insulation and the walls. This leads to mold and reduced durability of the walls.

However, sometimes thermal insulation can only be done from the inside, for example, if it turns out that external insulation is not enough or the facade has already been finished . In this case, it is necessary to insulate the home from the inside with minimal negative consequences for walls. I will tell you how to do this below.

Choice of insulation

First of all, you need to decide what material is best to insulate the house.

There are quite a few options, however, the most popular are the following heat insulators:

mineral wool;
expanded polystyrene;
extruded polystyrene foam;
ecowool.

Mineral wool

Mineral wool is the most popular thermal insulation material for internal insulation, which is associated with the following advantages:

is environmentally friendly material. True, this quality applies only to basalt wool. Therefore, for internal insulation it is necessary to use it;
has vapor permeability, which allows the walls to breathe;
low thermal conductivity 0.035 – 0.042 W/(m*K);
is a fireproof material;
Sold in mat form, making mineral wool easy to work with.

Mineral wool also has disadvantages - it strongly absorbs moisture, so it requires high-quality hydro-vapor barrier. In addition, the cost of mineral wool (basalt) is higher than some thermal insulation materials, such as polystyrene foam.

Keep in mind that mineral wool fibers can cause irritation when they come into contact with the skin. Of course, it cannot be compared with glass wool, but, all the same, when working, it is necessary to protect the respiratory organs with a respirator and your hands with gloves.

The cost of basalt wool from some manufacturers is given below:

In general, we can say that mineral wool is the best choice.

Expanded polystyrene

Expanded polystyrene is the cheapest thermal insulation material - the price starts from 1200-1500 rubles per cubic meter.

In addition, it has other advantages:

thermal conductivity is only 0.037-0.043 W/mK;
light weight, which simplifies transportation and installation;
does not cause irritation to the skin, so working with polystyrene foam is much more comfortable than with mineral wool.

As for the disadvantages, polystyrene foam has quite a lot of them:

fire hazard, and during a fire the material releases toxic substances that cause serious poisoning that can be fatal;
low strength;
zero vapor permeability.

Therefore, foam plastic is used much less frequently for internal insulation than, for example, mineral mats.

Extruded polystyrene foam

Penoplex or extruded polystyrene foam is modern variety regular foam.

As a result of special manufacturing technology, it has more high performance than polystyrene foam:

is a more durable material than regular foam;
thermal conductivity coefficient is even lower - 0.028-0.034 W/mK;
practically does not absorb moisture, so if it is used there is no need to use hydro- and vapor barrier;
vapor permeability is slightly higher than that of polystyrene foam - 0.007-0.008 mg/m·h·Pa, however, these indicators do not allow us to fully call the material vapor-permeable.

It must be said that expensive brands of extruded polystyrene foam from well-known manufacturers contain fire retardants, making the insulation fireproof.

One of the main disadvantages of penoplex is its high price:

For this reason, extruded polystyrene foam is also not often used for insulating walls from the inside.

Ecowool

Ecowool is a relatively new construction thermal insulation material, which is made from wood fibers. Thanks to this, it is environmentally friendly, and also has good thermal insulation qualities - 0.032-0.041 W/m*K.

Among other advantages of ecowool, the following points can be highlighted:

Thanks to special additives that are used in the production of ecowool, the material is flame-retardant and also resistant to biological influences;
has good vapor permeability;
is light in weight;
low cost - about 1200 rubles per cubic meter.

It cannot be said that ecowool is a popular material, however, recently it has been used more and more often for insulating homes from the inside.

These are, perhaps, all the most common thermal insulation materials today. As for the choice, you can make it yourself, taking into account the information presented above.

Insulation of floors and attic floors

You can start insulating your home with floor insulation. To do this, we need one of the insulation materials described above and a vapor barrier film.

Insulation is quite simple:

if it contains flooring, it must be removed;
if there is no subfloor between the joists, you should install cranial bars and lay flooring on them, which will serve as a subfloor;
then a vapor barrier membrane is laid on the joists and subfloor;
now you need to lay any thermal insulation material on the subfloor with your own hands;

another layer of vapor barrier is laid on top of the logs and thermal insulation;
At the end of the work, the flooring is laid.

The insulation of the floor from the attic side is carried out in the same way.

If the floor in the house is concrete, then you can install joists and insulate it using the method described above, or pour a screed.

In the second case, the work is carried out in the following sequence:

the floor is cleared of debris and covered with an anti-mold compound;
then the base is covered with a waterproofing film with a fold over the walls;

insulation (extruded polystyrene foam, mineral wool or polystyrene foam) is laid on top of the film;
then the insulation is covered with a layer of waterproofing;
After this, the screed will be performed according to the standard scheme.

