Fruit and berry trees and shrubs: varieties with descriptions. Fruit trees and shrubs for a garden plot: photos and names Description of varieties of fruit trees

Fruit trees include all fruit crops that have a tree-like shape. As a rule, they have one trunk, but there may be exceptions with several trunks (for example, figs or mulberries).

There are certain requirements for growing such plants. You will find tips and practical recommendations for choosing a place, landing and further care for them in this article.

The best fruit trees for the garden - names and photos

By botanical classification, majority fruit trees belong to the class Rosaceae (for example, apple, pear, cherry, etc.). Mulberry plants include figs and mulberries. In addition, this category includes nut crops (hazel, hazelnuts, walnuts).

As a group of plants, they are very sensitive to growing conditions, although they are quite easy to breed in an ordinary garden.

Basic soil and condition requirements include:

• High-quality soil drainage with optimal moisture;
• Sufficient amount of sun;
• Deep tillage.

When growing such crops, the harvest can be obtained only after a few years, unlike other agricultural plants. However, in the future, the fruiting period lasts for decades.

Among the wide variety of fruit trees, it is difficult to single out the best, but we will try to describe the most popular and unpretentious ones that are suitable for growing in any climate. Apple and pear trees are considered the most popular, and by choosing the right variety, you can enjoy juicy fruits from the beginning of summer until late autumn. Among stone fruit crops, cherries and plums are especially popular, which are distinguished by high productivity and frost resistance. Also found in gardens fruit bushes- raspberries, honeysuckle and sea buckthorn, walnuts, petioles, mulberries and cherry plums. In general, we can say that the choice of fruit trees and shrubs for the garden depends entirely on the tastes of the site owner, and a wide variety of modern hybrids allows you to choose varieties that are resistant to cold and drought.

Site selection and site preparation

Especially carefully approach the choice of a landing site. The site should be sufficiently sunny and humid. In addition, it is necessary to properly prepare the soil. An approximate layout of trees, bushes and outbuildings is shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1. From left to right: the location of the orchard and buildings on a standard household plot, the main recommendations for planting and seedling storage technology

First of all, perennial weeds are removed. To do this, you can simply dig up the ground and remove the weed roots, or use special herbicides. In some cases, even after weeding and processing, weeds remain. In this situation, herbicide treatment is repeated after planting, choosing products that are safe for the fruit crop.

Note: In addition, trees protect from birds. Unfortunately, it is impossible to organize protection with large specimens, but for dwarf crops, you can make a cage of metal wire.

As a place, you can use not only open areas, but also an area near walls or fences. For example, cherries grow well near the northern walls, and certain varieties of plums, protected from the wind by the wall, bear fruit even better than in open areas. For figs, choose the warmest wall. Practical recommendations bookmark orchard are shown in the video.

How to plant a tree

The yield directly depends on the quality of planting. First of all, you need to properly prepare the soil (dig and remove weeds). For one tree, a plot of one square meter is allocated. The soil is checked for acidity. If it is below 5.8, additional lime is added to the soil.

Note: Before planting a seedling, bone meal is introduced into the dug hole and mineral fertilizers. The choice of location also plays an important role. It is better to spend it during rest, that is in early spring when the soil has not warmed up much. If you plan to grow in a pot or tub, planting is carried out year-round.

If the seedlings were obtained at the wrong time, they are dug a little in a calm area or placed in a room without heating (for example, in a barn or garage), wrapping the roots with wet straw and a bag.

In the future, landing occurs according to the following principle:

• At the site, stakes are driven into the ground (in light soil to a depth of 60 cm, in heavy soil - 45 cm);
• The height and number of stakes are chosen depending on the breed. For example, for high grades, stakes should be up to 2.5 meters high, and for dwarf breeds, meter stakes are enough. In addition, for specimens with a wide crown (for example, for sweet cherries), several stakes are installed on both sides of the trunk. The top of the stakes should be a few inches below the crown to avoid damaging the branches.
• Bonsai trees constantly need support in the form of stakes. For high grades, stakes are needed only in the first five years, after which they can be removed. The trunk is pre-staggered to make sure it is securely fixed in the soil.

On the day of planting, they dig a hole of sufficient size. The straightened roots of the seedling should be freely located in it. A small hill is poured in the center of the pit. The soil from the bottom of the pit is mixed with manure or compost (Figure 2).

The further order of landing is as follows:

• Long or broken roots are trimmed;
• The seedling is placed in the center of the pit, 5-7 cm from the supporting stake;
• To prevent the scion from taking root, it should be located at least 10 cm from the surface;
• The pit is covered with earth, supporting the seedling vertically. First you need to sprinkle the roots with the upper, more fertile layer of soil, and then the rest of the earth. At the final stage, the earth is rammed;
• Next, carry out mulching with manure, peat or compost. To prevent the trunk of the seedling from becoming infected with the fungus, a free space with a diameter of several centimeters is left around it.
• The tree must be tied to a stake. If the seedling is one year old, a small rope will be enough, and two-year-old seedlings need to be more securely fixed. At the same time, a gasket is placed between the rope or wire and the bark to prevent damage to the bark. Short ones are tied in one place, and tall ones - in two.

Figure 2. The right technology for planting fruit trees

If there is a possibility that the bark of the seedling will be damaged by hares or other rodents, they are fenced with a wire mesh. The ligaments are checked annually and loosened periodically as the tree grows.

Special technology should be observed if the seedling is planted against the wall. If the soil is poor and poorly drained, pipes or a well should be laid, and the poor soil is enriched with sod, manure or fertilizer. When planting against the wall, indent 30 cm, and after that the young tree is regularly watered. Watch the video to learn expert fit tips fruit trees.

Tree care in the garden

Fruit trees grow slowly, but if you want to get bountiful harvest, you need to take care of the garden from the very beginning of planting seedlings in the ground. In addition to standard watering, top dressing and preventive spraying, it is worth highlighting special care measures, which will be described below.

Rootstock selection

Most popular fruit trees (apple, plum, pear, cherry and apricot) grow too tall when using seed rootstocks. To limit the height, rootstocks of dwarf breeds are used.

For example, a pear can be grafted onto a quince to limit its growth. Figure 3 shows the growth patterns of pears and cherries using rootstocks different varieties.

Figure 3. Scheme of growth of fruit trees (pears and cherries) using certain rootstocks

The main problem with the choice of rootstocks arises with cherries. Recently, breeders have created a dwarf hybrid, but it still does not give the necessary level of growth restriction.

Pruning and crown shaping

Pruning is a necessary stage in growing a garden, as properly carried out pruning allows you to save the vitality of the plant and high level productivity.

Each fruit crop has its own standards and technology for pruning and shaping. At first glance, they may seem complicated, but clearly performing step by step instructions, even a novice gardener will be able to prune. Basic pruning recommendations are shown in Figure 4.

Trimming terminology plays an important role:

• Skeletal branches of the first order extend directly from the trunk. Skeletal branches of the second order depart from them;
• The central conductor (leader) is a continuation of the trunk, namely, its upper part;
• Overgrowing branches - lateral short branches that are covered with buds and flowers. To stimulate their growth, a special pruning technology is used.

