How to grow green onions on the windowsill, which varieties are better to plant at home. How to grow green onions on a windowsill in winter

In continuation of our topic about business in the countryside, we decided to consider growing onions as a business. It turned out that in this simple lesson you can earn a decent amount. So, if you decide to make money on your own business, we offer you the option of growing onion crops.

Growing onions as a business: what to grow and how?

For the purpose of sale, you can grow different onions: onions or feathers. And each of these species has its own characteristics in cultivation, sale, circulation. All this affects the business, its expenses and income. To show a clear example with specific numbers, we took the most common and unpretentious onion, the onion, as the basis of our article.
Onions are grown in warm conditions. It will take about 4 months for it to fully mature. During this time, young feathers can be cut from it and sold, and after the expiration of the term, the root crops themselves can be put up for sale.

Grow onion easier from purchased sevka - these are already formed young bulbs, which in 1 week will already let the first shoots to the surface. The average purchase price of onion sets is 100 rubles per 1 kg. For such a business, you will need at least 200 kg, it will cost 20,000 rubles.

What else is needed to grow onions?

Of course, land is required. Onions should be planted at the rate of 200 g of sevka per 1 m2. That is, for our 200 kg, you will need 1000m2, or 10 acres of land.
In a business like growing onions, in addition to the “embryos” themselves, fertilizers will be required. By itself, the onion culture is unpretentious, but fertilizers are also indispensable. Here's what we'll need:
Superphosphate (30g per m2)
Potassium chloride (17g per m2)
Nitrogen fertilizers (8gr per m2)
Phosphorus fertilizer (10g per m2)
Potash fertilizers (10g per m2)
On average, for each m2 the price of all the above fertilizers together will be about 15 rubles. And for fertilizing the entire plot for 1000m2 - 15,000 rubles.

Summarizing all costs

Given the above information, to grow onions on 10 acres of land, we need:
Onion sets, 200 kg - 20,000 rubles.
Fertilizers - 15,000 rubles
Total: 35,000 rubles

Profit from the sale of onions

From a planted set, a full-fledged onion grows in 4 months on average. The yield is about 7 kg per m2, that is, from ten acres after 4 months we will collect 7 tons. The average selling price of onions is 20 rubles per 1 kg. It turns out that the sale of 7 tons at a retail price will bring us an income of 140,000 rubles.
Do not forget about a secondary method of making a profit - the sale of green onion feathers. In our case, in 4 months from 1 m2 you can get 0.5 kg of greenery, and from the entire site - 500 kg. At a price of 150 rubles per 1 kg, you can get 75,000 rubles from the entire green crop.

We get that the income for 4 months from 10 acres is 215,000 rubles, and the net profit is 190,000 rubles.
It is much easier for residents of warm regions to do such a business, but also for those living in middle lane do not despair. By increasing the volumes in our scheme, you can secure a profit for yourself in one summer, which is enough for a whole year.

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In winter, you will not surprise anyone with jars of onions on the windowsills in apartments. In a season when there is so little sun, fresh greenery on the windows is pleasing to the eye. And finely chopped green onion makes dishes attractive and spicy.

Green onions have been cultivated as an agricultural crop since the fourth millennium BC. During this period, all possible ways of its cultivation have been studied. It has been known since school that it is very easy to get a crop at home.

On a note! If you act traditional methods, then you can get a crop of green onions at home either by planting the bulbs in the ground or in a container of water.

Each of these methods has its pros and cons. But the hostess has her own secret to get better harvest. This has spawned many unusual new ways.

1. It contains a large amount of vitamins. The composition includes vitamins A, B, PP. It is especially worth noting the presence of important vitamin C, which enhances the protective functions of the body during the cold period, which helps to effectively fight viral diseases.
2. Green onions also include the elements necessary for human life. These include potassium, magnesium, nitrogen, iron, phosphorus, calcium, zinc. Phosphorus and calcium are needed to maintain normal bones and teeth. The heart needs potassium, which helps the normal functioning of the myocardium. Zinc is useful for restoring immunity. It also helps to strengthen nails and hair, maintaining their beauty.
3. It also contains quercetin. It prevents the development of tumor diseases and is an antioxidant, that is, it fights the aging process of the body.
4. Finally, onions produce chlorophyll, the beneficial properties of which are to participate in the formation of blood. Another one useful feature chlorophyll is to counteract harmful bacteria.

Ways to grow on a windowsill

1. Hydroponics- this mysterious term is called the ordinary and familiar to everyone cultivation of green onion feathers from an onion in a container with water.
2. An alternative to growing in water is planting bulbs in a container with soil. This method is more complicated, but the harvest will turn out to be more solid and with better nutritional properties.
3. A new variation of the previous method, invented by resourceful housewives, is the so-called onion cactus. It is a five liter plastic bottle in which the bulbs are laid between the layers of soil. Feathers of greenery grow out of pre-made holes on the sides of the jar.
4. Turning a window sill into a green onion growing conveyor will help hydroponic setup. It helps to accelerate growth, and due to this, increase yields.

Rules for growing green onions in water

To get green onion arrows in winter, it is not at all necessary to prepare pots or boxes of earth. Most often, they do it easier, using a simple jar of water as a container for the bulb. In addition to the obvious advantage of the method, which lies in its simplicity, there is another plus - the absence of dirt on the windowsill.

Cooking bulbs

To get good green onion shooters, you will need to select bulbs that do not have damage. Slightly smaller than medium-sized heads, about 4 cm in diameter in cross section, are best suited. The tops of the bulbs must be cut off so that they do not interfere with young sprouts breaking through. Then the heads are placed in heated water or a solution of potassium permanganate. Ash can be used instead of potassium permanganate. After 20 minutes, they are transferred to cool water. Before planting the bulbs, they remove the husk from them.

