Offers with definitely personal offers. Types of one-part sentences: indefinitely personal, impersonal
In the sentence, despite the absence of a subject, it is clear that it comes from a certain actor. To check, you can add the missing subject, restoring it in meaning, and this will be the pronoun of the 1st or 2nd person.
I love hot sunny days of summer.
(we add “I”, we get: “I love the hot sunny days of summer” - a two-part sentence).
Shall we pick mushrooms? (Will we pick mushrooms?)
The predicate of a definite-personal sentence can be expressed:
Verb of the first or second person of the indicative mood.
The day after tomorrow I'm going to my grandmother.
Are you going to the city?
Go to the right, you will see a house there.
Second person imperative verb.
Stay after class today to do your homework.
Pass me the book.
Take a piece of cake.
In order not to confuse definitely personal sentences with incomplete two-part sentences, you should remember a small rule:
Remembered the past.
(You can substitute I, YOU, HE, etc., since past tense verbs do not have a person; therefore, the sentence is not one-part definite-personal, it is an incomplete sentence with a missing subject).
Very often in definitely personal sentences there is an appeal that is not a member of the sentence, but it is confused with the subject. Thus, they make the mistake of considering it to be two-part.
Marina, let's do some more. (Marina - appeal, definitely personal one-part)
Marina is still busy. (two-part, where Marina- subject).
Synopsis of the Russian language lesson in grade 8
Note:
The synopsis was compiled according to the textbook by L. M. Rybchenkova.
Definitely personal suggestions.
- repetition and deepening of knowledge about the types of one-part sentences;
- study of the main features of definite personal sentences;
- development of skills to find definite personal sentences in the text, to distinguish them from other types of one-part and incomplete sentences, to use them in speech;
- development of syntactic parsing skills.
Lesson type:
Combined.
1. Repetition of what has been learned, updating of basic knowledge.
(In the previous lesson was given general characteristics one-part sentences, a table of types of one-part sentences by the type of the main member is considered; in subsequent lessons, this table is supplemented and specified for each type).
One student at the blackboard prepares an oral answer according to the scheme “Types of one-part sentences” - nominative and verbal, with examples.
At this time - spelling warm-up (dictionary dictation):
Cut your hair, cut off the bread, prepare a response, leave things, light a fire, get involved, mark the paragraph, write without mistakes, read expressively, let's do it together, soaked apples, ironed shirt, true state of affairs, traditional question, renovated building, cobbled street, stacked firewood.
Explanation of spelling, self-check.
The student's story about the types of one-part sentences.
2. Analysis of proposals for the presence of main members, preparation for the perception of the topic.
Determine the type of sentences: two-part or one-part, write out one-part sentences, indicate their type (nominal or verbal).
Firewood stacked in a woodpile.
I put firewood in the woodpile.
We put firewood in the woodpile.
We analyze a sentence with one main member in the form of a predicate: I put firewood in the woodpile.
What verb expresses the predicate? (Present time, 1 lit., singular, expressive ink)
Can we mentally substitute a subject in a sentence? What is a possible pronoun here? (I).
That is, we can determine the person on whose behalf the message is coming? Such one-part sentences are called definite-personal sentences.
3. Study theoretical material textbook (§ 22): independent reading, searching for something new, students' answers (sounding of theoretical material, selection of examples).
4. Parsing sentences (students work at the blackboard):
Choose your friends wisely.
I read with interest all the new works of this talented writer.
I will diligently prepare for the test.
(Orally replace the singular form of the verb with the plural, conclude that the main member in a definite personal sentence can be expressed by the verb in the 1st and 2nd person of the present and future tenses of the indicative and imperative moods).
5. Observations on linguistic material:
To compare two sentences and determine which of them is one-component definite personal, students work independently, then, when checking, justify their choice, argue.
(The conclusion is that a sentence with an appeal can be one-part definitely personal; it must be remembered that the appeal is not a member of the proposal). Syntactic analysis (on the board) of the sentence.
(The conclusion that a sentence with a predicate in the past tense is a two-part incomplete).
6.
Training exercises from textbook No. 146 (continue the text using definite personal sentences), No. 147 (write out one-part definite personal sentences from texts, underline the predicate in each, indicate which verb it is expressed in). 
7. Creative task(in groups): compose a short text in which to use definite personal sentences;
- one group prepares the text "Morning exercises";
- the second - "How to cook a salad from fresh vegetables»;
- the third - "Instructions for the use of the alarm clock."
