How to insulate a floor on screw piles. Insulation of the floor in a house on screw piles: features of the construction of the subfloor, materials and methods of insulation. Sequence of work when insulating the floor

Main feature The use of piles in the construction of a frame house is the empty space from the grillage to the ground. Which contributes to significant heat loss during the cold season. Lack of heat leads to uncomfortable living and the occurrence of malfunctions that violate the integrity of the structure.
To make your house warm and durable, properly insulate the pile-screw foundation and the floor at the base of the house.
In this article you will learn:

how to insulate the floor in a house on stilts;
how to insulate the basement of a house screw piles.

Insulation materials

For insulation of the base and floor are used various materials. The most popular of them are:

stone (basalt) wool, has high sound, heat insulating and fireproof properties;
expanded clay - cheap, bulk material;
polystyrene foam, reliable and durable, but flammable;
penoplex (expanded polystyrene), retains heat well.

Basalt wool

Stone, or more precisely, basalt wool, is an effective floor insulation material. The chaotic arrangement of internal fibers gives it good noise-reducing, heat-insulating and windproof properties. Basalt wool has high elasticity and vapor conductivity.

Expanded clay

Expanded clay is made from clay and lasts a very long time. The thermal conductivity of a 10 cm layer of expanded clay is equal to the thermal conductivity of a board 25 cm thick or brick wall at 100 cm.

Expanded clay is not exposed to acidic environments. Impact resistant chemical compounds and organic destroyers, to severe frosts and fire.

Foam plastic

Polystyrene foam is cheap, easy to install, moisture resistant, has low thermal conductivity and is lightweight. This material does not require additional supporting structures. It is easy to handle and simple to install. Work using it takes little time, which speeds up the commissioning of the house. The disadvantages of polystyrene foam are fragility and flammability.

Penoplex

Penoplex - an improved type of polystyrene foam - is a recognized leader among thermal insulators. It is light weight, high strength and low vapor permeability.

Penoplex is durable, resistant to wear, humidity and temperature changes. Unlike polystyrene foam, it does not crumble or burn. Resistant to longitudinal and lateral loads. Penoplex boards are installed in the same way as foam boards.

All of the listed properties make penoplex indispensable for insulating basements and floors.

Insulation of the base of a pile-screw foundation

The foundation on screw piles is a prefabricated, stable and durable structure. It is used in flooded, swampy areas, as well as in areas with cold, harsh climates. The base of a house on stilts is the space between the sheathing frame house and the surface of the soil - should be properly insulated. Thermal insulation pile foundation reduces heating costs in winter and air conditioning costs in summer.

Thermal insulation of the base is not only a warm floor, but also the reliability, safety and durability of the building as a whole. It not only reduces heat loss in a frame house, but also insulates the soil underneath.

IN winter time the ground around the piles freezes. Heaving forces arising from the cold can push the piles out of the ground. As a result, the building may become distorted, which will compromise its stability and safety. Insulation of a pile-screw foundation protects communications connected to the house from freezing. Therefore, thermal insulation of the base is an important and critical stage of construction.

Before insulating the base, the grillage and piles should be waterproofed. To do this, use roofing felt and bitumen-based mastic. There is no need to insulate the piles.

There are several ways to thermally insulate foundations on piles. One of them is shown below.

Scheme of external thermal insulation of a pile foundation.

This option involves installing a supporting structure on the piles, onto which they attach facing material. If it is necessary to enhance insulation, use cement bonded particle board and insulation (basalt wool or penoplex).

Another option involves using it as insulation brickwork. Externally attached to the masonry cladding panels, decorative cladding or siding. If thermal insulation from the inside is required, inner side 3 cm thick penoplex is glued onto the brick wall and laid in buried soil.

The third option is to construct the basement walls from polystyrene foam. Considering the excellent properties of this material, thermal insulation work using it is carried out quickly. The result is high quality and reliable. In this case, it is not necessary to install a structure to support the walls.

Before constructing walls made of polystyrene foam, it is necessary to dig a shallow trench around the perimeter of the base to deepen them. Penoplex slabs are placed tightly against each other. The seams between them are sealed polyurethane foam. For additional insulation, they are backed with expanded clay. To eliminate moisture, vents are cut out in opposite corners of the base - holes for ventilation.

The walls of the penoplex base do not need to be covered with decorated cladding. But the outside needs to be covered metal mesh so that rodents do not enter the base. To complete the insulation of the foundation, this mesh is covered with facing material.

We must remember that the second and third options for insulating the basement are best implemented during the construction of the house. Since after the box is built and communications are connected, the base becomes difficult to access. But with a significant height of the basement space, insulation can be done even after the box is erected.

