Technical characteristics and composition of pva glue. PVA glue - types and technical characteristics PVA application temperature

PVA glue has long been synonymous with universal glue, which has a very wide range of applications. PVA glue is a ready-to-use polyvinyl acetate dispersion. PVA glue dissolves well in water. It can be quickly brought to the desired consistency.

Home characteristic feature PVA glue is his increased plasticity. Plasticity is imparted to the adhesive by a polymer additive (plasticizer) introduced into the composition of the adhesive. The plasticity of PVA glue allows you to maintain the integrity of the adhesive joint. The plasticity of PVA glue allows the use of glue in various conditions giving him such popularity.

What is PVA glue?

The polyvinyl acetate dispersion is a white suspension on water based with a light, specific smell. The content of polyvinyl acetate in the adhesive reaches 95%, and it is obtained from vinalone, a synthetic fiber based on polyvinyl alcohol. PVA glue is one of the most common adhesive compositions. The advantages of PVA glue, which provide it with such popularity, are provided by an affordable price, versatility of use, environmental safety and ease of use. PVA glue is very often used for gluing paper, cardboard or wood, but the range of its application is much wider. PVA glue is the best choice for gluing not only paper and wood, but also tiles, foam and other materials.

Types of PVA glue

PVA glue is very widely used not only in everyday life but also in production, it is used by students in schools in clerical work, builders during repairs for wallpapering, priming, joining parts, etc. With PVA glue, you can connect almost any surface. Let us consider in more detail what types of PVA composition are.

household gluePVA(or wallpaper) is used in domestic cases, for wallpapering on paper, vinyl backing, for gluing wooden, concrete plastered bases. The most popular type of glue.
PVAsuper glue (M) The highest quality and durable look PVA glue. It is thicker, more viscous, has a large percentage of various additives, and is acceptable in much larger areas than household ones. With its help, not only all types of wallpaper are applied, but also facing tiles, linoleum. They also glue fabric, leather, porcelain, DVM, chipboard, MDF.
GluePVAuniversal (MB) used in cases where you need to connect the combined surfaces. Suitable for leather, paper, cardboard, metal, glass, wood, carpet, linoleum, sickle, facing tiles.
GluePVAbuilding includes different types mixtures used in construction. For example, carpentry is used for wooden bases bathrooms and furniture. There is also parquet glue designed specifically for parquet. Especially popular is PVA dispersion (the basis for PVA), which is added to various building mixtures.
GluePVAclerical(K)- for clerical work when joining paper, cardboard, photographic paper. It is often bought by schoolchildren. The scope of use is very narrow, but it is the most non-toxic, easily soluble in water

Composition of PVA glue

The composition of PVA glue is very simple, and the composition of the glue allows you to add plasticizers to it, which provide plasticity and frost resistance to the glue film. It can be diisobutyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, tricresyl phosphate, EDOS and other alcohols, esters. Their percentage is in the range of 1.5-5%, also the adhesive components are thickeners and targeted additives that provide adhesion strength of various surfaces.

The composition of PVA glue includes an aqueous emulsion of polyvinyl acetate and special additives that give the mixture plasticizing properties. Main Feature of this substance is the ability to withstand deformation and not break. A seam based on PVA glue is quite elastic, withstands kinks on paper that is glued with PVA. As a rule, other brands of glue, unlike PVA glue, crystallize after drying, therefore, when bent, such adhesive joints crack and break, leading to the destruction of the adhesive seam.

The composition of PVA glue also includes additives that improve the properties of the glue itself and allow it to maintain a liquid consistency in a sealed package. Before use, the adhesive must be shaken until a homogeneous mass is formed. A film often forms on the surface, which will have to be carefully removed and discarded, since it is not suitable for use.

