Bulgarian pepper how to plant and care. Planting, growing technology and care of pepper in the open field. With the help of a pick

2017-01-16 Igor Novitsky

Sweet pepper is a rather whimsical plant, but this quality does not prevent hundreds of thousands of gardeners from collecting hundreds of kilograms of this amazing plant from the garden every year. In order for the sweet pepper to be juicy, ripe and not succumb to the effects of pests, you will have to study the features of planting, caring, growing seedlings and their subsequent planting!

Growing peppers is a tricky business. Nevertheless, this garden crop is considered one of the most popular. Still, because it opens up endless spaces for culinary fantasies! Juicy and fragrant sweet peppers can be added to salads, borscht, soups and sauces, stuffed, baked, marinated and used to make delicious vegetable stews!

Homeland of sweet pepper South America with its tropical climate. Today, it is grown all over the world in a variety of climates. We, in Russia, began to grow pepper for culinary purposes only in the 19th century. Prior to that, it was used exclusively in medicine. It should be noted that the content of vitamin C in this vegetable is higher than in oranges. In addition, its regular use improves the functioning of the liver and gallbladder.

Where to plant and how to care?

Pepper is extremely thermophilic and photophilous. A comfortable temperature for him is not lower than + 20-25 ° С.
Plant peppers on the south side of your garden so that other plants do not cover it from the sun's rays.
Caring for pepper when grown in a greenhouse or open ground consists in proper watering, constant feeding, weeding and loosening. Pepper bushes should be watered as the topsoil dries. At the same time, it should not be allowed to dry out completely, the plants may die. After watering, it is desirable to loosen the earth.

How to grow seedlings?

Pepper is a late ripening crop, so it is grown in seedlings. We sow seeds for seedlings in late February and early March.

Prepare the soil before planting the seeds. If it was stored in a cold place, a few days before planting we bring it into the house so that it warms up well. Previously, the day before planting, we shed the soil with a pale pink solution of hot water with potassium permanganate. This is necessary for disinfection from harmful microflora, as well as final warming up.

For better growth of pepper seedlings, we mix ordinary soil from the garden with peat-based soil in a ratio of 1: 1.
This will favorably affect the further development of plants. Add wood ash to the resulting mixture in a ratio of 1:15. Ash is an excellent source of potassium, which is so necessary for the full development of plants. Then we fill the container for seedlings with prepared soil and water it. In principle, you can plant seeds in ready-made purchased soil, if you are not afraid of additional costs.

In a container where many plants will grow, we sow the seeds at a distance of 3-5 cm from each other. Then in the future there will be no need to dive seedlings. Sprinkle the seeds with earth and again pour warm water. To speed up seedlings, we create a “greenhouse effect”: we cover our crops with a film (a regular plastic bag will do).

Immediately after the emergence of shoots, remove the film. Otherwise, the pepper sprouts will overgrow and be very weak. Containers with seedlings should be placed in a warm and bright place with an air temperature of at least + 18-20 ° C. Water the seedlings at intervals of 1-2 days so that the soil is always moist.

In the early days - necessarily warm water with a temperature not lower than + 25-30 ° C. Watering plants is best in the morning or evening hours. Before watering, periodically loosen the soil to a depth of 5-7 cm.

After our peppers get a little stronger, we raise the air temperature to + 22-27 ° С. This will help them grow better. Then, in the phase of formation of 3-4 main leaves, we maintain the following temperature: + 22-25 ° C in sunny weather, + 19-22 ° C in cloudy weather, + 16-18 ° C at night.

During the growing period, seedlings will need to be fed 3 times.

We carry out the first dressing after 2 weeks from the beginning of germination, when the plant already has 3-4 leaves. During this period, pepper must be provided with nitrogen so that it fully grows and develops. To do this, add 1 tablespoon of urea to 10 liters of water, stir and water our seedlings. Before watering, you can sprinkle the soil around the plants with ash.
We carry out the second top dressing 2-3 weeks after the first, according to the same scheme.

We do the third feeding of seedlings 4 days before planting in the ground. In 10 liters of water, add 1 tablespoon of urea and 1 tablespoon of superphosphate.

Where to grow: in a greenhouse or in the open field?

We know that pepper is a heat-loving crop. Therefore, when growing in a greenhouse, you will get a guaranteed higher yield than in open ground. Plant care is the same everywhere. But it is in the greenhouse that ideal conditions are created for the growth of pepper.

In spring or early summer, do not rush to plant pepper seedlings in a permanent place. This crop needs well-warmed soil and consistently warm weather. In addition, the threat of night frosts should be completely avoided. For areas with a warm climate, the best time for planting peppers in open ground is the end of May - the beginning of June. For cold - the middle or end of June.

2 weeks before planting in open ground or a greenhouse, start hardening your peppers. What it is? In the early days, just open the window. Then we take out the seedlings to a balcony or veranda to a place where the plants will be protected from direct sunlight. If the temperature on the balcony or veranda does not drop below +14 ° C at night, the seedlings feel quite comfortable. Then we don't bring it into the house.

We plant seedlings according to the 30x30 scheme, carefully removing them from the glass so as not to damage the roots. We plant at the same depth as in the pot! Scheme 30x30: next to a single bush there should not be another close to it at a distance of less than 30 cm; seedlings can be planted in a "line", or in a checkerboard pattern.