Preparing for planting - trimming the top

Tanks for growing in water

The most suitable containers for these purposes are all kinds of jars, cups or bottles. The main requirement is a neck of sufficient width to hold the bulb. The container is filled with water to the top so that the bottom of the bulb is slightly immersed in it (water). It is not recommended to sink the bulb strongly in water in order to avoid rotting of the lower part. Until the roots appear, you will have to ensure that the bottom of the head touches the water, and top up if necessary.

Not only glass containers are suitable for sprouting onions. You can use transparent food containers. They must be covered on top with a piece of cardboard of sufficient density to support the weight of the bulbs. In this cardboard, you will need to make holes for the onion heads. The container is also filled with water, and bulbs are planted in a cardboard box. In this case, the same rule is observed for the shallow immersion of the bulb in water, as when landing in a jar.

On a note! In addition, it is possible to adapt bow arrows for forcing a simple plate. Its bottom should be filled with water. The bulbs are placed tightly and vertically so that adjacent heads serve as a support for them. It is advisable not to allow the onion to be drowned in water by more than 25%.

When growing green onions in this way, it can take almost half a month from planting to getting long feathers. To speed up the process, you can add top dressing from minerals to the water.

Amount of fertilizer per liter of water

1. Two teaspoons of a complex of minerals.
2. Superphosphate: 2 g, ammonium nitrate: 1.5 g, potassium chloride: 1.5 g.
3. Wood ash: 5 g.

Important! Top dressing should be added when the roots begin to grow and green sprouts appear.

To harvest green onions from a can of water, it is recommended to follow simple principles:

• the container in which the arrows will be grown must be pre-treated with a weak composition of potassium permanganate;
• you need to moisten only the very bottom of the onion head, avoiding deep immersion in water in order to avoid rotting;
• until roots appear, it is advisable to place containers with onions for forcing greens away from heat sources;
• during the same period, water should be renewed 2 times a day. After the arrows begin to grow, this action must be performed only 1 time per day. If top dressing is introduced into the water, then the first one should be replaced no more than 1 time in 7 days;
• it is advisable to periodically rinse the roots under running water. The container also needs to be washed when changing moisture;
• you can prevent onion rotting if you take it out of the water from time to time and leave it in the air for 3 hours;
• in order to always have fresh onion shoots on the table, you need to put new bulbs for sprouting on the windowsill every 14 days.

Rules for growing green onions in the ground

For the forcing of onion arrows with the placement of planting material in the ground, the following measures are required:

• selection of suitable onion heads;
• preparation of containers for growing - all kinds of containers and boxes, the height of which is more than 7 cm;
• planting onion sets in the soil with which the container is filled;
• placing the container on the windowsill.

Landing in the ground

The method of germinating onion feathers in a container with soil differs from the simple method with planting in water.

Lighting and temperature

green onions love Sun rays but can't stand the heat. Onion seedlings will feel best on well-lit windowsills when the windows face south, southeast or southwest.

Important! If it is not possible to put containers on sunny side, then above them it is recommended to install for additional light.

The success of growing green onions also depends on the temperature in the room. It is not recommended to install seedlings in a hot room, the air in which is heated above + 20 ° C.

Watering and fertilizing

Running water is suitable for watering the bulbs room temperature. Water must first be defended. Water enough once every 48 hours, avoiding flooding the roots. Excess moisture can lead to rotting of the root system. It is undesirable for the plant and the drying of the soil.

Onion seedlings do not need fertilizer. But a little top dressing can still improve the development of green sprouts. To do this, seedlings are watered with a solution of 5 g of ash per liter of water.

There is no need to hurry with the collection of the first green sprouts. Otherwise, the development of the plant may slow down. For the first time, it is advisable to cut the onion feathers no earlier than after 3 weeks. The arrows in the middle do not need to be touched. Green onion crops begin to be harvested by cutting off the side feathers.

Constant harvesting of green onions throughout the winter will ensure that new batches of seedlings are planted in separate containers every 2 weeks. The arrows of the bow will grow evenly if each side of the container is exposed to the light in turn.

Step-by-step instructions for growing "onion cactus"

New original way distillation of onion greens is an invention of resourceful housewives. It allows you to free up space on the windowsill for other needs, as well as decorate the interior of the kitchen with the help of such an “exotic”.

You will need bulbs, a five-liter plastic bottle, a sharp tool for cutting holes, and an all-purpose primer.

Table. Walkthrough by landing.

Steps, photo	Description of actions
	A plastic bottle and a tool for cutting circles are taken (here is a heated self-tapping screw that must be held with pliers).
	3 cm round holes are cut into the container.
	The first layer of soil is poured into the container up to the holes. The bulbs are laid so that their tops go out into the holes, and the roots go deep into the jar.
	A new layer of soil is sprinkled on top. Steps 3 and 4 are repeated until full.
	Several onion seedlings are planted vertically on the surface.

The bulb arrangement should be placed on a well-lit window sill. In order for the arrows of greenery to grow evenly, it is recommended to periodically expose different sides of the container to the sun. The rules for watering and fertilizing should be the same as in the general case of planting bulbs in the ground. It is only necessary to ensure that the soil does not erode.

hydroponic setup

For those who like to feast on a green onion in winter from the garden on the windowsill, special devices have been invented. They operate on a hydroponic principle.

The box is filled with water, onions are seated in the holes from above so that their lower surface almost does not come into contact with water. A special compressor forms a suspension of moisture inside the container. Thus, the possibility of root rot is excluded. It is noticed that with this method, the arrows of the bow grow much faster.

Video - Growing green onions in a bag

Green onions organically complement the taste of many dishes, giving it fresh spring notes and at the same time saturating food with various vitamins. This product is in demand all year round, however, you can find it on the shelves in abundance only in summer, when farmers and villagers harvest from open ground.

Considering the cultivation of onions as a business, you can see that this type of activity is not only profitable, but also accessible to beginners: agricultural technology is a set of simple and understandable operations, and the culture itself does not require complex care and the creation of special microclimatic conditions. Therefore, even novice entrepreneurs who follow the recommendations can plant several beds and get good harvest with minimal labor.

