What should we build a house: what is better, what material to choose, what house is better and cheaper? What material is best for building a house

When a person thinks about his own housing, the thought comes to mind: what is better to build a house from - brick, blocks, timber.

The materials from which the house will be built must be strong, durable, and not have a negative impact on health.

There are many materials on the construction market today. Choose the best option not so easy.

You need to start by analyzing the properties of each of them, you can choose the material for which the price and quality will be optimal.

Before starting construction, you can view the magazine, catalog construction firms with building options.

The house in which it is planned to live permanently must be resistant to atmospheric precipitation, be noise and heat insulated and be a “fortress” for many years.

Brick, blocks of ceramics, foam concrete, aerated concrete, logs and timber have similar properties.

How much and what material will be needed for construction can be suggested by a magazine with recommendations from a specialized company.

Characteristics and properties of bricks

The building materials magazine is of the opinion that brick is durable, strong.

If you start construction in accordance with all the rules, then it will stand for 100 years, and its residents will enjoy comfort and warmth.

The most common building material - brick, has many properties:

Completely natural;
At construction works ah, there is no need to use additional additives - “baking powders”;
The brick is not combustible, in case of ignition and fire, the brick box will remain intact. Based on it, it will be possible to rebuild a new house;
Brick is highly durable. The walls from it will be able to withstand heavy shutters, an attic;
On the cottage from brick over time, you can install several more floors, complete additional rooms;
The laying is not subject to shrinkage, rotting;
Always in the rooms of the house comfortable temperature- in the cold season, the walls will keep warm, and in the heat they will protect from heat.

When building a brick house, it is worth considering not only the properties of this material. It is important to pay attention to the quality of the cement composition, the nature of the masonry, insulation.

The magazine will be able to tell about the properties and varieties of materials. A set of indicators of all components will affect the quality factor of the house.

Using brick to build a house has disadvantages. The construction of the building will take a long time, since during the construction work the time of year, weather conditions play an important role.

In summer, the solution will dry out quickly, and in winter it may freeze. If it rains, the construction will have to be postponed until it is stopped.

A construction magazine notes that it is important to pay attention to masonry. Bricks must be laid evenly. Otherwise, the house will not be strong.

For this reason, it is worth entrusting the construction of housing for permanent residence to professionals, and this will cost the owner of the house a lot. Money.

You can make the use of this type of building material cheaper - use it as a cladding. Brick will decorate the walls of the building, protect from adverse natural influences.

After all, you need to breed cement mortar, laying bricks necessary for construction, collecting waste that inevitably forms during the construction of a house.

If the site already has a broken garden, beds, this will complicate the work.

Features of foam blocks

When choosing materials for the construction of housing, ease of construction, environmentally friendly properties, thermal insulation, and sound insulation are taken into account.

Foamed blocks have such qualities, so the magazine, catalogs of construction companies often suggest choosing this particular material.

Blocks have advantages due to which they have conquered the market:

Environmentally friendly - in its manufacture are used natural materials. The proportion of plasticizers, dyes is so small that it will not harm health;
It is able to pass air, so a favorable climatic situation will always remain in the house;
Lightweight, which affects the speed of housing construction. In addition, there is no need to build a powerful foundation;
It has high rates of noise and heat insulation. No need to spend a lot of money on the purchase of insulating materials, on additional wall insulation;
Able to withstand high temperatures;
Its price is lower than other materials. Building a house will cost less than, for example, brick, timber.

Wall decoration from foam blocks is allowed to be carried out from any materials. The construction magazine offers options for decorating walls with plaster, decorative panels, wallpaper.

A feature of the foamed blocks is its fragility. When transporting blocks to the construction site, they may be damaged, so it is worth paying increased attention the quality of transportation.

After their laying, the blocks shrink. Its percentage is affected by the temperature difference during construction. To minimize it, you need to use high-quality reinforcement during construction.

After installing the box of foam blocks, you should not immediately start finishing. It's all about chemical reactions that will flow between carbon dioxide and cement.

Otherwise, cracks will form, which serve as cold bridges. As a result, the room will not be kept warm.

Wood is an eco-friendly material for building a house

A house for permanent residence, built of timber, is distinguished by its beauty and solidity.

Wood has many characteristics due to which it is most often chosen as a building material:

high rates of thermal insulation;
eco-friendly material- will not harm health;
high heat resistance, thermal conductivity of the timber;
long service life.