Any gardener, growing a particular crop, wants to collect as many delicious, healthy and large fruits from it as possible. Today we will talk on the topic - Bulgarian pepper cultivation and maintenance rules, and also consider how a vegetable is planted in greenhouses or open soil.

Seed treatment technique for seedlings

Pepper sowing technology

Agrotechnical methods of growing seedlings

Principles of growing on the site

Preplant preparation of bushes - hardening

The process of planting plants in open soil

Irrigation Requirements

Ways to feed pepper

Possible difficulties

Rules for growing peppers in greenhouse conditions

Seed treatment technique for seedlings

If we take into account the lunar calendar, then the planting of bell pepper for seedlings should be carried out on those days when the moon is growing. Being engaged in growing seedlings, the material is laid in the ground with the advent of the February days. February is considered the most suitable month. This is justified by the fact that by the time of planting in greenhouses or beds in open soil in May, the pepper should be at least three months old.

The sequence of steps for seed processing step by step:

Disinfect planting seeds - place them in a one percent iodine solution and leave for 30 minutes. Rinse afterwards with plain water.
Place the material in a container with warm liquid, soak for about 5 hours.
To speed up the process of pecking the seeds, transfer them to gauze, previously moistened with water, and put them in a warm place. Do not touch for 2 days.
Make a soil substrate in advance - take soil and sand in equal proportions, combine and pour humus, so that the ratio is 1: 1: 2. Finally, add wood ash to the soil mixture - 1 spoon to 1 kilogram.

Pepper sowing technology

So, when all the above steps are completed, you can proceed to the landing procedure. This is done carefully in the following sequence:

Soil is poured into containers (pots or boxes), and then soaked with water at room temperature.
Small holes are dug - about 2 centimeters deep.
Seeds are distributed in such a way that a distance of 4 centimeters remains between them. This trick saves gardeners from the need for further dives.
The wells are sprinkled with soil and plentiful watering is carried out with the same liquid of warm temperature.
A plastic film is placed on top of the container (can be replaced with glass). Cleaned in a well-heated room without possible drafts.
During this period, it makes no sense to provide unsprouted seedlings with light. But, starting from the moment of emergence of seedlings, it should be saturated with light energy. If the weather is cloudy, you need to create artificial lighting with lamps. Seedlings need to be grown properly, illuminating them 12 hours a day.

Agrotechnical methods of growing seedlings

After the young sprouts are formed, after a week the film must be removed.

During the development of young seedlings, planted seedlings are fed twice. The first fertilizer is applied to the soil when two pairs of leaves appear - approximately two weeks after the start of germination.

As a top dressing, a solution on urea is used, it is prepared in proportions: 0.5 tablespoon to 5 liters of liquid. To achieve better efficiency, a little ash is poured onto the ground in advance.

The following procedure is done before the final transplant into open soil for several days. The components of top dressing remain the same (described above). The only difference is the addition of superphosphate, in the amount of 0.5 tablespoons. If desired, fertilizer can be replaced with well-established nettle infusion.

Principles of growing on the site

Bulgarian peppers after transplanting to the site require special attention and care. Therefore, you should immediately stock up on tools that will later come in handy when irrigating, loosening the soil and removing weeds. In addition, it does not hurt to arm yourself with means for feeding plants - this is also a very important point.

When to plant pepper seedlings in the garden? Before growing bell peppers in open ground conditions, you should wait for a warm climate to establish and allow the soil to warm up after winter frosts.

In the southern part of Russia and in regions with a temperate continental climate, the optimal planting dates are the last days of May and the first half of June. For other territories, it is more correct to wait until mid-June. Since until this time, the northern regions are still subject to frost.

Preplant preparation of bushes - hardening

Before planting pepper, it must be hardened. This will make the plants stronger, more stable and will help to quickly adapt to new unusual environmental conditions. Hardening is carried out for two weeks before disembarkation. Let's see how it's done:

Seedlings are placed on a veranda or balcony and windows are opened. In warm weather, leave for one to two hours.
Having protected the vegetation from exposure to sunlight with plywood, such procedures are repeated all week. When at night the temperature does not drop below 14 C, it is left there.
Criteria for selecting a place for seedlings and preparation operation

You should immediately decide on the place where the pepper bushes will grow. The main conditions - the site must be chosen unshaded and protected from a strong windy gust.

Then you need to process it like this:

In autumn, it is good to dig up the soil and loosen it. Next, saturate it with potassium-containing and phosphorus preparations - 100 grams per 2 square meters.
With the advent of spring, soak the soil from above using ammonium nitrate - 40 grams to two squares of the site.
Disinfect the ground about a week before planting. For this, copper sulfate is perfect - 2 tablespoons to 20 liters of liquid.

It's important to know! When several varieties of pepper are grown at the same time, they should be placed at a large distance. This will eliminate the possibility of accidental cross-pollination. You can divide the beds by planting pepper between them, for example, corn or tomatoes.

The process of planting plants in open soil

How to grow vegetables? Cold soil is undesirable for Bulgarian pepper. In this regard, the height of the holes should be raised by about 30 centimeters. Vegetables are pre-irrigated abundantly in order not to injure the root system, separating it from the ground. These actions are carried out either before sunrise, or in the late afternoon. They are seated not close to each other, observing a distance of 40x40 cm.

At the end of the pit, they are covered with soil, lightly tamped and thoroughly soaked with a liquid heated to room temperature. In order to avoid breaking off the leaves of immature plants, one should make a support near each one - tie it to pegs.