Business Features

The technology of growing onions on a feather at home is known to every housewife: in the spring, on the windowsills of many houses and apartments, you can see jars and glasses filled with onions filled with water. However, such primitive hydroponic installations can hardly be called productive: the resulting crop is not enough even to meet personal needs. Therefore, in business we are talking about a slightly different scale: in summer, onions are massively cultivated in beds directly in open ground, and in winter, heated and unheated greenhouse complexes are used for these purposes.

If there is land summer version seems to be the simplest, since only planting material, water and fertilizers are needed to grow onions for sale. However, in the warm season, the farmer competes with numerous summer residents and rural residents, who massively fill the markets with their goods. As a result, supply exceeds demand by many times, the price decreases, and the timely sale of perishable products is in jeopardy.

The situation looks somewhat different in the off-season and in winter: there are no green onions on the market in principle, and a few suppliers cannot cope with the demands of shops and supermarkets. As a result, the price of fresh feathers increases four to five times, which fully compensates for the huge costs of maintaining greenhouse complexes. Moreover, cultivation of feather onions in a greenhouse in winter under controlled conditions leads to a 30-50% increase in crop productivity and allows harvesting every 35-45 days.

Given the above, we can highlight the main advantages and disadvantages of the business idea of ​​growing onions. The first are the following factors:

• Even in winter time the profitability of the enterprise exceeds 150%;
• There are special varieties that can be cultivated all year round;
• Greens are constantly in high demand among buyers;
• A business can be started on a personal plot in a small greenhouse;
• The technology of growing green onions in greenhouses is accessible and understandable for beginners;
• A huge sales market allows you to quickly find buyers without significant marketing costs.

Listing the main disadvantages of the business, it should be noted that:

• The cost of an industrial greenhouse complex exceeds the capabilities of many start-up entrepreneurs;
• Market price fluctuations can be unpredictable;
• Products are characterized by a short shelf life;
• At the beginning of summer, the level of competition exceeds reasonable limits.

Varieties for cultivation

The construction and maintenance of winter greenhouses is expensive for the entrepreneur. Therefore, considering the cultivation of green onions as a business, it is necessary Special attention pay attention to the selection of productive varieties that can grow and give a good harvest in artificial conditions. For example, in autumn and winter it is pointless to plant in closed ground onions, since this species is characterized by a long dormant period: at this time, the rudiments of shoots are still absent in the bulbs - accordingly, even with the use of special technologies, they will not germinate.

Fortunately, there are other types of onions in which the dormant period does not exceed a few weeks - batun, multi-tiered, chives, slime or shallots:

1. Bow-batun. The leaves are identical in appearance and taste to the feathers of an ordinary onion species, however, this variety does not form a real bulb, so farmers are more likely to grow onions for greens from seeds. At a temperature of 15°C and a humidity of 80–85%, the yield of a batun reaches 3.5–4 kg/m²;
2. Leek. Broad feathers, reminiscent of garlic, grow on a thick white stem, which is also edible. For its formation, shoots obtained from seeds are planted in grooves 8–10 cm deep, gradually pouring earth in the process of growth. The average crop yield is 2 kg/m²;
3. Shallot. It also resembles onions, but differs from it in strong branching and the structure of the bulb, more like garlic: up to 10 lobes are formed in each nest, simultaneously releasing shoots. Feathers up to 30 cm long can be collected after a month; the yield in this case is 3–4 kg / m²;
4. Chives. Not only long narrow leaves are eaten, but also false bulbs up to 1 cm in diameter. The yield reaches 3 kg / m², however, this variety needs a special lighting regime - otherwise the shoots grow thin and pale green. Propagate chives by dividing the rhizome;
5. Slime onion. A feature of this species are wide feathers with a garlic smell, filled with slimy juice. The perennial slug does not have a dormant period and grows continuously, with the maximum yield being achieved in the third year - up to 4.5 kg / m². For reproduction with equal success, they practice growing onions from seeds and dividing the rhizome into shoots;
6. Onions are multi-tiered. Also called Egyptian. It is characterized by the formation of small air bulbs at the ends of the shoots, from which young feathers subsequently grow. In 25-40 days, the leaves grow up to 45 cm, and the yield reaches 4 kg / m². The Egyptian onion is grown from both underground and air bulbs;
7. Onion. The most common species, which expels feathers up to 30 cm long in a month. Southern varieties with a short dormant period are used to grow green onions at home. The crop yield when using intensive technologies reaches 13–15 kg/m².

Growing methods

To grow onions, it is necessary to ensure the supply to its roots nutrients and moisture. Suitable methods for this can be classified according to the method of planting plants and the type of soil:

1. In the soil. As soil, light types of soils saturated with organic matter are used - for example, garden soil or a mixture of peat and sand. At the same time, agricultural technology is the same for all varieties, differences are observed only in the method of reproduction. Seeds are planted in open ground in early spring for a summer harvest, or at the end of summer for wintering a plant under the snow. In the greenhouse, seeds are sown at any time, and last year's planting material - at the end of the dormant period, the duration of which is determined by the type of onion;
2. On sawdust. The main advantages of sawdust are its loose structure and the ability to retain water well. However given material does not contain nutrients in a form available to plants, so the beds should be regularly watered with a solution of NPK-complex fertilizers, adding as needed wood ash and saltpeter. On the other hand, the sawdust does not stick to the feathers at all and does not pollute the bulbs, which somewhat simplifies the harvesting process. In addition, this material does not need to be changed after each cycle - it is enough to pour a fresh layer of 2-3 cm on top and pour it abundantly;
3. On hydroponics. Hydroponic technology for growing onions involves the use of special mats saturated with a nutrient solution. As a basis for them, coconut fiber is used, which has an optimal structure for the root system and good hygroscopicity. For rapid development the roots of the plant are kept in the dark for the first 10 days, and at the end of their germination they switch to normal daylight hours;
4. On aeroponics. Aeroponic installations do not use any type of substrate at all, which eliminates contact with dirt and prevents the development of many types of diseases. The essence of the method is as follows: plants are placed in special containers so that the entire root system is in the air. Onions are fed by continuous irrigation of the roots with a solution of fertilizers in the form of an aerosol, which contributes to the maximum saturation of the shoots with oxygen and the achievement of the highest yield.

