Plum details. Cultivation, useful properties and variety selection. How often and when to water peppers in the open field and greenhouse How to water peppers in a greenhouse

Proper watering of peppers in a greenhouse is an important agricultural technique that ensures maximum yield per square meter. Experienced gardeners do a lot intuitively, feeling what the plants need. A novice or a city dweller who goes to the country on the weekend cannot do without mechanization and automation of the process.

In Russian, the word pepper refers to two different families of plants. The first are peppery, which give us spice in the form of peas or ground powder. They are grown only by a few among enthusiasts. The second is everyone's favorite vegetable pepper (capsicum, garden), belonging to the nightshade. It is difficult to find a garden or cottage, wherever it is cultivated.

There are many varieties of nightshade pepper, conditionally they are divided into 3 main groups:

Moderately acute- elongated pods 12-15 g, the pulp is thin, bright red, dries easily, goes to the manufacture of paprika.
Burning or sharp- small-fruited, with thin pulp and a pod 5-6 g.
Salad, with a sweetish taste, they are also called Bulgarian. The fruits vary in size from 50 to 400 g, the flesh is fleshy, thick.

The first two are also called bitter, which is not entirely correct. Wormwood is bitter, while peppers have a range of flavors related to spicy, hot and spicy. The sweetness of salads can be changed in the direction of burning. Peppers are easily pollinated and change their taste. This should be remembered when landing. Burning and sweet varieties should be planted away from each other.

The most comfortable for them are temperatures + 18 ... + 25 ° С, and the soil is light, neutral, moderate humidity. It is these conditions that need to be created when watering pepper in a greenhouse.

Irrigation systems: from simple to complex

The greenhouse industry has been developing for more than one century. Our time of mass commodity production has made it possible to introduce many achievements of engineering in the matter of plant reclamation in a greenhouse.

As the complexity increases, they are subdivided into:

manual;
mechanical;
automatic and semi-automatic;
combined.

According to the type of irrigation, there are:

direct watering;
sprinkling;
splashing;
subsoil inflow;
drip irrigation.

Its main disadvantages are the labor intensity, the cost of physical strength and the dosing of irrigation "by eye". Mechanical systems are possible where there is a centralized water supply with a constant pressure in the system. Human intervention is reduced to opening and adjusting valves, as well as controlling the duration of watering.

In order for the system to work correctly, it needs to maintain pressure, which is ensured by:

container located above the irrigation level. Its filling is regulated either by a hydrostat or a level switch that turns the pump on and off, preventing the tank from being empty or overfilled;
downhole pump with an air chamber and a membrane, where the pump starts and stops when the pressure in the air chamber changes, which depends on the pressure in the system.

Such devices work well with a constant power supply. They are demanding on the strength and reliability of pipelines, valves and connections. In addition, the pumps need technical maintenance and control of water intake. A pump that runs dry without water will quickly fail.

Risks can be mitigated by introducing digital microprocessor devices that will monitor soil moisture and determine how often to run pumps and produce emergency stop if there is no water in the system.

Drip irrigation kit (video)

Every drop in business

With large areas of irrigation, the question of saving money arises: electricity, water, labor costs and depreciation of equipment. The more automation, the complex system and more expensive to install and maintain. Therefore, the idea of minimizing watering without worsening the condition of the soil becomes urgent.

With direct watering, sprinkling and spraying, some of the water will inevitably flow past the target, leading to unnecessary costs. The subsoil inflow is interesting, for which pipes are laid in the ground. But this is not an option for peppers, because it is difficult to regulate the water supply throughout the site, and there is always a risk of clogging. Peppers do not like either dry soil or waterlogged soil.

Ideal option - drip irrigation, when an individual tube with a control valve is passed to each plant. How often drops will spill under the plant will be determined by the operator or a “smart” sensor, the probe of which will take into account soil moisture and required amount water solution with nutrients. The system is difficult to install and initially configure. But once it works, it gives amazing results. In this case, the question of how to water pepper in a greenhouse comes down to pressing the "Start" button and controlling the operation of the drip irrigation system.

