Secrets of planting and growing peanuts in the garden. How to grow peanuts in your own garden

How to grow peanuts in the garden? Just like on the windowsill. Yes, yes, this legume grows remarkably well up to middle lane. And to the south, few people have not tried to plant it on their site. At the same time, peanuts do not require unearthly care. He is very unpretentious. True, it requires some growing conditions. But all of them are quite doable by any person and an improvised tool.

Choosing seeds

More specifically, beans. From a biological point of view, peanuts are not nuts at all. Well, let's not go into the wilds of botany and the intricacies of the origin of the species. It is now more important for us to choose the right seeds for planting. They can be bought at any store or market. The main conditions are very simple:

The beans must be raw. That is, fried, salted, glazed or sweet will not work.
The seeds should have a native red shell. The cleaned ones just won't come up. Ideally, it is better to buy shelled peanuts and carefully shell them at home.
Beans must be whole. Sometimes halves or even crushed are sold. Naturally, it is useless to expect seedlings from such seedlings.

It is best to purchase seeds in the market. There you can touch them, examine them from all sides, choose the most beautiful ones. Anything can be in a shopping bag. Especially if it's opaque.

Advice. Try to get large peanuts. Then your harvest will be rich with large beans.

Choose a site

Anyhow, where to stick peanuts will not work. We don't have South America to suit any soil. It is advisable to choose a place where the sun will illuminate the planting from morning until evening. So the bush will receive maximum amount Sveta. This is exactly what is needed.

Also, it would be nice if this area was closed from strong winds. No, the gusts will not break the landings, they are too low. But even a light summer breeze can cool them down. And peanuts like to live in the temperature range from +24 to +27°C. When lowered, it stops in development. Doesn't die, but stops growing. Therefore, it is better to provide the most comfortable conditions.

By the way, young shoots of peanuts will have to be covered with something from birds. These feathered miners are happy to pull out sprouts to feast on the mother bean. And they tear out absolutely all the shoots, to a single one. Therefore, when choosing a landing site, consider how you will protect them. There are several options:

Put on a special bird net. Cherry and cherry trees are still closed to her.
Place a scarecrow or stakes with rattling shiny objects.
Cover the seedlings with a thin non-woven material.
Ask your or a neighbor's cat to guard the young shoots.

The last method is extremely unreliable. These felines strive to sneak away on their own business, or in pursuit of a bird, they themselves can thoroughly crush the peanut plantings.

Advice. Choose the first way. It is the most efficient and reliable.

Preparing the land

In principle, peanuts do not require special conditions. The looseness of the soil is much more important to him. After all, it is under the ground that the formation and growth of beans takes place. Therefore, it is recommended to bring a decent amount of clean sand to the beds in the fall. This will give the earth the necessary looseness.

At the same time, the plant must take strength somewhere for full growth and filling of peanuts. Fresh manure is categorically contraindicated for him. Fatty compost will only cause explosive growth green mass, and flowering will be scarce and miserable.

But we need flowers! From them, nuts are then born. And what trace elements are responsible for good and abundant flowering? That's right, phosphorus and potassium. Means, in early spring, as soon as the snow melts and the top layer of soil dries a little, we bring any mineral fertilizer. We look at the composition on the packaging. The dosage is applied according to the manufacturer's recommendation. We focus on legumes.

After that, we dig the earth well, but do not break the smallest lumps. Peanuts like a little rough ground, so you can bring soil from the forest and scatter it on the beds. Naturally, in the fall and spring we weed out all the weeds. They will prevent faded ovaries from rooting. But in principle, weeding can be carried out regularly during the subsequent hilling.

Before the time of planting peanuts, it is advisable to harrow the ground again. This will wake up the weed seeds. You will have time to weed the area again, so that nothing prevents the bushes from growing calmly.

Advice. After spring training cover the soil with black non-woven fabric. So it warms up faster.

Preparing peanuts for planting

Very often people complain about the germination of beans. Sometimes, out of a dozen, only one comes up, a maximum of three things. To protect yourself from such a nuisance, peanuts need to be soaked before planting. Naturally, the shell is removed. This will make it easier for the beans to germinate.