Figure 4. Scheme of branches and pruning technology of fruit plants

There is also a certain classification of kidneys. Floral in the process of growth change into flowers, and growth - into young shoots.

artificial pollination

Many varieties of fruit trees cannot self-pollinate. That is, when planting only one plant of a certain variety, a crop will not be obtained. That is why, when creating a garden, several seedlings of the same or different varieties are planted nearby so that cross pollination bees. When forming a garden, information on compatibility and the most effective pollinators should be taken into account.

Note: From a biological point of view, pollination is the transfer of pollen from the male organ (stamen) to the female organ (pistil). In the stigma of the pistil, fertilization occurs and the fruit appears. Typically, fertilization occurs by insects and wind, but some crops require hand pollination.

The time of flowering and, accordingly, pollination, differs depending on the variety. If flowers bloom at the same time, pollination may occur cross-pollination. However, there are varieties with mutual incompatibility. In this case, pollination will not occur. In addition, there are so-called inefficient pollinators (in particular, some types of apple and pear trees).

• Most fruit trees have a double (paired) set of chromosomes. But there are also species with a set of chromosomes that is one and a half times higher than the norm. These are poor pollinators and are planted next to two paired plants.
• Poor pollinators also include trees that bloom only once every two years.
• Cherries are excellent pollinators and self-pollinate well. It is good to plant cherries near cherries, as they are pollinated by them.
• Pollination of apricots and peaches is best done by hand. They do the same with walnut crops, but periodic pruning is sufficient for them, since shaking the branches contributes to the dispersion of pollen. You can also pollinate grapes by shaking the vines during flowering.

If the trees are grown in a greenhouse, pollination is carried out only by hand, since insects cannot enter the room. To check the readiness of pollen, it is enough to run your finger over the flower. If yellow lumps remain on the hand, you can start pollinating.

Figure 5. Manual pollination technology for fruit crops

For manual pollination, take a soft brush or cotton swab, carefully collect pollen from the stamens and transfer it to the pistils. If the plant has heterosexual flowers, you need to pick the male one, remove the petals from it and attach it to the center of all female flowers (Figure 5). To increase efficiency, manual pollination is carried out daily until the end of flowering. It is important that pollination can be carried out only in the middle of the day in consistently dry and warm weather.

In the hands of caring gardeners, berry bushes can become a real decoration of the site. Lovingly grown fruits will delight you with a delicious harvest throughout the season.

Arrangement garden plot not without fruit and berry bushes and trees. In a garden with a beautiful landscape design there should be a place for a berry bush: raspberries, gooseberries, currants, sea buckthorn, honeysuckle, blackberries, blueberries, shadberries. We offer you an overview of the most popular shrubs.

Raspberry

Surely you have heard about the wonderful. It is hard to imagine that raspberry bushes used to grow exclusively in forests. And only a few centuries later they began to breed it in garden plots. Raspberries have many advantages, in the garden it is simply necessary. Shrubs, depending on the variety, have red berries, yellow and purple-black are less common.

Varieties of raspberries

• Traditional varieties of early, medium and late ripening. Adapt to any conditions. The disadvantage is low productivity.
• Large-fruited are considered high-yielding. Allow to grow berries weighing up to 12 grams each.
• The most popular are remontants. Fruiting begins in the first year.

Features of care

Berry shrub requires regular watering, loosening and. Landing is done in spring or autumn. For the winter, the soil around the bush is insulated. In the spring, it is necessary to trim and garter. All of the above measures will be useless if you do not protect the bush from diseases.

Harvest with gloves, as the bushes of many varieties have thorns on the branches.

Gooseberry

Gooseberries are often called northern grapes or Russian cherry plums. Unpretentious culture gives good harvests. Bushes feel great in lighted areas. Afraid of shade and waterlogging. You can find gooseberries in almost all regions. Bushes begin to bear fruit from the third year. Berries can be green, yellow or red-brown. There are at least 1500 varieties

Unlike currants, gooseberries are not afraid of drought.

gooseberry varieties

• European varieties - praised for their high palatability. The disadvantage is instability to disease and frost.
• American - not afraid of drought, give a good harvest. The size of the berries are inferior to European varieties.
• Hybrid - combine all the best. In garden plots are considered the most common.

Features of care

Gooseberries do not tolerate acidic soils, it is recommended to add garden compost, lime to the planting trench. Bushes are planted in September. When planting in the spring, the plant may die. Old and dry branches must be pruned. Harvest gooseberries as they ripen. Because of the thorns on the branches, it is best to do this with gloves.

Blackberry

In the garden, blackberries are grown relatively recently, before they could only be found in the wild.

In terms of taste, it surpassed raspberries. A shrub with a perennial rhizome was not in demand because of the sharp thorns. However, thanks to the breeders appeared. It has an external resemblance to a black raspberry. Tastes sour.

Blackberry varieties

• upright blackberry- is considered the most common. Bushes give a good harvest and save space on the site.
• Semi-creeping varieties are extremely rare. Experienced gardeners recommend planting this variety.
• Repair blackberry - allows you to harvest 2 crops per season: June, August.

Features of care

Gives a rich harvest on well-fed land. In straight-growing varieties, it is necessary to tie up young stems. Blackberries are planted in a trench strictly along the line, otherwise care may be difficult. During the fruiting period, the bushes need to be watered abundantly.

Honeysuckle

Edible varieties of honeysuckle are popularly called "rejuvenating berries". The name appeared not by chance, since the berries contain the element of youth - selenium. Shrubs bloom beautifully, so they are often used for decorative purposes. However, to a greater extent, the berry is valued as a useful storehouse of vitamins.

Ripens in mid-May. The berry has a slightly bitter specific taste.

Varieties of honeysuckle

• Long-fruited honeysuckle - medium-sized bushes are distinguished by a cylindrical shape of berries.
• Hybrid varieties - bred by breeders by crossing varieties of berries.
• Mid-late varieties - allow you to harvest honeysuckle until late autumn.

Features of care

Bushes do not tolerate shade well. When choosing a landing site, it is better to give preference to sunny places. Suitable for planting, both in autumn and spring. In the spring, this must be done before the start of the growing season. Honeysuckle grows slowly so that the bush takes root and bears fruit well, it is fed.

Bushes aged 6-8 years require sanitary pruning. Dead branches must be removed. Young shoots do not need to be pruned.

Currant

Perennial currant shrubs can be found in garden plots and forest plantations. Berries are famous for their taste and useful properties. Unpretentious care bushes allow you to collect rich harvests. It is almost impossible to choose one single variety for the site. The best option will be the cultivation of several species at once. Seedlings adequately overcome the harsh natural disasters in a cold winter.

Varieties of currant

• Blackcurrant of early, medium and late ripening. Large-fruited varieties are considered the most popular.
• Red currant - differs in more weighty clusters. Bushes can grow without transplanting up to 20 years.
• White currant - the variety is not inferior to red in taste and benefits.
• Hybrid varieties - bred by breeding varieties of gooseberries and currants.

Features of care

Yields well in well-drained soil. Cannot be planted in an acidic environment. During the growing season loosening of the soil is required. Do not allow the soil to dry out; in dry weather, it is necessary to provide watering.

In autumn, you need to rejuvenate the bushes by trimming outdated branches.

