What are the main pros and cons of Finnish houses. We build a Finnish house with our own hands. Why has a frame house using Finnish technology become so popular?

Finnish houses are traditionally built from laminated veneer lumber. The main advantage of this building material is its ecological cleanliness. In addition, laminated veneer lumber, made from high-quality processed logs, is much “warmer” and stronger than solid wood. It has good sound insulation and geometric stability, holds its shape well and does not deform due to changes in temperature and humidity.

Any construction begins with the design of the future house and the preparation of accompanying documentation (a plan of the foundation and support beams, a floor plan of the building and a diagram of the rafter system, detailed planking and a perspective image of the building). The project can be ordered from an architectural bureau or construction organization, or created independently - using special program ARCHICAD. Next, according to the estimate, the necessary building materials are purchased. For the construction of external walls, massive timber with a thickness of 180-275 mm is usually chosen, for internal partitions A more “delicate” timber with a thickness of no more than 170 mm is suitable. The first stage of construction is the formation of the foundation. A foundation is most often built for a wooden house. belt type. First, outline the outline of the future foundation, then dig a trench 0.5 m deep and 0.5 m wide. A 15-20 cm layer of sand is poured onto the bottom of the recess. A frame made of reinforcement is laid on top of the compacted sand cushion (in the middle part and in the corners of the trench, underlays must be installed under the frame from broken bricks). Then formwork is installed from laminated boards - they are placed in one row along the perimeter of the foundation to a height of 40-50 cm above the ground surface and firmly fixed in several places. After this, the foundation strip is poured with concrete. The second stage of construction - laying the first crowns - begins after the concrete has completely dried (usually this takes about 20-30 days). In order to properly waterproof the lower frame, roofing material is laid over the entire area of ​​the foundation in 2-3 layers, and the lower beams are treated with special water-repellent compounds that prevent wood rotting and the formation of mold and fungi. After this, the installation of the crowns begins. The first beams are secured to the foundation with metal ties. A layer of thermal insulation must be laid between the first rows (tow or jute is most often used). To reliably connect the beams to each other, special fastenings are used - wooden dowels. Metal brackets are used as additional fasteners. When laying the crowns, small gaps are left between the internal and external beams - they are needed for complete ventilation of the underground. The process of arranging the floor begins with laying additional beams and connecting them with embedded crowns. Logs are laid on top of the beams and secured with self-tapping screws. Sheets are laid on the joists moisture resistant plywood and secure metal corners. A waterproofing sheet with an overlap on the walls and dense insulation - mineral wool or polystyrene foam - are laid on top of the plywood. All joints are carefully taped with construction tape. The top layer of the “pie” is similar to the first one (plywood flooring). Finish flooring installed at the stage of interior finishing work.

The construction of walls takes place according to preliminary planking. A layer of insulation is laid on top of the crowns, then the first row of beams is mounted and fixed wooden dowels, then proceed to laying the second and subsequent rows. When assembling timber, it is necessary to constantly monitor the geometry of the walls - both vertically and horizontally. Permissible deviations are no more than 2-3 mm. Upon completion of the construction of the wall box, interfloor beams are installed. They are mounted either by inserting into timber or using metal fasteners. The next step is installation of the rafter system. For the manufacture of rafters, dried lumber is used - ordinary timber or boards with a thickness of at least 50-60 mm. The rafters are overlapped and connected at the ridge using bolts or nails. The prepared frame begins to be installed from any of the gables; sliding fasteners are used to fix the structure. Upon completion of installation, all holes in the sheathing are carefully filled with windproof material (diffusive membranes are most often used). After this, the selected roofing covering is laid and the attic space is arranged.

To wiring engineering communications(connecting electrical wiring, heating, ventilation, water supply and sewerage systems) and finishing works You can start almost immediately after the construction of the log house. On average, the entire construction process Finnish house takes no more than two months.

Many features of the “bathhouse” design are due to the desire to make the house squat. Since it is located on the eastern side of the site, you don’t want its shadow to obscure the house. There was a struggle for every 10cm of height.