Wooden beam is cylindrical and glued. The magazine of specialized companies will talk about the properties of each type. Masonry from a cylindrical beam will shrink over time.

As a result geometric shapes will change slightly, and thermal insulation material will need to be added to the joints and seams.

Glued laminated timber is resistant to deformation.

It's all about its production: several layers of timber are placed under the press so that their radial rings of life are directed oppositely, with the help of glue they are fastened together very firmly.

With its environmentally friendly properties, it is not inferior to cylindrical logs. Chemical antiseptics, varnishes today are replaced with impregnations based on natural ingredients.

It could be beeswax, gum turpentine, propolis, patchwork wax. The last component is produced by domestic companies and is a high quality product.

Impregnations protect the surface of the timber from decay, prevent the effects of insects, and increase the level of fire resistance.

Can be built from timber one-storey cottages and houses for permanent residence in several floors.

A variety of profile types of wood will allow you to create houses of various geometric shapes.

Options for buildings are catalogs, a magazine of construction companies. The building on the site will look modern.

For a wooden house, it is not necessary to build a massive foundation; you can start by making it shallow. The walls also do not need additional external processing.

Main advantage wooden houses is the possibility of their construction at any time of the year.

Features of frame construction

Before you build a frame house, it’s worth starting with the formation of a frame. It can be metal or wood.

More durable - metal frames, but it takes a lot of time to build them. Wooden structures are assembled cheaper and faster.

The thickness of the wood blank depends on the material of the insulation and its thickness.

For external cladding, one of the options is used: cement-bonded particle board, moisture resistant plywood, oriented strand board. Suitable as a heater mineral wool or foam.

One-story cottages are built very quickly. After the foundation has gained the necessary strength, you can assemble the dwelling.

To fulfill Finishing work no need to wait weeks or months. The frame structure does not shrink, so the construction of such a house will not take much time.

Frame houses have their "advantages":

Ease of construction - you can do without the help of builders. Using the instructions and recommendations, the frame house will stand on the site after a short time;
Elements frame house have a small weight, so you do not need to use special devices, technical means;
Due to the fact that the construction of such a house does not require the involvement of workers from construction companies, special equipment, the construction of housing will cost several times cheaper than using other materials;
Frame houses are highly stable. They will endure not only subsidence of the foundation, but also an earthquake;
They can be built at any time of the year. Frost, heat do not affect the quality of the finished structure;
High heat and noise insulation. Summer in frame house it will be cool and warm in winter. In the cold season, you can save on additional space heating. Layers of insulation will prevent the penetration of sounds from the street.

Such houses are suitable for permanent residence, but you need to be ready to change the insulation of the building every 30-35 years.

A new way of building houses - monolithic construction

In modern construction, the construction of houses in a monolithic way is not yet common. The basis of the technology of this method is the pouring of concrete foundations and walls.

The structures are strong enough, have uniform properties.

The main advantage of monolithic houses is strength and durability.

The aesthetic component is very high. The magazine of construction companies that are engaged in the construction of such houses offers a lot of options for decorating a home with a variety of materials.

The house will be distinguished by individuality and fully meet the tastes and needs of the owner.

Monolithic buildings have disadvantages. When erecting them, the use of special equipment is required, the formation of complex formwork, when installing floors, it is necessary to create supports and stairs.

Criteria for choosing material for building a house

To build a house, you can stop at any material option.

Each of them requires certain skills and technologies. The magazine will offer the shape, number of storeys, construction of a house made of blocks, bricks, timber.

It is important to answer the question: “what is better to build a house from” before the start of design and construction work.

In doing so, you need to pay attention to the following points:

the price of materials, the ability to purchase them in a particular region;
how thermal insulation characteristics correspond to the climate;
level fire safety, environmental friendliness;
how many floors will the house have.

With the right analysis, the thickness and depth of the foundation, the load on it, what building material needs to be purchased and in what quantity will be correctly calculated.

Particular attention should be paid to material opportunities, personal preferences of the owner.

Only in the analysis of a complex of characteristics can one find out from what materials it is still better to build a house - from blocks, bricks, timber, frame.

Depending on whether brick, block or wood is used for construction, a private house can differ not only in quality, but also in price. If a person with an average income makes a choice in favor of a brick house, then he should keep in mind that others modern materials, used for construction, have higher rates of heat retention. In this case, there will be a clear cost overrun on.

Regardless of the material used for the walls, cement or cement blocks are used for the foundation. Only their number and amount of expenditure varies, depending on what material it is supposed to build a house from and how easy it will be to determine the thickness and depth of the foundation.