Blueberry

In many regions, it is considered a rare growing berry. More often it can be found in the wild. Among gardeners, there is a growing interest in growing promising varieties on their plots. With proper care, you can have a good harvest of healthy berries.

Blueberries look like blueberries.

Varieties of blueberries

• Tall varieties - feel good as a hedge. Their bushes are branched, the berries have an intense, blue or blue color.
• Low-growing blueberry - blooms luxuriantly in spring, pleases with excellent yields and neat bushes.
• Southern varieties - were eaten out by hybridization for growing in arid climates.

Features of care

At home, it is better to grow not wild, but more adapted cultivated varieties. Bushes take root well, regardless of the method of planting by seeds or by dividing the bush. Pruning is carried out on adult bushes, starting from 5-6 years of plant life.

Blueberries are very whimsical to the soil, it needs to create fertile conditions.

Sea ​​buckthorn

Sea buckthorn bushes can be found near water bodies, which is why they are often called "sea thorn". Experienced gardeners manage to successfully grow it on their plots. The use of berries is very wide, they are mainly used for medicinal purposes. Sea buckthorn oil is considered especially valuable.

Sea buckthorn varieties

• Early, middle and late ripening - garden varieties sea ​​buckthorn.
• Botanical grade - practically has no thorns.
• Large-fruited varieties - sweeter in taste, do not have thorns.

Features of care

The bush will bear fruit if a female and male specimen of sea buckthorn is planted nearby. For the winter, it requires shelter of the soil; it does not tolerate severe frosts very well. Pruning is carried out in the spring. A bush aged 8-12 years requires rejuvenation under the stump. Watering the plant is not necessary, except in drought.

Irga

A beautiful plant is often used as an ornamental shrub. And only a few know how useful berries grow on it. Having once tasted the berries of the irgi, the gardener will definitely want to plant a bush in his area. The plant is not only useful, but also winter-hardy, withstands harsh weather conditions.

The taste of irgi berries is somewhat reminiscent of cherries.

Varieties of irgi

• Alder-leaved irga - plentifully blooming in spring bush. Leaves turn in autumn bright color. From a plant you can get up to 10 kg of berries.
• Canadian shadberry is a tall tree-like shrub. The berries are fleshy and pleasant in taste.
• Irga blood-red is a slender, medium-sized shrub. The berries are very juicy, with a thin delicate skin.

Features of care

It is considered an unpretentious plant, practically does not require care. Shrubs love abundant watering, especially during the growing season.

The first 2-3 years, it is necessary to form a bush by cutting. At a later age, the plant is rejuvenated.

Berries attract birds, the harvest must be harvested in a timely manner as they ripen.

By planting several varieties of shrubs, you can diversify the range of fruit seedlings in the garden. Regarding the choice of plants, it is so large that it will not be possible to advise something with confidence. Species and varieties must be selected taking into account the individual characteristics of plants.

What summer resident does not dream of having such a garden so that fruits and berries are all year round, and the care is minimal - without frequent pruning, fertilizing, spraying and watering?

To get such an unpretentious garden, you need, first of all, to solve several theoretical problems on the choice of crops, and then move on to practical implementation: plant and ... take care of the garden, landscape, recreation area. And along the way - to harvest the most unpretentious, but very tasty and healthy horticultural crops.

Compiling this list, we were guided by the words of old and experienced gardeners who say: in order to have time in the country for relaxation, you first need to plant such fruit and berry crops that will not require constant care and your attention.

General approaches to creating a garden of unpretentious fruit crops

First of all, you need to make a list and select on the market or in specialized firms seedlings of perennial undemanding crops of well-known and, importantly, well-established varieties in your area.

Easy care varieties fruit crops must be:

• zoned, resistant to the weather vagaries of the region, region (temperature changes, spring frosts, fog, etc.),
• cold-resistant, so as not to bother with their shelter for the winter and opening in the spring every year, if you live in the northern regions,
• be distinguished by longevity, so as not to bother yourself with frequent plantings of new crops,
• not requiring many years of crown formation,
• not requiring annual pruning and garter to supports.

The most unpretentious, but very useful and necessary crops for the garden without the hassle

from fruit trees the most unpretentious are: cherry plum, ranetka apple tree, walnut (walnut, Manchurian, black, heart-shaped, hazel, etc.).

From bush- irga, dogwood and sea buckthorn, which can be formed by trees or left in the form of tall shrubs.

The following berry plants practically do not require care and form fairly high environmentally friendly crops: raspberry, black chokeberry, blackberry, sea buckthorn, shadberry.

Thus, a large part of the garden and berry, consisting of the necessary, but unpretentious plants, will free up time for rest and care for more capricious crops and exotics. Of course, the garden for the “lazy” also requires care, but most of it, at the initial stage, when laying it.

Let's take a closer look at fruit crops that require minimal care.

The Ranetka apple tree is a small-fruited apple variety obtained by crossing the Siberian berry apple tree with European varieties and its hybrids. Ranetka is sometimes called a ranet tree.

For a certain period of time, in the pursuit of exotics and fashionable varieties of fruit trees, the ranet tree was undeservedly forgotten. Today, interest in him has returned and more and more summer residents are growing ranetki in their garden. Ranetki are especially popular in the cold regions of the Far East, in the Urals, in Krasnoyarsk, in Altai, Omsk, Novosibirsk, and the Leningrad Region.

In the regions of the European part of the Russian Federation, the CIS and others, acquaintance with the lovely "inch" is just beginning, although today breeders have introduced more than 100 varieties and hybrids into the culture.

Ranetki are leading among unpretentious garden crops in their attitude to winter weather disasters, low temperatures, and care.

Ranetki features

The main feature that distinguishes the ranet apple tree in the family is small fruit (the fruit has a mass of 10-15 g). Through the efforts of breeders, the "ranetka" variety was obtained by crossing the Siberian berry apple tree (the second name is the berry apple tree) or its hybrids with European large-fruited varieties or hybrids (Chinese).

Ranetka were transferred and assigned to other varieties and hybrids best qualities wild Siberian apple tree, which can withstand frosts down to -55°C.

The varieties of ranetki obtained as a result of hybridization have high winter hardiness and tolerate frosts of -45 ..-47 ° С. When breeding, they are distinguished by precocity, annual high yields, resistance to diseases and pests. And also: an unusual taste of ranetki jams, jams, dried lozenges, juices, almost no summer worries. Ranetka is a wonderful unpretentious culture and garden decoration!

Useful properties and use of ranetok

Ranetki are exceptionally rich in biologically active substances necessary for a person during the long northern cold months. The content of solids is almost 24%, glucose and fructose - 12%, up to 2% of pectin substances that contribute to the gelling of fruit juices. Pectins enhance the excretion of heavy metals from the human body, stop bleeding, accelerate the healing of stomach ulcers, and have antimicrobial properties.

Ranetki fruits are consumed fresh and for processing. From whole fruits of ranet trees, excellent jams, compotes, and dried fruits are obtained. Ranetki are used as rootstocks when obtaining low-stem crops.

Landing ranetki

When planting a seedling, a runetki fertilizer can not be applied, but it is necessary to provide sufficient area for growth and development. The distance between vigorous varieties of ranetok is determined by an area of ​​​​3.5-4x3.5-4 m and even more. A smaller area, within 3x2 m, is occupied by varieties on dwarf rootstocks.