Paying attention to the fact that living vegetation needs oxygen, therefore loosening the upper soil layer is a necessary measure. Lay a plastic film over the area. It will need to be removed after about 5 days, when the vegetables get used to the new environment.

Irrigation Requirements

Growing and planting peppers is not particularly difficult if you know all the rules. Vegetables grown outdoors do not need much moisture. The initial watering is carried out simultaneously during the planting period, and the subsequent one - after 5 days. In the future, the soil is impregnated no more than once a week.

The required amount of liquid per plant is a liter (a little more is possible). However, he is growing and gaining mass, which means that later he will need a double portion of water. As soon as the peppers enter the flowering phase, only warm liquid is used for irrigation - about 20 C.

Complete moistening approximately a couple of weeks before the final harvest. After the rain has passed or you have watered the beds, they should be loosened. To reduce irrigation and retain moisture for a long time, cover the beds with mulch, overripe straw will do.

Ways to feed pepper

The first feeding is carried out after two weeks after disembarkation. Plants need nitrogen to grow normally. Therefore, the most suitable for the first procedure are preparations with a high content of this element. Basically, summer residents use this tool:

Superphosphate - 1 tablespoon is mixed with carbamide in the same amount.
The preparations are poured into 10 liters of liquid.

No less effective top dressing can be urea - 1 teaspoon and 10 liters of water. The resulting solution is poured into the soil near all pepper bushes, spending 1 liter each.

Further feeding will be needed during the period when the plants begin to bloom and pollinate. In order for the fruits to form faster, they must be fed with potassium. In this case, it is customary to use wood ash. And then add the same solution with urea as the first time.

The third procedure is performed when the first peppers are formed. The following mixture is in the widest demand:

Potassium salt is combined with superphosphate - in the amount of 2 teaspoons each.
The resulting compound is dissolved in a bucket of water.
Growing peppers is not an easy process. More time should be devoted to vegetables, their development should be assessed and nutrients should be applied in a timely manner. By the way, top dressing is not always applied to the soil. Often produce and external saturation of the vegetative mass of plants.

Possible difficulties

It happens that we grow peppers according to all the rules, but they suddenly begin to weaken and change colors for no apparent reason. If you understand in time what is the matter, you can save them. So, let's look at the most common problems:

Yellowing leaves - most likely, the vegetation is deficient in nitrogen. To cope with an unpleasant phenomenon, it will be enough to spray the peppers with water with urea: 1 spoon to 10 liters of liquid.
Falling ovaries - you can bring the culture back to normal with a solution of boric acid: dissolve 1 teaspoon in a bucket of water.
Poor crop development - superphosphate or wood ash will be your assistants in this matter: pour 1 teaspoon into 5 liters of water.

External recharge is performed only in the morning or in the evening. Otherwise, sunburn will appear on the leaves. Yeast mix worked great. Prepare it according to a simple recipe:

Fresh yeast - 200 grams is placed in 1 liter of liquid. Leave to infuse for 24 hours.
After diluting the product with 10 liters of water.
Such a tool can only be applied to well-heated soil. The permissible number of applications is 2 times during the entire development of peppers. At the end, be sure to sprinkle the ground with wood ash.

To make pepper resistant to various kinds of pests, it is necessary to process its vegetative mass with wood ash 3 times during the season (especially when they are pollinated). It is desirable to carry out these activities in the morning, while the vegetation is covered with dew.

As a protection against bears, pour onion tincture into the wells before planting - ½ onion skins to 10 liters of liquid. Let it brew for 3 days.

When pollination begins, aphids may appear on the peppers, they are processed using a solution of whey from milk - 1.5 liters are combined with a bucket of water. At the end of the action, crushed ash is sprinkled on top.

The crop can be harvested from the moment the vegetables have become the proper size and color. Since they are very tender, it is recommended to cut off the peppers without separating them from the stalks. It is generally accepted that if the peppers are well pollinated, the initial fruiting occurs in the second half of August. The gifts of nature are harvested for quite a long time, ending with the arrival of the first frosts.

Rules for growing peppers in greenhouse conditions

How to grow peppers in a greenhouse? The culture is very demanding. Her main need is warmth. It is for this reason that before planting in open soil, they are germinated by seedlings. Before sowing the seed material, it is subjected to pre-treatment and hardening.

In this regard, most farmers consider it best to plant peppers in greenhouses. After all, this is the only way to create a favorable and comfortable environment for them.

Seedlings germinate in various greenhouses and greenhouses. Peppers are planted in time with the advent of April. It is allowed to sow seeds, but they will bring a better harvest if seedlings of two months old are planted. By this time, they should grow up by at least 20 centimeters, and also acquire 3-5 pairs of leaves.

The sequence of planting sweet peppers:

Inside the greenhouse, create beds, keeping a half-meter distance between them.
Then dig holes of the same size as the container used to germinate the seedlings earlier.
Distribute a solution with manure or chicken manure in the pits - 10 liters of water + ½ cup of the product. The required volume for 1 hole is a liter of fertilizer.
Moisten the peppers well. This will help not harm the root system. And then take it out of the containers.
Plant in the prepared places, sprinkling the top with soil.
For additional support, a support is made of pegs. In order for the bushes to form strong and give a quality crop, pinching is carried out every ten days.