Reading and discussing texts, finding out where in speech we can meet certain-personal sentences.
Mutual evaluation, determining which group managed to compose the most interesting and saturated with definite personal sentences text.
8. Summing up the lesson, reflection.
9. Homework: choose examples of definitely personal sentences from the literature or compose your own text-congratulation (happy birthday, new year) using definitely personal sentences.
Examples of texts created by students in the course of performing a creative task:
- "Morning work-out". Stand up straight, straighten your shoulders. Raise your hands up, take a deep breath, put your hands down, exhale. Repeat this exercise 7-10 times. Lean forward, try to touch the floor with your hands. Straighten up, spread your arms to the sides. Sit down and stand up 5-7 times. Relax, restore your breath. Now let's wash up and go to breakfast.
- How to make fresh vegetable salad. Take 2 medium-sized cucumbers, two tomatoes, onions, greens. Wash everything thoroughly, clean the onion. Cut cucumbers into cubes, tomatoes into slices. Chop up the greens. Cut the onion into rings. Mix everything in a salad bowl, pour over with sunflower oil or mayonnaise. Don't forget to salt to taste. Enjoy your meal!
- "Instructions for using the alarm clock." Take the alarm clock out of the box. Insert a battery. Be careful! If it is inserted incorrectly, the alarm will not work. Turn on the alarm. Check if it works. Put the bell arrow on required time. Make sure the alarm is set to ring. Go to bed calmly.
§one. common data
Recall: sentences are divided into two-part sentences, the grammatical basis of which consists of two main members - the subject and the predicate, and one-part sentences, the grammatical basis of which consists of only one main member: the subject or the predicate.
One-part sentences are divided into two groups:
- with main member - subject
- with the main member - predicate
The latter are divided into four types.
This means that there are five types of single-component sentences. Each has its own name:
- nominal
- definitely personal
- vaguely personal
- generalized-personal
- impersonal
Each type is discussed separately below.
§2. One-part sentences with the main member - subject
Name sentences- these are one-part sentences with the main member - the subject.
In denominative sentences, the existence of an object, phenomenon is reported or an emotional and evaluative attitude towards it is expressed. Examples:
Night.
Silence.
Night!
Raspberries are sweet!
What a beauty!
Nominative sentences with particles here, over there have index value: There is a village!
Nominative sentences can be non-common and consist of only one word - the main member or common, including other members of the sentence:
Blue sky above.
Blue sea at your feet.
Near the window small table covered with tablecloth.
Most often, as a subject in denominative sentences, the following are used:
- nouns in I.p.: Heat!
- pronouns in I.p.: Here they are!
- numerals or combinations of numerals with nouns in I.p.: Twelve. First of January.
§3. One-part sentences with the main member - predicate
One-part sentences with the main member - the predicate are not the same in the structure of the predicate. There are four types.
Classification of one-part sentences with the main member - predicate
1. Definitely personal offers
2. Indefinitely personal offers
3. Generalized personal sentences
4. Impersonal Offers
1. Definitely personal offers
Definitely personal suggestions- these are one-part sentences with the main member - the predicate, which is expressed by the personal form of the verb in the form of 1 or 2 liters. or a verb in imperative mood. The face is defined: it is always either the speaker or the interlocutor. Examples:
I love meeting with friends.
the action referred to in the sentence is performed by the speaker, a verb in the form of 1 l. unit
Let's call each other tomorrow!
prompting to joint action speaker and interlocutor, verb in the imperative mood)
How do you live?
the action about which information is obtained is performed by the interlocutor, a verb in the form of 2 l. plural
in narrative and interrogative sentences the action of the speaker or interlocutor is expressed:
Tomorrow I'm leaving for a business trip. What do you prefer for dessert?
Motivating sentences express the motivation for action of the interlocutor:
Read! Write! Insert the missing letters.
Such sentences are independent, they do not need a subject, because the idea of a person can be expressed in the language by the personal endings of verbs.
2. Indefinitely personal offers
Indefinitely personal sentences- these are one-part sentences with the main member - the predicate, which is expressed by the verb in the form of 3 l. plural in the present or future tense or in the plural form. in the past time. The person is indefinite: the action is performed by someone indefinite.
unknown, not determined by whom the action is performed
TV said that...
it is not determined who performed the action
Such sentences do not need a subject, since they express the idea of indeterminacy of the persons performing the action.