Cultivation technologies

For growing green onions at home, two main technologies are used - obtaining seedlings from seeds and forcing a feather from last year's small bulbs, also called sets:

1. Seed use. The seeds purchased or obtained independently are heated, soaked in water, treated with a solution of potassium permanganate, and then sown in continuous lines with an interval between rows of 7–10 cm. three months, and the feather is thin and short, since all the forces of the plant are concentrated on the formation of the bulb.
2. The use of sevka. The growing season does not exceed one month: even in open ground, four crops can be obtained per season. To grow green onions, varietal types of sets or a sample are bought - medium-sized bulbs with a diameter of up to 5 cm, which are planted in two ways:

• Sostovym - the bed is completely covered with bulbs touching each other, and the planting density is 15–22 kg / m²;
• Tape - the bulbs are planted in two lines with an interval of 3–4 cm and a line spacing of 10–20 cm.

Obviously, the bridge method allows you to get the maximum yield per square meter - up to 16 kilograms of green onions. The sequence of operations for planting material according to this method is as follows:

• The top of each bulb is cut off at the shoulders, and then the planting material is kept in hot water for several hours;
• Bulbs are planted closely, without gaps, on beds or in trays, deepening them into the ground by about half;
• After planting, the plantation is watered abundantly.

It should be remembered that with such a planting density, the cost of purchasing planting material also increases proportionally, so the choice of one method or another requires preliminary calculations.

Training

A large bulb contains a sufficient amount of nutrients necessary for forcing beautiful green feathers. However, when planting seedlings, the plant’s own resources are not enough to get a good harvest, therefore, among other preparatory measures, time must be allocated for preparing a soil mixture enriched with organic matter.

Onions prefer light and breathable sandy loam or loam, but forming crusts. The pH value should be neutral, because high acidity has a negative effect on plant growth. The ideal option appears to be ordinary garden soil mixed with peat and sand. The main inorganic fertilizers should also be added to this mixture:

• Nitrogen - 10 g/m²;
• Phosphoric anhydride - 7–7.5 g / m²;
• Potassium oxide - 18–20 g / m².

Planting material is purchased in the fall: the required amount of sets or samples can be bought from farmers or wholesalers. Bulbs suitable for forcing are characterized by the presence of at least two or three shoot buds: to make sure the quality of the batch, you need to take a few at random from each bag and cut them across.

In addition, the bulbs are often treated with a priming inhibiting compound that prevents them from sprouting during storage. Of course, such planting material is unsuitable for further use. That is why it is recommended to buy a sample immediately after harvest: in this case, the probability of no processing chemicals significantly higher.

Cultivation and care

The productivity of a crop is determined not only by the composition of the soil: high yield onions is equally determined by proper care and provision of microclimatic conditions comfortable for the plant. According to the requirements of the technology for growing onions on a feather in a greenhouse, during the forcing process, attention should be paid to the following issues:

Temperature regime

The culture grows better in relatively cool air, therefore, when planting seeds, the temperature is set at 23–24 ° C until the first shoots appear, and then gradually reduced to 18 ° C. At night, the temperature in the greenhouse should be maintained at 13–15°C with a humidity of 75–85%.

Lighting

Given the reduction of daylight hours in the cold season, onions must be additionally illuminated so that the total duration of the light period is 13–15 hours per day. The recommended light level is 3000 lux: when there is a lack of light, the feathers grow pale yellow and tasteless. Lamps are placed strictly above the beds to avoid creases and lodging of young shoots.

Watering

Onions should be watered regularly, with exceptionally warm water, periodically dissolving in it medications and fertilizers. An example irrigation scheme is as follows:

• The first time the soil is moistened immediately after planting, using a weak solution of potassium permanganate. The recommended rate is 7–10 l / m². If the farmer is confident in the cleanliness and sterility of the soil, the absence of pests, fungal spores and mold in it, then adding disinfectants to the water can be abandoned;
• A week later, during the second watering, Fitosporin is dissolved in water, designed to combat various diseases. The approximate rate of fluid consumption is 3–5 l / m²;
• In the future, the onions are watered every 4-5 days according to the norm of 5-6 l / m².

top dressing

When using fertile soils saturated with organic substances, onions should not be fed. On sawdust and depleted soils, 14 days after planting, it is necessary to perform a single top dressing with a 0.15% solution of nitrophoska or a 0.2% solution ammonium nitrate. You can also water the beds with a 0.2% solution of superphosphate and potassium sulfate.

Pest protection

Feathers that have grown to 15 cm must be treated with an aqueous solution liquid soap and blue vitriol(one spoon per bucket of water) according to the norm of 0.5 l / m². Plants that show signs of fungus, bloom, or drying of the leaves should be destroyed to avoid infecting the entire plantation.

Harvesting

If the above requirements are met, onion feathers reach a commercial length of 30 cm in about three weeks. Starting harvesting, the leaves are slightly compressed into a bundle at a distance of 10–13 cm from the bulb, and then cut off at a height of 4–5 cm. Small shoots and arrows fall out.

The collected onions are placed in plastic bags and kept at a temperature of 12–15 ° C for two hours. Then the bags are sealed and laid out in boxes, placing the plants with roots in one direction. It is not recommended to fill the container to the top in order to avoid damage to the greens during storage and transportation. In anticipation of the implementation of the onion is stored in cold store at 0°C for 20 days.

Important for successful implementation is appearance products. Therefore, you need to cut the feathers carefully so as not to damage them, not to stain them in the ground and not to wipe off the wax coating from the leaves that retains moisture inside. Quality product, attracting the attention of buyers and resellers, has a length of 25–30 cm and a rich dark green color.