The same can be said about the roof. The composition of the roof is selected depending on the requirements of heat retention indicators.

best material for building a house

The best building material for a private house can be considered a tree. But even such an advantage will not become a key argument for people who have insufficient funds. Unfortunately, materials with high rates environmental cleanliness still cannot be called universally accessible to the inhabitants of Russia.

Wood as a material has many advantages, but the main one is its high cost. For a person with an average income, the construction of housing from such material is in most cases not available.

Describing modern materials, one cannot help but recall that the inhabitants of some settlements use exclusively environmentally friendly materials for building houses (straw, clay, hay). But these options can be attributed rather to exotic and not very common in Russia.

If you use the block construction option, then the insulation will be the same as for a brick wall - expensive, but the material itself will be cheaper, so a private block house is the most profitable in recalculating the final costs.

In addition, with block construction, a private developer will significantly save on time costs. After all, blocks are much easier and faster to lay than bricks.

Insulation for a frame house is mineral wool or monolithic foam concrete. This is a good budget option for a person with limited financial resources. A more expensive option for insulation can be Ecowool. In some cases, polyurethane foam or polystyrene foam is used. From the outside, the insulation is sewn up with cement-bonded particle board (DSP), chipboard-cement board(SCP), plywood or OSB.

Facade plaster or siding is needed for sheathing or cladding at the last stage of construction. Considering lightweight construction the frame of the house, we can conclude that the economical use of cement for the construction of the foundation. Therefore, for budget option for the construction of a private house, it is most advantageous to choose frame technology.

A brief description and description of the main pros and cons will be made between country houses from the following materials:

bricks;
sawn shell rock;
foam blocks;
gas blocks;
reinforced concrete on fixed formwork;
timber or round logs.

Country house made of bricks

To build a brick house, a solid foundation is needed, either a deep-buried type or a slab type. This is due to the large load of the entire structure. The load primarily depends on the weight of the building, and masonry bricks cannot be called easy. 1 cube of brick weighs on average 1200-1800 kg. To be more clear, 5 square meters walls 25 cm thick, will weigh about 2 tons. Considering that the foundation is massive, the financial costs of construction increase dramatically.

Brick in its technological range is the "smallest" masonry material. If, for example, it is compared with a shell rock or foam block. Based on this, for the laying of load-bearing walls, a significant amount of binder, that is, a cement-sand mortar, will be required. This also entails significant financial costs.

The cost of masonry is a very conditional indicator, since it all depends on the desired result. For example, you can save money and buy grade 2 bricks. Considering that the brick initially has discrepancies and small irregularities, you can order dirty masonry from the construction team and in this case save a little. The result is load-bearing walls that require mandatory plastering. This is where the catch lies, the money saved on grade 2 bricks and dirty masonry will go completely to plastering work.

Brick houses have good heat and sound insulation, good durability

The second option is when a top-grade brick is purchased and a clean masonry is ordered from specialists for jointing. Initially, more money is spent than in the first case, but as a result, load-bearing walls are obtained that do not require external facade decoration. Plaster only finishes the inner surface of the walls.

At first glance, it may seem that brick construction is a very costly undertaking. However, a brick house has its own set of positive qualities. Not bad, but not the best thermal insulation and sound insulation, good seismic resistance, high strength and long service life of the building, about 100 years or more.

Attention! Given the high strength of the main walls, absolutely any type of roof can be mounted on them, so you can already try to save on roofing material.

Houses from sawn shell rock (cauldron)

Construction of a house from sawn shell rock (cauldron) is not available in any region. The main quarries and mines where kotelets are mined are located in the southern regions. According to its structure, the cauldron is a stone with the correct rectangular shape, dimensions 39x19x20 cm. The structure of the stone is relatively porous, but the cauldron has fairly good strength and low thermal conductivity.

To build a house from a cauldron, as in the case of a brick, a good capital foundation is needed. Therefore, choosing this material, we advise you to immediately calculate the cost of pouring a monolithic reinforced concrete foundation.

Considering that the cauldron is almost 3.5-4 times larger in volume than a brick, much less binder cement-sand mortar will be required for masonry. Here the boiler outperforms the brick, however, the walls of sawn shell rock will have to be plastered. A variant with a fine classic masonry from a cauldron, not very suitable for residential buildings. Clean masonry with jointing from a cauldron can only be used for the construction of non-residential buildings, for example, a garage or a fence.

