Poorly sprout tomatoes what to do. How many days do tomatoes grow from sowing to harvest? Pre-soak before sowing

In early March, I sowed tomato seeds, but they never sprouted.

Meanwhile, at the end of winter, I checked the seed for germination, and everything was fine.

Margarita Borisovna NEZAMAYSKAYA

It's in the soil

The death of seeds can occur according to the most different reasons. It is best to start with the soil in which they were sown. If in water, when checking for germination, the seeds showed their viability, then in the future some factors could destroy them. First of all, it may turn out that the soil that was used for sowing was dangerous, as they say, teeming with pathogens that cause disease.

It is for this reason, in an effort to avoid damage to plants at the stage of seeds and immature seedlings, experienced gardeners be sure to disinfect the soil by steaming or, conversely, freezing, as well as treatment with fungicides to suppress the most dangerous microflora - fungi.

Another soil problem is the excessive density and, for this reason, the impermeability of the soil. Moisture does not reach the seeds, which are in great need of it, and even if they sprout, they dry out almost immediately.

You should also know the acidity of the soil. Tomatoes love slightly acidic soil (pH = 6.2-6.8), but with a value less than 5.0 ( hyperacidity) seeds, reacting to unfavourable conditions may not sprout.

The reason for the lack of seedlings is also the excessive depth of sowing. For large-fruited varieties it should be no more than 1 cm, for small-fruited (for example, cherry) - half as much. Otherwise, the sprouts simply will not break through the thickness of the earth, especially if its density is high.

In order to deal with the germination of seeds, you need to carefully dig the soil, reaching one of them, and see what condition it is in. If it is swollen and is about to release a sprout, then all is not lost.

Basic Rules

In any case, you must follow simple rules, the observance of which will help to grow healthy seedlings tomatoes.

1. Make sure the soil is light.

2. Sow the seeds to a depth of 0.5-1 cm, cover them with a moist soil mixture in a layer of 1.5-2 cm and cover the box with foil.

3. Water as the soil dries up with water room temperature, settled for 1.5-2 hours.

4. Maintain the temperature for seed germination within 22-25 degrees, and humidity - 80-90%. Do not place boxes with crops on the battery and next to the glass of a cold window.

Conditions of detention

Compliance with the temperature and humidity conditions is equally important. Until the seeds germinate, it is necessary to maintain a constant temperature of about 23 degrees both day and night, the box should be stretched polyethylene film. After 5-6 days, when the first shoots appear, the film is removed, and it is better to do this early in the morning or in the afternoon to avoid excessive evaporation at noon.

But it often happens that the box in which the seeds are sown is placed on cold windowsill and water the soil abundantly. As a result, the seeds rot. The opposite situation can also happen: the seedling box is placed on heating battery. This leads to the fact that the soil dries up, and the newly hatched seeds die in it. In this case, a low temperature is preferable: with moderate humidity, the seeds will still germinate, although this will take longer.

Agronomist Dmitry Petrovich MEZIN, Bryansk, answered the reader's question

Often, if the seedlings do not sprout, frustrated gardeners attribute everything to the poor quality of the seeds. In some cases this is true, but there are other reasons as well.

Infection

The seeds can carry infections. If they have not been disinfected at home or by the manufacturer, they may die during germination. Also, the infection may be in the ground, so the ground, especially taken from the garden, must be steamed or frozen.

toxins

The soil may contain toxins, which will destroy the seedlings. Therefore, I recommend that you never use the land that was taken in the city, as well as from the bottom of dried-up lakes and ponds, for growing seedlings.

Overfed

Soil overloaded with nutrients, combined with a lack of moisture, can cause seed death. For germination, the seed is enough of those substances that it contains.

Density and acidity of the soil

If the soil is dense, water does not seep through it well - the seeds receive less oxygen and begin to rot. Therefore, you need to add baking powder (perlite, vermiculite) to the soil.

Excessive acidity also leads to the death of seeds. If you are not sure about the quality of the garden soil, then a month before sowing, for every 10 liters of soil, add 2 tbsp. dolomite flour.

deep seeding

Too deeply sown seeds germinate for a long time, their sprouts are weak and painful.

Not sure how deep to sow your seeds? Take advantage simple rule. Small seeds should be sown to a depth of 2.5-3 times their thickness. Large ones - to a depth 4-6 times greater than their thickness.