Sales organization

Aspiring entrepreneurs are usually confident that customers will sweep fresh onions off the shelves at any time of the year. However, in reality, the sales situation is not so optimistic: firstly, the high price of the product in the off-season scares away customers from low level wealth, and secondly, few people buy more than two or three bundles at a time. Thus, it is almost impossible to quickly sell a ton of green feathers without significant effort, and therefore, in the business plan for growing onions, the following ways to sell goods should be considered separately:

• Wholesale. In almost every region there are companies that buy agricultural products in bulk. In addition, you can use the Internet: on virtual trading floors both buyers and sellers place their ads. This method considered the simplest and least expensive;
• Sale to catering establishments. In this case, the entrepreneur will have to make some efforts and convince the owners of cafes, canteens and restaurants already working with some suppliers of the prospects for cooperation;
• Working with grocery stores For buyers of this kind, price, volumes, delivery times, availability of returns and deferred payment are important. In addition, products for sale are accepted in packaged form, and therefore the farmer will have to include the cost of purchasing packaging material in the business plan;
• Self sale. This method is associated with maximum costs: to sell green onions in kiosks and markets, it is necessary to hire sellers and equip retail outlets with refrigeration equipment.

It should also be taken into account that in order to grow onions all year round, a business will have to be registered: having the status of an individual entrepreneur or peasant farm simplifies the procedure for issuing certificates of conformity for products and allows you to provide customers with various supporting documents that have legal force.

Greenhouse equipment

As a business, growing onions requires careful preparation of the production base. First of all, it is necessary to carry out preliminary calculations in order to determine the necessary quantitative and quality characteristics equipment. Thus, the creation of a greenhouse complex with an area of ​​175 m² includes the purchase and installation of equipment according to the following specification:

1. Hothouse frame. The basis is a serial model with a width of 7.5 m and a length of 23.4 m, made of profile metal pipe and installed on a strip concrete foundation;
2. Coating. In cold climates, cellular polycarbonate 8–10 mm thick serves as a covering material. The polymer is characterized by high light transmission and low heat transfer coefficient, which allows minimizing energy consumption for creating optimal conditions for growing green onions;
3. Shelving. To ensure quick heating of the soil in the beds and to facilitate access to plants, a multi-tiered shelving system should be installed in the greenhouse. At the same time, onions are planted in wooden or plastic trays placed on shelves;
4. Lighting. The level of illumination required for growing green onions in winter under conditions of short daylight hours is created by fixing sodium, halogen or LED lamp, and the latter option allows you to create the required luminous flux with minimal power consumption;
5. Irrigation. To automate the irrigation process in greenhouse complexes, they use drip systems, allowing not only to control the amount of moisture entering the beds, but also to feed the plants by dissolving fertilizers in water. In the absence of such, the beds can be watered with an ordinary watering can;
6. Ventilation. When growing onions for greens in environment stands out carbon dioxide, the removal of which is carried out using ceiling exhaust fans with a capacity of 1600 m³/h each. Fresh air at the same time, it enters through air intakes protected by filters from ingress of insect pests. Each air intake is additionally equipped with a water heat exchanger designed to heat the incoming air flow;
7. Heating. The basis of the heating system is a hot water boiler connected with polypropylene pipes to radiators located along the walls. The calculation shows that the heat loss from the surface of the greenhouse at an outdoor temperature of –30°C is at least 48–50 kW. Thus, taking into account the margin, the required boiler power is assumed to be 70 kW.

Greenhouse equipment

Position	price, rub.	Quantity, pcs.	Cost, rub.
Greenhouse
Greenhouse arched length 23.4 m	290000	1	290000
Concrete greenhouse foundation	80000	1	80000
Shelving
Bunk rack 1.2x0.6 m	2500	96	240000
Growing tray 40x60x7 cm	230	576	132480
Heating
Hot water boiler 80 kW	90000	1	90000
Propylene pipe 25 mm	75	200 m	15000
Radiator	6100	16	97600
Lighting
Phytolamp LED 25 W	1350	192	259200
Electric cable	50	300 m	15000
Automatic switch	200	6	1200
Ventilation
Exhaust fan	3500	2	7000
Air filter	600	4	2400
air intake	1100	2	2200
Water heat exchanger	4000	2	8000
Watering
Irrigation tank 2 m³	25000	1	25000
Water pump	3500	1	3500
drip irrigation system	1400	12	16800
Optional equipment
cooling chamber	45000	1	45000
garden tools	–	–	6000
Thermohygrometer	1200	2	2400
Plastic container	25	100	2500
Total:			1341280

Investments

Growing onions in a greenhouse is a business that requires serious investment. industrial scale production. Entrepreneur who already has land plot the required sizes, first of all, it is necessary to purchase equipment and register your activities with the relevant authorities: the total costs for these items are 1,342,080 rubles.

The next group of expenses is associated with the purchase of raw materials necessary for growing green onions - planting material, soil, fertilizers. It should be noted that with a production cycle of 45 days, plants can be planted and harvested eight times a year (twice per season):

• Planting material. With the bridge planting method, up to 150 bulbs with a diameter of 4 cm and a weight of 40 g each are placed in a tray of 40x60 cm. Thus, in terms of 576 trays, the weight of the planting material is 3460 kg. The cost of sowing at wholesale bases is 18 rubles per kilogram;
• Priming. To fill the specified number of trays in each cycle, it is necessary to prepare or buy 9.7 m³ of substrate at a price of 800 rubles per cubic meter;
• Firewood. Dry chopped firewood is purchased once a year: to heat the greenhouse during the cold period, it is enough to prepare 90–100 m³ of logs. The cost of birch firewood is 1300 rubles/m³, pine firewood is 900 rubles/m³;
• Lighting. With a total lamp power of 4.8 kW, electricity consumption is 28.8 kW per day in winter, and 14.4 kW per day in autumn and spring, due to a change in the length of daylight hours. In summer, when growing onions on a feather in a greenhouse artificial lighting not required.