Overlap

That is why a specific design of the lower floor was chosen

• The strapping is made from prefabricated beams "board - plywood - board"
• The joists are located between the frame beams, and not on top. Attached to beam supports. Logs 40x150x2800
• The walls are placed on the frame.
• Counter logs 40x100 are placed inside the contour of the walls in increments of 400
• On top of OSB 18mm
• Ecowool insulation
• Subfloor filing - 12mm isoplaat

What does this design provide?

• Insulation layer 250mm
• Reducing the height of the “base” due to the location of the joists between the frame beams
• Elimination of the “cold bridge” at the floor-wall junction, since the insulated wall extends below the insulated floor level.
• More durable flooring due to redistribution of loads on adjacent joists
• It is possible, after installing the external walls and roof, to remove the OSB, calmly insulate the ceiling, and then install interior walls

Exterior walls

The pie is supposed to look like this. From outside to inside

• Imitation of timber, painted with covering paint. Most likely Teknos Nordica Eco
• Gap 25x50
• Windproof board Izoplaat 12mm vertical
• A frame with a “top crossbar” without double strapping on top, without double racks. Post pitch 600mm
• Kraft paper (possibly VCL)
• Osp3 9mm horizontal
• Horizontal lathing, 40-50mm pitch 400
• GKL 12mm

All wood is technically dried, but not planed.
Ecowool insulation using wet glue method.
Let me explain a little what OSB does in this “Finnish” pie.

Firstly, this is additional rigidity to the rather flimsy 12mm isoplaate plate. Although, looking ahead, I can say that I “overdid it”

Secondly, insulation with ecowool is planned in 2 stages. Insulation of the gap with inside, is planned later, after wiring of communications, along with internal partitions.
And the peculiarity of wet adhesive application is that it must be done on a hard surface, which will be OSB3

Internal walls.

There is no exoticism here. Frame made of boards 40x100. GKL.

Rafters and roofing
The rafter system is implemented on homemade trusses. But not on MZP, but with plywood overlays.

The lining on the diagonal belts is “lost” in the picture, but they are there.

The roof covering was originally planned - soft tiles. But after the calculations, the toad strangled him. And settled on a self-locking fold.

Why were the farms chosen?
Due to the chosen construction sequence.
Farms do not need intermediate supports - internal walls.

That is, the order of work has been chosen as follows
1) make the bottom overlap. In addition to counter lag and OSB - they are attached temporarily
2) install external walls
3) We install trusses and make a roof
4) We sheathe the house with isoplaat.

After this, I get a “hangar” covered with a roof and closed from the wind and begin the second stage of work
1) Counter logs and OSB are removed. The ceiling is insulated and sewn up forever
2) Internal walls and attic are insulated
3) We sheathe OSB from the inside, make a gap, install internal partitions
4) conduct communications
5) We insulate the internal gap, partitions
6) Sew up the plasterboard

Of course, somewhere else there will be installation of windows, doors and facade

Finland is known for its skillful, practical and detailed approach to organizing comfortable and aesthetic living spaces. In addition, Scandinavian frame houses are designed for harsh climates, so their construction technologies are often borrowed by domestic builders. Let's figure out what the features of popular buildings are, what are the main principles and nuances of the construction of Finnish frames.

Features of Finnish technology

The variety of approaches to frame house construction can be divided into two categories: American and Finnish. The first technology involves preparing, cutting and installing wall panels at the construction site.

According to the Scandinavian method, the main part structural elements manufactured at the factory. The workshop produces cutting, fitting parts, and sometimes complete assembly. The finished house is installed on a foundation or assembled from individual modules on site.

In addition, Finnish technology has other features:

1. Effective thermal insulation. Special attention They pay attention to the issue of insulation - the thickness of the wall pie reaches 25 cm. The role of a heat insulator is performed by natural materials.
2. Self-supporting roof. The roof structure is truss-truss, which gives freedom in the internal layout.
3. House siding. Fiberboards are mainly used for lining walls, moisture resistant drywall for facade work.
4. Frame with crossbars. To relieve the load from window openings install vertical jumpers. The insertion of the crossbar allows you to do without window headers and double top trim, inherent in American technology.

The layout of a house in Finnish is based on two main principles: rationality and comfort. Scandinavian projects are thought out to the smallest detail - space is used as efficiently as possible.