The main measures for the care of peppers when they are planted in a greenhouse are watering, pinching, top dressing, weeding and loosening. You should also create the right temperature conditions and carry out ventilation. On days of intense summer heat, you need to create a small shade, protecting the vegetation from the scorching sun.

Irrigate the soil no more than once in two to three days, depending on the condition of the soil. About 1 or 2 liters of liquid is consumed per bush. In addition, it is worth considering that temperature is important for plants.

The most suitable indicators in the daytime are from 20 to 27 C, and at night not less than 15 C. From time to time open all the mechanisms that can pass air, since plants need more oxygen for normal development and fruiting.

As they appear, get rid of weeds and loosen the soil.

So we examined all the secrets of growing bell pepper. Now you know how to care for and nurture this culture. With strict observance of agrotechnical measures, it will bring you many tasty and juicy fruits. Remember all the tips and nuances, do not allow drying or stagnation of moisture in the soil. Pay attention to your pets and surround them with love.

Bulgarian pepper stands out among vegetables not only in taste, but also in elegant appearance. The fruits of the plant can hang down, or they can be raised high up. In shape, they can also be different - similar to a cone, cup or prism.

However, not every gardener manages to grow this vitamin vegetable. Why? Because there are some rules in the cultivation of pepper, the observance of which leads to a good harvest.

Where did bell pepper come from

The homeland of this plant is not Bulgaria (after all, we call Bulgarian pepper), but the American continent. Today, varieties of sweet pepper are grown in Mexico, Colombia and Central America, and they began to conquer Europe from Spain.

At first, the fruits of the plant were used by man as a medicinal raw material to combat anemia and asthma. Only many years later, people learned to appreciate pepper solely for its taste and widely use it in cooking.

Sweet pepper has gained wide popularity in the North-West of Russia. It is believed that he came to Russia from the territory of Bulgaria, which is why his name is associated with this country. There it is grown in large volumes, is considered a favorite vegetable and is simply called sweet.

Soil for planting peppers. What crops are best for planting peppers

It is very good if beans or any representatives of the legume family grew in the garden before planting pepper. The plant is demanding on the composition of the soil, which is well enriched and structured by legumes. A good neighbor for him will be onions, beets, peas and beans. Such a neighborhood is mutually beneficial, because Helps deter pests.

When growing this crop, it should be taken into account that in stationary greenhouses the soil should be replaced every three to four years. It changes to a depth of three to four centimeters. Before planting, it does not hurt to fumigate the greenhouse with a sulfur checker to destroy fungal diseases and mites.

Peppers are best grown next to cucumbers, not tomatoes. This is due to the plant's need for a more humid climate, abundant and frequent watering, and a lower temperature than tomatoes require.

Growing seedlings of pepper

The seeds of the plant are usually soaked before planting. It is recommended to first treat them with potassium permanganate or phytosporin.
They are planted in boxes or pots to a depth of a centimeter to one and a half centimeters, observing a distance of two centimeters between them, and four centimeters between rows. The landing ground should lie down near the battery or in another warm place and be well warmed up.
From above, the planting is covered with a film with ventilation holes, put in a warm place and waiting for shoots. Usually they appear on the sixth - tenth day.
The air temperature required for seed germination is + 22- + 28 degrees Celsius.
As soon as the first loops of seedlings hatch, film must be removed.

Planting, growing bell pepper and caring for it

Among the pests of pepper, the scoop, whitefly,

Sweet pepper (Bulgarian, Mexican) - a brief biological characteristic

Family: Solanaceae. Species: Vegetable pepper. Growing cycle: Annual plant. Fruit: White, yellow, green, red or brown in color with good taste and aroma. Features:Heat-loving and moisture-loving plant, the optimum temperature for growth and development is + 18 .. + 25 degrees.

Sweet pepper: Cultivation and care

Who would have thought that pepper was once considered a vegetable "for an amateur." And all because his predecessors were bitter and spicy in taste. And only with the advent of sweet varieties, pepper became a "regular" of our gardens.

However, there are nuances in its cultivation: in open ground, pepper makes special demands on air and soil temperature. Therefore, in the middle lane it is better to grow it in greenhouses or greenhouses, where the average daily soil temperature does not fall below +15 degrees.

Pepper in the greenhouse

The age of seedlings at the time of transplantation should be 50-60 days. In the greenhouse, peppers are planted at a distance of 40-50 cm from each other and 60-70 cm between rows. Before planting, organic matter (3-5 kg / sq.m) and a full range of mineral fertilizers (according to the instructions) are introduced into the soil.

Peppers are planted with a clod of earth from the cups in which they grew so that there is no stunting due to transplant stress. After abundantly watered.

To keep the soil moist and to control weeds after planting, it is mulched with black spunbond or film.

Sweet Pepper Care

Basically, these are periodic waterings (1-2 times a week with warm water), which can be combined with top dressing. Do not oversaturate the soil with moisture, otherwise the plants will begin to drop flowers. Pepper loves loose soil. If the plantings were not mulched, you will have to deal with the soil crust that forms after watering.

During hot sunny hours, greenhouses are ventilated. Remember that at temperatures above +30 degrees, pollen viability decreases, which affects the formation of the ovary. Diseases in tomatoes and peppers are common. However, the latter are affected much less frequently and less intensely. Therefore, subject to crop rotation, spatial isolation and proper agricultural practices, their appearance can be practically excluded.

Feeding peppers - how and with what?