In order to awaken the vitality in the nuts, they are soaked for 4 hours in warm water. You can even add any biostimulant or adaptogen to the liquid:

zircon
aloe juice

The amount of the drug can be found on the package. Just don't overdo it. The seeds will still take as much as they need. So why the extra spending?

After soaking, the remaining liquid is drained, but the peanut itself does not need to be washed. Now the beans need to be laid out in a single layer on a damp cotton cloth or paper napkin. To do this, take a pallet or a wide flat plate (dish). Top the soaked peanuts with another layer of cloth or loose paper. Then lightly moisten the entire structure and put in a warm place. Darkness is not required.

After about 23-25 hours, the bean halves should open slightly, and a small sprout will show from the inside. Those seeds that have not woken up within 3 days are hardly viable. They can be safely thrown away or fed to livestock (birds). Just before that, rinse them to remove the biostimulant from the surface.

After opening the beans, they can be planted in the garden almost immediately.

Advice. Soak your peanuts at least 2 days before planting day to make sure you cull the beans that don't germinate.

Planting peanuts in the garden

Some recommend planting beans in holes. It's inconvenient and long. Do you plant beans in furrows? And peas too. What's worse than peanuts? Draw grooves already, simplify your task. Leave the distance between them at least 30 cm. So then it will be easier to spud plantings.

Pour the grooves well clean water. After all, at first, sprouts need moisture. And by the time of landing, it is already practically absent in the ground. By the way, in open ground peanuts are planted around mid-late May. By this time, there is no longer a threat. return frosts. And their peanuts do not tolerate.

After watering, carefully lay out the soaked beans at a distance of 16-17 cm from each other. Then we sprinkle with a layer of earth 6.5-8 cm. We do not mulch the beds. Now it remains to wait for the shoots.

Advice. If in 18 days shoots did not appear, it means that you did something wrong.

Taking care of seedlings is not at all difficult. Periodic loosening of the soil, regular weeding and medium watering about once a week. Looking forward to bloom. It's hard to miss it. Yellow-orange butterflies of flowers are clearly visible from afar.

The peanut flower only lives for one day. Opens up in the morning, fades by evening. But there are a lot of them on the plant. It is ridiculous to read that a peanut flower needs to be pollinated in these 12-15 hours. Some articles say so. The plant is completely self-pollinating and does well without outside help.

During the flowering period, care is a little more complicated. But don't let that scare you. The only difficulty is that you have to water the peanuts more often. About once every 3-4 days. And feed once with any phosphorus-potassium fertilizer.

Now it's time for hilling. After all, after flowering, the ovary descends to the soil and burrows into it. This is where the formation of nuts takes place. Therefore, you need to help the plant a little. All hilling comes down to three stages:

With the beginning of flowering, mounds are raked around the stems about 5 cm in height.
A week later, the mounds increase to a height of 13-14 cm.
After the end of flowering, the last hilling is carried out. The height of the mounds is 22-25 cm.

This procedure allows for more early harvest. At the same time, it increases by almost 30%. After flowering, watering is again reduced to 1 time in 7-9 days. By mid-August, watering is gradually reduced, and by the end of August they are reduced to nothing. Now it remains only to wait for the harvest. True, during a cold snap below + 20 ° C (this sometimes happens), it is recommended to cover the plantings with a film or dense non-woven material. Still, peanuts love heat.

Mass yellowing of leaves and shoots serves as a signal for harvesting time. Do not rush to pull out the bushes with your hands. This will leave most of the crop in the soil. Use the most common garden forks. Just pry the bush, it easily comes out of the soil.

Of course, now there is a great temptation to peel off peanuts in order to dry them faster. But in the stems and shoots there is still a large amount nutrients. Therefore, without cutting off the nuts, carefully shake the bushes off the ground. Then we hang them down with stems in a warm, dry room. It could be a shed or an attic. And only after complete drying tops you can pick beans. During this time, all useful trace elements will pass into them from the stems.

Well, now you have your own home grown peanuts. You can leave some for seeds next year, and the rest is easy to eat.