Ranetka care

During the growing season, ranetki practically do not require care. In prolonged dry weather, you can water and (if desired) fertilize with 30-50 g nitrophoska / tree.

Any location for a ranetka is suitable, even with shading.

Ranetki propagation is carried out by grafted seedlings.

Varieties of ranetok for summer cottage cultivation

When choosing ranetki varieties, pay attention to Siberian souvenir, Zolotodolinsky, Kulunda, Isaev's memory. Ranetki varieties are distinguished by high winter hardiness. yellow longleg, Tuvinka, Siberian Bagryanka, Gentle Transbaikal, Dobrynya, Ranetka Canning, Titovka hybrid.

At your disposal are more than 100 varieties of ranetki, which are distinguished by exceptionally high winter hardiness.

2. Cherry plum

Cherry plum, or Plum splayed, is one of the initial forms when the home plum appears.

Transcaucasia and Front (South-West) Asia are considered to be the birthplace of wild cherry plum. Cherry plum began to be domesticated around the 10th-13th centuries. Over time, the distribution area reached the countries of Western Europe and Asia. Currently, cherry plum is cultivated in regions with a suitable climate in Asia Minor and Central Asia, in the Baltic states, Belarus, Moldova, Primorye, and Ukraine.

Cherry plums are successfully grown in gardens and dachas in the northern regions of Asian Russia. Cherry plum is practically not damaged during prolonged cold weather in the Moscow region, the Central and North-Western regions of the Russian Federation and the countries of the European part of the continent.

In order to guarantee the harvest of a ripe fruit crop, they mainly grow early varieties of cherry plum.

Cherry plum features

Cherry plum is one of the ancestors of the domestic plum. It differs from real plums in smaller fruits and high acidity. For this feature, cherry plum, for example, is used instead of vinegar for winter harvesting. The culture is very unpretentious and quickly takes root in any conditions. It doesn't care about the type of soil. The culture is drought- and frost-resistant. Varieties obtained from crossing cherry plum with thorns have advanced culture to the northern regions of not only Russia, but also European countries, where zoned varieties can withstand frosts down to -32..-36°C without loss.

Useful properties and use of cherry plum

Cherry plum - fruit crop with a high content of sugars, organic acids, carotene, vitamins in fruits. It is used as a fresh product and for canning in the form of compotes, juices, marmalade, jelly, marshmallows, marmalade and even slivyanka (an alcoholic drink).

Cherry plum seedlings from seeds are used as a stock for apricot, peach, and varietal plum.

Planting cherry plum

Certain troubles are caused only by planting cherry plum seedlings. Soils suitable for cherry plum are different, but neutral in pH. Therefore, acidic soils are neutralized with chalk, and gypsum is added to alkaline soils during planting.

Cherry plum roots do not tolerate flooding, therefore better seedlings place on a hill, and at a close occurrence groundwater arrange good drainage or land on an artificial hill. Landing root collar cherry plum should be located above the soil level. AT landing pit pour up to 2 buckets of water, and planting is mulched with a thick layer of straw, high-moor peat, compost, humus, and fine cutting of dry herbs.

Cherry plum care

Cherry plum forms sufficient yields even without care. The culture is practically not damaged by pests, it rarely gets sick. In drought, cherry plum does not drop the ovary.

Naturally, the usual work with cherry plum during the warm season will still need to be done (destroy weeds, water during a long drought, carry out sanitary pruning, do not forget to harvest on time, etc.).

For better pollination in the garden, it is better to plant 2-3 trees different varieties cherry plums. In order not to take up extra space for the garden, it is more practical to choose varieties on a dwarf stock.

Cherry plum is propagated by seeds, its seedlings are used as rootstocks, and also by grafting, like other horticultural crops. It is easy to propagate by layering.

Varieties of cherry plum for growing in the country

Cultivated varieties created by breeders make it possible to grow cherry plum in regions with a fairly cold climate. Breeding techniques have significantly improved the quality of the fruit, but its characteristic sweet and sour taste has not yet been removed.

Early varieties of cherry plum: marquee, Gold of the Scythians, Gift to St. Petersburg, Nesmeyana, Monomakh etc. The fruits ripen in the third decade of July - the first decade of August.

Medium varieties of cherry plum: Sarmatka, apricot, Kuban comet, peach, Carmine Zhukova, Chuk and others. Ripens in the first half of August.

Late varieties of cherry plum: Cleopatra, Huck, Beauty of the Oryol region. The fruits ripen in the third decade of August - the first half of September. Note! In cool summer conditions, these varieties do not always have time to ripen.

Of the proposed varieties of cherry plum, they have increased winter hardiness, low growth (2.5-3.0 m), easy (and not very easy) separation of the stone from the pulp in the following: Cleopatra, Kuban Comet, Zlato Scythov. They withstand the climate of central Russia well.

The cherry plum variety Kubanskaya Kometa is self-fertile, does not require pollinators, it is zoned for the North-Western and Central Black Earth regions.

3. Irga

Irga or Korinka, like the apple tree and cherry plum, belongs to the pink family. As a fruit plant, irga has been known in Europe since the 16th century. At first, irgu was cultivated in England, then in Holland. The berries were used to make wine reminiscent of Cahors.

The distribution area of ​​the shadberry extends over all regions of Western Europe. With success, irga is grown by amateur gardeners in Russia, Belarus, Moldova, and Ukraine.

In Russia, the round-leaved irga is mainly distributed, which initially grew in the Crimea and the Caucasus, and then began to quickly gain popularity in the southern, central and northern regions of the Russian Federation almost everywhere except the Arctic.

Easily tolerates frosts of -40..-50°C, and during the flowering of shadberry, short frosts of -5..-7°C do not harm the flowers at all.

Irgi features

Irga refers to unpretentious garden crops. It easily tolerates drought and frost, does not require watering, is not affected by pests and diseases, annually forms high yields of sweet to cloying fruits.

The unpretentiousness of the irgi is associated with its biological characteristics. The root system of the shadberry occupies an area in the soil much larger than the aerial part and provides the plant with sufficient moisture and nutrients. Irga is responsive to fertilizing and watering, but she can take care of herself on her own.

Irga easily tolerates shearing, shading, high air pollution, strong wind, and can be used as a living fence of the site. Irga is distinguished by its longevity (bushes live up to 70 years), and rapid growth.

Useful properties and application of irgi

Irga is distinguished by a high content of sugars in fruits (up to 12%), organic acids, including ascorbic acid - up to 40%, vitamins. The nutritional and medicinal value of the culture determined its location in the hierarchy of useful berries. Decoctions and tinctures from shadberry leaves, flowers, fruits, bark, both fresh and dried, have a high therapeutic effect. Home medicines increase the elasticity of blood vessels, prevent varicose veins, and lower blood pressure. Decoctions are used for sore throats, disorders and inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract.

Juices, jelly, jams, compotes, wine are prepared from berries of shadberry, they are consumed fresh in summer.

Landing irgi

Irga belongs to early crops, and after planting in a permanent place, it forms a crop for 3-4 years. The best time for planting irgi is autumn. Planting and care are the same as for other fruit-bearing shrubs.