PVA glue: specifications

PVA glue has the appearance of a thick, creamy mixture with a slight smell of vinyl alcohol. In fact, this is a dispersion of PVAD (polyvinyl acetate in water), plasticizers and various additives. This composition of PVA glue is not toxic and completely harmless to the skin, since the ingredients themselves are completely safe, and all additives are also environmentally friendly. The main characteristics are:

excellent adhesive ability (from 400 to 550 N/m), which is comparable to much more expensive and complex in composition and method of preparation analogues.
complete fire and explosion safety.
moisture resistance and moisture resistance.
non-toxic and can be used even on playgrounds.
dries with minimal shrinkage and fills all gaps.
time complete drying up to 24 hours.
forms a thin transparent film and, moreover, very durable.
solubility in many solvents, therefore, the scope of its application is expanding.
low cost and, as a result, availability for many consumers.
high resistance of the glue line to frost and mechanical kinks (elasticity is comparable to the elasticity of the paper itself);
are not included toxic substances, so that the glue can be used in a closed space, and it is also absolutely safe for children;
does not burn or explode under any circumstances;
it dissolves well in organic acids, but cannot be returned “to life” after solidification, as it completely loses its sticky properties;
a thin layer of glue will be completely invisible, which increases the aesthetics of crafts and allows you to use it in various handicrafts;
can be used at relative air humidity not more than 80%.
average shelf life is 6 months.
low consumption, depending on the type of work and ranging from 100 to 900 g per square meter;

Conditions for storage and operation of PVA glue

Even those non-toxic and safe chemical substances how polyvinyl acetate adhesives should fit certain conditions storage and operation.

They should be stored in a dry warehouse, the temperature of which does not drop to minus.
To prevent an increase in the viscosity of the composition, it must be placed in a tight container designed to store substances of this class.
The shelf life of PVA glue is determined by six months from the date of its release.
After working with the adhesive, the tools, equipment and containers used must be thoroughly washed with water, preventing the working composition from curing. Polluted water is relatively safe and can be discharged into the normal sewer system.
Cured adhesive particles are removed with xylene or xylene (depending on the brand).
Avoid contact of the working solution with the body. In case of contact with eyes or skin, rinse immediately with water.
The adhesive solution ready for application should be used up within 24 hours. This rule does not apply only to PVA stationery adhesives produced in small packages.

Before use, the adhesive is thoroughly mixed to a state of homogeneous mass, without foreign clots or inclusions, achieving the desired viscosity.

How to use PVA glue

The surface before applying the adhesive must be treated, be clean and dry, dirt and dust removed. Permissible surface humidity is not more than 4 percent. Smooth walls should be sanded to improve adhesion. Porous surfaces like foam concrete or foam gypsum must be primed.

The preparation of glue is carried out according to the recipe on the package, bringing the mixture to the desired consistency. For all bases, the required thinner ratio is adhered to, and thinner can be omitted for fiberboard and plywood.

When wallpapering, the mixture is applied with a roller or brush directly to the wallpaper, then the canvases are pressed tightly against the wall and smoothed with a dry cloth.

For work with table coverings use a spatula with wide teeth. Layer thickness about 0.8 mm for linoleum, 3 mm for ceramic tiles and 0.7 mm for pile carpets.

When joining paper, cardboard, wooden structures apply a thin layer, then pressing the surface for about one minute, leave to dry under the load. The drying time of the layer depends on its thickness and may vary.
PVA glue according to comfortclub.ru and ogodom.ru

PVA glue has now become synonymous with all-purpose glue, it can be found in a schoolboy's pencil case, in a carpenter's toolbox, and even masons use it to lay tiles. The reasons for the popularity of this material lie in the ease of use, affordable price and the absence of toxic emissions. All this is due to the properties of the main component of the adhesive - polyvinyl acetate, the aqueous dispersion of which is PVA.

PVA glue: composition and technical characteristics

Polyvinyl acetate was first obtained in 1912 in Germany by the scientist Fritz Klatt, and a few years later the enterprising Farben launched the production of PVA on a commercial scale. At present, universal PVA glue, the composition of which is familiar to every graduate of the school, is the most popular in the world, its world production exceeds one million tons.