Floor insulation in a frame house on stilts

The floor at the base of a frame house is insulated during the construction process. Floor insulation helps prevent:

the appearance of condensation on the surface of the floors;
wood rotting high humidity;
significant heat loss in the house.

Basic structural elements of an insulated floor:

rough floor;
hydro and wind protection;
insulation;
vapor barrier;
finishing floor

This heat-protective cake provides comfortable accommodation, and extends the service life of individual structural elements houses and buildings in general.

The installation of a heated floor begins after a grillage beam of 150×200 or 200×200 mm in cross-section is installed on the piles screwed into the ground.

Logs made of edged boards with a cross section of 50 × 150 mm with an interval of 50 - 60 cm. A subfloor is sewn to the underside of the log from a 100 × 25 mm edged board. It is important that the subfloor boards adjoin closely to each other and the joists.

The resulting structure is treated with an antiseptic. On the subfloor between the joists, overlapping them, hydro and wind protection is laid, on which the insulation lies. The insulation is covered with a vapor barrier and sewn up with a floor strip.

Construction of the floor of a frame house on screw piles.

If you want to insulate the foundation and floor with your own hands

The steps to insulate your floor may differ slightly from the above diagram. If the house is one-story, use a grillage beam of a smaller section. If there is a lot of humidity under the house, cover the subfloor on the base side with a moisture-proof film.

The climate of your area will determine the size of the insulation used, and, consequently, the amount of space between the joists of your house. The finished floor can be made not only from floor lath, but also from laminate, which is laid on oriented strand board and underlay.

If you do the insulation of the foundation and floor on screw piles with your own hands, use the Construction Calculator. It will help determine the materials and dimensions of the structural elements of the basement and the floor of the first floor. At the same time, remember that consultation with a specialist will never be superfluous.

Pile foundations have gained widespread popularity due to their relatively low price and the ability to be used in poor soil conditions. Such structures are quickly installed and can be used for almost any type of structure. Insulation of the floor pie in a frame house on stilts has its own characteristics that must be taken into account in order to avoid problems during further operation.

Building design features

When erecting a building on screw piles, it is necessary to take into account that the house does not have a basement or basement, but there is a ventilated underground. Such foundations are used mainly in swampy areas, so another important factor during operation there will be increased humidity in the space under the house.

When building a house on screw foundations, it is important to pay great attention operational characteristics insulation and additional layers.

For reliable protection thermal insulation material And interior spaces High humidity will result in waterproofing and vapor barrier, neglect of which will soon lead to serious problems.

Frame house floor composition

Bottom view of the floor of a house on stilts

To build a ceiling over a ventilated space, you will need to lay the layers in the following order:

carrier wooden frame(with a subfloor that “carries” insulation);
a layer of vapor-permeable wind protection (to protect the insulation from “weathering”);
thermal insulation material;
steam and waterproofing;
finished floor construction (board + finished floor).

All materials for a building on screw foundations must be laid in this order. Some sources indicate the erroneous installation of vapor barrier on the cold air side, but this makes no sense. Steam forms in a warm room and settles on cooler surfaces, thus forming condensation. To prevent condensation from penetrating the thermal insulation layer and reducing the degree of protection of the building from the cold, a vapor barrier is provided.

Why is insulation necessary?

The need for thermal insulation material is not always clear to a person far from construction. From the point of view of the future home owner, it is much easier to start from bearing capacity designs.

Neglect of thermal insulation standards can lead to the following problems during the operation of the building:

condensation on the surface of the floor in the technical underground;
decreased building energy efficiency and increased heating costs;
high humidity leads to wood rotting, mold and mildew, resulting in wooden structures They quickly fail and require expensive repairs.

Insulating the floor in a frame house allows you to avoid these troubles and ensure long term service of the building and all its structures separately.

Insulation materials

Attention should be paid not only to the insulation material, but also to vapor barrier, waterproofing and wind protection.

Choice of insulation

Various materials can be used as a thermal insulation layer. It is important to consider the possibility of operation in conditions of high humidity. The most rational solutions are the following options:

Mineral wool insulation. Minvata has a large number advantages, including non-flammability, high thermal insulation characteristics. Not subject to biological influences. The disadvantages include the fact that if water gets on the material, it sags and loses its properties. Compared to other types, this insulation has a fairly high cost. Mineral wool is produced in the form of rolls and slabs. For the floor of a house on screw foundations, it is better to use slab insulation, since it has greater rigidity. Depending on the type of raw material, stone, glass and slag wool are distinguished. It is important that when working with material, builders must have protective equipment: overalls, gloves, a mask.

attractively priced and has good performance thermal protection. It is worth considering that when exposed to low temperatures at high humidity it may crumble into small balls. Such damage leads to a violation of the building's thermal protection. If polystyrene foam is used, it is important to carefully protect it from moisture penetration.