Irgi breeding

Irgu is propagated by seed and vegetative methods. Seedlings obtained from seeds are used as dwarf rootstocks for pears and apple trees.

Vegetatively, irgu is propagated by root growth, division of the bush, cuttings (green cuttings are used).

Irgi varieties for growing in the country

For regions with severe frosts, irgi varieties are suitable. Canadian selection that withstand temperatures down to -45 ° C: Regent, Altaglow, pembina, Slate, Strata, parkhill. In varieties of irgi bluemun and bluesun in separate, especially cold winters with prolonged frosts of -37 ..-38 ° C, the tips of the shoots freeze slightly, which quickly recover after pruning.

In the southern regions, the conditions of central and central Russia and other regions of the CIS with the same climate, varieties of irgi grow and bear fruit magnificently bluesun, pembina, mendan, Slate, bluemun, Surprise. Some gardeners successfully grow these varieties of shadberry and to the north.

4. Dogwood

Dogwood in the wild is common in the Crimea, Transcarpathia, Moldova, and the Caucasus. Translated into Russian, dogwood means "red" for the scarlet color of fruits saturated with anthocyanins.

The homeland of dogwood is Western Asia, where, in the wild, shrubs occupy significant areas of undergrowth and edges of mountain forests. The onset of very early flowering is typical for dogwood plants - March-April, as soon as daytime temperatures exceed +6 .. + 10 ° С. The growing season of dogwood is long - up to 120 days or more.

Currently, the plant is cultivated in Asia Minor, Southern and Eastern Europe, France, Italy, Japan, China, North America.

Dogwood occupies significant areas in Ukraine and Moldova. It occurs in many regions of Russia with an average winter temperature in the range of -30 ..-35 ° C, distributed in the middle zone of the European and Asian parts of Russia.

dogwood features

Dogwood in natural conditions is formed by a multi-stemmed deciduous shrub. Maintenance-free shrubs and dogwood trees grow in one place for up to 100 years. Drought tolerant and does not require watering even during long dry periods. Diseases and pests do not affect dogwood.

Highly early flowering- a clear decoration in places of distribution of unpretentious dogwood thickets that can withstand frosts down to -30 ..-35 ° С. Dogwood - a good honey plant that does not require complex care, will be a clear help for beekeeping lovers. When the above-ground mass freezes, the dogwood quickly restores the crown from the root shoots.

The fruits of all types of dogwood - drupes, ripening from August to October, have a tart, astringent, sweet and sour taste with a pleasant refreshing aroma. The beauty and elegance of autumn colors dogwood shrubs attract landscape designers who use culture in solitary plantings, hedges.

Useful properties of dogwood

According to the composition of useful substances, especially vitamins, dogwood is superior to mountain ash, lemon and gooseberry. In folk medicine, dogwood fruits and leaves are used for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, colds, inflammation of hemorrhoidal cones. Normalize blood pressure, prevent sclerosis. Good phytoncide. Dogwood is also widely used in the food industry.

Dogwood planting and care

Planting and care are common, as for all shrub crops. Considering that the root system of young plants is shallow (up to 40-50 cm), in the first years the dogwood needs maintenance watering. With age, the need for them disappears.

Dogwood successfully tolerates transplants. Fruiting begins at 5-6 years. To speed it up, the conditions for providing nutrients and moisture are tightened in the second half of the growing season.

dogwood breeding

Dogwood is propagated by seeds, root offspring, grafting, cuttings, layering. At seed propagation the first harvest is formed on the 5th-6th year and is mainly used to obtain a large amount planting material for landscape design. At vegetative reproduction the first crop of dogwood is harvested for 2-3 years.

Dogwood varieties for growing in the country

For cultivation in the country, dogwood varieties have been bred that form large fruits, and of different colors (multi-color, white, blue, blue-violet, bright red).

• Vladimirsky(fruits are red, black-red),
• Vydubetsky(fruits are dark red oval-pear-shaped),
• Grenadier(fruits are red-black oval-cylindrical),
• Evgeniya, Elena(fruits are bright red, almost black, oval-shaped),
• Coral(fruits are pink, yellow, pink-orange, red, wide round),
• Alba(fruits are white)
• Nikolka(very early, red-black fruits),
• Gentle(fruits are yellow, pear-shaped)

and others.

5. Sea buckthorn

Sea buckthorn under natural conditions is represented by a dioecious shrub or trees of medium height. Sea buckthorn belongs to plants whose medicinal properties used by healers in ancient Greece.

Sea buckthorn occupies vast areas in Western and Central Asia, Mongolia, China, Pakistan and India, the Caucasus, and Europe. In Russia, it grows in the European part; in the Asian part, its thickets occupy significant areas in the Western and Eastern Siberia, in Altai. A lot of sea buckthorn in the North Caucasus. Sea buckthorn grows mainly on floodplain soils of rivers and along the shores of lakes, where there is enough moisture and sun. Use the fruits of sea buckthorn as a food product, medicinal and livestock feed.

Features of sea buckthorn

Sea buckthorn is able to endure frosts down to -45°C, which makes it possible to grow it in the coldest regions. It has become widespread due to the high value of the fruits from which sea buckthorn oil is obtained, which is used for medicinal purposes.

Sea buckthorn blooms in May, the fruits ripen in August - September. Refers to early. The first crop can be harvested already in the 3rd year of growth and development.

Useful properties and use of sea buckthorn

Sea buckthorn is a multivitamin culture with a high content of vitamins, minerals, sugars, organic acids, tannins, and fatty oils.

Sea buckthorn fatty oils with unsaturated and saturated fatty acids are used for medicinal purposes in the official pharmacopoeia. From the leaves and bark of sea buckthorn, decoctions and infusions are prepared, which are used in folk medicine to treat many diseases.

Jelly, juices, homemade liqueurs are prepared from the fruits. Leaves and young shoots of sea buckthorn are used for tanning and dyeing leather, as well as fabrics in yellow and black. The powerful root system of sea buckthorn fixes ravine slopes, landslides, and road slopes well.

Sea buckthorn is a very unpretentious culture, and its only downside is rapid reproduction root offspring.

Planting and caring for sea buckthorn

Seedlings and seedlings of sea buckthorn are usually planted in spring or autumn, depending on the climatic conditions of the region. The rest of the care is normal, as for shadberry, dogwood and other shrubs.

Sea buckthorn breeding

Sea buckthorn propagates by seeds, which must necessarily undergo stratification, and vegetatively - by root shoots, cuttings.

Varieties of sea buckthorn for growing in the country.

Breeders have bred more than 40 varieties of sea buckthorn, including large-fruited ones: openwork, pearl, Augustine. Given that sea buckthorn is a dioecious crop, male pollinating varieties have been bred Dwarf and Alley.

For regions with unfavorable conditions (long-term frosts above -38..-40°C), we can recommend sea buckthorn varieties: Darling, Nugget, Inya, Altai, Giant.

For the middle lane - Elizabeth, orange, Fragrant.

6. Raspberry

Raspberries can also be attributed to unpretentious garden crops. With minimal care (planted, watered, harvested, cut off in the fall), this shrub continues to please not very cheerful owners. In the wild, raspberries grow everywhere from the southern outskirts of the European part of the CIS and western countries to cold Siberia in Eurasia.