Current expenses

Article	Winter	Spring	Summer	Autumn	Amount, rub.
Sevok, 6920 kg	124416	124416	124416	124416	497664
Greenhouse soil, 19.4 m³	15480	15480	15480	15480	61920
Fertilizers, 10 kg	8000	8000	8000	8000	32000
Firewood, 100 m³	130000	–	–	–	130000
Lighting	3370	1685	–	1685	6740
Certification	3000	3000	3000	3000	12000
Connection	1000	1000	1000	1000	4000
Fare	2000	2000	2000	2000	8000
Total:					752324

Income and profitability

Experienced gardeners claim that the total mass of green leaves at the first cut reaches 50-70% of the initial weight of the bulb. The onion growing tray per feather holds 6 kg of planting material: the expected crop weight is 3.6 kg (7.2 kg per season). Given the price fluctuations depending on the time of year, it is possible to calculate the profitability of this type of agricultural activity:

Income from the sale of onions

Obviously, as a business, the cultivation of onions on a feather is characterized high level profitability: the total profit of the farmer exceeds 2.07 million rubles a year. Other economic indicators of the enterprise are as follows:

Related videos

Economic indicators

Conclusion

Farmers without proper training should not start with a large-scale enterprise and invest millions in the construction of an industrial greenhouse complex. For those who do not have experience in agricultural activities, it is better to test your strength in a small greenhouse or plant bulbs in open ground. In two or three seasons, it is quite possible to master the intricacies of green cultivation technology, develop a customer base, collect the necessary information and determine what onion cultivation is as a business: video materials on this topic can be found in large quantities on the Internet.

14.10.2015 16 460

Growing green onions - which variety is better to choose and how to grow?

Growing green onions is traditional way obtaining fresh herbs not only in spring and summer on the beds, but also in the winter season at home. Many appreciate green onions for their piquant taste, as they are a great addition to kitchen dishes, and also contain a fairly large amount of trace elements and phytoncides.

Onions for greens - varieties and species that give thick and juicy feathers

To get good and tasty greens, you need to take care of right choice planting material. Onions for greens, of course, can also be obtained from the remnants of onions, which are available, but in this case, the greens themselves will not be of excellent quality. Cultivation of green onions is usually produced from multi-grain varieties of onions, since all the rudiments individually give from three to five leaves of good greens.

Starting from October, it is already possible to plant early-ripening onion varieties, as well as mid-ripening ones: Strigunovsky, Myachkovsky, Spassky, Mstersky, Timiryazevsky, Shetana MS, Red Baron, Bamberger, Stardust, De Barletta, Baia Verde, Green Arrow, Kaygaro and others. And with the onset of November, you can plant varieties with a longer growing season: Lugansky, Pogarsky, Mercato, Boyarin, Soyuz, Bessonovsky. When green onions are grown at home, preference is given to such varieties as Siberian yellow, Off-season, Sprint.

If the goal is to get good greens for a fairly long period of time, then you should pay attention to the above varieties. Do not forget that not all onion varieties produce new feathers, so you will have to plant onions in several stages one after another.

Growing Green Onions - Highlights

To grow onions for greens, select only good and healthy bulbs with a diameter of at least three centimeters. It is necessary to plant onions in late autumn, a week before the arrival of frost, or in early spring.

In order for the bulbs to start growing faster, its upper part is usually cut off or cuts can be made with a knife crosswise. Next, the bulbs are allowed to dry for a day, or they are kept in a weak solution of potassium salt of manganese acid (in potassium permanganate), so the planting bulbs are warmed up and disinfected. As a result of such activities, onions grow faster on greens, and their yield increases by at least 40-50%.

in the photo - the tape method of planting green onions

Growing onions on a feather is done as tape method, and bridge. The tape method consists in planting bulbs between rows, the distance in this case is 2-3 centimeters from each other and 15-20 centimeters in rows. With the bridge method of growing, the bulbs are planted close, that is, the bulb to the bulb. Bulbs should not be planted too deep into the ground, as the greens will sprout worse, sprinkle a little soil on top, but in no case press or tamp the ground, otherwise there is a risk of rotting of the bulbs.

in the photo - green onions in a bridge way

Be sure to pay attention to the fact that when growing onions for greens, winter plantings in unheated greenhouses can freeze slightly or completely freeze out. But, spring plantings here you can start much earlier in comparison with planting onions in open ground.

Green onions at home

Many people prefer to grow green onions at home, since almost every housewife wants to have fresh greens grown by her own hands on the table. For the convenience of planting onions, you can use any containers and boxes in which there must be openings for water (holes).

At the bottom of the prepared container, put not too small expanded clay chips, a layer of one centimeter, and pour soil on top. The layer of earth must be at least five centimeters so that the roots of the bulbs have room to grow. The soil needs to be moistened and the bulbs planted, planting them about a third deep. Then you put the boxes with plantings in a warm place that will be well lit.

in the photo - green onions grown at home

If the lighting in the apartment is not enough, then in this case you should do additional lighting. It is desirable to place lamps for lighting at a height of 50-60 centimeters from landings. Temperature regime at the same time, it should be maintained within 24-26 ° С. Under these conditions, green onions at home will already please you with the first greens in about 16-20 days. Watering should be moderate, make sure that the soil is not wet and heavy, but just wet. Bulbs can rot if not watered properly.

Grown green onion feathers are best cut with scissors. As the greens are harvested, the bulbs begin to wrinkle or rot, in which case it is necessary to remove the bad bulb and plant a new one in its place. Similarly, green onions at home will grow continuously.

Green onions are the perfect addition to any dish. Especially in winter when fresh vegetables less, housewives need fragrant greens. After all, onion not only emphasizes the taste of dishes, but also contains useful substances and, with regular consumption, well replenishes the supply of vitamins and minerals in the human body.

Pros of growing your own green onions

Of course, you can buy onions in the store even in winter. But you must admit that it is much more pleasant to grow it with your own hands and always have fresh greens on hand, in the quality and environmental friendliness of which you will be completely sure.