(known to everyone as “Penoplex”) looks very similar to polystyrene foam, but lacks its main disadvantages. The material has higher strength and low water absorption. Thanks to this, you don’t have to worry about its destruction when low temperatures. In addition, extruded polystyrene foam is produced with special additives that allow it to fall into the group non-combustible materials. The thermal protection characteristics of the above three materials are almost identical.

Another cheap option for insulating the floor of a house on screw piles is expanded clay. It is inferior in thermal insulation properties to all other materials, but is affordable. It is non-flammable and easy to use. It consists of round-shaped transverse clay particles.

Selection of related materials

The next step is to choose waterproofing and windproofing. Modern manufacturers produce materials that combine both of these functions at once. The design of the ceiling in a house on screw piles is somewhat reminiscent of an inverted pie mansard roof, for the construction of which builders often use moisture- and wind-proof vapor-permeable membranes. Such multifunctional material allows you to save time on installation.

A vapor barrier is laid on the insulation. It can serve as a regular polyethylene film. In addition, you can purchase special materials.

All wooden frame elements in mandatory treated with antiseptic compounds. This helps protect them from mildew, mildew, and insect damage.

Installation process

Laying the floor pie in a frame house on screw piles is carried out in the following order:

Layout of load-bearing beams (logs);
attaching parallel to joists cranial bars small section;
styling boardwalk or plywood;
fixed on top of the flooring vapor permeable wind protection;
installation insulation differs depending on the type chosen (laying, backfilling);
laid out and secured on top of the heat-insulating layer polyethylene film or a special one is glued vapor barrier material;
erection of the structure flooring .

All the nuances of the technology are revealed in more detail in this video:

The installation process is quite simple, and you can do it yourself, which significantly reduces the financial costs of construction.
If all the rules are followed, the correct order of laying the layers of the floor pie for a house on screw piles and a responsible attitude to the choice of materials, the future owner receives a reliable and durable structure that will protect the building from the penetration of cold. Self-installation allows you to carefully control the quality of construction.

Considering the design features of a frame house on stilts, the floor must not only be durable, but also light enough so as not to unnecessarily load the foundation of the house. No less important good thermal insulation this part of the structure. That is why it is better to make the flooring in a frame house from wood. This material is environmentally friendly, warm and light. To increase the thermal insulation of the ground floor floor, a heating system can be provided.

Floor materials

If you are going to make the floor with your own hands, then first you need to choose the right one building materials. When choosing the type of wood from which the main load-bearing parts of the structural floor pie will be made, you should take into account the climatic conditions of the construction region, the intensity of the loads on this structural part of the house, your financial capabilities, as well as the characteristics of each room, for example, in the bathroom you will need good waterproofing of the floor.

When building a house on screw piles, the frame of the first floor can be made using the following types of wood:

Needles. This type of wood is relatively inexpensive, durable and strong. It is suitable for construction in small spaces, for example, in the bathroom or hallway.
Aspen and oak are more expensive types of wood. Their performance indicators of strength, reliability and durability are significantly higher than those of other breeds. Using elements made from these types of wood, you can make frame structures in a children's room and bedroom.

When constructing a floor in a house on screw piles, it is equally important to use well-dried wood. If you build a floor from wet material, then as it dries, cracks will form in the structure. External condition wooden elements for building a house is no less important. They should be free of stains, cracks and other defects.

Advice: to install a floor in a house on stilts, it is better to buy 1st grade wood with a moisture content not exceeding 20%.

To correctly calculate the required volume of material, it is necessary to add 10% to the area of the room. The flooring of a house on screw piles is best made from two-meter boards. To avoid discrepancies in color and texture, you should purchase products from the same batch. The best flooring for any floor of a frame house will be a tongue-and-groove edged board. She doesn't demand final grinding, which will reduce work completion time and reduce labor costs.

Flooring materials

Making a floor in a frame wooden house, most often used as flooring:

glued parquet board (inexpensive material with low performance characteristics);
parquet (a more expensive and durable product);
solid parquet board (durable coating);
solid wood board (material with high wear resistance).

Naturally, all of them are not suitable for the floor in the bathroom, kitchen and toilet. It is better to use for bathroom and toilet rooms ceramic tiles. The main thing in the design of the second floor floor is to provide good waterproofing in places with high humidity.