Raspberries belong to crops that have a broken distribution area, which historically led to different types of plants in this family. But each type of raspberry, having botanical differences, in general, gives a lot of pleasure as a valuable product and an indispensable medicine for colds.

In natural nature, raspberries take raw shady places, forest edges, ravines, but still prefers fertile soils. In dachas, raspberries can be placed in an inconvenient place, where, having fit into the general landscape, for many years it will supply the owners with tasty and healthy berries.

Raspberry Features

Unlike frost-resistant crops, raspberries do not tolerate severe frosts, love snow shelters, but are quickly restored by root offspring. Raspberries are good for unpretentiousness in care and form crops, being generally abandoned.

Useful properties and application of raspberries

Raspberries are widely used in folk medicine for all colds. But official medicine recommends using only common raspberries for the preparation of medicinal decoctions and tinctures. Its varieties should be bred in your rational garden.

Raspberry fruits and leaves are rich in organic acids, a wide range of vitamins and minerals, sugars. They are used as an antipyretic, diaphoretic, antimicrobial agent. A decoction of the roots is a good anti-allergic agent. A decoction of flowers is drunk for neuroses.

Fresh, frozen and dry raspberries are widely used in cooking. Drinks, jams, juices, wine are prepared from fresh berries.

Raspberry care

The most unpleasant property of raspberry bushes is crawling to new habitats. Over time, raspberries can take up the entire small area.

Experienced gardeners recommend planting raspberries in trenches, enclosing the latter with waste slate and other materials to the depth of the bulk of the roots. Regulate raspberry growth in trenches autumn pruning. Another tip: plant raspberries with garlic, then garden bed will be released for other crops, and raspberries prefer not to grow beyond garlic.

During the growing season (especially in dry weather) raspberries need to be watered, but during the hot summer it is still a pleasant concern.

In the summer cottage, it is best to propagate raspberries by dividing the bush and root offspring.

Raspberry varieties for growing in the country

Early varieties of raspberries: early dawn, abundant, Giant, Cascade, Michurinskaya. Variety Yellow Giant or simply Giant- the best for the conditions of the North-West regions. Very convenient for unpretentious garden is an early raspberry variety Mirage. Fruits all summer. It practically does not react to adverse weather conditions. All care is spring pruning by 15-25 cm and loosening of bushes, which can be combined with top dressing.

Medium raspberries: Arbat, Pride of Russia, Cleopatra, Kirzhach, Maroseyka, Siberian girl, Golden Giant yellow-fruited.

Late raspberry varieties: Samara dense, Companion, Peresvet, Stolichnaya, Mirage. These varieties are great for winter harvesting.

Experienced gardeners often do not choose varieties by maturity, but use varieties remontant raspberry, which manages to provide a harvest for everyone. For gardeners who prefer minimal crop care, the following remontant varieties can be considered a priority - Bryansk wonder, Hercules, apricot, Atlant, Gold autumn , ruby necklace, Indian summer, Eurasia, Polka.

The most suitable raspberry variety for all regions, including the Moscow region, where the climate can change dramatically during the year, is Hercules. The variety multiplies rapidly, resistant to fungal and bacterial diseases. Not picky about conditions environment and care during the growing season. Pay attention to the raspberry variety Polka. Fruiting from July to November. Suitable for all regions, including the northern ones.

7. Aronia chokeberry

Aronia chokeberry, or chokeberry is distinguished by exceptional unpretentiousness. Aronia is one of the few horticultural crops that has anti-allergic properties and is widely used not only in folk, but also in official medicine.

The eastern part of North America is considered the homeland of the chokeberry. Aronia came from America to Europe in the 18th century, and then found its niche in the lands of Russia. The founder of northern gardening I.V. Michurin recommended chokeberry for northern fruit growing.

Aronia chokeberry successfully grows and bears fruit in all regions with suitable climatic and soil conditions. The high winter hardiness of chokeberry contributed to the successful growth not only in the southern, but also in the more northern regions of the Eastern and Western Siberia, in the Urals, near St. Petersburg.

Features of aronia chokeberry

Aronia chokeberry belongs to the group of low trees or shrubs (2-4 m tall). At a young age, the culture has a compact crown. With age, the crown becomes spreading, which should be considered when planting.

For rational gardens, chokeberry is an indispensable crop. It is distinguished by rapid growth, precocity, an exceptionally high content of nutrients for the human body. When choosing a place for planting chokeberry, you need to take into account that it does not tolerate saline and waterlogged soils, rocky soils. Grows normally on sandy, insufficiently fertile and acidic soils. Groundwater is not a hindrance for planting, as the roots of chokeberry go deep into the soil by 0.5-0.7 m. It is undemanding to care.

Aronia chokeberry blooms from the second half of May to mid-June. Ripens in August, September depending on the growing region. Ripe fruits are black in color with a tart taste, slightly astringent with a pleasant sourness. To form a high yield, chokeberry needs good lighting (this must be taken into account when choosing a planting site).

By autumn, chokeberry leaves acquire red-purple and very elegant tones. landscape designers culture is classified as decorative and is used in the decoration of parks and other places of public recreation.

Useful properties and application of aronia chokeberry

Aronia chokeberry fruits include a huge list of useful substances, including vitamins of group B, PP, E, which contribute to the rejuvenation of the body. The high content of trace elements, pectins, tannins, sugars, organic acids, sorbitol (cyclic alcohols) helps to strengthen blood vessels, improves the formation and outflow of bile, removes heavy metals, used as an anti-allergic agent, helps with measles, scarlet fever and other diseases. Preparations from the fruits of aronia chokeberry are used for capillary toxicosis, allergic vasculitis, eczema. Jam, jam, candied fruits, wine, compotes, juices are prepared from the fruits of chokeberry.

Planting aronia chokeberry

Planting seedlings and grafted seedlings of chokeberry in a permanent place can be carried out in spring before bud break and in autumn, depending on the region. landing process and preparatory work the same as for other fruit crops.

Aronia Care

Young plants need watering and loosening, responsive to top dressing. In the absence of care, they continue to grow and multiply normally.

Aronia chokeberry has one unpleasant drawback: it needs annual destruction of root suckers Otherwise, it can capture large areas.

Reproduction of aronia chokeberry

Aronia refers to self-pollinated crops. Propagated by seeds and vegetatively. Seeds need stratification before sowing, so they are sown in the fall, embedding 1.0-1.5 cm into the soil. Seedlings appear in May. Aronia chokeberry is propagated by seeds as an ornamental crop to obtain a large amount of planting material.

For reproduction in the country, layering, dividing the bush, cuttings, and vaccinations are used, which ensure the precocity of the culture. Already in the 3rd year, you can take the first test crop of chokeberry. Aronia chokeberry fruits are harvested in their biological ripeness.

Aronia chokeberry varieties for growing in the country

Many breeders work on the selection of aronia chokeberry foreign countries. They offer varieties with high quality indicators: viking, aron, Hakkiya, Dabrowice, Kutna and others.

Of the varieties bred by Russian breeders, the most famous variety Aronia Michurina, which is named after the creator.