Polyvinyl acetate, whose content in the adhesive reaches 95%, is obtained from vinalone, a synthetic fiber based on polyvinyl alcohol. Depending on the field of application, plasticizers are added to the dispersion, which provide plasticity and frost resistance to the adhesive film. It can be diisobutyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, tricresyl phosphate, EDOS and other alcohols, esters. Their percentage is in the range of 1.5-5%, also the adhesive components are thickeners and targeted additives that provide adhesion strength of various surfaces.

Universal PVA glue specifications has the following:

low consumption, depending on the type of work and ranging from 100 to 900 g per square meter;
adhesive power 450 N/m;
complete drying time up to 24 hours;
frost resistance more than 4 cycles;
average shelf life is 6 months.

The dispersion of PVA is explosion and fireproof; when using plasticized glue, no a large number of acetic acid, EDOS plasticizer and vinyl acetate.

PVA glue - application in everyday life and industry

Currently, PVA glue finds application in the most different areas activities. With its help, walls are pasted with wallpaper and ceramic tiles are laid, PVA is used in labor lessons at school and as an additive in the glass industry. Depending on the intended use different kinds glue, among them the most common are:

wallpaper glue based on PVA, designed for pasting with washable and paper wallpaper various surfaces;
universal PVA glue used for gluing wooden, cardboard and leather products, it is also part of the formulations of fillers and primers;
Super PVA glue used for installation floor coverings and for facing with ceramic tiles;
Stationery PVA, used for gluing cardboard, papers, photographs, is the least toxic type of glue due to the absence of plasticizers;
PVA glue for carpentry, which has high adhesion to wood materials and water resistance;
PVA homopolymer dispersion, characterized by maximum setting strength and used in the porcelain, textile, glass industry, in the production of building materials;
PVA glue A moment that has a short pressing time and is used when installing parquet, laminate.

Construction PVA glue - basic rules of work

Construction PVA glue is used by both professionals and novice home craftsmen. For all types of work, there are uniform basic rules, the main of which is the mandatory degreasing of the surface. Also, cleaning the surfaces to be glued from dust will not hurt the case. It is better to apply PVA with a roller or notched trowel, and not with a brush. It is necessary to press strongly glued surfaces for 1-2 minutes, this will ensure good adhesion.

Safety, affordable price and ecological cleanliness glue are one of the reasons for its popularity among the population. Even the popular “smart plasticine” toy is made from it, for which sodium tetraborate and dyes are added to the PVA glue. Superiority over competing formulations is main reason the fact that today adhesive manufacturers are trying to improve the PVA formulation, and not invent new substances.

Polyvinyl acetate adhesive is a white, water-based suspension with a slight, specific odor, perhaps the most common type of adhesive composition. Its popularity lies in its affordable price, versatility, environmental safety and ease of use. The scope of its application is great from gluing paper to fixing wooden bases, tiles, foam and other materials.

Specifications PVA

The main characteristics include:

Small expense. Depending on the scope of application, the consumption can vary from 100 to 900g. per sq.m.
High adhesion. Often, water-based PVA glue is not inferior to its alcohol-containing counterparts.
Fire and explosion safety. But it should be noted that PVA dispersion, on the contrary, is explosive, due to the release of acetic acid and vinyl acetate into the air.
Frost resistance, more than 4 cycles. However, the dispersion itself is less resistant to frost and loses its adhesive properties when frozen.
Minimal shrinkage during curing.
Environmental friendliness, due to the absence of harmful chemicals in the composition.
moisture resistance

To the technical characteristics, you can also add the low cost of the composition, which means accessibility for consumers. The glue is non-toxic and can be used in many areas, even in children's production and everyday life. Perhaps this is the most versatile and popular glue. a wide range applications, and most often it can be found in a student's pencil case.

Types of polyvinyl acetate glue

Any polyvinyl acetate adhesive is a homogeneous, viscous mass, white or cream color. Conventionally, it can be divided into household and construction, depending on the composition of the adhesive base, one or another type is used in various fields.