Below are other entries on the topic "Cottage and garden - with your own hands"

: How to grow tomatoes in a seedless way ...

In order to correctly calculate the timing of planting grown seedlings in the ground, it is necessary to take into account the period from the moment of sowing to the emergence of seedlings. The germination time depends on the quality and degree of preparation of planting material, on the observance of sowing agrotechnics. Let's figure out how many days after sowing tomato seeds germinate, and what factors negatively affect their germination.

The longest germination times are observed when sowing dry tomato seeds - 10 - 20 days. Vegetable growers cannot afford to wait so long for seedlings, because in the case of sowing poor-quality material, you can completely be left without a crop. Therefore, planting material is prepared in order to shorten the period to the first shoots, and the seeds are also checked for viability.

But first you need to decide on the variety of tomatoes, especially for beginners who do not yet have experience in growing seedlings. Beginning vegetable growers usually buy seeds in specialized stores. What should you pay attention to? First of all, for expiration dates. Seeds must not be expired. Next, you need to look at the duration of storage indicated by the manufacturer.

If the package indicates a period of one year, then the tomato seeds will sprout on the fourth or fifth day. If the shelf life is three years, then germination will last up to seven, and in some cases up to ten days.

When choosing planting material, give preference to zoned varieties that are commonly grown in your area. It is difficult for beginners to grow rare varieties that require special agricultural practices.

Seed preparation speeds up germination

Soaking and germination of seed material accelerates the germination of tomatoes, but at the beginning calibration is performed - the selection of viable grains.

Seed selection

For purchased seeds, it is enough to spend visual inspection and remove broken or empty seeds. As a rule, seeds from the manufacturer, especially expensive hybrid varieties do not require additional manipulations. But self-harvested grains need to be checked with a saline solution.

Salt is dissolved in water in a ratio of 1:10, seeds are dipped into it and wait 10 - 20 minutes. Floated seeds are discarded, they are usually empty and will not germinate. Those that sink to the bottom are left as material suitable for planting. The grains are filtered into gauze and washed running water room temperature, freeing them from salt residues.

seed germination

Soak the tomato seeds until tiny roots appear, after which they are sown in boxes for seedlings. To germinate, the grain is laid out in a shallow container on a cotton cloth, it is important to ensure that the material is always in a moist state.

Before germination, the seed material is treated with potassium permanganate, a solution of brilliant green or an infusion of garlic with aloe. You can use the biological product "Fitosporin M", which has complex action and relieve fungal infections, and also play the role of a growth activator.

Also, before germination, tomato seeds are soaked in solutions complex fertilizers for enrichment with nutrients and oxygen. This procedure is called bubbling. After pickling and bubbling, the seeds are hardened.

True, seed hardening is not a very common procedure for vegetable growers; many prefer to harden seedlings before planting. Often, tomato seeds germinate during hardening and bubbling, in which case germination is no longer required, and the grains are immediately planted in a seedling container.

On a note! Soaking seeds speeds up germination compared to dry sowing by about 7 to 12 days.

Proper planting and care is the key to rapid germination

In order for tomato seeds to sprout quickly, you need to follow some planting rules and further care, which include:

Soil preparation.
Observance of depth of placement of seeds.
Maintain soil moisture.
Ensuring optimal temperature for germination.

Soil preparation

Tomatoes do not germinate well in heavy soils, and in too light soils they develop and grow poorly. So that tomato seeds sprout quickly, and there is enough for future shoots nutrients for vegetation, it is advisable to prepare the soil for seedlings yourself.

To do this, in the fall, sand, humus (or vegetable compost), peat and garden soil are harvested in equal proportions. Before planting, the prepared soil mixture is disinfected, if necessary, fertilizers are applied, heated and moistened.

About soil and air temperature

The optimum temperature for germination is +25 degrees. To ensure such a temperature, seedling containers in an apartment are placed closer to the sources. central heating or placed in kitchens near stoves.

If the seeds are sown for seedlings immediately in greenhouses, the room is heated in advance, and the soil is warmed up by introducing organic matter, which, when decomposed, gives off heat. The day before sowing, the beds in the greenhouse are poured with boiling water and covered with a film. In an apartment, you can warm up the soil on a battery by placing containers with sown tomatoes on it.