To get a good harvest, peppers are fed: 10-14 days after planting the sweet in open ground with bird droppings (1 to 20) or this mixture: 20 grams of ammonium nitrate, 35 grams of superphosphate, 25-30 grams of potassium sulfate (potassium sulfate can be replaced with 50 -60 grams of complex fertilizer) per ten liter of water.

This is enough to water 7-10 peppers.

After 10-14 days (approximately, or more precisely after the formation of the ovary on the plant), re-feed with the following mixture: 25 grams of superphosphate, 10-15 grams of saltpeter and 25 to 30 grams of potassium sulfate per ten-liter bucket of water. This time this composition is enough for 6-7 sweet pepper plants. They can also process, if necessary, peppers and a third and even fourth time (during the ripening of the fruit).

Pepper harvest

Pepper begins to bear fruit from the end of July - mid-August. It is not necessary to wait for the fruits to become the color characteristic of the variety. You can pick them 1-2 times a week, as soon as they reach their normal size. This usually occurs 30-40 days after the formation of the ovary. Peppers can ripen, for which it is enough to put them in a warm, dark, dry place.

Sweet pepper: Useful properties

Pepper is useful for people suffering from depression, diabetes, memory impairment, insomnia, loss of strength.
Red peppers, like tomatoes, contain lycopene, which prevents the development of cancer.
There is a lot of vitamin A in yellow (orange) pepper, which means that its constant addition to food improves vision, the condition of the skin and mucous membranes of the body.
The substances contained in pepper protect the body from premature aging and the harmful effects of free radicals.
Interesting: it turns out that sweet pepper comes from Mexico. It was dubbed Bulgarian thanks to breeders from this country, who bred sweet large-fruited varieties.

A. Sobolev

Gardener's tips for growing sweet peppers - practice

When planting sweet pepper seedlings in the ground, I do not bury them. This is their important difference from tomatoes.

If the seedlings have bloomed and have already tied fruit, it's okay. In the greenhouse, plants quickly come to their senses. But I don’t plant peppers with flowers and ovaries in open ground, I pluck them.

I remove the central, “main” flower from the pepper, growing from the first median branching. Then the pepper will give 3 or even 5 fruits more.

In the aisles, I definitely plant undersized varieties of calendula or marigolds, basil and coriander. They repel pests. Coriander and parsley blooming in the aisles, as well as banana and apple skins, attract pollinating insects.

During the growing season, I shorten strongly elongated shoots growing below the main fork of the stem, as well as excessively shaded (inside the crown).

Regular picking of peppers encourages plants to form new fruits. The more often you harvest, the more abundant it is.

S. Ryzhkina

sweet pepper varieties
Name	maturation and bush	Fruit	Peculiarities
Brooch	Very early, 30 - 50 cm	When ripe, orange-red, weighing 140-180 g, wall thickness 5 mm	Resistant to tobacco mosaic virus, verticillium. blossom end rot
Funtik	Early ripe 50-70 cm	When ripe, red, large, cone-shaped, weighing 140-180 g. Wall thickness 5-7 mm	12-18 fruits are formed on a bush. Resistant to tobacco mosaic virus, verticillium
Czardas	Very 60-70 cm early	When ripe, orange-red, cone-shaped, weighing 170-220 g, wall thickness 5-6 mm	Peppers are suitable to use at any stage of development. 13- 17 fruits

Three conclusions from eight observations

In recent years there have been problems with sweet peppers. Previously, there were so fruitful years that they did not know what to do with! Usually planted up to 50 plants. Seedlings were acquired strong, with a developed root system. And suddenly the situation changed dramatically: all phases of development are very sluggish. I want to figure out: what was done wrong, what mistakes were made in agricultural technology? I'll try to analyze.

In our area, the soil is fertile (chernozem with a sufficient amount of humus), and, in principle, pepper should bear fruit well.

Every week (Saturday or Sunday) the peppers were poured with room temperature water from a barrel or tub heated in the sun. The exactingness of the root system in moisture was fully satisfied.

Peppers were planted in a sunny, well-ventilated place, taking into account its heat-loving ™.

The land was regularly loosened on the site in order to avoid drying out and cracking of the soil, i.e. dry irrigation was carried out.

When planting seedlings in open ground, they tried to observe crop rotation: they did not plant them after tomatoes, since these crops have identical diseases. The predecessor was cabbage or mustard, used as green manure. Unfavorable neighbors were not planted nearby - cucumbers and beans.

Straw mulching was not neglected, which made it possible to protect the soil from drying out.

Since pepper does not tolerate soil with high acidity, wood ash was added to each hole when planting seedlings. In addition, the aisles were periodically dusted with wood ash.

A complex mineral fertilizer was used as foliar top dressing.

The conclusion suggests itself: the problems are caused by a significant temperature difference during the day (30 ° heat) and at night (much lower). And second: the lack of moisture - in the heat it evaporated rather quickly, and the developing fruits were thirsty.

This year I decided to grow pepper seedlings on my own, for which I completed the preparatory measures.

Firstly, I purchased 4 varieties of peppers and selected ten seeds from each bag. These are Boatswain, Anastasia, Gourmet, Bogatyr. Secondly, I decided on the date of planting the seeds: this is February 23-24, when the growing Moon was in the fertile sign of Taurus. Thirdly, I prepared the ground for planting seeds for seedlings, which included 4 ingredients: land from our site, land for seedlings, wood stove ash and sand. The substrate turned out to be loose, light.