3. Generalized personal sentences
Generalized personal offers- these are one-part sentences with the main member - a predicate, standing in the form of 2 l. unit or 3 l. plural in the present or future tenses or in the form of 2 l. units or pl. imperative mood:
In generalized personal sentences, the person appears in a generalized form: all, many, and the action is presented as usual, always performed. Such sentences express the collective experience of the people as a whole, reflect stable, generally accepted concepts. Examples:
You love to ride, love to carry sleds.
You can't build your happiness on someone else's misfortune.
The action referred to is a common one, characteristic of all people, conveying the idea of a collective experience.)
Do not count your chickens before they are hatched.
It doesn't matter who specifically performs the action, it is more important that it is performed usually, always, by everyone - the collective experience is reflected, while a specific person is not implied.
In generalized personal sentences, the idea of a generalized person is important, therefore they express generalizations characteristic of proverbs and sayings, aphorisms, different kind maxims.
Note:
Not all textbooks single out generalized personal sentences as a special type. Many authors believe that certain-personal and indefinitely-personal sentences can have a generalized meaning. Examples:
You love to ride, love to carry sleds.
(considered as a definite personal sentence with a generalized meaning)
Do not count your chickens before they are hatched.
(considered as an indefinite personal sentence that has a generalized meaning)
What is the basis for different interpretations?
Authors who distinguish generalized personal sentences into a separate type, more attention give meaning to this group of sentences. And those who do not see sufficient grounds for this, put formal signs (forms of verbs) at the forefront.
4. Impersonal Offers
impersonal proposals- these are one-part sentences with the main member - a predicate, standing in the form of 3 l. unit present or future tense or in the form cf. past tense. Examples:
An action or state is expressed in them as involuntary, in no way dependent on any person or group of persons.
The predicate in impersonal sentences can be expressed in different ways:
1) with an impersonal verb: It was getting dark., It was getting dark.
2) a personal verb in impersonal use in the form of 3 l. unit present or future tense or cf. unit past tense. It's getting dark, it's getting dark.
3) a short passive participle in the form cf.: Already sent to the market for fresh products.
4) in the word of the state category: Are you cold?, I feel good.
In the present tense, the zero connective of the verb to be not used. In the past and future tense, the link to be is in the forms:
- past tense, singular, cf.: I felt good.
- future tense, singular, 3 lit.: I will be fine.
5) infinitive: To be a scandal., To be in trouble.
6) impersonal auxiliary verb with infinitive: I wanted to relax.
7) the word of the state category with the infinitive: Have a good rest!
8) negatives: no (no - colloquial), nor: There is no happiness in life!
Impersonal sentences are also diverse in terms of the meanings they express. They can convey the states of nature, the states of people, and the meaning of the absence of something or someone. In addition, they often convey the meanings of necessity, possibility, desirability, inevitability, and others like that.
test of strength
Find out how you understood the contents of this chapter.
Final test
Is it true that sentences with one main member-predicate are called one-part sentences?
Is it true that one-part sentences are called with one main member - the subject?
What are sentences with one main member - subject called?
- incomplete
- nominal
What is the offer: What nonsense!?
- nominal
- definitely personal
- impersonal
What is the offer: Protect the environment!?
- definitely personal
- indefinite personal
- impersonal
What is the offer: The newspaper printed the weather forecast for the week.?
- indefinite personal
- generalized-personal
- definitely personal
What is the offer: I'm shivering.?
- nominal
- impersonal
- definitely personal
What is the offer: It's getting light.?
- impersonal
- indefinite personal
- generalized-personal
What is the offer: He wanted to sleep.?
- definitely personal
- indefinite personal
- impersonal
What is the offer: Do you want some tea?
- definitely personal
- indefinite personal
- impersonal
It is a logical system with which schoolchildren in Russia are closely acquainted starting from the 8th grade.
Syntactic parsing includes complete description suggestions:
- according to the purpose of the statement (narration, question or motivation);
- by intonation (exclamatory, non-exclamatory);
- by composition (how many parts does it consist of: simple, complex);
- by type of grammatical basis (how many main members in the basis - one or both: two-part, one-part);
- by the presence of secondary members (common, non-common);
- by the presence of complicating structures (complicated, uncomplicated).