Varieties of Scandinavian buildings

Construction order frame houses according to Finnish technology depends on the readiness of the factory house kit. There are three types of structures:

1. . A single block or several module-rooms with thermal insulation are delivered to the construction site, facade finishing and windows. All that remains is to install the house on the foundation, secure the roof and make cosmetic repairs inside. The disadvantage of this method is the complexity of transportation and installation.
2. high availability. At the plant, according to the project, they cut out the walls, insulate them, and perform façade and interior rough finishing. On the site, builders assemble a house from panel blocks, erect internal partitions, ceilings, install a roof and provide communications.
3. Pre-Cut Kit. Construction of a house from prefabricated parts - elements of the roof, frame, walls, ceilings are supplied disassembled. All parts are pre-fitted and numbered. Related building materials (heat and vapor insulation, facade cladding, etc.) are delivered uncut.

It is the latter method that is most popular among compatriots. Main advantages: affordable cost, opportunity self-assembly without special equipment.

Construction stages: requirements and nuances of building a house

All process can be roughly divided into several main stages. Let us describe the features of the choice of structural elements and present general scheme building a Finnish house.

Selecting and laying the foundation

Scandinavian frame houses are usually installed on two types of foundations:

• floors on the ground or insulated Finnish foundation - UFF;
• insulated Swedish stove - .

UVF. Made from 3-4 rows of expanded clay concrete blocks. Base dimensions: width – 20 cm, height – 60-80 cm.

UFF arrangement diagram:

1. Laying a shallow strip foundation. It is carried out around the perimeter of the house on top of a sand and gravel cushion. Tape width – 25-30 cm.
2. Waterproofing the base and constructing a plinth made of brick or foam blocks.
3. Backfilling the fenced area with gravel, insulating it with foam boards.
4. Installation of “warm floors”, laying water supply and sewerage pipes.
5. Pouring with concrete screed.

USHP. Complete system , consisting of a foundation body, a drainage layer, a heat-insulating blind area and utilities. The house is mounted on a slab surface prepared for the finishing floor. Disadvantages of angle grinders: high cost of installation on slopes, low base.

When constructing a compact building, for example, bathhouses or country houses, use block or strip foundation.

Nuances of frame construction

The optimal base for the supporting frame is a dry planed board. Alternative, more available material, – laminated veneer lumber. In Scandinavian technology, unlike Canadian technology, frame variability is allowed. Offers from different construction companies may differ in the implementation of individual elements and connecting points.

Large companies offer something like I-beams for racks - this solution reduces the likelihood of the formation of “cold bridges”. Interesting option– composite beams combined with low thermal conductivity material.

Usage racks with “thermal break” improves the thermal efficiency of the house, but increases the construction budget. A more economical method is to use conventional rectangular beams.

In Finnish buildings, double racks are not installed near window openings. You can refuse reinforcement, since a crossbar made of LVL timber is installed between the top trim and the window lintel. Ply veneer resists horizontal loads better than other lumber.

Exterior cladding materials

Slab finishing of the frame in American housing construction adds rigidity to the structure - continuous cladding is used OSB boards. In Finnish technology, this approach is used extremely rarely. Three cladding methods are popular among Scandinavians:

1. Fiberboards (Fiberboard). Sheet material is inferior to OSB sheets in terms of strength, but superior to them in sound and heat insulation properties. Popular brands of fiberboard: Izoplat, Beltermo, Shteiko. Characteristics of the plates: thickness – 25 mm, thermal conductivity – 0.037 W/m*K.
2. Facade gypsum board. Gypsum fiber sheets differ from fiberboard in their more affordable cost, better strength and fire safety, but are inferior in thermal conductivity - 0.3 W/m*K. The material provides the required rigidity to the frame and at the same time acts as a wind barrier.
3. Jib and plywood. Plywood sheets with increased moisture resistance and a thickness of 10 mm are used, marked FSF. According to the technology, rigidity is achieved through slabs and jibs mounted in the corners of the house. The rest of the walls remain without sheathing - only a windproof membrane is installed.

The last option is the cheapest, but is not suitable for cold regions. With this solution, the thermal efficiency of the building deteriorates significantly.