The load-bearing walls from the boiler are “warm”, have good sound insulation, below average waterproofing and excellent strength. Boiler walls, like brick walls, have high strength and seismic resistance, which allows them to make roofs of any design, type and from any materials.

Country house from foam blocks

load-bearing walls country house of the foam blocks are the warmest when compared among the masonry stone. The thermal conductivity of the foam block is only 0.2 - 0.4 W / (m * K), and for example, for the same brick, it is about 0.8 W / (m * K). The lower the thermal conductivity, the less cold penetrates into the housing in winter period at sub-zero temperatures.

At a cost, a foam block is about 2 times cheaper than a brick and 1.5 times cheaper than a boiler, if we compare the price for 1 m / cu. At the same time, even less masonry bonding mortar is required for the construction of walls than when using a boiler. This is due to the large dimensions of the foam blocks 20x30x60 cm. As a binder solution for foam blocks, not a cement-sand mortar is used, but an adhesive mass, which makes it possible to obtain a thin seam between adjacent stones with a thickness of only 5 mm.

For the construction of main walls from foam blocks, it is not at all necessary to make a massive foundation. Yes, the foundation must be solid and made of reinforced concrete, however, the foundation strip can be laid only 90-100 cm, that is, below the freezing point of the soil for middle lane. This is due to the fact that the foam block has a light weight compared to brick. 1 m3 of foam blocks weighs about 600 kg.

Every medal has back side, the foam block is no exception. With good thermal insulation and sound insulation, given stone has poor waterproofing. The structure of the foam block is very porous, not that it passes water, but it absorbs moisture like a sponge. Due to poor quality, the walls of a country house made of foam blocks must be plastered, after which, in most cases, they are puttied with waterproof embossed facade putty.

It is worth mentioning another drawback. Compared to brick or koteltsovy capital walls, walls made of foam blocks have less strength. That is, in general, the building is earthquake-resistant and durable, but the choice of design and materials for the manufacture of the roof is limited.

Advice. Most often, on cottages from foam blocks, a light roof is made of metal tiles or flexible shingles. About classical ceramic tiles will have to be forgotten forever.

Country cottage from gas blocks

The gas block is the same masonry stone as the foam block. The thermal conductivity of the gas block is approximately 0.2 W / (m * K), which also does not emit this masonry material. In general, the gas block is as good in terms of thermal and sound insulation qualities as the foam block, however, the gas block has greater strength and better waterproofing.

A house made of gas blocks is stronger and more resistant to moisture than a house made of foam blocks

The whole point lies in the difference in the composition of masonry materials. Foam blocks are made from cement, sand and water, and aluminum powder is used as a foaming agent, which, in reaction with water (H2O) and oxygen (O2), produces a reaction in the form of a huge amount of oxygen bubbles. These bubbles form the porous structure of the foam block. Two more components were introduced into the composition of the gas block: quartz sand, which increases the strength of the structure, and lime, which increases the strength of the connection between particles of ordinary and quartz sand in structure.

Considering the increased strength of the material, almost any type of roof can be mounted on the load-bearing walls made of gas blocks, and the outer walls can not be plastered. cement-sand mortar, but just putty with facade waterproof putty. There is only one minus for gas blocks - this is a high price compared to foam blocks.

Country house made of reinforced concrete on fixed formwork

The construction technology is relatively new, it is no more than 15 years old. The construction technology is as follows. On the surface of the fabricated strip foundation a fixed formwork is installed, consisting of two sheets of dense polystyrene foam (polystyrene). No supports or formwork struts are required. The distance of 20 cm between two parallel sheets of expanded polystyrene is set by special plastic holders, which are fixed to the sheets.

The height of the foam sheets is not more than 25 cm. Having thus installed the formwork around the entire perimeter, it is reinforced by passing reinforcement or reinforcing cages between the foam plastic sheets and the entire formwork is poured with liquid concrete. After that, they begin to install the second row of formwork, etc. In one day, 2-3 rows of formwork are poured with concrete in this way.

The advantage of this technology is that the walls are the most durable, which is important for areas located in an unstable seismic zone. In addition, a record-breaking construction period stands out. The walls of an ordinary one-story country house are raised in 7-9 working days. Another advantage is that the process of manufacturing load-bearing walls takes place in parallel with their internal and external insulation.

Attention! The downside of the construction technology on fixed formwork is the high consumption of by no means cheap liquid concrete and reinforcing elements.