What is good for a tomato is death for a pepper

Not everyone knows how to grow sweet bell peppers. And all because they apply the same rules as when growing tomatoes. And they certainly fail: agricultural technology is significantly different.

Sweet pepper is a very heat-loving plant. Even in our south, in open ground, I plant pepper through seedlings, when the air warms up to 20-25 °, there is no threat of frost. It is possible earlier, but under a film shelter. I made many mistakes until I started reading literature on gardening, consulting with experienced gardeners. It turns out that sweet pepper has its own secrets. Here are six "not".

Don't spud.

Not everyone knows that pepper, like a tree, has a root collar. When planting, it must be above the surface of the soil, otherwise the process of fruit formation will be delayed. For the same reason, peppers, unlike tomatoes, cannot be spudded. Pepper does not have adventitious roots, like a tomato, so hilling will only hurt: the seedlings will sit for a long time without developing, and you will have to wait for late flowering.

Do not loosen.

In addition, pepper has a superficial root system:

you need to loosen the soil with extreme caution, but it is better to mulch it. For this, cut dry grass, dry leaves, pine needles, rotted sawdust or fresh, but moistened with a solution of urea or ammonium nitrate, are suitable.

Mulch will retain moisture in the soil and will not damage the root system.

Do not fill.

Peppers need to be watered often and little by little. Tomatoes are watered rarely, but plentifully. I use drip irrigation, which is absolutely not suitable for tomatoes!

Don't overdo it.

Don't forget about supplements. I start feeding the pepper at the age of two true leaves (once every 8-10 days). They like nitrogen and potassium, less phosphorus. But even here it is necessary to observe the measure: an excess of fertilizer will also negatively affect the development and fruiting of the plant. They don’t like manure either, so I don’t put it under the bushes (as I do with tomatoes) and don’t water it with manure infusion. To improve the taste of fruits, I feed them with potassium sulfate (20-30 g per 10 liters of water), the taste immediately improves.

Don't thicken.

When planting seedlings, I keep a distance between plants of 25-30 cm, and row spacing - 55-60 cm, then the roots feel free and there is enough sun for everyone.

Do not plant together with sharp varieties.

Peppers are a self-pollinating crop, but, as practice shows, cross-pollination of varieties growing nearby is also possible. I noticed that in this case, the yields are higher.

But because of the same feature, spicy and sweet varieties cannot be planted nearby.

For the prevention of diseases, twice a season I treat plantings with any copper-containing preparation. Don't forget to work the leaves on the reverse side.

Sweet pepper needs sand

My favorite crop is sweet pepper. Once I was given seeds of two varieties - with red and yellow fruits. It is a pity that they remained nameless, because these plants invariably give excellent results on my site.

Pepper needs iodine

These are rather late varieties, they have large cube-shaped fruits - an average of 20 cm in length. I also like the Atlant variety, it is already early ripe. Its fruits are smaller, but there are more of them on the bushes.

I plant seedlings in February, after the appearance of two true leaves I make a pick. We must try to plant the pepper so that by the time it is transplanted to a permanent place, it does not have time to bloom. I plant it in a greenhouse in three rows in a checkerboard pattern rather tightly - the interval between plants is about 35 cm. And since pepper loves iodine, I hang an open bottle of this liquid next to the bed. When watering, I also add iodine to the water - 30 drops per bucket.

I also noticed that pepper loves ash. I insist 1 cup of this raw material in a bucket of water for three days. I water the plants under the root with the resulting alkaline liquid.

How to make the land fertile

The land in our area is mostly sandy, which means it is poor. But surprisingly, it is pepper that feels very good on it. Of course, I want to increase the fertile layer. But manure has now become practically inaccessible, it is too expensive. I found a way out of the situation in the application of Baikal EM-1 fertilizer. I prepare a “sourdough” from the concentrate: I throw chopped nettles into the tank, add the old fermented jam and a glass of the drug. I cover the container, stir occasionally, after two weeks I filter and add the resulting liquid when watering the plants, diluting 1 liter in a bucket of water.

The benefits of "Zircon"

Of the modern preparations, I liked Zircon the most. I began to use it after I overheard a conversation between two farmers who highly appreciated the ability of this remedy to increase plant immunity. And now I process all my garden and garden plants with this drug. I noticed that they were much less likely to be affected by diseases and pests. And the negative impact of nutrient-poor soil is smoothed out.

From the onion fly I recommend to escape as follows. In early spring, while the insects have not woken up, it is necessary to prepare a pink solution of potassium permanganate, add 8 vials of ammonia and boric acid (1 tsp of the powder must first be diluted in hot water). Plants should be watered with this solution - under each bulb. A bucket of this liquid is enough for about 4 mg.

Dig - and no "nails"

It is often written that it is impossible to dig up the soil. I fundamentally disagree with this. After all, only by digging with the turnover of the layer can you get rid of the larvae of soil pests, especially the May beetle. These voracious creatures are capable of destroying onion plantings in a matter of days. And when digging, the larvae (and they, if anyone does not know, are quite large in size) can be collected and destroyed.

Not so long ago, tablets for the expulsion of moles appeared on sale. When laid in holes, they emit acetylene gas, which the animals cannot tolerate and therefore they leave their homes.

Natalya Stanislavovna KOVALCHUK

Pepper varieties are divided according to several characteristics: early maturity, plant height, color, shape, size and thickness of the fruit. Soon it is time to sow seeds for seedlings. Let's figure out which variety to choose.