Don't forget to change temperature regime with the appearance of the first seedlings. The optimal content of seedlings will be at +21 - + 23 ° C during the day + 16 - + 18 ° C at night.

planting depth

One of the most common mistakes when sowing seedlings of tomato seeds is to plant them too deep into the soil. In order for tomato seeds to sprout quickly and amicably, they should be planted to a depth of 1 centimeter.

Sowing is carried out in furrows with a distance between grains of 2–3 cm, between rows of 5–7 cm. The furrows are covered with soil and loosely tamped.

Humidity

Until the seeds germinate, it is necessary to keep the soil mixture constantly moistened. The earth should not dry out, otherwise weak seedlings will not be able to break through to the light. Since containers with tomatoes until germination contain high temperatures, drying out of the soil is a common phenomenon.

To avoid this, containers are covered with glass, translucent film or plastic caps cut from bottles. A greenhouse-like microclimate is created inside the container, with high humidity and a stable temperature.

Once a day, caps (film, glass) are removed for ventilation, the soil is moistened if necessary with a manual sprayer.

Why tomatoes do not sprout - results

Summing up, we list possible reasons low germination and long germination of tomato seeds:

expired planting material;
dry sowing - without preliminary soaking and germination of grains;
too heavy soil mixture - often found among purchased soils, where the main
the ingredient is peat;
non-compliance with the temperature regime after landing;
lack of moisture and drying of the soil;
too deep embedding of seeds.

Experienced vegetable growers consider the stage of growing seedlings the most responsible. The quality of vegetation and fruiting depends on the seedlings. Properly prepare tomato seeds for planting and follow the seedling growing technology to get friendly shoots in the shortest possible time.

Before you start growing, they ask themselves the question: the need to germinate seeds before planting.

Proper preparation of seedlings will ensure a fertile harvest, tasty fruits, and also eliminate possible diseases.

There are a number of factors that can lead to the death of planting material before it germinates:

infection on the seeds themselves;
soil infection;
increased density of the soil and its oversaturation with salts;
deep sowing;
excessive moisture;
dangerous.

In order to avoid such problems, it is better to prepare the seeds in a special way, providing them with more stable immunity. Germination plays an important role in this.

Important! If seeds are properly germinated before sowing, yields can increase by up to 30 percent.

And this is not an exaggeration, especially if you sow directly into the ground when there is a danger of harm. In this case, the germinated seedlings germinate much faster, and the pests do not have time to attack the unaccepted material.

What you need to know about choosing seeds

Before you start preparing seeds for planting, they need to be selected correctly. There are a few things to keep in mind when buying seedlings:

climatic conditions(may differ in cultivation in certain regions);
manufacturer (imported varieties may not take root in our weather conditions);
best before date;
sign F1 (means resistance to diseases and productivity);
purpose of seeds (for greenhouse conditions or vegetable garden)
early or late varieties(depending on harvest time).

Sample

Seeds are placed in a transparent container with impregnation and put in a warm place for a day. After processing, dry them thoroughly enough and proceed to the next step.

seed soaking

Before germinating tomatoes from seeds, it is advisable to soak them. For this purpose, take glass jar or plastic box with warm water. Seedlings are wrapped in gauze and placed in a container. Water should not completely cover the grains (preferably half).

It takes 12 hours for the whole process. In this case, the water should be changed 3 times.

Gauze with seeds also periodically needs to be taken out of the water so that they can breathe oxygen.

Soaking smoothly turns into the germination of future tomatoes. This promotes plant growth and guarantees an earlier harvest. For this procedure, the seeds are laid out on a plate covered with moistened gauze or soft, damp paper.

Important! During germination, the room should be warm (about +20 degrees).

When doing this, it is important to maintain balance and ensure that the fabric does not dry out and is not too wet.

Before germinating tomatoes from seeds, it is advisable to harden them. Since tomatoes are a heat-loving crop, hardening will help them adapt more easily to adverse weather conditions. Seedlings from such prepared seeds cope better with temperature changes, and tomatoes develop much faster. Bushes obtained from hardened seeds bloom earlier and yield 40-50% more.

The principle of this procedure is that seedlings are exposed to different temperatures. First, the germinated seeds are placed in the refrigerator and kept there for 12 hours. The temperature is not higher than +2 degrees. After that, for 12 hours, the grains are heated at +20 degrees.