Country houses made of timber or logs

For the construction of a house from a bar, a bar with a section of 100x150 mm or 150x150 mm is mainly used. And for the construction of a house from rounded logs, logs with a diameter of 15 to 25 cm are used. It must be said right away that the construction of a wooden house, in comparison with housing from any of the above-described stones, is much cheaper.

Timber houses require mandatory regular treatment from moisture

Saving starts from the very beginning, that is, from the foundation. For a wooden country house, it is not at all necessary to make a reinforced concrete foundation, it is quite possible to get by with the manufacture of a pile-screw or columnar type of foundation. The installation of walls itself also does not imply the use of any kind of binder solution or glue. The fastening of the timber to each other in the wall structure is carried out on dowels, and the walls of rounded logs are mounted using chopped or sawn cups.

The catch of such cheap and environmentally friendly walls lies in their increased vulnerability to moisture. And if to protect the same walls of foam blocks from moisture exists great amount methods, for example, plaster, putty, etc., then to protect wood from decay, there is only a small set of liquid emulsions that need to be impregnated with wood before the construction of load-bearing walls begins. Another disadvantage of wooden housing is an increased risk of fire, which will require you to fork out well when doing electrical wiring, which is subject to more high requirements than in the construction of stone walls.

We have no right to specifically recommend or impose this or that building material or technology. Everyone chooses according to their personal preferences and based on their own financial capabilities. In this article, we only tried to give a brief description of the various construction technologies, and you decide for yourself what is more promising for you.

What material is better to build a house from - video

Every good owner sooner or later faces some kind of construction. Someone is building a garage, someone is building a bathhouse, and some are aiming at independent construction big mansion. Here the question arises as to which material is better to choose for building a house.

The main stages of construction include pouring the foundation, as well as erecting walls. For any owner, it is important that the aesthetic appearance of the structure is of a high level, the walls are warm, strong, and in general, the cost of Construction Materials were not very high.

The most popular materials for building a house

Modern construction market rich and varied. Let's take a closer look at the top five most popular building materials for building a house.

One-piece profiled beam.
The log is rounded.
Brick.
Foam blocks.
Thermal panels.

What to give preference? Each owner makes this decision independently, but for this it is worth studying all the pros and cons of each of the materials.

Wood

Wooden building materials for building a house have become very popular in our time. Wooden walls have low thermal conductivity, but stable heat capacity. Even if the house has not been heated for some time, with the stove in operation, the resulting condensate will be absorbed into the wood. After that, the already heated air draws moisture, and a special, favorable microclimate is created in the room. Coniferous species (pine, spruce, fir, larch, cedar) are often used in construction. In addition to the popular solid profiled timber, round logs are used, glued, ordinary timber, carriage.

Solid profiled beam

Material that has undergone special processing. In the profiled beam, the content of wood resin is very high, thanks to which the structures made of it are durable and are not exposed to aggressive environmental influences.

Back in the last century, when choosing finishing and building materials, rarely did anyone stop at a profiled beam. During the construction of the walls, manual adjustment was required. Now, thanks to modern technologies, the bars are processed on machines in such a way that they simply fit perfectly, the gaps between them are minimal.

This eco-friendly material is not too expensive. The walls keep the heat inside for a long time, they can be built in a matter of days. Smooth, machined beams allow you to assemble a house, like puzzles.

rounded log

When studying building materials for building a house, pay attention to round logs. Like timber, this building material is made from conifers. Unlike the first one, the rounded log allows you to build buildings that are more durable, all this is due to the shape of the material. The construction of round logs is also carried out in a short time.

Brick

The most popular building material for building walls is brick. Brick buildings are outwardly quite acceptable, they are very strong in strength, durable, and also environmentally friendly.

silicate brick. This building material is very common. Buildings made of such bricks can last for decades.

Clay brick. It has always been considered a symbol of something stable, indestructible. Such a brick has increased strength, frost resistance, resistance to aggressive weathering. However, the thermal performance of such a building material does not always meet expectations.

The construction of reliable buildings requires high-quality building materials. Brick factories offer a wide range of their products, which can be divided into three categories:

Solid bricks, these include the following types: conditionally effective, ordinary, effective.
Hollow bricks, the share of voids in them reaches 40%. Facing products also fall into this category.
as well as large-format stones-bricks. The high thermal conductivity of this category is ensured by the honeycomb-shaped structural material.