Wall pie: insulation and insulation

In Scandinavian construction this issue is given special importance. Insulation width according to technological standards: 250 mm - walls, 300-500 mm - ceilings and attic.

Fibrous thermal insulation materials are used - mineral wool is placed in wall panels, and ecowool is used to fill horizontal surfaces of floors and insulate roofs with a gentle slope. The role of vapor barrier is assigned to special membranes or ordinary polyethylene 200 microns.

Typical "wall pie" diagram:

• facade finishing with wood;
• ventilated space;
• fibreboards or façade plasterboard;
• frame with a layer of thermal insulation;
• vapor barrier film;
• additional insulation along the horizontal lathing;
• rough - sheets of plasterboard or lining.

External and internal finishing

Scandinavians prefer different types of façade cladding wood materials. Particularly popular are linings and planks. Less commonly used is smart sidedig, a composite material based on moisture-resistant oriented strand board. The outer side of the panel is an imitation of the relief texture of wood.

Plaster, vinyl siding, thermal panels and facade brick rarely seen in exterior decoration Finnish houses. These techniques are used in no more than 10% of cases.

Features of arranging a wooden facade:

1. A prerequisite is the presence of a ventilation gap.
2. The Finns do not attach the cladding hidden, but along the outside of the panel. This solution further enhances the structural rigidity of the building.
3. The cladding is usually painted in two stages. The first is priming the wood, the second is painting in 2-3 layers.

Interesting fact– before painting, the Scandinavians “fluff” the board a little. The presence of pile contributes to the formation of a thicker and more durable protective layer.

The interior design of Finnish frame houses is not much different from the American approach. Typically, walls are sheathed with gypsum board for wallpapering, painting, and wood finishing. Taking into account the characteristics of the foundation and the presence of a “warm floor” system, the first floor is tiled.

Roof technology

The floors and roof structure are based on factory-made trusses. The Finnish-built rafter system is designed in such a way that all the loads are borne by the external walls of the house. Load-bearing partitions in Scandinavian frames are rather an exception to the rule.

Attic and attic floors are also assembled from trusses of impressive size. Structurally they are made as a single element formed from the walls of the second floor, floors and rafter systems.

The dimensions and weight of the trusses do not allow installation to be carried out independently; lifting equipment is used for the work. Rafter system for compact country house can be assembled on site using factory blanks. The roof frame material is laminated veneer lumber.

For coating use hard and soft materials: roof tiles different types, seam roofing, etc. Under roofing covering create a ventilation gap by installing a counter-lattice made of slats or bars on top of the waterproofing film.

The roof and interfloor ceilings are insulated with mineral wool thermal insulation materials, minimum thickness interlayers – 30 cm.

Connection of communication systems

Features of arrangement of various engineering networks:

1. Heating. The first floor is heated through warm water floors in the foundation, the second and attic floors are heated through radiators. Coolant supply from any water heating boiler.
2. Water supply. As in a traditional house, two solutions are possible: a central water supply or water supply from your own source (well, well).
3. Sewerage. Sewage pipes are laid at the stage of laying the foundation, the depth is about 0.5-1 m, the slope is 2 cm per linear meter. The diameter of the sewer pipeline is 110 mm. Septic tanks are used to drain and collect wastewater.
4. Electrics. The power supply system consists of two networks: internal and external. Supply of current from the pole through the air with mandatory grounding of the input point into the house. Internal system– a set of sockets, switches, current consumers and a panel. The development of a current distribution circuit should be entrusted to professionals.
5. Ventilation. The best option– supply and exhaust complex with recovery. For a country house for seasonal residence, a budget solution is suitable - supply wall valves and mechanical hoods in the kitchen and bathroom.

Finnish houses are better than frame houses built using Canadian or American technology suitable for countries with cold climates. The main principles of Scandinavian housing construction: maximum energy efficiency, practicality and rational use of space.

Video: modular housing construction technology

The construction of frame buildings began in European countries several centuries ago. Its essence was to create a frame from beams and then seal it with boards of various profiles.

Due to the massive migration of Europeans to Canada, the problem of rapid construction of housing arose. But the northern part of Canada is practically no different in climate from Finland and the northern latitudes of Russia. In connection with such conditions, arose new technology quick construction of houses at any time of the year, without pouring a solid foundation.