We plant seedlings of peppers in a greenhouse (video)

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Vegetable growers use different types pepper dressing. Exists big choice dressings, which are sold in specialized stores. Many people use greenhouses to grow peppers. In addition to adjusting the temperature, these vegetables need additional care. To make the soil fertile, use various fertilizers. Peppers don't grow well acidic soil Therefore, the pH balance of the soil should be controlled. A high yield can be obtained by growing peppers on fertilized soil.

How to feed pepper in a greenhouse: types of top dressing

There are several types of pepper dressings. There is a basic feed. It is performed according to a certain scheme. There are also additional top dressings for the soil. They are used in the event that pepper grows on soil protected from the external environment - in a greenhouse or greenhouse.

During the growing season, any varieties of peppers consume a large number of potassium, nitrogen and phosphorus. The last trace element is required for growth and fruiting less than the first two.

Worth knowing: if you grow peppers in a greenhouse, then you should not use fresh manure as a fertilizer.

As a top dressing can act:

Humus;
Manure;
Organic fertilizer (old leaves and grass);
Peat;
Potash and phosphate fertilizer(minerals);
Complex fertilizer.

You can feed the plants with any of the fertilizers listed above, or combine several. You need to feed the soil before planting the peppers in the greenhouse and during flowering.

Watering peppers in a greenhouse: how often should plants be watered

Peppers need to be watered correctly in order to get a good and high-quality crop. For some varieties of pepper, high humidity is detrimental. The fruits begin to deteriorate and become watery from an excess of water in the soil.

There are several types of irrigation that are used when growing peppers in a polycarbonate greenhouse or in a greenhouse.

Used for watering plants various devices: watering cans, buckets, hoses, irrigation systems.

The automatic watering method saves the vegetable grower time. If the greenhouse is small, then the manual method is the most optimal. There is no need to install expensive systems, as the grower can handle the watering himself and quickly.

How often should peppers be watered in a greenhouse? The amount of watering depends on many factors:

air humidity;
Temperatures in the greenhouse;
Pepper varieties;
Soils;
Vegetative period time.

It is necessary to determine the optimal amount of liquid that plants should consume per day.

Subsoil irrigation is used if the variety loves water. For other varieties, this method is disastrous.

bell pepper grows poorly and bears fruit on dry soil. He doesn't like drought. This variety needs to be watered very often. Watering is done when the flower opens. Peppers need more water during the hot season. Do this procedure in the morning and evening.

Do not water during the day, especially in the heat. This will harm the root system, and the pepper may burn from the sun.

When the pepper begins to bloom, water it once a day. In the heat, increase the number of waterings to two per day. In cold weather, water the plants once every three days.

Watering peppers in a polycarbonate greenhouse: types of irrigation

There are different types of watering plants in greenhouses. The type of irrigation depends on the variety of pepper, the number of bushes and the area of the greenhouse. Not all types of soil irrigation may be suitable if sweet (Bulgarian) peppers are grown in greenhouses. This crop is whimsical to water and soil, but most often such peppers are grown by vegetable growers. Bulgarian pepper is sweet, tasty, suitable for cooking a large number of dishes and canning.

Types of soil irrigation with water:

Manual;
Auto;
Mechanical.

The automatic method is used if the greenhouse has large area and many pepper bushes are grown in it.

Automatic systems turn off on their own. They are controlled by a remote control. Sensors are set to certain time, so the system turns off automatically at a certain hour.

The choice of irrigation system should be chosen based on the variety of pepper and the area of \u200b\u200bthe greenhouse. This method suitable for soil irrigation in polycarbonate greenhouses.

At mechanical way irrigation, pipes are installed in the greenhouses through which the soil is supplied and irrigated. From the type of irrigation, special droppers are installed on them. Then they are connected to a water supply source: a well, a well or a central pipeline. This process takes place with the help of a pump and electricity.

At manual way use watering cans, buckets or hoses. You can independently adjust the amount of water that will flow to each bush. This method is the most common among vegetable growers.

Fertilizer for pepper in the greenhouse: when and how to feed

Feeding pepper can be carried out in several stages. There is primary and secondary feeding. Some vegetable growers use foliar top dressing.

Primary top dressing of the soil is carried out before planting seedlings in the greenhouse. It happens in the spring.

Greenhouse soil is fertilized with the following substances:

Potassium sulfate;
Superphosphate;
wood ash;
Humus or compost (last year).