Disadvantages, advantages of brick

During transportation, especially over long distances, a small percentage of products lose their presentation, brick materials for building the walls of the house crumble. Their cost, however, is very high.

The ability of a brick to retain heat is much less than that of a tree. Walls built from conditionally efficient or solid bricks always require additional insulation. This problem is solved by three options: ventilated facade - installation hinged system insulation, heat-insulating plaster system, as well as three-layer walls with a heat layer.

The brick house is comfortable for living. This design "breathes", provides air exchange, and at the same time has active thermal inertia. warmed up, brick walls keep heat for a long time and gradually release it into the room.

Foam blocks

If you need high-quality and at the same time inexpensive building materials for building a house, then pay attention to the foam blocks.

Foam blocks are characterized by such qualities as heat resistance, high strength, low weight. Sudden temperature changes do not affect the walls erected from foam blocks. They do not crack or expand. There are many air bubbles inside the block, which increase the effect of thermal insulation. For comparison: foam concrete walls have a thermal conductivity eight times higher than conventional concrete walls. The material is good not only for the construction of the main walls, but also for internal floors. Thanks to this, the whole structure perfectly retains heat. Foam concrete structures do not require additional insulation. Heating costs are significantly reduced, by about 30%.

Advantages of concrete structures

Thanks to low weight there is a decrease in pressure on the foundation.
Savings in finishing. Enough ordinary putty walls, plaster is not required.
Reducing labor intensity. One 15 kg foam block replaces 20 bricks, the total weight of which is 80 kg.
Cellular foam concrete blocks have excellent soundproofing properties.
Brick factories produce such building materials in sufficient volumes. The popularity of foam blocks is growing every day.
By environmental friendliness given material resembles a tree. Indoor supported optimal humidity, the walls breathe. Unlike wood, blocks do not rot, burn, or rust like metal.
Foam concrete is often used as a heat insulator, it can withstand high temperature(up to +400 degrees).
The blocks are very easy to work with conventional hand tools.

Disadvantages of foam concrete

When we choose materials for the walls of the house, we try to study not only the advantages, but also their inherent disadvantages, foam concrete also has them. These include:

Brittleness of the material.
Every three rows of walls must be reinforced.
Foam concrete quickly absorbs moisture, which somewhat reduces thermal conductivity.
To avoid dampness, it is necessary to create waterproofing, moisture-resistant protection between the foundation and walls.
Vapor permeability of foam concrete. Vapor barrier required.

Frame thermal panels

If you need inexpensive building materials for building a house, then you should pay attention to frame thermal panels. The advantages of this material include low thermal conductivity, relative strength and fast assembly. Minus - the lack of naturalness.

Thermal panels today are very often used for finishing frame-panel houses. Their design consists of extruded polystyrene foam (in the role of a heat-insulating substrate) and high operational properties allow the use of thermal panels in the construction of houses using Canadian technologies. The most important characteristics of this facade material, which ensured wide demand, of course, include the absence of moisture absorption, low thermal conductivity, high compressive and impact strength, resistance to fire and any biological attack. The material is easy to install and use.

Finishing and for building walls at home must comply with all modern requirements, then the design will delight the owners for many years. Frame thermal panels provide an attractive, aesthetic, solid appearance building. It is for this reason that this material is very often used for the construction of cottages. built according to Canadian technology, finished with clinker panels, has the appearance of a smooth, flawless brickwork.

If the building is lined with thermal panels, heat losses are immediately reduced by 30%, all this thanks to the substrate, which consists of extruded polystyrene foam. Clinker tiles are connected to the insulation under high pressure with heavy-duty adhesive. Finest cutting expanded polystyrene sheet allows you to make high-quality tight docking. In order for the facade to take on a finished look, in addition to the main panels, you can purchase various additional elements to neatly arrange the corners.

We have presented the most common building materials on the market today. How and what material to choose for building a house, to give preference to price, naturalness, aesthetic qualities or technical specifications, you decide.

At the current stage of development, there are more than 20 technologies by which private houses are built. It is impossible to say unequivocally that this technology is the best, and this one is completely bad. All of them are imperfect, they all have positive and negative points. In order to correctly answer the question “What kind of house to build”, you need to decide on the basic requirements that you place on a home. Under them to choose technology. Definition better home each has its own, and the material and technology too.

What are houses built from?

All external walls can be divided into two large groups: inertial and non-inertial. Inertial houses are built from materials with high heat capacity. They tend to accumulate heat, and then radiate it. Moreover, the radiation is in the infrared range. In such houses, even at a relatively low air temperature, it is warm. The feeling is: infrared heat better accepted by our body.