Frame houses

What are modern frame houses, the technology of which came from the northern latitudes of the American continent and was improved in Finland?

IN northern regions In Russia, for many centuries, log buildings were erected, which were assembled from hewn logs like modern construction toys. Such a house does not require a solid foundation, but its construction is carried out in warm weather, and a period for shrinkage is required. Therefore, construction begins in the spring with the arrival of warmth and is completed in the fall, when the laid logs are completely dry sag by several centimeters.

Stages of building a frame house

During construction frame house First, a structure is erected in shape and size in accordance with the future structure. The structure consists of beams that have been pre-dried and subsequently do not shrink. Therefore, immediately after its construction, you can begin installing the walls.

The walls of a frame house are a multi-layered pie consisting of a shell, several layers of insulation and waterproofing. When constructing a traditional frame structure, the structure is first clad from the outside, forming the façade of the building.

A layer of waterproofing material is strengthened on the resulting shields. The next layer of thermal insulation may consist of fibrous materials of varying thickness. It all depends on the material used.

Felt was used several decades ago, now it is used mineral wool and other heat insulators obtained artificially. But modern thermal insulation material its characteristics are not inferior to natural ones and even exceed some parameters. The heat insulation layer was again laid waterproofing material and sheathed with thin boards forming the inner surface of the walls of the building.

Frame houses are built using Finnish technology from ready-made blocks in the most short terms, no need to use wet building materials, which is beneficial for construction at any time of the year. In most cases, the use of treated boards does not require subsequent finishing of the facades and interior of the building. But this is a technology based on the Canadian method and its essence is to build a house from starting materials at the construction site. Finnish technology is more advanced, and the house is built from ready-made panels.

Finnish technology

In Finland, until some time, the construction of houses differed little from the construction technologies in the northern part of Russia, but soon Canadian technology came to Europe. The Finns improved the technology and the so-called Finnish frame houses appeared, which have been known in our country since the times of the Soviet Union.

In most cases, under the word “ Finnish house ik" meant a panel wooden structure assembled from ready-made panels. Often such houses, built during the era of socialism, were built in violation of technology and were not particularly popular. The floor was cold, despite the heat in the middle level of the room.

Modern manufacturers have improved the technology and began to use original materials allowing to create reliable thermal insulation at all levels of the structure.

Wall panels are manufactured at woodworking or specialized enterprises and delivered ready-made to the construction site. Unlike products of past times, modern designs of frame-panel houses built using Finnish technology can contain built-in communications.

When installing the shield, the manufacturer uses treated boards with a tenon joint, which serves as an additional guarantee of strength and protection from wind and moisture. The wood is treated with special solutions and becomes resistant to rotting and high temperatures.

Treated wood used to make shields does not burn and is not subject to rot or insects. Despite this treatment, modern frame houses using technology developed in Finland, manufactured at a specialized enterprise, are environmentally friendly and do not emit harmful substances into the surrounding air.

Due to the massive spread of new technologies, frame houses are gradually replacing other types of structures. Modern Finnish frame houses, the designs of which are created by high-class specialists, have gained recognition in many countries, and are gradually conquering not only the northern latitudes, but are in demand in the central and southern regions.

Advantages of frame houses

Comparing buildings made of brick, concrete, foam blocks and even traditional timber with a house built using Finnish technology, many advantages can be noted. One of the advantages of such structures is their low cost, ease of assembly of parts, speed of construction and high environmental and microclimatic qualities.

For example, frame house with walls 0.2 m thick, energy savings can be equivalent to:

• brick house with wall thickness up to 0.8 m;
• a house made of foam concrete with walls up to 0.6 m;
• log or timber house with beam thickness up to 0.35 m.

It should be noted that frame houses, the designs of which were drawn up by specialists and built in compliance with all technological requirements, are much cheaper than other building designs of a similar area. Frame technology allows the construction of a structure of several floors and the seismic strength of such buildings is not inferior to concrete buildings, as proven by earthquakes in Japan. Lately, even the pragmatic Japanese are switching to technology frame construction, and at the same time they use Finnish technology.