Household polyvinyl acetate adhesive for paper or various paper-based products (including wallpaper). Frost resistance at t -40 °C, no more than 6 cycles.
Stationery polyvinyl acetate (PVA-K) for domestic needs and creativity, most often it can be found in a pencil case of a schoolchild or student. Adheres well to paper, cardboard and other paper-based products. It has minimal water resistance and frost resistance, which determines its narrow specialization.

Universal polyvinyl acetate (PVA-MB) has more broad scope applications. Frost-resistant and resistant to moisture. They can glue paper, cardboard, leather, fabric, stick them to wood, glass or metal surfaces. Use in construction, as auxiliary substance is possible. The addition of PVA-MB to the primer or putty increases the adhesive properties of the material. Frost resistance at t -20 °C, no more than 6 cycles.
Super PVA glue (PVA-M). They can glue all paper bases, porcelain, fabric, leather, wood products (chipboard, MDF), as well as linoleum, parquet, tiles. Application in the construction industry is due to the minimum pressing time, the adhesive sets quickly and guarantees maximum adhesion in a short time. Frost resistance at t -40 °C, no more than 6 cycles.
PVA dispersion. An aqueous polymer solution stabilized with polyvinyl alcohol has high adhesion. Moderately toxic, with low frost resistance. It is widely used in construction as an additive in mixtures and mortars. packaging production, household chemicals, paints, fabrics, shoes also cannot do without the use of dispersion. She can glue wood and thick paper base (photos, cardboard, etc.), fabrics.

Mode of application

Most important point when using PVA, this is surface preparation:

Clean the bonding area from contamination, remove all dust, dirt and other debris. The base must be dry.
Degrease with acetone or other solvent.
Prepare the area for applying the adhesive. smooth surface it is necessary to sand or apply a mixture of "concrete-contact" to create interlocking joints, and on the contrary, sand the rough one.
Carefully follow the instructions when diluting the mixture. Any deviations will reduce quality and reduce adhesion.
Use a brush or roller to apply the composition.
Remove excess adhesive mixture with a dry cloth.
When connecting wooden structures, observe the pressing time, it is better to leave them under load until completely dry.

If we are talking about paper bases, such as wallpaper, then using it is much easier. Adhesive composition applied to the paper base, in a thin and even layer. If the wallpaper is thin, one application is enough, if the paper is denser, the composition is applied in two layers.

Perhaps there is no person today who is not familiar with PVA glue. It is used by almost everyone and everywhere: children in kindergartens, gluing paper crafts, adults using it in painting and construction work. This glue is non-toxic and has a number of properties that put it on a par with the best discoveries in the field of chemistry.

Who invented PVA glue

In fact, it was opened by two people, and independently of each other.

It all started in Germany. In 1912, Dr. Fritz Klatt discovered the production of vinyl acetate by extracting it from acetylene gas. This gas easily polymerized, as a result of which it formed solid. And accordingly - glued dissimilar surfaces.

Vinyl acetate was most widely used after it was patented in 1912. Later, the entrepreneur Farben organized the production of polyvinyl acetate (PVA) on a large commercial scale. Then Farben worked only with adhesives that form films. The first production of this adhesive was established in the USA in 1937 in Monsanto. PVA glue was then used to preserve car windows.

Two years later, the Korean scientist Lee Seung-gi, a student of Professor Ichiro Sakurada, together with his Japanese colleagues Kawakami and Masahide, discovered a fiber that was soluble in water. The fiber was called vinalon and was based on polyvinyl alcohol. In 1941, Lee Seung Gi received a patent for the discovery of a new material that would later become the main ingredient in PVA glue.

So, independently of each other, two scientists - Fritz Klatt and Lee Seung Gi, became the discoverers of the most popular glue in the world.

Chemical composition glue

The basis of the glue is vinalon - synthetic fiber, the main component of which is polyvinyl alcohol. This substance is not toxic, and therefore PVA glue is safe for health. In limited quantities, of course.

Vinalone is converted to polyvinyl acetate, which is then diluted. The result is just the glue that we buy in the store. Depending on the purpose, various components are added to it. These can be alcohols and minor elements that enhance the bonding of surfaces.