The walls of non-inertial houses are a “pie” of materials of different composition and sequence. But they all have one property: the materials have good or excellent thermal insulation properties, but have a low heat capacity. The main difference between houses of this type is that it is not the walls that heat up, but the air and it warms up quickly, but it also cools down. In order to keep warm for a long time, the rooms are sealed. And this has its drawbacks. We will talk in more detail about the properties and materials of both.

Inertial materials

In inertial wall material tends to accumulate heat and remove moisture. To keep the accumulated heat as long as possible, external insulation is mandatory for them. The advantage of rooms made of inertial materials is that in the absence of heating they “keep” the temperature for quite a long time. It follows that such technologies are more appropriate for permanent residences. For a temporary visit - for summer cottages - they are inconvenient and irrational: a lot of time passes until the walls warm up. In the meantime, the walls are cold, the rooms are chilly.

Materials for the construction of inertial houses:

ceramic brick (solid and hollow);
adobe;
ceramic blocks;
foam block and monolith from it;
gas block;
expanded clay concrete blocks and monolith;
adobe houses;
cinder block.

The main disadvantage of houses of this type is the rather high cost and duration of construction. Somewhere these shortcomings are more pronounced, somewhere less, but in general they are like this: a powerful foundation is required, the walls take a long time to build.

Inertia-free materials

Non-inertial houses are built from materials with low energy intensity. Basically, these are modern materials and technologies that provide for a multi-layer cake for walls. The main point is that almost all of them have low vapor permeability or do not conduct vapor at all. It's the same with air: it doesn't pass through walls. This means that in order to regulate humidity and ensure the flow fresh air, removal of carbon dioxide, is necessary competent system ventilation.

The main requirement for non-inertial houses is compliance with the technology and the tightness of the room, and ventilation is necessary to regulate air conditions.

Inertial-free houses are built from the following materials:

3D panel, MDM, SOTA - there is polystyrene foam inside the system, and densely reinforced concrete outside;
Termodom, Izodom - concrete is poured into a fixed formwork made of expanded polystyrene;
polystyrene concrete - the new kind material - concrete with polystyrene filler;
sandwich panels - more often they build industrial facilities from them, but sometimes, in order to save money, country houses are built;
SIP panels - insulation (mineral wool or polystyrene) between two OSB boards;
frame houses - insulation between plywood or OSB boards:
vacuum panels - new building technology, which is not yet used in private housing construction, but already exists.

The main advantage of non-inertial houses is the short time and low cost of construction. Since the walls are light, the foundations for such buildings are inexpensive. Since they account for a significant part of construction costs, the overall reduction in the cost of construction is significant. If you are deciding which house to build and the key constraint is money and/or time to build it, you may need to choose from these materials. But at the same time, we must not forget about the design of ventilation systems and be sure to take into account its cost in the calculations, otherwise life will be very uncomfortable, and in some cases impossible.

This is a diagram where sellers of new technologies demonstrate their advantages, "forgetting" to tell about the disadvantages.

Wooden houses

Wooden houses stand apart. These are houses made of logs or timber (regular, profiled, glued). On the one hand, the walls breathe, on the other, their inertia is small. Previously, such buildings could be attributed to partially inertial due to the fact that in the center of the building there was a stove with a large heat capacity. The heat accumulated in it warmed the house until the fire burned.

Building today in wooden houses, few people put a brick stove for heating. Mainly water heating. Therefore, houses can be classified as non-inertial: if a log large diameter still has at least some significant inertia, then the heat stored in a beam of 150 * 150 mm is definitely not enough. You have to either add fuel at night, or put combined boilers who run on electricity at night. There is another way out - to make external insulation. The measure is understandable and quite effective, but only if the vapor permeability of the insulation and finishing material.

Without proper care wooden house will look like this

There is another important aspect: in order for wooden houses to have a normal appearance, they need annual maintenance. This means that every year or every two years (depending on the type of processing) you will either have to work with a brush yourself or hire workers. Without this, a beautiful building will turn into black and unattractive. Actually, then there is a way out - to do exterior finish, and these are still expenses, like the maintenance of wood - impregnations, paints cost a lot.

As you can see, there really are no ideal technologies. To decide which house to build, you need to proceed from your situation, decide on key points, which will allow you to choose the material for the walls and the technology of its construction correctly and with awareness of all the nuances. Let's take a closer look at a few of the most typical home requirements.