You can also insulate concrete floor in the attic.

Frame wall insulation technology

There are two ways to insulate a house from the inside: framed and frameless. First of all, let's look at how thermal insulation is performed using the frame method, since it is the most common.

So, the process of insulation from the inside of walls using a frame method can be divided into five steps:

Preparation of materials

In addition to the heat insulator, to insulate the walls from the inside you will need the following materials:

wooden slats;
wooden beams (you can also use drywall profiles);
vapor barrier membrane;

finishing material for covering the frame;
anti-mold agent of the “anti-mold” type.

If the house is wooden, you will also need:

wood antiseptic;
interventional insulation.

Preparing the walls

Before insulating the house from the inside, you must perform the following preparatory steps:

if the walls contain old crumbling plaster, it must be removed;

then the surface of the walls must be treated with an anti-mold compound. If the walls are wooden, you need to use an antiseptic impregnation for wood.
Instructions for use of these compositions are usually available on the packaging;

If the house is made of timber or logs, it is necessary to insulate the roof gaps. To do this, you can use tow, linen tape, or others.

Now the walls are prepared for further work.

Frame installation

Now you can begin installing the frame and insulating the walls.

This work is carried out like this:

The surfaces of the wall and insulation should not be in contact. Moreover, it is highly desirable to make a ventilation gap between the insulation and the wall. To do this, horizontal slats are attached to the walls.

The vertical distance between the slats should be half a meter, and the horizontal distance - several centimeters. Keep in mind that the slats must form a smooth vertical plane.

Therefore, if the walls are uneven, the position of the slats must be adjusted by placing blocks, plywood scraps, etc. under them. It is not necessary to perfectly align, since the plane of the frame can be adjusted at the stage of installing the racks;

Now, in order to create a ventilation gap between the inner surface of the wall and the insulation, you need to tighten the vapor barrier membrane onto the slats. Joints that must overlap should be taped;
Next, the racks are installed. If the thickness of the beams corresponds to the thickness of the insulation, then they can be secured to the slats using metal corners and screws. If the racks are thinner, you can use hangers that are used for drywall and secure the beams in them.

As I said above, you can make a standard metal frame, like for drywall. In this case, guides should be installed on the floor and ceiling; a distance equal to the thickness of the insulation will be removed from the wall (slats).

Then the rack profiles are inserted into the guides and fixed in the hangers. In other words, the work is performed in the same sequence as when assembling a conventional frame for gypsum plasterboard.

If mineral mats will be used as a thermal insulation material, the distance between the racks should be a couple of centimeters less than their width. If polystyrene foam or penoplex is used, the distance should correspond to the width of the slabs;

the next step is to insulate the walls of the house. Mats or insulation boards are inserted into the space between the posts. Try to place the insulation as closely as possible to each other to avoid the formation of cold bridges;

then another layer of vapor barrier is installed according to the principle described above;
The sheathing is attached to the posts on top of the film. As a rule, wooden slats are used for these purposes;
To complete the work, holes are made on the outside of the walls below and under the canopy to provide ventilation. These holes can be filled with mineral wool.

This completes the insulation of the walls. It must be said that thermal insulation with ecowool is carried out somewhat differently. When used, the frame is first closed vapor barrier film, after which ecowool is fed into the frame space through a hose using special equipment, as shown in the photo above.

There is also a wet method of insulation. In this case, ecowool is supplied under pressure in a wet form, as a result of which it sticks to the wall surface. The disadvantage of this technology is that it will not be possible to create a ventilation gap between the wall and the insulation.

After insulating the walls, the frame should be sheathed with plasterboard, clapboard, plastic panels or other material. Since this procedure does not have any special features, we will not consider it.

Frameless insulation technology

Now let's look at how to insulate a house inside using a frameless method. I’ll say right away that for such insulation you can only use polystyrene foam or extruded polystyrene foam.

In addition to insulation, you need to prepare the following materials:

foam glue;

waterproofing primer;
dowels for foam plastic;
fiberglass mesh;
putty for walls.