Sweet or spicy?

First of all, decide which one you want to grow - sweet or spicy (bitter). If both - keep in mind that they must grow at least 10 m apart, otherwise the bushes will pollinate, and you may not get a sharp enough or not quite sweet version. If you want to grow a rich crop of hot peppers, give preference to early-ripening varieties with the traditional red color of the fruit (Jubilee, Tula, Fiery Volcano). And if pepper, among other things, should please with an unusual look and decorate a garden or flower garden, take a closer look at specimens with medium-sized, original-shaped fruits (Jamaican Red, Fireworks, Indian Summer). By the way, in the fall it will be possible to “relocate” them to a container and take them home.

When choosing sweet peppers, decide whether to buy a hybrid (F1) or regular variety.

Hybrids are more productive, their fruits are larger, these plants get sick less often. But when growing such peppers, all the rules of agricultural technology must be observed, otherwise the result described by the seed manufacturer cannot be achieved. In addition, they are not recommended to collect their seeds: the signs of parental plants will not be preserved.

It is easier to grow plants of ordinary varieties, you can collect seeds from them, but it will be difficult to get huge fruits.

Early - not too late

By precocity, early, mid-season and late varieties are distinguished.

The early ones begin to bear fruit 100-120 days after sowing the seeds (Snezhok, Ivanhoe, Snegirek F1, Dobryak, Daredevil, Apollo, Je-mini F1). They are ideal for growing in regions with short summers in open ground, however, with the use of temporary shelters made of polyethylene film or non-woven fabric (spunbond).

Mid-season varieties ripen 120-140 days after sowing seeds. Among them are Atlas, Gift of Moldova, Health, Arsenal, Hercules, Bogatyr, Orange King, Glob. They give a good harvest in greenhouses and low film shelters.

Late varieties of pepper (Trapez, Ingrid, Nochka F1, Ruby) can be harvested 140-150 days after sowing the seeds (until October). But such peppers have time to grow and ripen only in the southern regions.

Without any hassle, the pepper grows

The nature of the branching of the stem, on which the height of the plant as a whole depends, is another important point when choosing a variety.

Standard (single-stem) varieties branch only at the top of the main stem (Lumina, Eroshka, Funtik). Such plants do not need to be formed, tied to a trellis or stake, they need a temporary or small-sized shelter.

In plants of semi-standard varieties ( Barguzin,Chord,F1 pace) usually grows from one to three short shoots at the bottom of the main stem. Bushes have to be formed and tied up; these varieties are not suitable for growing in open ground.

In bush peppers (Merchant, Kakadu, Wonder Tree F1), the main stem branches from the very base, forming several long shoots. In a heated greenhouse, such plants can grow up to 3 m. They are the most productive, but at the same time the most capricious.

Anton LESHCHEV, Ph.D. agricultural sciences

DID YOU KNOW: GIANTS IN THE BED

Recently, it has become fashionable to grow vegetables, the fruits of which are very different in size from the rest of the family. Experts have bred many varieties of pepper that can boast a very large size. Most often found on sale Red Bull, Quadro Red, King Kong. Their fruits, with proper agricultural technology, reach the size of a liter jar, and the wall thickness is about 1 cm.

True, in order to grow such peppers, no more than 5 ovaries should be left on the plant.

: Table of drugs to combat ...

Sweet pepper is a very popular crop among vegetable growers.

And this explains a lot.

It contains a lot of useful vitamins and minerals, the amount of which exceeds tomatoes and eggplants, and in terms of the content of ascorbic acid it has no equal at all.

Pepper will decorate any dish on your festive table, will give it an exquisite taste and aroma.

This plant is easy to grow and get tasty fruits if all agrotechnical measures are observed.

Features of sweet pepper that you need to know when growing it

Pepper is negatively affected by changes in night and day temperatures, as well as changes in humidity.
Insufficient coverage of culture, especially during the formation of buds, has a bad effect on its development.
There are varieties and hybrids of sweet pepper. A hybrid will be your best bet, as it is more productive, more resistant to disease, and has nice, even fruit.
For growing crops, flat, sunny, calm areas are most suitable.
It is necessary to prepare the ground for pepper immediately after harvesting the previous crop.
You also need to know what fertilizer and when to apply.

Features of different types of soils, which must be taken into account in order not to be disappointed in the harvest in the future:

What needs to be done to improve the fertility of the land if there are loamy soils on the site?
To do this, you will need the following components: rotted sawdust, peat or manure. All of the above must be applied in certain quantities. Manure requires one bucket, two peat, sawdust is also one.
What needs to be done to improve the fertility of the land if there are clay soils on the site?
To improve such lands, it is necessary to take sand of a large fraction and the same rotted sawdust, each of them in a bucket, mix and add to the soil.
What needs to be done to improve the fertility of the land if there are peat soils on the site?
With the predominance of such lands, it is necessary to add components such as soddy soils and humus to it. Each of them is taken in a bucket, mixed and applied to the soil.
What needs to be done to improve the fertility of the land if there are sandy soils on the site?
With such soils, the following substances are added: peat or clay soil, humus is added to them about two buckets and one bucket of sawdust.