Also in the composition you can find the so-called plasticizer. This substance is necessary to impart plasticity to the adhesive film and frost resistance. In the glue itself, the plasticizer is about 1-2%.

PVA glue refers to fireproof adhesives, frost-resistant and moisture-resistant, with the exception of some types. As a rule, the drying time of the glue is 24 hours. PVA has a low consumption - from about 100 g / m2 to 900 g / m2 of surface.

The most common types of PVA

There are several main types of PVA used in various areas. It:

- PVA household (wallpaper);

This type of glue is used for gluing paper, wallpaper stickers on wooden, plaster surfaces. Possesses strongly expressed frost resistance. Household PVA is the most popular, it is used for wallpapering and other paper work.

- PVA glue universal (PVA-MB);

PVA-MB glue is used for gluing wood, paper, porcelain, cardboard, fabric products. Unlike household look, PVA-MB can be used for gluing fabrics and paper to glass, porcelain. It is also added as a binder in a mixture of water-based concrete, putties, primers. It is good to have this type of glue in stock, as it can be a good help in any job and save in unexpected situations.

- PVA glue stationery (PVA-K);

Stationery PVA is used to work with papers and other small household chores. It is he who needs to be bought for children - it is the least toxic and does not have impurities like a plasticizer. It is not resistant to frost and dissolves easily in water.

- glue PVA super (PVA-M);

This type of PVA is considered the highest quality and has a large percentage of additives, thick consistency. It is used for gluing products made of cardboard, paper, porcelain, wood, metal, plastic, leather, fabrics, facing tiles. Able to fix linoleum and other similar coatings. More viscous compared to other types of PVA. It should be bought for expensive and responsible work.

- polyvinyl acetate homopolymer dispersion;

In fact, this is the basis of PVA glue. Possesses the strongest adhesive ability. Contains plasticizers. This type of glue is fireproof and has the third toxicity group (moderately hazardous substance). PVA dispersion is used as an additive in mortars, in the textile, printing and glass industries. As a rule, the most frequent consumers of this type of adhesive are industrial enterprises.

How to choose the right quality PVA glue?

When buying PVA glue, you need to consider what kind of work it will be used for.

It is worth paying very close attention to the very consistency of the glue. PVA should not contain any lumps, mechanical inclusions. The color should be white or slightly yellowish - a yellowish tint gives an admixture of a plasticizer. AT quality glue the mass will be homogeneous, without noticeable impurities, viscous. If any lumps are visible in the total mass, such PVA is not worth buying.

Perhaps, on top, on the glue itself, there will be a transparent homogeneous film - this is an indicator good quality. The film must be removed before work, and the glue must be mixed.

And there are several basic rules for working with PVA glue:

1. Degrease surfaces! PVA glue is not stable when working with greasy surfaces. And cleaning the surfaces to be glued from dirt and dust will be very useful.

2. After the material is pasted on the surface, press it with something heavy for 1-2 minutes. This will give the adhesive good adhesion to the surface.

3. Glue is best applied to hard surfaces not with a brush, as many do, but with a spatula with wide teeth. Use the roller for paper.

4. When gluing wallpaper with PVA glue, you do not need to apply glue to the walls! It is advisable to apply glue to the walls only if the walls have an uneven structure. In this case, the glue will need at least 24 hours to dry.

In general, due to the safety and ease of use, PVA glue is very popular among the population, despite the large number of competitors it has. And today, many technologists consider the most promising way to improve PVA instead of developing fundamentally new types of glue.

PVA glue - universal remedy used for gluing various materials. It is an emulsion of polyvinyl acetate in water with the use of additives. It has a characteristic mild odour.

The chemical composition of PVA glue

All components of PVA glue are absolutely safe for human body, non-toxic. The composition of the adhesive includes the following components:

Polyvinyl acetate - 90-95%. Thermoplastic polymer, tasteless, colorless, odorless. The main characteristics are wear resistance, resistance to weathering, adhesion to various surfaces, optical properties. Insoluble in gasoline, water, mineral oil.
Plasticizers (dibutyl phthalate, diisobutyl phthalate, etc.) - 1-2%. Provide resistance to low temperatures, high plasticity.
Special additives - 3-7%. They are used to obtain the required thick adhesive consistency, to increase the adhesion strength during surface treatment.