The insulation process in this case looks like this:

To prevent the insulation from coming into contact with the wet surface of the wall, the wall must be treated with a waterproofing primer. The composition can be applied using a paint roller like a regular primer;

then you need to dilute the foam glue in water, following the instructions on the package;
further adhesive composition must be applied to back side insulation using a notched trowel;

The insulation must be applied to the wall, pressed down lightly and leveled. Work is carried out from the corner from the bottom up;
then the second insulation board is glued in exactly the same way, which is located close to the first;

After pasting the entire first row, you can begin installing the second. Place it offset relative to the first row, i.e. according to the principle of brickwork. In addition, ensure that the slabs are bandaged at the corners.
All walls in the room are covered in this way;

The photo shows an example of installing dowels

After the glue has dried, the insulation must be additionally secured with dowels. The dowels should be placed at the corners of the insulation. Install them so that the caps are slightly recessed;
if insulation is carried out with extruded polystyrene foam, the surface of the insulation must be treated with sandpaper or a wire brush to give the surface roughness.
After this, the penoplex must be coated with an adhesive primer;
the existing gaps between the plates must be filled with scraps of insulation or even polyurethane foam;

Now you need to glue the mesh to the insulation with the same glue that was used to glue the slabs. The adhesive should be applied to the insulation with a notched trowel, then a fiberglass mesh should be applied to the surface and passed over it with a regular spatula or trowel.
Keep in mind that the edges must overlap each other by at least 10 cm.
after drying, the walls need to be covered with another thin layer of adhesive;

At the end of the work, the surface must be primed and puttied.

After insulating the walls using this method, it is necessary to ensure that the room high-quality ventilation, otherwise the humidity in the home will constantly increase.

This completes the insulation. It must be said that when insulating walls in this way, they will become more damp than when insulating using the method described above. Therefore, this technology is better used for thermal insulation of the ceiling or if it is necessary to additionally insulate the walls.

Conclusion

From the article you learned that it is quite simple to carry out internal insulation in a private house. However, this procedure is very demanding in terms of technology, on which the durability of the walls depends. I recommend watching the video in this article to reinforce the material received. If you have any questions, leave them in the comments and I will be happy to answer you.

Insulating the room will help you create an acceptable microclimate in your home and protect it from drafts and dampness. Thermal insulation of walls allows you to triple the cost of heating a room in winter period, and for its cooling in the summer. After all, the insulation acts as a kind of shield that prevents the movement of air flows, protecting the structure from the influence of external factors. Unfortunately, it is not always possible to insulate the facade of a building. For example, it is advisable to insulate the end wall of a panel structure from the inside.

Advantages of thermal insulation of walls indoors

Relatively low cost.
Insulation can be carried out at any time of the year.
You can insulate the entire building, as well as individual rooms and even walls.
Soundproofing the room.

Among the positive aspects, one should also highlight the accessibility for self-execution: Any owner can do this. It is also important to know how to insulate walls and choose optimal material for this.

Methods for insulating walls from the inside

For thermal insulation indoors, mainly the same materials are used as for outdoor insulation. The most popular insulation materials are: expanded polystyrene, mineral wool and mixed asbestos-based thermal insulation materials.

Insulation of walls from the inside with plasterboard

Thermal insulation using plasterboard sheets - simple and quick way wall insulation. The minimum distance from the rough wall to the front surface of the slab is three centimeters. The greater this distance, the correspondingly more insulation will fit into the voids of the structure. This method of thermal insulation is suitable only for large rooms, since the wall becomes noticeably thicker during the installation of the insulating structure.

The process of insulating buildings from the inside begins with the installation of a structure made of metal profiles at a distance of two centimeters from the wall. It is better to install the frame from a galvanized profile. It is necessary to stick a tape onto the base of the guide profile to insulate the surface from contact with the plaster, thereby protecting the drywall from the cold transmitted through the metal profile. Then into the cavity of the resulting frame (between rack profiles) lay mineral wool. The air gap between the wall of the structure and the drywall is already insulation. However, the use of mineral wool or polystyrene foam greatly increases the heat resistance of the structure.

Due to its structure and elasticity, the material perfectly fills the structure. The next step is to install the drywall. When insulating rooms with high humidity you shouldn't skimp. It is better to purchase moisture-resistant drywall. At the final stage, the plasterboard slabs are finished with wallpaper.

Insulation of walls from the inside with mineral wool

Thermal insulation using mineral wool is one of the most economical options. The advantages of mineral wool include lightness (which is very important when transporting building materials and insulating old structures) and low thermal conductivity. The “thermos” effect occurs due to the formation of an air cushion between the mineral fibers.