In addition, if you enjoy growing the crop throughout the year, you can easily turn the sale of green feathers into an additional or even main source of income.

Of course, it is quite difficult to grow an onion in a quantity sufficient for sale in an apartment of a multi-storey building. But if you are the owner personal plot and greenhouses, everything is in your hands. We will tell you how to grow green onions in winter.

Preparing a country greenhouse for growing green onions

If you want to grow a fragrant onion throughout the winter, then you first need to prepare a greenhouse for this:

1. Remove weeds and roots from other crops.
2. Ventilate the room.
3. To protect planting from diseases, treat the soil with special disinfecting solutions or simply potassium permanganate.
4. Make sure that the heating system is functioning properly and will not fail at the most inopportune moment - when the winter frosts come.
5. It is very important to make sure that there are enough lamps in the greenhouse for winter illumination of the crop, which is simply indispensable in central Russia due to the short duration of daylight hours in winter. Experts recommend placing lamps daylight vertically, then the plant will form correctly, and you will get an even green feather.

The quality of the soil for growing green onions is very important. The culture loves "breathing" loosened soil, which is saturated with useful minerals.

In the process of preparing the soil, it is added to it (based on 1 square meter) :

• organic fertilizer (it can be compost or manure) - 10 l;
• mineral fertilizer (superphosphate) - 30 g;
• potassium chloride - 15 g.

For those summer residents who do not have winter greenhouse and another option would work. Plant a beam in early to mid-October in a greenhouse ( the so-called cold greenhouse). Before the onset of frost, the plant will develop a strong root system. Cover the beds for the winter (straw or manure is suitable for this). With this method of planting, already in mid-May, you can get strong and juicy green onion feathers.

Choosing a variety of onions for the greenhouse

So, the greenhouse is prepared for growing green beds. But in order for the harvest to be a success, you need to choose the right variety of crop that is suitable for growing in the season you need.

1. Onions, no matter how much effort you put into caring for them, will not give a good harvest during the off-season. And the thing is that for a plant this is a dormant period and it will not actively develop.
2. For planting at any time of the year convenient for you beam types such as slime, chives and leeks. We see them on store shelves all year round.
3. If you want to grow onions, then it is preferable to plant them in December.

General rules for planting onions in greenhouse soil

A green onion can be planted in two ways:

1. Seedling. To get seedlings of a crop, you will need seeds. Already at the end of February or at the very beginning of March they need to be sown in special containers. It is very important to pre-soak the seed in clean water for 8-10 hours, this will help the culture germinate faster. For soaking, use water, the temperature of which is +40 ° C. When shoots appear, place containers with future seedlings in a well-lit place (if there is little natural light, install fluorescent lamps). Don't forget to water. Only after 2 months will the onion seedlings be ready for planting in the greenhouse.
2. Planting small bulbs. The landing pattern will depend on the season. If you are preparing to grow green feathers in winter, then planting is carried out in October, and the planting material is placed tightly - no more than 1 cm between the bulbs. If planting is spring, then 5 cm are left between plants.

Features of planting onions of individual varieties

Planting a leek

This type of onion is very to the taste of gourmets: it is tender and juicy, in fresh wonderfully complements the taste of salads and gives them a special flavor. The white part of the stem is used in cooking.

To grow such an onion to your table, you must apply seedling method: the seeds are soaked and then planted in pots with nutrient soil mixture. Seedlings must be covered with a film to create a greenhouse effect that is pleasant for the plant. Until the seedlings appear, remove the film only to moisten the soil.

Seedlings can be transplanted into the greenhouse when 2-3 leaves appear on it. Leek loves loosened earth, and top dressing - from humus and wood ash.

In order for the plant to be comfortable, it is necessary to plant seedlings so that 10 cm remain between the plants. In the process of growing, do not forget to regularly loosen the soil to give oxygen access to the onion roots.

Planting shallots

The peculiarity of this type of onion is that the onion consists of several parts (like garlic). Therefore, when planting, the onion can no doubt be divided, and its parts planted separately. However, very carefully you need to sort out the planting material: separate the rotten or diseased parts.

Experienced gardeners note that shallot varieties adapt well to the terrain. Therefore, in order not to miscalculate and get a really decent harvest, choose those varieties that are familiar to your region of residence. "Exotic" can be tried to grow in a small batch for testing.

Shallots can be planted both in spring and autumn. Plant the bulbs at a distance of 10 cm from each other, deepening the planting by 4 cm. Within a month after planting in the greenhouse, you will get juicy greens.

Planting onion-batun

The juicy and tender greens of the batun are highly valued among cooks. In cultivation, this variety of onions is not whimsical. You can plant a crop with seedlings and bulbs.

If you decide to grow an onion from seeds, then sow it thickly (4 g per 1 square meter), then pretty soon you will get tender feathers. However, such a planting will be exclusively annual: harvest the crop by pulling out the plant with the root.

How to properly care for green onions in a greenhouse

Simplifies the life of a summer resident that the onion does not require regular top dressing- it is enough to enrich the soil once at the stage of preparing the beds for planting a crop.

But you will have to constantly monitor the soil moisture - any kind of onion loves water. Water the green beds not too often, but carefully. Keep a balance - excess moisture can cause the bulbs to rot, then you won’t have to dream about harvesting.

The air temperature is very important for green onions: during the day it should not be lower than 19 ° C, and at night - 12 ° C. The gardener needs to be especially vigilant if the onion is grown in a winter greenhouse - check the health of the heating system, otherwise, having frozen, the greens will immediately deteriorate.

You need to ventilate the greenhouse: this will maintain optimal humidity. However, do not expose the beds to drafts.

The taste of fresh herbs attracts not only people. Unfortunately, even in a winter greenhouse, pests (insects and fungus) are also on the alert. Among common green onion diseases mosaic and black mold. And insects are dangerous for crops onion fly and tobacco thrips. Watch the seedlings to notice the problem in time and fix ituntil all plants are damaged. Use for pest control special preparations or traditional methods.