So, according to the type of grammatical basis all syntactic constructions are divided into two categories, which, according to all the main programs established by state standards, are studied in the 8th grade:
- Bipartite (the sentence has a subject and a predicate). Example: Magpie flew into the forest. (Subject magpie, predicate flew away)
- One-part (in the syntactic construction there is no subject or predicate, however, the absence of the main member of the sentence does not affect the completeness of the meaning of the construction). Example: I was given an apple. (Predicate gave, the subject is not formally expressed).
Types of one-part sentences
In its turn, All one-part sentences fall into two categories:
- Nominative (naming). The grammatical basis of this kind syntactic constructions consists of only one main member - the subject. Example: Frost and sun! Wonderful day! (A.S. Pushkin).
- Predicative. The grammatical basis of such constructions consists of one predicate. Depending on the grammatical meaning and forms of the main member, predicative sentences are divided into several groups, which can be presented in the following table:
In addition, some philologists distinguish another group of one-component constructions in which only the predicate is formally expressed - infinitive sentences. The predicate in the sentences of this group is expressed by an independent indefinite form of the verb and denotes a necessary or desirable action (according to the grammatical meaning, such an infinitive is close to the imperative mood of the verb).
Example:Need to finish the job. However, students in grades 8-11 should only take this remark into account, since school program does not involve the study of infinitive constructions as a separate category and includes them in the group of impersonal ones.
Single-part definite-personal constructions: meaning and structure
One-part definite-personal sentences reflect the statements of the direct participants in the conversation or the thoughts of the subject. They are used when the most important thing in the design is the action, and not the one who performs it. These sentences are close in their meaning to two-part sentences, since the subject, although not formally expressed, is unambiguously conceived. However, one-piece designs are more concise. Their use gives the statement dynamics, vigor. How to learn to recognize such structures?
Definitely personal sentences can be simple - have a single grammatical basis - or be part of complex ones. Example: I know that in the evening you will go beyond the ring of roads, we will sit in fresh shocks under the neighboring haystack. (S. A. Yesenin)(In that complex sentence three grammatical bases: 1) “I know”, 2) “you will go out”, 3) “we will sit down”. All three parts are single-component constructions with a formal expression of only the predicate. In all parts of the predicate form, possible subjects are precisely determined. Consequently, all three sentences in the complex are one-part definite-personal).
Most often one-part definitely-personal constructions are common- in addition to the main ones, there are also secondary members in their structure. Example: Am I driving down a dark street at night ... ( The predicate is "food". I'm going (when?) - at night (time circumstance). I’m going (where?) - along the street (a circumstance of the place). Along the street (what?) - dark (agreed definition)).
One-part definite-personal constructions: a formal expression
In order to be able to distinguish definitely personal sentences from other types of single-component syntactic constructions, students in grade 8 should be guided by the following rule. The grammatical stem does not have a pronounced subject, but it is implied in exact form(in other words, one of the words can be substituted for the predicate: “I”, “we”, “you”, “you”).
The predicate expressed by the verb, always stands in the indicative or imperative mood, present or future tense, in the 1st or 2nd person, in any number. Attention: the main member of a sentence in a definite personal construction can never be in the past tense, since such a form can imply different subjects.
Definitely personal sentences: examples
Definitely personal sentences are often found in Russian literature. They are especially widely used in poetic forms, because in order to comply with the rhythm and size of the work, the author must choose the most capacious constructions that require fewer words without losing the main idea of the work. Often such syntactic constructions help the author to use many figures of speech: rhetorical appeals and exclamations, parallelisms, series homogeneous members.
Need to bring some examples with definitely-personal sentences, since theoretical knowledge, supported by practical elements, is remembered much faster.
The selected designs are different styles speeches: several examples are taken from texts of fiction, the rest are from everyday speech situations (colloquial style). This suggests that one-part definite-personal sentences are widespread not only in fiction, but also in everyday communication, official papers, because they give the statement an intonation of confidence, create the impression of a conversation, and also help to convey the state of mind of the author. The universality of such structures is obvious, which means that it is necessary to study and understand them. educated person.
One-part sentences - these are sentences whose grammatical basis consists of one main member, and this one main member is enough for a complete verbal expression of thought. Thus, "single-part" does not mean "incomplete".