Perhaps the only drawback of mineral wool is that it is quite hygroscopic. Therefore, if you decide to insulate the walls from the inside, you will also have to take care of the vapor barrier to avoid the accumulation of condensation. In order to prevent the absorption of moisture through the surface of the insulation, it is recommended, along with the use of the main thermal insulation material, to insulate the walls from the inside with penofol. This material has an extraordinary property - it retains up to 97% of heat. A layer of vapor barrier is applied to the frame made of metal profiles after installation of the mineral wool.

Penofol is a special, foamed polyethylene with an aluminum coating in the form of foil, which has vapor barrier and sound insulation characteristics. The penofol membrane has small holes that allow microparticles of moisture to move in only one direction. Penofol sheets have a small thickness. Thanks to flexibility this material easy to install. It does not require additional maintenance during operation, which is also an undeniable advantage.

Insulation of walls from the inside with penoplex

Thermal insulation using extruded polystyrene is possible even for beginners who do not have much experience in construction. There is nothing simpler: Penoplex slabs, which can be purchased here http://penoplex-spb.ru, are attached to the wall with glue. In this case, the entire surface of the slab is treated with an adhesive composition. Small grooves along the edges of the slab help securely fasten the penoplex and improve the tightness of the joints. Extruded polystyrene with smooth edges requires additional sizing with tape. The foam is both glued and secured with self-tapping screws.

When insulating with penoplex, there is no need for vapor barrier, since the surface of the slab is vapor-tight. A thin layer of plaster applied to the grainy (for better adhesion to finishing materials and increased protection from fire hazards) surface of extruded polystyrene will protect the walls from damage and prepare them for further painting or wallpapering.

Technology for insulating walls from the inside

The thermal insulation process takes place in several stages. The sequence of operations depends primarily on the selected material. The insulation is either glued to the inner surface of the wall or attached to a special structure.

The most common is the scheme for insulating walls from the inside, in which the layers of thermal insulation are arranged as follows:

Interior wall decoration.
Small ventilation gap.
Membrane for vapor barrier.
Insulation.

The entire process of wall insulation can be divided into several stages.

Preparing the walls

When carrying out thermal insulation with mineral slabs or using plasterboard, it is not necessary to level the walls. It is enough to clean the walls from flaking particles of construction and finishing materials, remove protrusions that prevent the fixation of heat-insulating materials and carry out fungicidal treatment (protection against excessive indoor mold activity). Small irregularities will be masked during thermal insulation and finishing work.

Frame formation and insulation installation

At a short distance from the wall, a frame made of aluminum profiles or wooden beams(depending on climate). It should be taken into account that wood is susceptible to drying out and deformation due to sudden changes in temperature. The profile is fastened in a vertical direction. The thickness of the frame must necessarily correspond to the thickness of the insulation, and the distance between the beams or profiles is calculated depending on the size of the finishing material (for example, a sheet of drywall). When insulating with polystyrene, there is no need to build a frame.

Laying of thermal insulation materials begins after completion of the frame assembly. In order to thermally insulate walls from the inside, one layer of insulation is sufficient. If there is a need to install a second layer, then, accordingly, you will need to install an additional frame for it. In the area of radiators, installation of insulation is often difficult. In this case, a layer of penofol should be laid.

Laying a vapor barrier layer and finishing

The vapor barrier layer protects the walls from the concentration of excess moisture in the voids of the thermal insulation material. Foil-coated film is most often used as a vapor barrier. Make sure that the shiny part of the vapor barrier is facing interior wall premises. The vapor barrier layer sheets are overlapped. To improve the effect, the joints are glued with metallized tape.

After thermal insulation is completed, the surface is covered with plasterboard and plastered, and then painted or pasted over. decorative panels or wallpaper. As for the choice of finishing materials, there are no special restrictions.

Other methods of wall insulation

In some cases, polystyrene foam is placed in the space when laying walls. During the construction phase it is also used penoizol, which is poured into hard to reach places and cracks.

Liquid materials are used cellulose, which is also poured under slabs and into the spaces between brickwork. Cellulose insulation has a number of disadvantages: it is flammable and is easily exposed to microorganisms and becomes infected with mold. To prevent this, fire retardants and antiseptics must be added to the pulp mass.

One of the simplest, but most expensive ways to insulate walls is ceramic insulation. This is a liquid paste that is applied both to the surface of the wall and to hard-to-reach places. To achieve the effect, the walls need to be covered with 5-6 layers of paste, the consumption of which is 1 square meter- 250 ml. This makes this type of wall insulation, although expensive, durable.

When carrying out insulation work, unsightly heating or water pipes, additional electrical wiring can be easily hidden in the thermal insulation niche. Therefore, insulating walls from the inside is an excellent reason to improve performance premises, and improve the design of the room.