Did you know? In some countries, a tomato is called an apple. The French called it the "apple of love", and the Germans called it the "apple of paradise".

It is enough to carry out the procedure 2-3 times for a tangible effect.

How to germinate tomato seeds for seedlings in toilet paper

The method of germinating tomatoes from seeds can be safely attributed to modern know-how. The positives are there:

the ability to avoid seeds;
minimum required space;
the ability to determine the strongest sprouts.

There are several options for such germination with their positive and negative points.
1st way. FROM . This is the simplest and fast option. The bottle must be cut lengthwise and put paper moistened with water on the bottom. Distribute seedlings on it. Cover the bottle plastic bag, creating a likeness . And be sure to make holes in it for oxygen to enter. The container is best placed in the sun.

This method clearly demonstrates how you can germinate tomatoes from seeds in toilet paper fast and easy. The method is very convenient in that it does not require watering, since a greenhouse effect is formed in an enclosed space. Sprouts should appear on the third day.

2nd way. With oilcloth. Oilcloth should be cut into strips 10 cm wide, soaked paper should be laid on them. Spread the grains on top at a distance of about 4 cm from each other. In the next layer, repeat the paper and oilcloth. Carefully roll the entire “construction” into a roll and tie it with an elastic band. All bundles should be placed in a container with water (about two fingers from the bottom) and, as in the first option, covered with a bag. 3rd way. With laminate lining. This option is similar to the previous one, only a more porous laminate lining is used. In the same way, "rolls" are knitted and placed in the water. As soon as the tomatoes germinate, they are planted in the ground.

Germination period of tomato seeds

The answer to the question, after how many days do tomato seeds sprout, worries many beginners. This is not surprising, since knowing this information, you can clearly set the time when you need to sow seedlings.

Tomato seedlings have almost the same germination period. Dry grains when planting in open ground will sprout no earlier than 10 days later.

You can speed up this process if you give the material a special treatment with soaking, changing temperatures, and so on. In this case, the seeds will hatch in 5±1 or 7±1 days, depending on the variety and quality. But at the same time, the temperature must be maintained at a level not lower than +20 degrees. In cold air, the germination period will be delayed for several days.

Important! Pay attention to planting depth. The deeper the seed is in the ground, the longer it will take to reach the light.

Planting dates for tomato seeds

To seedlings of tomatoes at home gave bountiful harvest, it is important to choose the right period when it is favorable to sow seeds. In this matter, will come to the rescue. Suitable for growing vegetables for seedlings are the days when the young moon is under the influence of signs that favor fertility, namely: Cancer, Libra, Scorpio, Pisces or Aries.

If for some reason it was not possible to plant tomatoes these days, in lunar calendar there are still conditionally favorable days on which you can also sow.

Before planting the seeds in open ground, for a start they are placed at home in containers with earth. Only one seed is dipped into each cup to a depth of about 1 centimeter and watered periodically.

It is better to plant already sprouted seedlings, which, after soaking, sprouts appear after 5-7 days. After that, they are transferred to containers with soil.
Further care requires timely until the transplant to the greenhouse or garden.

Planting should be carried out very carefully so as not to damage the roots of the seedlings. At the same time, it is very important to observe the temperature regime and ventilate in time to avoid the appearance of a black leg.

If you follow these rules, the appearance of sprouts will not be long in coming.

Landing in the soil

When planting tomatoes in a greenhouse or open ground, you need to focus on climatic conditions and the area where they will grow. If we take into account the generally accepted terms, then it is customary to plant seedlings in the first half of March (until the 15th), under a film in open ground - in the second part of March - early April. Tomatoes are planted in open ground, as a rule, already in June.

Cut off a couple before planting. lower leaves so that they can be deepened a little. Seedlings need to be pulled out of the pot and, together with the clod of earth in which it grew, transferred to the hole. Previously, the earth in the recess must be fertilized. One tablespoon of special ones is enough, for example, Signor Tomato.
It is necessary to deepen the stem into the ground by 10-15 cm. Before filling the hole, put it on its side and water it abundantly several times. Water must penetrate deep into the soil so that the roots of the tomatoes tend to follow it. Then the pit is sprinkled with earth, and the seedlings lie for some time so that the stem does not sink deep into the cold soil.