Classmates

A frame house is one of the most affordable and budget options suburban construction.

But as soon as it is laid, an equally important stage begins: the device, which in such buildings has its own characteristics.

You should definitely study them before you start. construction work to avoid in the near future overhaul the entire structure.

For a frame house Frame wall structures have only two types:

1. Bearers, which have increased resistance to impacts and mechanical loads: both vertical and horizontal. They are usually made from solid board or giant I-beams. Doorways in load-bearing walls they are assembled using at least 2 jumpers, fastened with nails in 2 rows, which avoids their deformation.
2. Non-structural (internal), which serve as partitions to divide a building into rooms and are not designed to support the weight of the building. The lintels above the doorways in such cases must have a width equal to the width of the vertical posts and be made of material more than 40 mm thick.

Reference! Internal partitions intended for zoning living space are often made from timber measuring 40x100, since they do not require a thick layer of insulation. For load-bearing walls, materials with a cross-section of at least 50x150, and preferably 50x250, are taken in order to be able to increase the thickness of the thermal insulation layer.

Materials

What material are the walls of frame houses assembled from? If you have chosen frame houses for your home: wall material can be completely different.

It is determined not only by aesthetic properties, but also by the ability to withstand certain loads, climatic and relief features of the site, weight and other characteristics.

For the construction of wooden frame walls and partitions, the following are mainly used:

1. Wooden beam made from wood coniferous species or maple. Its cross section has square shape, A standard size is 150x150. More thick timber(150x200 and 200x200) ideal for multi-storey buildings or houses with an attic.
2. Edged board from coniferous wood. The cross section of the racks is usually 50x150.
3. Wooden I-beam, which is two timber beams fastened with a jumper made of OSB board. It allows you to freely adjust the shelves depending on the thickness of the insulation and the size of the foundation. According to experts, the use of such material minimizes the risk of frame deformation during shrinkage of the structure and provides better thermal insulation.
4. Materials for external and internal cladding of the frame. These include both standard wooden boards and prefabricated panel-type structures made from OSB boards, hydrophobic plywood or boards. And the use of magnesite sheets is also allowed. It is important that the materials are well dried and free of cracks and defects, which can subsequently cause shrinkage and destruction of the house. As antifungal protection, they must be treated with special antiseptic compounds.
5. . They come in soft types - insulation based on fiberglass, basalt wool - and hard - polystyrene foam and its extruded modification - type.
6. Finishing materials. These include vinyl and metal siding. The latter is characterized by increased strength, is easy to install and has increased resistance to corrosion. Vinyl siding attracts with its lighter weight and large selection of colors, but is afraid of temperature changes and direct sun rays. Also often used is a block house (calibrated boards with an oval transverse profile and a locking connection, which outwardly completely resemble a rounded log) and imitation timber (panels with rectangular cross-section and beveled corners). Frame houses decorated with artificial stone, acrylic coatings and decorative plaster.
7. , designed to protect the house from blowing and moisture. She looks like roll material, resembling a film, but at the same time vapor-permeable to prevent the insulation in the wall from freezing during the winter season. Mostly for these purposes, they buy a diffusion membrane for waterproofing.
8. Vapor barrier, which is used as a vapor barrier membrane.

Reference! According to one of innovative technologies, load-bearing frame The buildings are entirely made of galvanized thermal profiles, and the internal insulation is shotcrete concrete or foam concrete. This makes it easy to build a strong and reliable house with a number of floors from 1 to 5.

Technologies

A frame house can be erected in various ways, since today several are known effective technologies creating its walls. The most popular among them are: wall construction of a frame house using Finnish and Canadian technology. Their differences lie in the fact that, in accordance with the Scandinavian method, wall panels are assembled directly at the construction site, but construction technologies from Canada, they suggest installing a frame from ready-made SIP panels (frame-panel technology).

Finnish

Finnish looks like this:

1. A frame made of timber is mounted on it, after which it is assembled.
2. The panels are assembled using OSB boards, which cover the wall spans both from the inside and from the outside.
3. A heat-insulating layer is installed, after which a subfloor is laid on the ceiling.
4. The main components of the structure are connected to each other with metal brackets and beams are installed interfloor ceilings.
5. On the interfloor floor, the second floor wall panels are assembled and installed vertically.
6. The roof rafters are mounted, a waterproofing layer is secured to them and the roof is laid.
7. Carry out interior and exterior finishing work.