Breeders have proposed varieties of chokeberry that have a hybrid origin, which are successfully grown in the gardens of the southern and northern regions - Nero, black-eyed, Rubina, Altai Large-fruited, Grandiolia, estland etc. It should be noted that outwardly all varieties are extremely similar and differ mainly in taste.

Blackberry is known in Russia under two names: gray blackberry and bushy blackberry (or common). The bluish blackberry is also called dewberry or sundew, and bushy - kumanika.

About 200 species of blackberries occupy vast areas in Eurasia and North America, which is considered the birthplace of the origin of this crop. 52 species are distributed in the Russian Federation. Abundant thickets of wild blackberries are found in the Caucasus, in the Urals, in Altai. Sweet berries and vegetative parts of blackberries have long been used by humans for fresh food and medicinal drinks. But only in the 19th century did the first varieties appear for the cultivation of blackberries cultivated as an agricultural crop.

Blackberry features

Blackberry belongs to the group of shrub plants with a height of 1.0 to 3.0 meters. Plants are unpretentious to care and in any conditions form fragrant fruit crops. Blackberry fruits, depending on the variety, have a different color: yellow, black, red. The fruits are shiny or slightly bluish.

The underground part of the blackberry consists of the main rhizome and adventitious roots, extending into the depth of the soil by 0.5-1.5 meters. The roots occupy an area around the bush up to 2-3 meters, form a dense root growth. Blackberry is a drought-resistant plant, thanks to its roots that penetrate deep into the soil.

Cultivated varieties allow you to grow blackberries in the middle zone and beyond with winter temperatures up to -25..-28°С.

According to the formation of the above-ground mass, blackberries are divided into 2 types: creeping (dewberry) and upright (bramble). In creeping blackberries, the fruits are larger and more juicy than in erect ones. Its shoots are bent by an arc and, having reached the soil, take root with the tops. Kumaniki do not have this feature. Perennial wood in blackberries does not form and, after fruiting, its stems die off. They are cut in the fall. This feature allows you to grow blackberries without winter shelters, even in regions with severe frosts.

Useful properties of blackberries

The fruits of blackberries contain vitamins of group "B", vitamins "P", "C", "E", provitamin "A", as well as a hematopoietic complex of microelements (molybdenum, tungsten, copper, manganese). Recommended for use in anemia. The leaves contain flavonoids and inositol. The content of useful substances in the fruits, flowers and leaves of blackberries is used in the treatment of anemia, colds, to improve memory, the functioning of coronary vessels, etc. Blackberries are used fresh or prepared compotes, juices, jams.

Planting and caring for blackberries

Blackberry grows on any soil, but prefers medium loamy, fertile, without close occurrence of groundwater. Planting rooted seedlings is carried out in the same way as raspberries.

Planting and caring for blackberries are similar to raspberries. When planting thornless varieties, it is necessary winter shelter due to their low winter hardiness.

Blackberry propagation

Blackberries are propagated in dachas and house garden and berry plantings in a vegetative way - cuttings, layering, tops of shoots.

The tip is usually propagated by creeping forms of blackberries. In July, the tops of the shoots are carefully tilted and fixed with a V-shaped wooden pin in a 10-15 cm depression in the soil with the top up. Leave the tip of a branch with 2-3 leaves above the soil. The soil is kept constantly moist. Biological preparations are added to the water for irrigation: root, planriz, which contribute to the rapid growth of roots.

In autumn, the rooted tops of blackberries are covered with mulch from freezing. Separated from the mother plant next year sometimes after 2 years.

To get more planting material, a young blackberry shoot with swollen buds is pinned in early spring. When buds open, side shoots form. As soon as they grow up to 10-15 cm, they are also pinned and covered with soil. By autumn, rooted blackberry seedlings are obtained, which are separated from the mother plant the next year and planted in a permanent place.

Blackberry varieties for growing in the country

In the country, it is more expedient to grow hybrid varieties of blackberries. They differ in productivity, exquisite taste, frost resistance and resistance to diseases and pests. The most famous remontant blackberry variety Ruben with good frost resistance.

Gardeners' favorite - thornless blackberry variety Waldo with early ripening berries. It develops well and bears fruit in thickened plantings. Of other thornless varieties with early fruit ripening, we can recommend Loch Mary, loch tay.

The hybrid varieties of raspberries with blackberries are widely used by blackberry lovers: El Dorado, Erie, Old Brighton, Loganberry.

Unique hybrid Chief Joseph, forming bright black berries up to 40 g in weight.

Ezhemalina Taybury(blackberry-raspberry hybrid) forms dark red fruits up to 5 cm long.

When choosing a blackberry variety for growing in the country, it is necessary to purchase zoned varieties that will need less shelter and other unforeseen care during the growing season and during wintering.

9. Walnut

Walnut comes from Central Asia. Known under Russian names - Greek walnut, Volosh walnut, Royal walnut. For its valuable nutritional qualities, it is called the tree of life, the food of heroes.

In the wild, the walnut occupies a significant area of ​​countries with a warm and hot climate. Currently growing in Russia in the Caucasus, in the south of Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova. Breeders promote culture in the middle lane and the northern regions of Russia, the CIS, and Europe. Today, walnuts are harvested near St. Petersburg, in the Moscow region, Vyazma, and the Tula region.

In addition to walnuts, in such a rational garden in central Russia, ripened crops of Manchurian, black, heart-shaped nuts are harvested, which are able to withstand frosts of -40 ..-50 ° С.

walnut features

Walnut is a large tree, up to 25 m high, with a spreading crown. It is a southern plant and tolerates southern climates and southern winters well. At present, the culture is advanced to the north. Separate varieties of walnuts (grade "Ideal") are able to withstand frost, and at -32 ..-36 ° C keep buds and wood alive. However, during prolonged frosts of -25..-28°C, the walnut may still freeze.

Walnut loves bright places with constant sunlight. Does not tolerate dense plantings, close-lying ground water. It develops poorly on compacted and waterlogged soil. The best soils for walnuts are carbonate loams and light fertile soils.

Walnuts ripen in September-October. In mature nuts, the pericarp bursts into several pieces and is separated from the stone.

Useful properties and application of walnut

Walnuts are grown for their edible kernels, which contain a wide range of useful substances, including an essential oil that gives a special smell to walnut gardens and individual plantings.

Walnut fatty oil determines the high value of walnut kernels as a food and medicinal product.

Walnut fruits are very valuable food product. Useful substances of fruits and nut leaves are used in folk treatment many diseases: gastrointestinal tract, gynecological, kidneys, bladder, tonsillitis, beriberi, atherosclerosis.

Planting and caring for walnuts

Planting and care are common for grafted and self-rooted seedlings (i.e. seedlings obtained by rooting cuttings or from root shoots). Walnut does not require special crown formation, constant fertilizing and watering. Subject to spatial isolation, the walnut practically does not get sick and is not damaged by pests. It is considered an unpretentious plant, especially for the southern regions.

Reproduction of a walnut

The walnut propagates by seed and vegetatively. It is characterized by a powerful development of the tap root system in the first year of life, reaching a depth of 4 m over time, which makes it easy to endure dry periods and not require irrigation.

It is more practical to propagate walnuts vegetatively, including stumps. Overgrown plants for 2-3 years form the first crop.