How to grow green onions at home

It would seem that it could be easier than growing a few feathers by planting a bulb in a pot of earth. But by keeping simple rules, you can get a real crop of a vitamin product without much effort.

How to prepare planting material for cultivation green onion at home

Onions familiar to everyone will help you provide your family with fragrant greens for the winter. In this case irrelevant, whether you grew the mother bulb on your site or bought it at the nearest supermarket.

But it is worth paying attention to the root crop variety. The best pen will be given by the so-called multigerm varieties, for example:

• "Timiryazevsky";
• "Spassky";
• "Arzamassky";
• "Pograsky".

bulbs for sprouting choose small ones (up to 2 cm in diameter). Inspect them for damage, rotting and disease - damaged material should not be planted.

Before boarding:

1. Fold the bulbs selected for planting in a container.
2. Fill with water heated to a temperature of 40 ° C.
3. Place in a very warm place (preferably on a battery) for 24 hours.
4. When the allotted time is up, remove the onions from the water and remove the husks from them.
5. If a damaged layer is found under the husk, remove it as well.
6. Cut off the tops of the onions by 1-1.5 cm with a sharp knife.

Now you can go directly to the landing.

Preparing the soil mixture for growing onions

To plant onions, you will need a shallow container: a container, bowl or box with a depth of 7 - 8 cm will do. If you find 2 containers for growing, and plant the onion at different times (the second batch a couple of weeks after the first), then harvesting from one , soon you will wait for the appearance of greenery in another - fragrant greens will always be on your table.

Earth can be used as soil suburban area or store-bought universal substrate. You can add some sand to the soil - the culture will like it.

If the earth was collected on the site, then it is advisable to disinfect it with a warm solution of potassium permanganate - this will eliminate the occurrence of fungal diseases of the culture in the future.

• fill the prepared containers with soil mixture by 3-4 cm;
• fill with water (water should cover the soil by 1 cm);
• plant bulbs every 2 cm;
• make sure that the planting material maintains a vertical position;
• no need to bury the roots in the ground - only the roots should be in the soil, otherwise the bulbs will begin to rot.

How to care for green onions at home

Immediately after planting, the container with the bulbs should be placed closer to the battery or in a place where the temperature will not drop below 25 ° C - this will help the culture start growing faster. And when you notice the appearance of the first feathers 1 - 2 cm long, this will be a signal that the home garden can be moved to the windowsill.

If the windows of your apartment face south or east, then there will be enough light for the bow even in winter. But if the windows are oriented to the north, you will have to light up the beam a little so that it develops more actively and accumulates vitamins and microelements useful for humans in feathers. For additional lighting, use a fluorescent lamp, its spectrum will fully meet the needs of the plant. Having tried one feather, you will easily understand that the culture has little light - the greens will have an unexpressed taste and will not be juicy enough.

You need to water the "garden" every other day. And use warm water for this. It is important that the soil does not dry out.

Do not rush to cut the first green onion feathers - the further development of the culture may stop and there will be no rich harvest. You should wait about 20 days from the moment of planting before you start cutting the onion. You most likely won’t need to shoot the entire crop at once, so use the outer feathers first, and at this time the central sprouts will continue to develop.

Preparing to plant green onions in water

If you don't have the time or inclination to create impromptu onion beds on your windowsill, then try growing greens in water.

To do this, select planting material (selection is carried out in the same way as for growing in a substrate). Then:

• cut off the selected parent roots;
• lower them for 15-20 minutes in hot water, the temperature of which is about 50 ° C;
• instead of water, you can use a solution of potassium permanganate to disinfect the planting material;
• after hot soaking, dip the bulbs immediately into cold water;
• peel the husk and remove the damaged layers, if any;
• now you can plant the onion in the containers that you have prepared for this.

General rules for growing green onions in water

1. Before planting onions, the container must be disinfected, use potassium permanganate for this.
2. Until the roots have grown, put the container in a cool place and change the water twice a day.
3. When the active growth of greenery begins, the water should be changed once a day.
4. If you use fertilizer to feed the "bed" - the water can be changed once a week.
5. Periodically rinse the roots of the bulbs and the container under running water.

Choosing a container for growing green onions in water

In principle, any containers can be used to grow greenery: jars, cups, plastic containers and even plates. The only thing that can be a problem is the rotting of the onion. Therefore, in order for the growth process to proceed correctly, it is necessary to provide a landing material such a situation in which only the roots are in the water.

There are several ways:

1. Plates. Pour water into a regular plate and place the onions close together in vertical position(root crops will support each other). The water at the bottom of the plate touches only the roots and the bottom of the bulbs.
2. Container. You will need a plastic bowl of any size and cardboard. Cut out the cardboard so that it covers the vessel and make holes for bulbs - fixture ready. Pour water into the container, cover it with cardboard, and “seat” the roots into the holes so that they lightly touch the water.
3. Textile. If you use jars or glasses to grow an onion, then this method will suit you. Wrap the bulb with a cloth and place it in a glass so that the cloth touches the water, but the roots of the culture do not. Then the water will rise through the damp tissue and gradually moisten the growing root crop.
4. Germinators. If funds allow, then you can buy a special device for growing a green onion at home. Bulbs are inserted into a special hole, water is poured into the container. Using a small compressor, the device creates a water suspension around the roots of the plant (the principle of hydroponics). The advantage of the germinator is that the mother bulbs never rot, and the feather germinates very quickly - in 10 days you will get juicy greens about 15 cm long.

How to feed an onion grown in water

If you want to get a really good harvest on your home garden, it is better to feed the onion. Choose one of the formulas for top dressing:

• 1.5 g of ammonium nitrate, 2 g of superphosphate, 1.5 g of potassium chloride - dissolve everything in 1 liter of clean water;
• Dilute 5 g of wood ash in 1 liter of water;
• 2 tsp mineral fertilizer(complex) dissolve in 1 liter of water.

The nutrient solution must be applied at the time when the roots appeared on the bulbs and the growth of feathers began.

Growing green onions: video

Green onions: photo