Specifications

Adhesive ability high level meets the requirements of GOST 18992-450 N/m;
storage time - 6 months;
full solidification time - 24 hours;
low consumption - from 100 to 900 g per 1 m², depending on the type of work.

Polyvinyl acetate properties

Resistance to subzero temperatures;
fire safety/explosion safety;
non-toxic composition;
resistance to elevated level moisture/water resistance;
the formation of a thin durable film after solidification;
in the process of drying, there is minimal shrinkage and filling of the gaps;
price availability.

Varieties of PVA glue

Name	Properties and application
Household (wallpaper)	Sticking wallpaper on paper, vinyl, non-woven base. It is possible to bond other products, but it is desirable to use only for its intended purpose. Resistant to low temperatures.
Universal (PVA-MB)	Suitable for gluing numerous materials (paper, wood, fabric, leather, metal, etc.). Used in the production of putties, concrete mixtures, primer compositions. Plasticization of water-based formulations is possible. Withstands minus temperature up to 20°С.
Stationery (PVA-K)	Used in living conditions mainly for gluing paper, cardboard and other products. Not universal, exposed to low temperatures, water, moisture.
PVA dispersion	It is used primarily as the main component for all adhesive compositions. It can be plasticized and non-plasticized. Used in carpentry and furniture production, in woodworking factories.
Super (PVA-M)	Resistant to low temperatures (up to 40°C) universal adhesive. It is used for mounting linoleum based on felt material, ceramic tiles and other products.

Use as dry mix

Dried PVA dispersion is used as the main component for dry building mixtures. The composition of the mixtures:

filler ( quartz sand, expanded clay, chalk);
chemical additives (dispersion powder);
binder (gypsum, cement, lime).

Features of applying the composition

The substance is applied in the direction from the center to the edges of the product. This technology prevents PVA from getting on the front side of the processed material. On paper, the glue dries much faster compared to other materials, so the mixture must be applied as quickly as possible. It is recommended to apply the substance on a surface with a less porous texture - the absorption of the adhesive is slower.

Problems that may arise when working with glue

To ensure that the materials stick together firmly and evenly, press them firmly against each other. A vise or press will help with this. Drying the adhesive under pressure prevents deformation of the products. When processing thin materials (paper, etc.), one of the layers may bend under the influence of the second. If we take thin and thick sheets of paper as an example, then when gluing a thin sheet quickly soaks under the influence of the adhesive mixture. As a result, it bends a denser material. To avoid deformation, stick with reverse side a dense sheet is another thin one - it will serve as a counterweight.

When using PVA, it is recommended to study the composition and properties, since there are several varieties of this substance. Pay attention to the acidity of the glue. The most simple formula(common compound widely used in Everyday life) tends to yellow over time. Acid-free composition does not change the shade. This category includes PVA used for wallpapering. There are also acid-free stationery adhesives, but finding them is not easy.

Tools

Depending on the area of the surface to be treated, a brush, foam rubber sponge or roller can be used to work with glue. For spot application, the container with glue is usually equipped with a special nozzle. If it is missing or has become unusable, you can use a pipette or a regular syringe, after removing the needle. To process the floor, it is most convenient to use a spatula with wide teeth. After working with the tool, do not throw it away - to clean the brush or roller from the adhesive mixture, rinse them under clean water and dry. After complete drying, the tool is ready for use.

Before applying the mixture, it is important to treat the surface - remove dust, dirt, make sure that the moisture level does not exceed 4%.
If a smooth wall is to be processed, the surface is pre-cleaned to increase adhesion.
The rough surface is pre-primed.
In accordance with the instructions on the package, the mixture is diluted according to the recipe. When working with plywood / fiberboard, it is allowed to use the composition without thinner.