With seed propagation of walnut, the formation of the crop begins from 8-10-12 years. Under favorable conditions, plants can live in one place up to 300-400 years.

Walnut varieties for growing in the country

For the southern regions, the most popular are: early variety walnut Dessert, Elegant, mid-season Aurora. Good harvests form early maturing walnut varieties abundant and fruitful.

The varieties of Moldova and Ukraine are overwhelmingly frost-resistant, but are nevertheless intended for southern regions with mild winters: Moldavian, Codrene, Chisinau, Briceni, Carpathian and etc.

At present, breeders have bred a number of walnut varieties for the conditions of the middle zone of the European and Asian parts of the Russian Federation. For these regions, early varieties are recommended. Dawn of the East, Breeder, Baikonur, Pinsky.

Interesting variety of walnut Ideal, which forms 2 crops in one growing season and is one of the most frost-resistant varieties, and a walnut variety Giant, the properties of which make it possible to cultivate a crop throughout the territory of the Russian Federation.

For cottage cultivation it is better to use early-ripening varieties of walnuts, which form a crop for 2-3-4 years. Early maturing varieties include Aurora, Breeder, Dawn of the East, Pinsky, state farm, Five-Year Plan, Beloved Petrosyan.

With the acquisition of the dacha, I inherited their trees and shrubs from the previous owners. Among the trees are several apple trees, plum, pear, sea buckthorn and cherry. Of the shrubs were black and white currant, gooseberries and raspberries.

I was lucky that everything was planted in the right places, it bore fruit well, because the owners watched and looked after everything. Over time, I decided to diversify my garden and began to look for new types of crops, to learn more about them.

By planting such crops, the owners begin to shape the appearance of their site and the fruit and berry crop for several years, or even decades to come. We can say that planting trees and shrubs is an investment in your future.

Our country is the widest, with several natural areas where weather and climate conditions are very different. And the soil is also different. It is for this reason that it is impossible to identify and compile a single list of shrubs and trees.

You can try to identify the most popular varieties that are most often found in the gardens and kitchen gardens of the country's inhabitants. Let's make a small list of cultures with photos and names.

Trees

The list of trees that will give their tasty and healthy fruits for many years is not that big. After planting, the first harvest will be only after 5-7 years. But the expectations will not be in vain. Having planted these in the garden fruit trees, the whole family will be provided with the necessary vitamins and minerals.

Apple tree

During flowering, the apple tree in the garden will become the center of attraction, and no one doubts the beneficial properties of apples. They are rich in vitamins and minerals (A, E, C, B1, B2, P, iron, calcium, magnesium, pectin, carotene, etc.). Apples help lower cholesterol, normalize metabolic processes, and adjust the work of the digestive tract. The fruits keep well.

Among the most popular varieties are:

• Summer - Medunitsa, White filling, Red early, Grushovka Moscow;
• Autumn - Oryol striped, Anise scarlet, Borovinka;
• Winter - Anise new, Antonovka ordinary, Spartan, Lighthouse.

Pear

Like the apple tree, the pear impresses with its delicate flowering. It goes on for most of May. Pear fruits have a low energy value, but they are quite nutritious and rich in fiber. They contain a lot of vitamins (C, K, A, PP), as well as minerals, essential oils.

In central Russia, varieties grow well:

• Summer - Lada, Elegant Efimova, Duchess summer;
• Autumn - Marble, Bessemyanka, Fun;
• Winter - Belarusian late, January, Alyonushka.

Plum

Like other fruit trees, plums have early (ripe in July) and late (ripen in September-October) varieties. Its fruits are loved for their taste and beneficial effect on the body. Plum improves the functioning of the digestive tract, enriches with vitamins and microelements (A, P, C, B1 and B2, phosphorus, potassium, etc.).

In regions of the country with a temperate climate, gardeners grow such varieties of plums as Utro, Opal, Skorospelka red, Renklod Tambovsky, Kantemirovka, Hungarian Moscow, Alexy.

Cherry

These trees are considered resistant and picky for our region. Cherries bear fruit in July-August. The fruits have a high gastronomic value. They are widely used in cooking. Cherry has invaluable benefits for the body, as it is rich in organic acids, pectins, trace elements, vitamins and antioxidants. All these components help:

• Improve brain activity and help in hematopoiesis;
• Fights signs of premature aging;
• Strengthen the body's immune system.

Among cherries, the varieties Volochaevka, Bulatnikovskaya, bull heart, Assol, Zhukovskaya, Apukhtinskaya, Turgenevka, Bolotovskaya, etc.

In addition to the above species, the following trees are common in the southern regions of the country:

• Cherry plum;
• Sweet cherry;
• Apricot etc.

shrubs

Listed fruit bushes, which are grown in most regions of the country, more species than in the list of trees. The first harvest from shrubs can be obtained a couple of years after planting.

Raspberry

Found in many gardens and orchards. Raspberries are loved for their taste and healing properties. The shrub can reach a height of 2 m. It branches well. Supports and garters may be required.

Raspberry is quite a light-loving and frost-resistant plant that does not like wind and drafts. Many gardeners prefer to grow remontant varieties that can bear fruit 2 times during the season.

Currant

Another popular shrub of our gardeners is currant. Its bushes can reach 1.5 m, but the average height is 80-100 cm. Types of currant:

• White;
• Red;
• Black;
• Alpine;
• Ohta;
• Golden.

Its berries are rich in important and useful substances. Currant leaves are used for preservation, they are brewed into tea and used in folk medicine.

Gooseberry

This perennial shrub grows no more than 1 m. Gooseberries tolerate drought well, prefer sunny places, and do not tolerate waterlogging. Different varieties of berries are green, red-brown or yellow.

Sea ​​buckthorn

A lot of fruits grow on the branches of sea buckthorn. For this feature, the plant got its name, since the branches are completely covered with berries.

They are small in size, bright orange or amber in color. In height, the shrub grows up to 2 m. In addition to berries, sharp thorns and silver-green small leaves grow on the branches. Sea buckthorn tolerates frost well and loves moist soil.

Although now breeders have bred different types and varieties of exotic fruit and berry crops for the Moscow region and other regions, it will be very difficult, and sometimes impossible, to grow them. There will be constant problems with their cultivation, as they are not adapted to such a climate.

Features of placement on the site

It is better to plan the layout of the garden and the landing site in advance. The plan can be drawn on paper, taking into account the necessary standards:

1. The distance between the tree and the building is at least 3-4 m - this is necessary for the safety of the building and the care of the crop;
2. The distance between the shrub and the building is approximately 1-2 m - for convenient operation of both the building and the bush;
3. Select crops according to how they coexist next to each other.

Features of the neighborhood of fruit crops

Plants should be planted nearby depending on their characteristics and needs:

• Some plants are sun-loving, while others grow well in the shade;
• Some shrubs and trees do not tolerate winds and drafts, others endure them;
• Irrigation requirements and soil composition different types are different.

Many gardeners noticed that even under favorable conditions, crops could grow poorly and bear fruit. The reason could be the wrong neighborhood. You can choose plants that grow well next to each other according to the table.

Plan in advance to plant fruit and berry plants in your garden and follow all the rules so that they can enjoy a rich harvest of healthy and tasty fruits and berries.