Which house is cheaper to build

Let's start with the fact that the cost of building a foundation and a box of a house from all inertial materials industrial production definitely more expensive than non-inertial ones. They have a high density, and this is reflected in the mass of the building, which leads to an increase in the cost of the foundation.

The most expensive house is brick. We will take it as a standard and the cost of construction using other technologies will be compared with it. The next one in terms of cost is from ceramic blocks - about 90% of the price of a brick one. The most inexpensive of this group are adobe and adobe houses.

An adobe house is 100% eco-friendly, warm, and cheap. Fairy tale, not technology

If you have time and the weather allows, during the summer you can make and dry adobe bricks for a very long time. big house. At the cost of materials, they can compete with many modern technologies. Especially if there is an opportunity to mine clay on your own. The remaining fillers are straw, manure, etc. - also either free or cost a little. The only point is that it takes time to make bricks, and sometimes it more expensive than money- after all, they are not industrially manufactured. Another limitation is the climate - not everyone will have the weather to dry the clay to stone density. So this technology is available for budget construction in regions with hot summers.

More expensive than adobe, but decently cheaper than brick, block buildings. Aerated concrete, expanded clay concrete and foam concrete blocks require approximately 70-75% of the estimate for the construction of a similar brick house. But aerated concrete requires excellent waterproofing and use it in areas with high level groundwater is risky. Cinder block is inexpensive. By the way, you can also do it yourself. But the service life of slag concrete is about 50 years. Then it will collapse.

Even less - about 30-50% of the cost of a brick house is required for the construction of non-inertial houses. The cheapest so far are SIP panels. They take no more than a third of the price brick building. For carcasses - about 40% will be required. But at the same time, the service life is about 25-50 years, depending on the quality of the materials and the accuracy of the technology. However, for this entire group, adherence to technology is key: even small deviations can have disastrous consequences.

Once again, we draw your attention to the fact that the cost of the ventilation system must be added to the cost of all non-inertial boxes. If it works out - natural, if not - forced will be needed (it is much more expensive to install and maintain). But there must be ventilation, and it must be calculated correctly.

The construction of a wooden house will require about 60-70% of the cost of a brick one. But here it is still necessary to include caulking and grinding the log house. You can't get by without them. Want, if a wooden house is immediately planned for finishing, grinding is not required.

What is faster to build

Most long term construction sites at the brick house (again). It will take at least a year to build. This is if all technical processes will go without delay. It will take about 6 months to distill the box of building blocks from the finished adobe. It is possible to build a house from all types of panels for 1-3 months. The same amount will be required for the assembly of frame houses.

And again, wooden houses do not fit into any group. If you cut corners on the spot, you will assemble the walls for about a month, perhaps two. If ordered finished project and a layout with cut bowls was brought to the site, it can be folded in a few days. Add time to the foundation and roof. The total will be up to six months. But it will not be possible to enter immediately after the forcing of the walls - before the start of finishing, you need to wait at least another six months or even a year - it depends on the initial importance of the material.

Only a house made of glued laminated timber can be finished immediately. All other wooden houses must stand for at least six months - the wood must dry out and sit down, take on its operational dimensions. The difference in height can be up to 15-20 cm per frame, and this is a lot. Therefore, finishing begins only after 9-12 months. So put the box and quickly move into it in this case will not work.

So, features - the sea. But if you decide which house to build in the country, and you plan to stay there only during the season, there is no desire or opportunity to spend a lot of money, then pay attention to the frame or SIP panels. They are inexpensive and are built quickly. Just study the technology thoroughly: they do not like mistakes.

My home is my castle

If we talk about the fortress of the walls, then in the first place are brick houses. These are definitely bulletproof walls. Sufficiently strong - expanded clay concrete, cinder block, adobe technologies. Their density is also sufficient to stop a bullet. With other building blocks it is a little more difficult - you need to look at the density.

Expanded clay is a good choice - dense enough to be reliable, average in price and construction speed (about 6 months)

Strong enough are obtained at home with concrete components 3D panel, MDM, SOTA, Termodom, Izod. All other technologies are in no way an obstacle to serious shock loads. Of course, you can’t break through them, but they definitely aren’t a fortress either.

As you can see, it is impossible to say unequivocally that some technology is the best. Weigh the advantages and disadvantages, choose the most important points and determine for yourself which house will be built to meet your requirements.