For this procedure, you will need one tablespoon of the first substance, the same amount of the second. Ashes use one glass. Humus will need half a bucket. All these components are used as soil fertilizer, the area of \u200b\u200bwhich will be one square meter. You can calculate the amount of everything yourself, for this you need to know the area of \u200b\u200bthe entire greenhouse.

All fertilizers are placed in the beds, then watered room temperature. After that, the soil is covered with a film and left for several days. Then the pepper is planted.

Peppers don't like chlorine. Therefore, it is worth choosing fertilizers that contain minimal amount chlorine.

You need to feed the peppers throughout the fruiting season. Feeding is worth every two weeks.

How to water peppers in a greenhouse

Pepper loves moist soil and air. It needs to be watered regularly. It is necessary to monitor the condition of the soil and the plants themselves. Seedlings need to be watered every day. After transplanting the pepper into the greenhouse, this operation is also carried out daily. At low temperatures, the number of waterings is reduced: you can not water every day, but make sure that the soil is not dry. Peppers need two liters of water daily.

You can water at any time of the day, but mostly in the morning or evening. It is necessary that the tops dry out before nightfall.

If it is hot, you do not need to water the pepper during the day. We must wait until the air temperature drops so as not to harm the plants.

Top dressing of pepper in a polycarbonate greenhouse: top dressing rules

Top dressing of pepper in the greenhouse is done once every two weeks. To do this, defend the warm clean water, then fertilizers (dry substances, which can be organic or mineral) are diluted in it. The water temperature is +25 degrees.

First, the plants are watered with ordinary water, then with fertilizers. After that, the soil is loosened around each pepper bush.

It is necessary to alternate fertilizers. Apply first mineral solutions, and two weeks later - organic matter.

An excess of nitrogen in the soil is fraught with plants. The bushes will grow well, massive greenery will form, but the fruits will be tied and develop poorly.

Many vegetable growers use foliar top dressing.

It happens in several stages:

They defend the water;
Minerals are added to it;
Mix thoroughly;
Spray pepper bushes with this solution at a distance.

If the flowers begin to wither, and the ovary does not appear, you need to spray the pepper with a solution boric acid. To do this, use one teaspoon of the substance per ten liters of warm water. After a while, the result of spraying will be noticeable.

How peppers are fed in a greenhouse (video)

Pepper requires careful care. This plant loves warmth, sun and grows in good soil. To get a good harvest, you need to use different kinds top dressing. They should be chosen carefully for each variety and alternated with each other. Water the pepper every day and monitor the condition of the soil. Do not over-water the pepper, as root system may begin to rot, and the plant will die. Subject to the timing of watering and fertilizing, you can get high-quality and delicious harvest, growing it in our own polycarbonate greenhouse.

Proper watering of pepper is able to provide good yield. At the same time, it is also important to maintain an acceptable level of air humidity inside the greenhouse, which would not adversely affect the plants. Some varieties from high humidity are dying. About how much and how often you need to water the pepper in the greenhouse - we'll talk in our article.

Types of irrigation in the greenhouse

Let us first consider what types of irrigation are applicable in greenhouses in order to further apply this knowledge when considering questions about the amount and frequency of irrigation.

So, there are several options for watering in a greenhouse:

Automatic watering- is an irrigation system that turns on and off automatically. Assumes the presence special equipment controlled from a remote control or a centralized power supply unit. Sensors are installed in the greenhouse, which are set for a certain time and turn the irrigation system on and off by themselves.
Mechanical watering - not as perfect as automatic. You will have to work on setting the pressure and ensuring a constant supply of water to the structure. But then you don’t have to do anything: by correctly placing the pipes and installing droppers on them, as well as connecting all this to a water supply system (a well, a well or a centralized pipe), you will get autonomous irrigation that does not need to be monitored and performed manually.
Manual watering- this method is known to all. For him, you need to get watering cans, buckets and other containers. Sometimes a hose is also used, but it must have a scattering nozzle on it so that the roots are not washed out by the pressure of water.

How to water pepper in a greenhouse?

In most cases, peppers in greenhouses are watered using automatic system irrigation. And in this case, it is necessary to correctly calculate the daily need for liquid for pepper seedlings. This is important as there are several options for automatic irrigation. How to water peppers in a polycarbonate greenhouse:

with drip irrigation
rain;
subsoil.