After sprinkling with earth, the plant to the peg. Watering from above is no longer necessary to avoid crusting.

After that, it remains only for them to feed on time and wait for the harvest.

What to do if tomato seeds do not germinate

It is not uncommon for sown grains to remain in the ground without germinating. This is a call to pay attention to possible mistakes made during sowing.

What could delay the germination of seedlings and how to fix it.
Low temperature for sprouts to appear. At optimum temperature+21 degrees, an error of a few degrees prevents the seeds from breaking through. This can be corrected by creating favorable temperature conditions.
High humidity earth. In wet soil, planting material can suffocate from a lack of oxygen. In this case, it is worth giving Special attention quality earth mixture and reduce watering
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You can recommend the article to your friends!

200 times already
helped

In order to get a rich harvest of tomatoes, it is required to exercise utmost care and foresight at the initial stage of working with seed, because tomato seeds should be sown prepared. To do this, carry out some manipulations that can have a beneficial effect on germination. Knowing exactly how long the first seeds will hatch, one can expect the first sprouts to germinate into the light. If it so happens that the seeds do not germinate for a long period, then immediate measures must be taken in order to save or correct the situation and not be left without a tomato crop this season.

Seed preparation to speed up germination

Important! In the case of competent germination of seed material, the yield can increase by 30%, so a lot of work should be done before planting the plants. Many things are incomprehensible to most novice gardeners and they have questions: how many days do tomato seeds sprout, when to plant them, how long to wait for the seed to germinate, and many others. Having accurate information about the timing of germination of tomato seeds, it is much easier to determine the period of plant germination, as well as to get an understanding of what time the tomatoes are planted in open ground with seeds or seedlings.

Seed preparation begins in the last month of winter. The first thing to do is to carefully study their external qualities. The rule here is: more is better. Large seeds are endowed with a colossal amount of useful minerals, and subsequently juicy, fleshy tomatoes can be germinated from them.

In order to select the seeds of the highest quality, it is necessary to place them in a pre-prepared solution, which is made from salt and allowed to infuse for ten minutes. The seed that rises to the surface will be considered unsuitable, and the seeds that have sunk to the very bottom will need to be dried and stored for further processing.

tomato seeds

There are several tricks that will help you make sure on which day the tomatoes sprout after sowing:

seeds are harvested first. Novice gardeners are not recommended to give preference to the cultivation of rare and capricious varieties that require non-trivial care and specific conditions. The wisest thing is to opt for unpretentious tomatoes, which will be the least capricious. It should be given importance to how many days the tomatoes sprout, and in what period of time they were produced. After all, how many tomato seeds germinate through is significantly affected by the present period of their existence. For example, three-year-old seeds will not be able to sprout earlier than one week, and the same tomatoes produced a year ago will show their seedlings already a few days after planting;
so that young seedlings by the time of planting on permanent place growth has reached the desired height, it is required to imagine how long tomato seeds germinate in glasses;
seeds of varietal tomatoes have identical germination, depending on the conditions of planting seeds. For example, in the event that planting is carried out in the ground in an open area, then germination will be equated to ten days. However, if organized optimal conditions for planting materials, then the germination time can be reduced to a minimum;
the germination period of tomato seeds mainly depends on the variety and quality seed. As a rule, the appearance of the first sprouts should be expected on the 5th or 7th day after sowing. For achievement maximum effect it is required to observe the air-thermal regime, reaching about 25 degrees;
sowing depth affects the number of days the seeds will germinate. Small seeds require moderate lighting to germinate. That is why they are hardly sprinkled with soil on top.

Proper planting and care is a key to success

It is best to soak the seeds before germinating. For this purpose, you will need to take a vessel made of glass, or a plastic box with warm water. The seed is wrapped in gauze and dipped into a vessel with liquid, which should not completely cover the grains. The whole process from start to finish will take 12 hours, while the water needs to be changed about three times. Gauze with seeds also needs to be removed from the water from time to time in order for the grains to be saturated with oxygen.

Soaking slowly flows into the germination of future tomatoes. It favors good growth and can provide guarantees for more early harvest. For this procedure, the seeds must be laid out on a plate with gauze or a damp cloth, keeping balance and making sure that the fabric does not dry out, but is not excessively wet.