Canadian

When designing a building According to Canadian technology, the work algorithm is as follows:

1. A strip foundation is poured onto which panels and floor beams are mounted.
2. Beams are placed in the gaps, which are connected to each other, and the gaps are insulated using polyurethane foam.
3. After installing the ceiling, the walls are installed, starting from the corners. IN two-story houses Installation of interfloor ceilings and walls of the second floor is being carried out. In this case, the panels are attached to the beams with self-tapping screws every 10-15 cm. All joints are reliably sealed using polyurethane foam. Fastening is carried out according to the tenon-groove principle, and the thermal gap between the wall panels is 3-5 mm. At the same time, window and door openings are made.
4. The final stage is installation of the roof.

Device

What is the wall of a frame house made of?

No matter how elegant the design of your frame house is, and no matter what expensive materials are used, the design of a frame wall with insulation, especially a load-bearing one, will be almost identical.

It is multi-layered and in construction jargon is called a “sandwich” or “pie”.

So, the frame wall: the structure consists of layers:

1. Directly to the frame.
2. Internal finishing layer.
3. Vapor barrier layer.
4. Insulation.
5. Waterproof layer.
6. OSB boards.
7. Exterior decorative finishing.

Important! The internal partitions of a building are much easier to make: the frame wall diagram contains only frame posts, a thermal insulation layer, a vapor barrier membrane installed on both sides, and plasterboard or OSB board.

The right frame wall pie can be very different and depends both on the wishes and financial capabilities of the owner, and on external conditions and internal loads to which the structure will be subjected. Let's look at the structure of the walls of a frame house in detail. The most common options:

1. Frame wall pie with mineral wool. The correct wall pie of a frame house with mineral wool is ideal for buildings that must have good sound insulation. To do this, the wall frame is sheathed on the outside with chipboards and lined on the outside waterproofing film. Mineral wool is attached on top of it, which can be supplemented with extruded polystyrene foam. A vapor barrier membrane layer is installed on top of the thermal insulation layer (from the inside): it is secured with a stapler. Then the lathing is installed to better retain the heat-insulating layer and the final finishing walls. It is important that moisture does not penetrate deep into the wall, since this will lead to the loss of mineral wool, which is highly hygroscopic, of its insulating properties.
2. Pie wall of a frame house with ecowool. It is considered the safest for human health, since ecowool is completely safe and provides breathability inside the wall, preventing the formation of condensation. This insulation is lightweight and has excellent heat-shielding properties. The “pie” itself consists of the following layers: an internal finishing layer, a vapor barrier film, frame elements, ecowool (it is evenly blown over the entire surface of the wall, which avoids joints, as in the case of other insulation, and the penetration of cold into the house), a windproof membrane and external finishing layer, which separates the ventilation gap from the previous one.
3. Pie wall of a frame house with basalt insulation. This is not a cheap solution, however, basalt wool not only has good heat and sound insulation properties, but is also resistant to vibration, mold and mildew. The composition of the frame wall in this case will be standard: internal finishing, vapor barrier, frame structure, basalt filler, windproof membrane and external finishing.
4. Pie frame wall with OSB (or OSB). Such slabs are used to give walls greater rigidity and stability. The classic arrangement of layers, which ensures optimal moisture removal and “breathing” properties, looks like this: interior finishing, vapor barrier layer, insulation (mineral wool or other), frame supports, OSB board, windproof layer, ventilation gap, exterior finishing.
5. “Pie” with Izoplat panels. Lately they are very popular among builders because they reliably protect the wall from moisture penetration, provide additional protection from the cold and completely replace wind and water protection. In a frame house, the layers of walls are arranged as follows: interior finishing, vapor barrier film, thermal insulation layer, frame posts, Isoplat panels, sheathing, external finishing.
6. “Pie” according to the EIFS system. The structural elements of the building frame often become a kind of “bridges” of cold, which requires additionally - the formation of a polystyrene foam cocoon on their outer side. The composition of the wall of a frame house in this case will be as follows: interior decoration, vapor barrier, frame layer with mesh, rigid polystyrene foam boards PSB-S 25F, wind protection and a layer of exterior finishing.