How to properly prepare the ground for sweet pepper, we list all the steps:

The first thing you need to know is that they begin to prepare the land for planting the crop immediately after harvesting the predecessor crop, that is, in the fall. The ideal ones are: cabbage, cucumber.
In the autumn period of soil preparation, organic fertilizers are applied along with mineral fertilizers. But before that, it is necessary to carry out harrowing or shallow plowing of the soil.
But if it suddenly turned out that you did not manage to fertilize the land in the fall, this can be done in the spring. In the same way and with the same fertilizers.
After making all the necessary fertilizers, the earth is dug up. At the same time, you need to immediately make beds on which the culture will grow. Height, which should be 25-30 cm.
And the last thing that is done is that the ready-made beds are watered with a solution prepared from the water of one bucket and 0.5 liters of mullein.

After the measures taken to prepare the land, it can be used for planting pepper.

Sweet pepper varieties and hybrids that you can try for planting on your site: Agapovsky, Atlant, Barguzin, Alyosha Popovich, Bogatyr, Bonus, Victoria, Vitamin, " Gift of the Caspian, Dobrynya, Yellow Bouquet, Green Miracle, Ilya Muromets, California Miracle, Bell, Cornet, Pioneer, Gift of Moldova and many others.

When choosing any of them, you must decide for yourself for what purposes you are going to use pepper.

Seedlings of culture can be grown in three conditions, and briefly about them:

In room conditions. Such seedlings are best placed on windows or balconies, if there is not enough light, then you can also artificially illuminate. Water used for irrigation should be settled for several hours. Feed indoor seedlings twice. The first time when the leaves appear, and the second time two weeks after the first feeding.
In greenhouses. In order to obtain high quality seedlings. It is necessary to use biofuel, that is, hot manure. Such seedlings can be grown with and without a pick. The best option for growing seedlings is to grow them in pots that are placed on the ground of the greenhouse and watered. Seedlings need to be fed at least twice.
In greenhouses. It is easier to grow seedlings in a greenhouse than in a greenhouse. Under such conditions, seedlings growing in pots can be taken outside to undergo the hardening procedure. In the greenhouse, seedlings are fertilized with mineral fertilizers once or twice.

Features of planting culture

Since sweet peppers are characterized mainly by a long growing season, a suitable planting method would be seedlings.

When planting seedlings, you need to consider the distance between them. The best option would be 45-55 cm.

A suitable period for planting seedlings will be the last day of May or the first decade of June. Since there will already be complete confidence that the spring frosts will no longer come, and the culture will not freeze out. The best time of day for such a process would be evening time, and you can also select a cloudy day. Thus, the culture adapts better to new conditions and is less injured.

It is generally impossible to plant seedlings during the day, especially if it is a very hot day.

Before planting, you need to prepare small dimples with a maximum depth of 50 cm. A little ash and humus are poured into the bottom of the hole, and then seedlings are installed and the hole is filled up.

For faster adaptation of the plant to new conditions, they need cover with foil or other material. After the culture takes root and takes root in the ground, the shelter can be removed.

In the first days of the plant's life, it will look lifeless and lethargic, even if you water it often, but you should not worry, this is quite normal. After ten days, the culture will come to life and begin to grow rapidly. In order for the seedlings to take root better, it is necessary to carry out daily loosening of the soil.

When planting a crop, you need to immediately install pegs so that you do not injure it later. This is necessary in order to tie up the culture in the future and ensure its normal growth without breaking.

An important role in the life of a culture is played by the pinching of a plant. To form a stronger and more branched bush, you need to pinch the top. This process is carried out when the plant has reached a height of at least 30 cm.

If you decide to plant several varieties of pepper. It is better to do this at a certain distance from each other. Because cross-pollination of crops among themselves may occur, which in the future will not greatly affect the taste of pepper.

What should be observed when caring for sweet peppers?

There are many diseases and pests that can harm a plant. To prevent this from happening, you need to take preventive measures. Both folk remedies and those sold on the market can help in the fight against them.

Also, crops growing in the neighborhood can provide protection to their neighbors. For prevention, every two weeks, plants can be watered with a solution, but the main thing is not to overdo it.

You also need to pay attention to the timely watering of the crop, to tying it up from unnecessary damage, to weeding and removing weeds, as well as to making various kinds of plant nutrition for better development.

Watering the culture is very important. With proper moisture, the plant will grow and develop well. The soil must be constantly moist. But Precipitation should also be monitored if they are abundant watering should be completely excluded, and if not very much, then from time to time it is necessary to water the culture.

It is best to moisten the soil in the morning, during cold nights. And if not, it is fashionable to water during the day. The temperature of the water should not be cold, so as not to harm the plant. Before watering, you need to carry out a slight loosening of the soil, this is done so that there is no bark around the crop.

feed the plant is needed in several stages:

The first stage must be carried out after two weeks of planting the crop in an open area. For this event, you need to prepare a special solution consisting of urea, superphosphate and water. Having combined all these components, they are thoroughly mixed and poured 1 liter into each bush.
The second stage must be carried out during the flowering of the plant. For this event, you need to prepare the following solution, consisting of urea, superphosphate and potassium sulfate and water. All components are mixed and applied under each bush.
The third stage must be carried out during the appearance of the initial fruits. For this event, you need to prepare the following solution, consisting of potassium salt, water and superphosphate. All components are mixed and poured under each bush, in two doses.

Loosen the ground under the planted plant must be carried out with extreme caution. The root systems of sweet peppers are close to the surface. In order not to harm the roots of pepper, loosening is carried out not to a great depth.

The fruits of the culture can be removed unripe and ripe. But when removed unripe, you can get a larger harvest.

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