They differ from each other not only in the quality of the pipes used, but also in the nozzles. Subsoil irrigation, by the way, is not very common for pepper, since not all varieties are particularly moisture-loving. The most acceptable system is drip. It is economical in terms of water consumption, with the help of special nozzles, water is dosed directly to the ground near the stem of the plant, so that excess moisture is not consumed, as with a rain system. Moreover, excessive moisture is harmful to pepper.

How often to water pepper in a greenhouse in the heat?

Even if it is hot, it is not recommended to water the pepper more than once every 2 days, because aphids can form from dampness, and the roots can rot, which causes the whole plant to deteriorate.

For the entire growing season, pepper consumes 300-800 liters of water per 1 m2 of occupied area. At the very beginning of growth, after planting, the watering rate is less than during the fruiting period. Generally, daily rates range from 15 to 30 liters of water per square meter.

Of course, you need to water with warm water, the temperature of which is between +18 to +25 ° C. It is necessary to water in sufficient quantities, since the lack of moisture leads to stiffness of the stems, crushing of fruits and to a decrease in productivity in general.

In addition to irrigation, the so-called "dry irrigation" is used - loosening the earth. This allows oxygen to penetrate to the roots of plants and improve their condition.

Also, do not forget about timely ones, because in poor land, even with proper watering, wait good results useless.

Watering pepper largely affects the full growth of seedlings and the fruiting of this plant. vegetable crop. It is known that this plant, however, like all nightshades, is extremely resistant to drought, but regular overflow is even worse for it. How often do peppers need to be watered to achieve good harvest you will learn from our article.

Common mistakes gardeners make

Watering time

Most summer residents are sure that it is better to pour the plant than not to add it. Especially, this applies to dry weather in the summer season. Such a statement makes sense only when the root zone is watered in the morning at dawn, and by noon the water has time to absorb all of it. But if you water already in the sun or literally flood the plant, in this case the harm will be much greater. Firstly, water drops in the sun act like magnifying glasses, due to which burns can appear on the leaves and stem. Secondly, water quickly evaporating in the sun leads to the fact that the earth is first taken with a crust, and then cracks, as a result of which the roots dry out and the seedlings die.

It is advisable to loosen the soil before watering.

Watering sweet peppers is carried out in the morning or evening, when the sun is just rising or already setting. This approach provides high-quality hydration and promotes active and normal growth vegetation.

Water temperature

Another common mistake is watering the well, cold water. In order for the plant to develop properly, it is necessary that moisturizing be carried out with water, the temperature of which fluctuates between 22-25 ° C. This is a prerequisite for proper watering of pepper. And in order not to heat the water, experts recommend filling tanks or any other containers with it and leaving them in the sun.

Are you sure that during rainy weather there is no need for watering? Wrong! Even during this period, you must not forget about watering. Of course, if we are not talking about torrential or prolonged heavy rains.

VIDEO: How to grow peppers:

Irrigation Features

Watering peppers in a polycarbonate greenhouse, as well as willows open field, carried out regularly, because this vegetable crop belongs to the category of moisture-loving plants.

Despite the fact that pepper loves well-moistened soil, overdoing it with moisture is highly undesirable. This can lead to rotting of the basal stem, as well as the entire rhizome, which, in the end, will lead to wilting and death of the plant.

When the seedlings begin to bloom and ovaries form on it, irrigation in the form of sprinkling is strictly prohibited. During this period, moisture is applied exclusively under the root of the seedlings. Watering by sprinkling from a watering can is allowed only before the beginning of flowering pepper.

Watered from a watering can or shower before the ovaries and after the appearance of fruits

In order to accelerate the ripening of fruits, the introduction of moisture into the soil is suspended 10-15 days before harvest.

How often do you water peppers?

After the appearance of the first sprouts, it is necessary to water the pepper every 2-3 days, depending on the air temperature in the place where the seedlings grow.

After the pepper has been transplanted into the greenhouse, it is immediately poured with plenty of water, but so that the bush itself does not squint, it must stand strictly vertically. The next watering will be in 6-7 days.

Starting from irrigation of seeds and ending with watering of adult crops, settled water with a temperature of 23-25 ° C is always used.

In order not to be too humid in the greenhouse, pepper is usually watered in the evening, after which the greenhouse is left for airing for an hour or two.