Main member one-part sentence- a special syntactic phenomenon: it alone constitutes the grammatical basis of the sentence. However, in its meaning and ways of expression, the main member of the majority one-part sentences(except nominal) approaches the predicate, and the main member of nominal sentences - with the subject. Therefore, in school grammar it is customary to divide one-part sentences into two groups: 1) with one main member - the predicate and 2) with one main member - the subject. The first group includes definitely personal, indefinitely personal, generalized personal and impersonal sentences, and the second group includes nominal sentences.
Behind every type one-part sentences(except for generalized-personal ones) their own ways of expressing the main member are fixed.
Definitely personal suggestions
Definitely personal suggestions - these are sentences denoting the actions or states of the direct participants in the speech - the speaker or the interlocutor. Therefore, the predicate (the main member) in them is expressed by the form 1st or 2nd person verbs singular or plural.
The category of a person is in the present and future tenses of the indicative mood and in the imperative mood. Accordingly, the predicate in definite personal offers can be expressed in the following forms: tell, tell, tell, tell, tell, tell, let's tell; go, go, go, go, I will go, you will go, we will go, you will go, go, go, let's go.
For example: No honors, no wealth for distant roads don't ask , but I take the little Arbat courtyard with me, I take it away (B. Okudzhava); I know that in the evening you will go beyond the ring of roads, we will sit in a fresh shock under the neighboring haystack (S. Yesenin); What are you laughing at? You laugh at yourself (N. Gogol); Do not look forward to happy days presented by heaven (B. Okudzhava); Keep proud patience in the depths of Siberian ores (A. Pushkin).
These sentences are very close in their meaning to two-part sentences. Almost always, relevant information can be conveyed in a two-part sentence, including the subject in the sentence. me, you, we or you.
The sufficiency of one main member is due here to the morphological properties of the predicate: the verbal forms of the 1st and 2nd person, with their endings, unambiguously indicate a well-defined person. Subject I, you, we, you turn out to be informatively redundant.
We use one-component sentences more often when it is necessary to pay attention to the action, and not to the person who performs this action.
Indefinitely personal sentences
- these are one-part sentences that denote the action or state of an indefinite person; the actor in the grammatical basis is not named, although it is thought personally, but the emphasis is on the action.
The main member of such proposals is the form 3rd person plural (present and future indicative and imperative) or forms plural(past tense and conditional verbs or adjectives): they say, they will say, they said, let them say, they would say; (im) satisfied; (he) are happy.
For example: They say in the village that she is not at all a relative of him ... (N. Gogol); An elephant was led through the streets ... (I. Krylov); And let them talk, let them talk, but- no, no one dies in vain... (V. Vysotsky); It's nothing that we are poets, if only they would read us and sing (L. Oshanin).
The specific meaning of the figure in indefinite personal sentences in that it actually exists, but is not named in the grammatical basis.
The form of the 3rd person plural of the verb-predicate does not contain information about either the number of figures or the degree of their fame. Therefore, this form can express: 1) a group of persons: The school is actively solving the problem of academic performance; 2) one person: This book was brought to me; 3) both one person and a group of persons: Someone is waiting for me; 4) a person known and unknown: Somewhere far away they scream; I got a 5 on the exam.
Indefinitely personal sentences most often have minor members in their composition, i.e. indefinite sentences are usually widespread.
As part of indefinite personal sentences two groups of secondary members are used: 1) Circumstances of place and time, which usually indirectly characterize the figure: hall sang. In the next class make noise. Often in youth strive someone imitate(A. Fadeev); These distributors usually characterize the figure indirectly, designating the place and time associated with the person's activity. 2) Direct and indirect additions at the beginning of the sentence: Us invited into the room; him here glad; Now hiswill lead here (M. Gorky).
When these minor members are excluded from the composition of the sentence, the sentences are incomplete two-part with a missing subject: In the morning we went to the forest. We stayed in the forest until late in the evening.
Generalized personal offers
Generalized personal offers occupy a special place among single-component sentences. This is explained by generalized personal sentences do not have their own forms, and thus, the main criterion for their selection is a semantic attribute.
The meaning of generalization can be characteristic of sentences of different structures: And what rus sky does not love fast driving (N. Gogol)(two-part sentence); Looking for words cannot be neglected nothing (K. Paustovsky)(impersonal offer); You can't command the heart (proverb)(definitely personal proposal).