In our country, diseases or pests that love peanuts have not been noticed. The only thing is that in a cool, humid summer, rot on the shoots may appear. Therefore, if it rains, it is advisable to cover the plantings with a transparent film. Peanuts do not like excessive waterlogging of the soil.
Do not plant multiple seeds in one hole. The peanut bush is always lush and sprawling. He needs some room to grow. And if all three seeds sprout, then instead of good development and proper growth, there will be only a constant struggle for a place under the sun and food. The harvest in this case will be meager, with small tasteless beans.
Usually peanuts are fully ripe by the end of September. But, it is better to dig up the bushes a little earlier if the first frosts occur in your area at this time. The fact is that nuts begin to be very bitter after frost. And bitterness is almost impossible to get rid of.

How to grow peanuts in the garden? It turns out it's very simple. Follow all the recommendations and you can enjoy nuts own production. And no exotic! Having tried to grow it once, you will register this wonderful plant in your beds for a long time.

Video: how to plant peanuts (peanuts)

Today in the project "ECOgarden for all" we will consider how to grow peanuts in the country. After all, many gardeners like to grow on their household plots plants rare for the conditions of the middle zone. The well-known and beloved peanut is still rarely found in local beds, although it is not difficult to grow it. If you like to experiment, be sure to give it a try.

The annual peanut plant belongs to the legume family. For growth and normal development, it needs a lot of light and heat, because under natural conditions it grows in countries with a subtropical climate. South America is considered the birthplace of peanuts, where it is now grown on large plantations. Another name for peanuts is peanut. This is due to the fact that its fruits are formed and grow in the ground.

Nowadays, there are amateur gardeners who are good at growing peanuts on garden plots in mid-range conditions. Outwardly, the peanut is a bush with a stem that branches heavily.

It blooms for only one day with small yellow flowers, which should have time to pollinate in such a short time. By evening, the branches drop low to the ground, and the flowers burrow into it.

In the future, nuts will ripen from them, the kernels of which are packed in a hard shell.

Landing

In warm regions of Russia, peanut seeds can be planted directly into the ground. For the conditions of the middle zone, it is necessary to grow seedlings first. It is recommended to do this in the early days of April, in order to transfer it to the ground in two months. Pre-planting nuts need to be soaked in water and wait for them to germinate.

The soil for the plant requires light, it must be loosened so that the flowers can dig into the ground, otherwise they will fall off and there will be no harvest. It is recommended to apply potash fertilizers (for example, wood ash) to the soil, organic fertilizers cannot be used.

Peanuts only grow well in moist soil. It also promotes the burying of flowers in the ground, dry ground hinders this process. When planting peanuts, it is required to maintain a distance of 20 cm between seedlings.

For planting, the bed must be placed in an open sunny place, it is desirable that potatoes or cabbage were grown there earlier.

There are many varieties of peanuts and recent times constantly bring out new ones, more and more adapted to the conditions of the climate near Moscow. For planting, it is desirable to choose just such varieties.

Care

If the planting of peanuts was carried out correctly, then for successful care of it, it is important to follow the following rules:

provide the plant with a sunny place for successful growth;
try to often spud peanuts;
do not forget to weed;
feed potash fertilizers;
water regularly.

Especially active watering is necessary for the plant during flowering, and after it has faded, watering can be reduced, but drought should be avoided.

The more often you loosen and spud peanut bushes, the more you get a crop. Peanuts can be grown in a greenhouse. It is recommended to plant it next to tomatoes, then they will receive nitrogen from peanuts.

There comes a moment when the tops of the plant begin to wither, which means that the nuts are ripe and can be removed from the ground. They are dug up together with the bush, placed in a dry place to dry. After a week, the nuts can be removed from the bush and cleaned of the remnants of the earth.

In the Moscow region, the peanut ripens at the end of September. A week before harvest, watering must be stopped so that the earth dries out. It is better to harvest on a warm sunny day.