The development of the crop and the amount of the crop largely depend on the correctness of irrigation at each stage of "growing up":

during the appearance of color, it is watered strictly into the root zone, so as not to wash off the pollen and allow the ovaries to develop;
during the formation of the ovaries watered no more than 2 times a week;
when the first fruits appear and until the last harvest, watering is reduced to 1 time per week.

If a crust appears on the soil, it must be loosened so that moisture is evenly distributed over the root zone. It is better to make a small funnel, from where the water will not flow out, but will gradually be absorbed, and then mulched.

The soil must be mulched to keep a moist environment longer.

Each bush requires about a liter of water at a temperature of 22-25 ° C.

Pepper is the only type of nightshade that is very favorable to "dry" watering. This is just the case when it is better to loosen well 1 time than to water badly 2 times. Of course, loosening the soil does not cancel the need to add water, but sometimes it is more useful to replace one with another.

Answers to gardeners' questions

Question number 1. If pepper is grown in clay soil, how often is it watered and how to dilute the soil?

In fact, peppers, as well as cucumbers, germinate well on heavy clay soil if you control its acidification. This is a big problem, because of which water often stagnates in the upper layers and does not pass to the roots. It is advisable to remove the top layer of soil by 30 cm, mix it in equal parts with peat and add 0.5 parts river sand- this soil will be ideal for peppers.

Question number 2. How often should peppers be watered and how much water should be poured if the soil is sandy?

In terms of volume, the priority is the same - 1 liter of water per 1 bush. According to the frequency - before flowering 2-3 times a week, after the ovaries - at least 2 times, but at the same time monitor the drying rate. If there is a large amount of sand in the soil, the water will quickly leave and it is necessary to water more often. To improve the quality of the soil, mix it with peat or compost and be sure to mulch the beds.

Question number 3. What pipes to use for irrigation?

Drip irrigation is very convenient for the growth and development of crops.

Question number 4. What water is suitable for pepper?

Any, if properly prepared. Best of all, sprinkling or melting temperatures of 20-23 ° C. Well or well water is heated to the same mark. Tap water - chlorinated - must be defended for at least a day, poured into another container, and only after that they start watering. Hard water is softened wood ash at the rate of half a glass of ash per bucket.

Question number 5. Why does the ovary fall off?

It is impossible to name one reason for the fall. This may be a violation of the rules of irrigation - the soil is too dry, not mulched in time, or it is periodically poured. The ovary can also be threatened due to under-pollination, when bees and other pollinators cannot get into the greenhouse in the right amount. You will have to take on the role of an insect pollinator, for which you carefully shake off the flowers in the morning. Excess moisture combined with the heat in the greenhouse - another very probable cause color fading. Monitor the indicators that are listed in the table above.

VIDEO: How to care for pepper and tomato seedlings, how to water and why the leaves turn yellow:

Pepper is the common name for some plants belonging to the genus Capsicum and the nightshade family. This culture has been cultivated in our country for a relatively long time and is popular with gardeners in almost all regions of Russia. The most commonly grown sweet or Bulgarian type of pepper, which belong to the category of heat-loving plants.

Pepper is most often cultivated in a greenhouse or greenhouse, due to special requirements this plant to climatic conditions.

The best option is to use protected ground structures based on polycarbonate. It is in greenhouses and greenhouses made of polycarbonate that this southern plant feels most comfortable and forms a good harvest.

Requirements for greenhouse cultivation

To grow healthy and abundantly fruiting plants in a polycarbonate structure, you need to correctly fulfill a number of requirements, including weeding, tying, top dressing and watering.

Most often, the main issues for caring for greenhouse peppers are related to watering. This important factor in the technology of growing heat-loving plants has a significant impact not only on the general condition of plants grown in a greenhouse or, but also on the quantity and commercial quality of the crop being formed.

General watering rules

Very often, errors in the irrigation regime, as well as its volume and implementation technique, cause low yields and damage to peppers in a greenhouse based on polycarbonate by plant pests or diseases of various etiologies.

Watering pepper in a greenhouse or greenhouse should be done as competently and correctly as possible. Peppers are very responsive to watering and are moisture-loving greenhouse plants.