Generalized-personal only those sentences are considered that are definitely personal or indefinitely personal in form, but denote actions or states of a generally conceivable person. These are sentences in which observations are formulated related to the generalizing characteristics of certain objects, life phenomena and situations: Take care of honor from a young age (proverb); What do we have- we do not store, having lost- crying (proverb); Chickens are counted in the fall - (proverb); Having removed their heads, they do not cry over their hair (proverb).
The most typical form is the 2nd person singular present or future simple indicative: You surrender involuntarily to the power of the surrounding cheerful nature (N. Nekrasov); ... In a rare girl you will meet such simplicity and natural freedom of sight, word, deed (I. Goncharov); You can’t put a scarf on someone else’s mouth (proverb).
In contrast to the outwardly similar definite-personal sentences with verbs in the form of the 2nd person, in sentences of generalized personal never talks about the specific actions of the interlocutor, the subject of the action is thought in such sentences in a generalized way, like any person.
impersonal proposals
impersonal proposals - These are one-component sentences that talk about an action or state that arises and exists independently of the producer of the action or the carrier of the state. Feature of grammatical meaning impersonal proposals is the meaning of spontaneity, involuntariness of the expressed action or state. It manifests itself in a variety of cases, when it is expressed: action (The boat is carried to the shore); condition of a person or animal (I couldn't sleep; He's cold); condition environment (It gets dark; Pulls with freshness);"the state of affairs" (Bad with shots; Experiments should not be postponed) etc.
The main term can be expressed:
1) shape 3rd person singular impersonal or personal verb: It's dawning!.. Ah, how soon the night has passed / (A. Griboyedov); It smells of spring through the glass (L. May);
2) shape neuter: Happiness covered you with snow, took you centuries ago, trampled you with the boots of soldiers retreating into eternity (G. Ivanov); There was not enough bread even before Christmas (A. Chekhov);
3) word No(in the past tense, it corresponds to the neuter form It was, and in the future - the form of the 3rd person singular - will be): And suddenly consciousness will throw me in response that you, obedient, were not and are not (N. Gumilyov); There is no beast stronger than a cat (I. Krylov);
5) a combination of the word category state(with modal meaning) with infinitive(compound verb predicate): When you know not to laugh, then- then this shaking, painful laughter takes possession of you (A. Kuprin); It's time to get up: it's already seven o'clock (A. Pushkin);
6) short passive neuter participle(composite nominal predicate): Wonderfully arranged in our world! (N. Gogol); At I have not been tidied up!.. (A. Chekhov);
7) infinitive: You will not see such battles (M. Lermontov); Well, how not to please your own little man? (A. Griboyedov); Long sing and ring the blizzard (S. Yesenin)
Name sentences
denominations (nominative) suggestions - these are single-component sentences in which the existence, being of objects or phenomena is affirmed. Grammatical basis nominal proposals consists of only one main member, similar in form to the subject: main member nominal proposals expressed nominative case of a noun(single or with dependent words), for example: Noise, laughter, running around, bows, gallop, mazurka, waltz... (A. Pushkin).
Meaning nominal proposals consists in the assertion of being, the existence of a phenomenon in the present time. That's why nominal sentences cannot be used either in the past or in the future tense, neither in the conditional nor in the imperative mood. In these tenses and moods, they correspond to two-part sentences with a predicate It was or will be: Autumn(name offer). It was autumn; It will be autumn(two-part sentences).
There are three main varieties nominal proposals.
1. Being: Twenty first. Night. Monday. The outlines of the capital in the darkness (A. Akhmatova).
2. Index; they include pointing particles here, here, there, there, there: Here is the place where their house stands; Here is a willow (A. Pushkin); Here is the bridge / (N. Gogol).
3. Estimated existential; they are pronounced with an exclamatory intonation and often include exclamatory particles what, what, well: Siege! Attack! Evil waves, like thieves climb through the windows (A. Pushkin); What a night! Frost is crackling ... (A. Pushkin).
feature nominal proposals is that they are characterized by fragmentation and at the same time a large capacity of the expressed content. They name only individual details of the situation, but the details are important, expressive, designed for the imagination of the listener or reader - such that he can imagine the general picture of the situation or events being described.
Most often nominal sentences are used in descriptive contexts of poetic and prose speech, as well as in remarks of dramatic works: Rocks blackened from sunburn ... Hot sand that burns through the soles (N. Sladkoe); Evening. Seaside. Sighs of the wind. Majestic cry of the waves (K. Balmont); Living room in Serebryakov's house. Three doors: right, left and in the middle.- Day (A. Chekhov).