Useful properties of peanuts and contraindications

Numerous studies of peanuts indicate that it is good for the body, because it is a whole pantry containing a large amount of vital substances: vitamins and trace elements. In addition, it is rich in iron, which means it is necessary for people suffering from anemia.

Magnesium and B vitamins, which are part of the peanut, help to cope with stress and nervous tension. It is recommended to always have a few peanuts with you, they can replace a snack at work, give strength and energy, and help you stay active until the end of the working day. Thanks to peanuts, a person can maintain hearing and attention for many years.

A contraindication for eating peanuts may be that they sometimes cause allergies. And not the core itself, but the brown shell around it. It is easy to get rid of it: the peeled nuts must be dried in a frying pan, then the husk is well separated from the kernel. In addition, heat treatment will help destroy all kinds of pathogenic microbes and fungi that may be present on the nuts.

Peanuts are often used in confectionery, they are added to cookies, sweets and chocolate.

Peanuts are a very common product and, as you have seen, useful for the body, you can buy it in almost any store. Still, try to get your own crop in your garden, since growing peanuts in the country in the middle lane is not difficult at all.

I decided to try to grow peanuts this year, they say that it gives a good harvest in our conditions. Tell me how to plant peanuts in open ground and when can I do it?

Since peanuts are heat-loving crops and present high requirements to temperature, its cultivation on garden beds possible in regions with a warm climate. For lovers of tasty beans, you can plant a few bushes in pots and keep them on the windowsill, but today let's talk about how to plant peanuts outdoors. He will not cause much trouble, but you still need to know some secrets.

Soil preparation

It is better to prepare a plot for peanuts in the fall, choosing the brightest place in the garden. The beds where legumes grew are not suitable for this, because with, as a representative of the same family, they have common diseases. But potatoes, cucumbers, tomatoes and cabbage are the best for peanuts.

For autumn deep digging, organic matter (humus or compost) should be added to the planned planting site. In the spring, the earth should be loosened again shallowly with the parallel application of nitrophoska (50 g per 1 sq. M. Plot).

Acidic soil must be limed, as peanuts do not like this.

Seed preparation

Peanuts for planting can be purchased at the store, while both whole beans in the shell and shelled are suitable. The main thing is that they are raw, since fried nuts, of course, will not give sprouts. When choosing a variety, it is better to give preference to zoned species that are most adapted to a particular region. In general, one of the best varieties Peanuts that grow well in temperate climates include:

Valencia 433;
Stepnyak;
Klinskaya.

Many gardeners are interested in the question of whether seeds need to be germinated. It is very difficult to answer it unambiguously, it depends on the specific area and its climatic conditions. In regions where spring comes late and there are often return frosts, it is better to plant dry beans, otherwise the quickly hatched sprouts will freeze. But for the area where stable warm weather has been established since the end of May, peanuts can be germinated before planting. They do this at the end of April, having previously treated the beans with potassium permanganate. Sprouted peanuts should be hardened by keeping them for several days in a cool room.

Landing and care rules

You can plant peanuts in rows, leaving a distance of up to 20 cm between the holes, and at least 60 cm between the rows. A chess pattern is also suitable, where there will be 50 cm between the bushes. At least 3 seeds should be laid out in one hole.

You can start planting peanuts in the garden no earlier than mid-May, when the air temperature reaches stable values of 20 degrees Celsius. Usually gardeners are guided by the flowering of acacia.

Landing care includes:

weeding;
top dressing of seedlings grown up to 10 cm (superphosphate, ammonium nitrate, potassium salt);
abundant watering during flowering;
hilling after the ovaries bend down to the ground and the crop begins to ripen.

Good day, dear friends! Did you know that peanuts are not nuts at all, but legumes. This culture is not demanding to care for, and its fruits are healthy, tasty, and also distinguished by satiety. Today the topic is peanuts, cultivation, care features and varieties - let's try to deal with this in more detail.

Peanut is considered a heat-loving crop; it is common in subtropical latitudes. The plant is a bush, the height of which can be up to 75 cm. good harvest can be obtained in warm regions of the country, and in zones temperate climate nuts will be smaller.