Important! In the above versions of the “pie” windproof layer means a layer consisting of waterproofing and wind protection. Since there must be a layer of waterproofing on the outside of the wall, which protects the insulation from external moisture.

Drawings, diagrams and sections

If you are going to build a frame structure yourself, You can’t do without a detailed drawing, which will show the frame wall in section..

This will allow you to clearly imagine the location and installation order of all load-bearing structures and internal partitions and avoid the most common mistakes.

Important! The drawings clearly indicate not only the options for connecting structural elements to each other, but also the layout of utility lines.

For the most part modern drawings of the walls of a frame house are made in specialized computer programs , where parameters such as type and location of load-bearing walls and partitions, number of rooms, external parameters such as humidity, type of soil, average temperature in a given area, etc.

The diagram and structure of the wall of a frame house necessarily contains the following:

1. Type of wall and its dimensions.
2. The nuances of the structural connection of walls with each other, as well as with the floor and roof.
3. Location of window and doorways.
4. The sequence of layers (thermal insulation, vapor barrier, etc.), their thickness, installation features and type of materials for each of them.

Nodes

What is a wall assembly of a frame house?

The wall of a frame structure consists of the following components, the nuances of which you should know:

1. Connecting the wall to the floor in a frame house. The frame wall posts must be nailed with 3 nails measuring 90 mm, and this is done through the post into the joist. This applies to load-bearing structures. If the wall is located on a joist frame or lintel, then the third nail is driven into them. In the case of partitions, one 90 mm nail driven into each joist is sufficient.

2. Connecting the walls of a frame house. To provide reliable connection frame walls - connect the side and front walls of the building; in the side frame it is necessary to make an additional post, deployed perpendicular to the corner post frame structure located on the edge. This will allow you to correctly form internal corner and simplify the process of finishing with plywood or OSB boards.

3. Corner of frame wall. Simply connecting beams with a section of 150x150 (or boards with a section of 50x150) in a corner is fraught with freezing in winter time. Therefore, the angle is made according to the 2+1 scheme. A third one is nailed to one of the outer posts of the frame structure, which is turned 90 degrees. You can also strengthen the structure by adding a fourth board.

Two posts are connected parallel to each other or at a slight angle using 5 90 mm nails with a distance of 6 cm between them. Before finishing the corner, it is necessary to put insulation.

4. Ukosina. This is one of the most important elements walls, which gives it spatial rigidity and avoids distortions in the structure. They are cut into both the lower and upper trim strictly at an angle not exceeding 45-60 degrees. They must be used if it is not planned to cover the panels of the house with plywood or OSB boards. It can be wooden with a section of 25x100, 50x150 or metal.

5. Window and door openings.

Important! In Canadian and Finnish technology they are amplified slightly differently, so these nuances should be taken into account.

In Canadian technology, double racks are used when creating them. Shortened racks are mounted under and above the opening, the distance between which remains the same as between the main racks. A header is placed above the opening, made of doubled or tripled boards 10-25 cm high, depending on the width of the opening and the beam load. Horizontal boards are also installed under the opening, cutting the additional rack in half: they will support the weight of the window.

In the case of doorways or the use of Finnish technology, instead of a header, a crossbar is installed - a board placed on the edge, which cuts in front bottom trim at the very top of the frame racks both inside and outside. The crossbar can be either single or triple. For it, take boards measuring 50x200 mm.

6. Connection of wall and roof. The racks are mounted strictly perpendicular to the wall, but can be parallel in partitions or on the roof gable. The beams must be monolithic, and in external corners wall frame At least 2 racks should be placed.

7. Connection between wall and ceiling. Shown above in the figure for point 1.

Photo

Sectional view of the wall of a frame house: photos are presented below.

Useful video

How to make a frame wall pie is additionally described in the video below:

Conclusions

Construction of the wall of a frame house is a rather important and painstaking process, but with the desire and desire to learn and take into account any nuances, even a non-professional builder can handle it without any problems.