The lesson on the topic "Definitely personal sentences" introduces us to this type of one-part syntactic constructions. The sentences under consideration always contain a verb in a certain form. During the lesson, the teacher will teach you to distinguish between incomplete two-part sentences and definitely personal ones.
Subject: One-part sentences
Lesson: Definitely Personal Offers
Definitely personal sentences are one of the types of one-part sentences in which the main member of the sentence has a structure and properties similar to the structure and properties of the predicate.
The main member of definite-personal sentences is similar in structure to simple verbal predicate and is expressed by the verb in the form of 1 and 2 persons singular. and many others. number of withdrawals. and command. inclinations.
Verb 1st l. units h. ex. incl. - Again see familiar city.
Verb 2nd l. units h. ex. inc.- Do you remember that autumn evening
Verb 1st l. pl. h. ex. incl. - Let's not forget your kindness.
Verb 2nd l. pl. h. ex. incl. - Come in payroll tomorrow?
Verb 2nd l. units hours command. inc.- think good!
Verb 1st l. pl. hours command. incl. - Let's go to the cinema!
Verb 2nd l. pl. hours command. incl. - Come in to me for sure!
The main members of definitely personal sentences can have a structure not only simple verb, but also compound verb and compound nominal predicate:
When you will study(compound verb) chemistry, you know(simple verb) a lot of interesting things;
You will be counselors(compound nominal) in our camp.
Wherein auxiliary must be in shape 1st or 2nd faces.
Definitely personal sentences report the actions or other signs of a person (that is, a person), while a specific person. This person - depending on the form of the verb - may be the speaker: I love you now, not secretly, for show.
Definitely personal sentences do not always tell us about the actions of a particular person.
They denote the actions of living beings and even inanimate objects, which we kind of “humanize”, treating them in the same way as with people.
Yes, stop yelling! (referring to dog)
Well, do the right thing! (referring to computer)
Information about who exactly is being discussed is already contained in the personal ending of the verb, it is easy for us to understand who we are talking about, therefore, designate the subject by others language means, such as pronouns, optional.
Loved Yu you now, not secretly, for show
(the subject of the action is the speaker, the verb is in 1 l unit of number).
Take eat hand in hand, friends!
(subject of action - speaker and other people, verb in 1l. plural)
Wait for me and I will come back
(the subject of the action is the listener, the verb is in 2 l. units of the number)
Oh give those, give those me freedom!
(subject of action - several listeners, verb in 2 l. plural)
Therefore, despite the absence of a word naming the subject, definitely personal suggestions are informatively sufficient and certainly complete.
The actions of the speaker or listener can be reported in incomplete two-part sentences:
1. I think that 2) I did not make a mistake in it.
The second part of this proposal is incomplete sentence: not mistaken in it.
The verb form in this sentence has no morphological trait person and does not unambiguously indicate the subject of the action (I was not mistaken; you were not mistaken; she was not mistaken - the form of the verb is the same everywhere), but from the context it is clear who it is, therefore, such a construction is incomplete.
2. I think 2) Understand his.
The second part of the sentence is a two-part incomplete.
Definitely personal sentences are one-part sentences that always report the actions of a specific person; always contain a verb in the form of the 1st and 2nd person singular or plural of the indicative or imperative mood.
1. Bagryantseva V.A., Bolycheva E.M., Galaktionova I.V., Zhdanova L.A., Litnevskaya E.I., Stepanova E.B. Russian language.
2. Barkhudarov S.G., Kryuchkov S.E., Maksimov L.Yu., Cheshko L.A. Russian language.
3. Tests. One-part sentences ().
2. Complete academic reference book, edited by V.V. Shovel ().
1. Find the grammatical basis in the sentences of the text.
Know yourself. Understand how your body changes and grows.
Keep your body clean. Wash frequently, brush your teeth and nails.
Make friends. Be good friend yourself, learn to talk to friends and parents and listen to them.
Learn to say no. If you are asked to do something that makes you feel uncomfortable, say no.
2. Find one-part sentences.
The paths of the park were sprinkled with sand every morning.
Cranberries are harvested in late autumn.
Cranberry is a marsh berry.
I would like to talk to you.
Not a soul!
Don't let your soul be lazy!
The soul must work.
And you grab her by the shoulders, teach and torture until dark.
Don't leave, stay with me...