Peanuts are called groundnuts, because of the way the fruit ripens, which takes place underground. The ovary grows after fertilization, and the pedicel grows into the soil. Let's find out even more interesting things about this wonderful culture.

Growing at home

Whether it is possible to grow peanuts on your own depends on the correct agricultural technology. You should find out what conditions you need to create for its development:

since nuts appear in the ground, then in order to get a rich harvest, the soil must be loose. It should contain a sufficient amount of potassium, magnesium, as well as humus;
an important condition is the temperature, its value should be 20-27 degrees;
good lighting matters;
moisture should be sufficient, but it must not be stagnant;
the plant will feel good in the beds where tomatoes, potatoes, cucumbers or cereals grew before.

Did you know that the color of peanut butter depends on the soil in which the plant grows. From nuts grown on soils of a light shade, the oil will turn out lighter, and from fruits grown on dark soil - dark.

Growing in Ukraine or in warm regions is effective, and in colder areas, you can try planting peanuts on the windowsill. For this, a container with sand and humus is used.

The soil needs to be regularly loosened and watered. Make sure that the shoots do not hang outside the container. Harvest the fruits when the bush stops growing and the leaves begin to turn yellow.

Video - growing peanuts from planting to harvest

How to grow in the garden

If you decide to grow a plant in open ground, then you should consider such an option as warm bed. It can be prepared in early spring or autumn. For this:

A trench is dug, the depth of which is the bayonet of a shovel. The width is 1 meter, and the length is optional.
The bottom of the recess is covered with plant debris and sprinkled with earth. Compost is poured on top.

After two months, a nutritious and warm soil is formed in the garden. You can try growing peanuts in a greenhouse.

The plant can be planted along with tomatoes. In this case, the tomatoes will receive a sufficient amount of nitrogen and they will not need to be hilled often.

How to choose peanut seeds for growing: popular varieties

To figure out what the growing conditions should be, you first need to choose suitable variety. The most common include Spanish, Virginia, Runner and Valencia. Now let's find out the intricacies of growing individual varieties:

The Spanish variety is undersized plant. It is characterized by a high content of oils in the composition. The variety has separate subspecies: Dixie Spanish, Argentinean, Spanko or Natal.
The runner has a good yield. Nuts have an excellent taste and are perfectly roasted. A similar variety is valued by peanut butter producers. Subspecies include Georgia Green, Bradford and Fragrant Runner.
The Virginia variety is in demand among manufacturers of salted nuts. Such peanuts grow in bundles or shoots, and are distinguished by a rich harvest. The subspecies include the variety Gul, Shulamit, Wilson or Gregory.
Variety Valencia grows into a tall bush with large leaves and heavy stems. Used to make boiled peanuts.
The fruits of the Tennessee variety are small in size.

The fruits of the varieties differ from each other, but they all have nutritional properties and health benefits.

Peanut growing technology

Peanuts for planting cannot be processed thermal methods. A suitable period for sowing is mid-April. I will tell you how to germinate peanuts for planting.

To do this, remove the grains from the shell, and then put them in cheesecloth soaked in water. Instead of a cloth, you can use a shallow water container. When the roots that appear are 1-15 mm in size, you can plant the beans in the soil.

How is landing

First, the seeds are planted in containers that should be voluminous. Containers are filled with moistened substrate.

Sprouted sprouts sit down to a depth of about 2 cm, they should be placed in the center. The container is covered with a film and placed in a warm place.

A heat-loving plant can be planted in open ground when its temperature reaches 16 degrees. 2-3 beans are placed in each hole, and the planting depth should be about 10 cm.

How is the care

To ensure excellent growth and development, special care is necessary:

quality watering includes regular moisturizing. A large number of moisture is required during flowering, and then watering can be reduced;
on hot days, additional spraying is required. But it is better to do it in the morning and evening hours;
The plant needs good lighting. Lack of light can affect its development. This is true if cultivation is carried out in the middle lane;
hilling is carried out three times per season. The procedure should be performed in July, and then a couple more times in August. In this case, a loose composition of compost and garden soil is used;
Feeding peanuts is not often required. Sometimes complex fertilizer is used to increase the intensity of growth.