Growing tomatoes

Additional Information! Before the germination procedure, tomato seeds should be hardened, since the tomato is a very heat-loving crop.

Hardening can provide the easiest adaptation to adverse environmental factors. Seedlings from such seed material are more successful in combating temperature extremes, and plant development is many times faster. Bushes grown from "hardened" seeds begin to bloom earlier and give a richer harvest. The principle of the procedure lies in the fact that the seedlings are affected by varying temperatures. First, the germinated sprouts are transferred to the refrigerator with an exposure of up to 12 hours and a temperature not higher than 2 degrees. The next step is the heating of the grains at 20 degrees for the same time.

There are various factors that can lead to the death of the seed even before its seedlings:

infectious diseases on the seeds themselves;
soil infection;
high density of the soil and its oversaturation with salts;
deep sowing;
strong hydration;
dangerous diseases and pest attacks.

To get rid of and prevent such problems, the seeds are prepared in a special way, equipping it with stable immunity.

Note! Purchased seeds (especially factory-made) are usually already ready for planting. Most manufacturers pre-treat the seeds with antiseptics and supply useful substances. It is not necessary to prepare such material for planting.

Before planting seeds in open ground, they must first be placed at home in containers with soil. Only one seed should be dipped into the vessel to a depth of about 1 cm and watered from time to time. It is best to plant already germinated tomato seedlings that are able to sprout already on the fifth day. After that, they are moved to containers with earth.

Further, plants need timely and regular watering until transplanted to a greenhouse, greenhouse or open area. The disembarkation must be carried out very carefully in order to root system was not damaged. In this case, it is necessary to observe the temperature regime, and from time to time open the greenhouse in order to avoid the appearance of a black leg. If the proper rules are followed, the sprouts will not be long in coming.

Tomato seedlings on the windowsill

When transplanting tomatoes into a greenhouse or open ground, it is necessary to pay attention to the climatic conditions of the area where they will grow. If you adhere to the generally accepted terms, then you need to plant seedlings in greenhouses in the first half of March, and in a greenhouse - in the second part of March or early April, in open ground - in June.

Before planting from a bush, it is required to cut off a couple of lower leaves so that the plant can be rooted deeper in the ground. The seedlings are taken out of the pot together with the clod of earth in which they grew in order to be moved to the hole. Pre-soil in the hole should be supplied with fertilizers. It is necessary to deepen the bushes into the ground by 10-15 cm. Until the hole is covered with earth, it is lowered to one side and very moistened. Water must seep as deep into the soil as possible so that the root system can feel it. Subsequently, the hole is sprinkled with soil while the seedlings are still lying so that the stalk does not go deep into the cold ground.

After sprinkling, the plants are tied to a peg. To preserve moisture, planted tomatoes should be mulched with peat. After that, you only need to water, feed from time to time and wait for the harvest.

Reasons why seeds germinate poorly

Often there are cases when the sown grains remain in the soil without sprouts. This is a signal to focus on the likely mistakes that were made during sowing:

low temperature for the emergence of sprouts. At a moderate temperature of +21 degrees, an error of even a couple of degrees can already affect germination. You can correct the situation by creating a favorable environment for plants;
high soil moisture. In wet soil, seed can die due to lack of oxygen. In this case, it is necessary to pay due attention to the quality of the earthen substrate, as well as significantly reduce watering;
excessive planting depth. In this scenario, it will be extremely difficult for seedlings to break through to the surface, and they begin to die. The optimal depth is considered to be approximately 1.5 cm. Watering is required before sowing, and not after it, so that the seeds do not go deep into the soil.

Seeds germinate poorly

If it so happened that tomato seedlings grow very poorly, then this can happen for several reasons:

poor quality soil;
improper care of seedlings.

One of the primary reasons for the poor growth of tomatoes may be that poor quality soil was chosen for planting the seeds. However, this does not mean that the land needs to be rapidly replaced. It is enough just to carefully monitor the changes that occur with tomatoes during growth. So if the tomatoes turn bluish colors, and the lower edges of the leaves are slightly purple, then most likely the soil suffers from a lack of magnesium.

With a well-executed procedure for planting tomato seed material for seedlings, followed by timely planting in open ground or a greenhouse and proper care, you can achieve excellent success and get a high-quality and rich harvest.