It is for this reason that greenhouse pepper watering is one of the most milestones in care. The standard watering schedule for this greenhouse vegetable crop is once every five or seven days.

The soil around greenhouse peppers should always be well-moistened. However, waterlogging can adversely affect the growth and development of this culture. It should be remembered that at the flowering stage, peppers cannot be irrigated by sprinkling, since this method negatively affects the properties of pollen and will not allow the formation of ovaries.

How to grow peppers (video)

Number and frequency of watering

It is advisable to water greenhouse peppers in the morning, before sunrise. At low night temperatures, it is recommended to use for irrigation warm water. It should be remembered that in a polycarbonate greenhouse, air humidity must be regulated through regular ventilation.

Experienced gardeners quite often use water from barrels for the irrigation process, which during the day has time to warm up to temperatures that are comfortable for a heat-loving plant. If the day was dry and hot, then it is allowed to water in the evening. It is necessary to adhere to certain watering rules.

Properly performed watering involves the consumption of ten liters of water for twenty bush peppers. When irrigating agricultural plants cultivated in a greenhouse or a greenhouse based on polycarbonate, it is possible to reduce the water consumption rate per square meter of planting area by ten percent. If greenhouse soils are classified as sandy or poorly fertilized, then it is advisable to use one liter of water for each pepper bush.
Water should be distributed as accurately as possible. Do not allow the formation of a soil crust around the plant. With the tendency of the soil to form such a crust, high-quality loosening of the soil in the root zone is mandatory.
Uniform development of the root system of greenhouse peppers can be achieved using the one-sided irrigation method, in which irrigation is performed on one side of the bush, and the other side is loosened. In the next watering, the side for watering should be changed. At the stage of formation of ovaries and during the period of abundant fruiting, the frequency of watering should not exceed two times in seven days.
Greenhouse pepper seedlings should be watered every two days. The first abundant watering of greenhouse pepper is carried out when planting seedlings in the greenhouse. The next watering should be done only after five days. The period of mass fruiting becomes a signal for a short-term cessation of watering, which will help stimulate the emergence of new inflorescences.

Watering methods

It is an irrigation system that can turn on and off automatically. For this purpose, a special type of equipment is used, which is controlled by a remote control or a centralized power supply. Exists certain type sensors that control watering time. Automatic irrigation can be represented by drip, sprinkling and subsoil irrigation types.

Manual watering

The easiest and not the most convenient way watering peppers grown in a greenhouse facility. As a rule, it is supposed to use various watering cans, a hose and water containers.

Mechanical watering

The mechanical method of watering greenhouse plants is somewhat simpler than the automatic one, but it requires some effort to adjust the pressure, as well as facilities for a constant process of supplying water to the irrigation structure.

The most modern and promising is automatic way glaze. Features of this irrigation method are:

qualitative differences between pipes and nozzles used for irrigation;
application of subsoil automatic watering not allowed for all varieties of greenhouse pepper;
drip irrigation system belongs to the category of the most economical and is optimally suited for irrigating greenhouse peppers;
the sprinkling type of irrigation system is very costly and not always expedient, due to the formation of an excessive or polycarbonate-based greenhouse.

Irrigation equipment

The use of an automatic irrigation system in a greenhouse facility requires the following conditions:

availability of the power supply system;
the possibility of constant and uninterrupted water supply;
availability of special equipment;
the ability to lay pipes and install nozzles;
the ability to install sensors and meters on equipment.

Water can come from a well centralized system water supply or wells. Most often, the pipe system is made on the basis of high-quality modern plastic. To fasten such pipes into a single functional system special adapters are used or the soldering method is used.

Pipe laying can be performed not only inside the soil, but also on top of greenhouse ridges. For water supply, it is advisable to use plastic pipes larger diameter. Pipes from soft materials quite often torn under conditions of high water pressure.

The most successful solution for irrigating greenhouse peppers is to install a system that not only allows you to optimize irrigation, but also easily carry out top dressing of plants grown in protected ground. Of particular importance is the implementation of high-quality watering after fertilizing with fertilizers, which allows the fullest possible delivery nutrients to the plant root system.

Do-it-yourself drip irrigation (video)

Peppers cultivated in greenhouses and hotbeds are very responsive to irrigation, however, only with strict adherence to the irrigation norm can one count on the formation and receipt of a high-quality and high yield.