If the conditions required for good growth, will be violated, then the plant will begin to hurt. In this case, spots form on the leaves, which is the first symptom of root rot.

Harvesting

Do not forget that peanuts cannot withstand even slight frosts, so harvesting is carried out before they occur. Harvesting time comes as soon as the leaves begin to dry out and turn yellow.

This often happens in early October. Dig up the plant completely, and then shake well and lay out to dry in the sun for 10 to 12 days.

While they are drying, it is impossible to separate the fruits from the roots, otherwise the taste of the nuts will deteriorate, they will become rancid. After the specified period, the fruits are easily separated. If the weather is rainy, then the bushes are placed under a canopy.

After drying, the beans are plucked, peeled and sent to storage. Nuts can be put into boxes or bags, in a room where there is good ventilation and no humidity. You can dry the peanuts well in the oven.

You can store dried peanuts without removing the shell. Place it in cloth bags and hang it in a cool, ventilated area.

Peanut Digging and Storage Video

You can use raw and roasted peanuts. But you should know that scientists have proven that there are more antioxidants in the fried product than in the raw one.

You can read about how to grow ginger at home.

Peanuts are a culture not only popular in use, but also quite interesting in cultivation. It turns out that the "peanut" beloved by many has nothing to do with the nut family, but is one of the brightest representatives legumes. By the way, many lovers of eating nutritious peanut kernels, which have a pleasant specific taste, seriously believe that peanut fruits ripen on trees or shrubs like walnut or forest sins, which is completely untrue. In fact, peanuts are herbaceous annual plant, and the ripening of its beans, covered with a dense reticulum, occurs in the ground, thanks to which the culture got its second name.

AT industrial scale the plant is cultivated in countries with a hot tropical climate, however, those wishing to try freshly picked peanuts can grow the crop in room conditions and in the fall, harvest your own harvest in the form of a handful of real peanuts. Peanuts are undemanding in care, so its home cultivation will not be difficult even for a novice grower.

Pre-sowing preparation

Seeds for home sowing of peanuts are best purchased in specialized stores. Also high quality planting material can be selected from the market fresh harvest peanuts, while large undamaged specimens should be preferred. Groundnuts for sowing should not be subjected to any heat treatment. The optimal time for sowing is mid-April. Seeds must be prepared for planting in the ground as follows:

Remove the kernels from the shell.
Place in cheesecloth, folded in several layers, abundantly moistened with water, and put on a saucer. Instead of gauze, you can get by with a shallow bowl of water. To speed up germination, it is recommended to add a few drops of a growth stimulator to the water.
After the hatched roots reach a length of 1–1.5 mm, the seeds can be sown in the ground.

Germinated peanut seeds can be planted in peat tablets(such seedlings will subsequently need to be transplanted) or immediately on permanent place growth.

Sowing specifics

In order to have enough space for the ripening of future peanut fruits, the container for sowing the crop should be quite spacious - at least 30-40 cm in diameter. Peanuts prefer fertile, sandy loamy soil with good aeration. Sowing is carried out in the following order:

The planting container is filled with prepared wet substrate.
The germinated seed is planted in the center to a depth of 2–2.5 cm.
To maintain their own microclimate, the container with crops is covered polyethylene film or a glass lid and place in a warm place.

Before germination, the greenhouse is regularly ventilated, and, as necessary, moisten the soil under the crops. With the appearance of the first pair of leaves, the shelter is removed and a container with seedlings is placed in a permanent place of detention, where the plant is provided with the necessary care.

Conditions of detention

The successful development and rapid growth of peanuts depend on the observance of its agricultural practices. Culture should be fully provided with:

Upon reaching a height of 15–20 cm, the peanut blooms, this happens approximately 40–45 days after germination. In place of golden-orange flowers, after wilting, outgrowths (gynophores) are formed, in which fruit ovaries. Aiming for the ground, gynophores burrow into it, and peanut beans ripen at a depth of 8–10 cm. Gynophores that have not reached the ground die along with the ovary, so if they are located too high, you can substitute small cups with soil under them.