Load-bearing structures of the floor of a frame house on stilts

The installation of a floor in a frame house can begin after the construction of a pile foundation and completion of the strapping. It is better to make it from timber, I-beam or channel. We will use it for strapping wooden beams, to which we will attach the logs. The span length of the framing beams should be no more than 3 m. If the span is greater than this value, then it is necessary to use additional supports from piles. For beams, you can take a beam with a section of 100X100 mm from coniferous species wood.

Before laying the strapping, it is necessary to waterproof the base using penofol, roofing felt or plastic film.

After installing the beams, you can proceed to laying the joists. The pitch of these elements is 500 mm. The construction of the floor in a house on stilts is carried out using beams (joists) with a section of 100x250 mm for the first floor and 70x200 mm for the second floor. If the spans to be overlapped are small, for example in a bathroom, then the cross-section of the beams can be reduced to 50x150 mm. In some cases, a lag pitch of 40 cm is used to increase the strength of the structure. For more information on how to install a floor frame, see the video at the end of the article.

Before laying the logs on the harness, you need to make markings equal to their pitch. Next, recesses along the width of the lags are sawed into the strapping beam. After laying in the grooves of the strapping, the logs are fixed with dowels, screws, nails or self-tapping screws.

Important: all wooden load-bearing structures floors must be treated with antiseptics and fire retardants to protect against rotting and burning.

You need to attach 30x30 mm boards to the joists from below. To increase the strength of the floor structure, sometimes during construction the logs are connected to each other by transverse jumpers with a pitch of 150 cm. But this is not necessary. This kind of structural reinforcement is recommended if a heated concrete floor is to be installed.

As for the second floor floor frame, floor beams will be used here, not joists. We take their pitch to be 500 mm. The flooring will be laid directly over the beams.

Thermal insulation of the first floor floor

If you decide to build a house on screw piles with your own hands, then special attention You need to pay attention to insulating the floor of the first floor. The structural design of a wooden floor on the second floor does not require such careful thermal insulation.

As a rule, the construction of houses on stilts is carried out using beams. To do this, we lay the slats along the slats attached to the bottom of the joists. OSB boards or plywood. The design in cross section will resemble the letter W.

Now you can begin installing hydro- and vapor barriers. To do this we do the following:

We spread the joists on top waterproofing film so that it sag into the gaps between the joists. Can be used membrane waterproofing or regular film.
We place thermal insulation material in the spaces between the joists (on top of the film). Mineral wool is suitable for these purposes. If you want to properly insulate your house on stilts, then it is better to use basalt wool.
The waterproofing film on the joists must be secured with a stapler.
The structural design of the first floor floor in a house on stilts must include a vapor barrier. If you are building with your own hands, then do not forget that the vapor barrier material is laid with an overlap of 150 mm. The joints must be taped.

Using the method described above, the construction of the first floor floor is carried out in any room, be it a bathroom, kitchen or living room. As for the constructive cake of the second floor floor, it can be done without heat and waterproofing material. But in the bathroom and other places with wet processes, it is worth laying a waterproofing layer into the floor structure. In the video below you can learn in more detail about the construction of the floor of a house on stilts with your own hands.

Flooring installation

The next layer of the structural pie is made with a board 3 cm thick. When laying the boards with your own hands, keep a step of 40-50 cm. This sheathing along the joists will allow you to get a ventilation gap. You can attach the boards to the joists with self-tapping screws.

We lay the subfloor on the sheathing of boards. It can be a tongue-and-groove board or a regular board. We fasten it to the sheathing with self-tapping screws.
You can lay purchased flooring on the boards with your own hands.

Since the front layer of the floor in the bathroom and toilet will be tiles, it is better to lay plywood or OSB on the rough boards to level the surface. At the same time, the structural pie in such rooms must include additional waterproofing, which is laid over plywood.

Warm floor of a frame house

You can make a warm floor in a house on stilts with your own hands. This is not shown in the video below, but the process is simple and takes place in the following sequence:

A structural heated floor pie includes the same load-bearing wooden frame as for a non-heated floor, with the only difference being that the plywood sheets are not laid on backing boards, but on cranial blocks attached to the joists with self-tapping screws on the sides. You can use a cranial block with a cross-section of 30x30 mm and fasten it in increments of 15-20 cm.
After laying the plywood on the beams and performing waterproofing, we lay expanded polystyrene in the gap between the joists. The top surface of the polystyrene foam boards should be flush with the top of the joists.
Next you need to lay a layer vapor barrier film, bringing it onto the walls above the expected level of the finished floor.
We lay a reinforcing mesh over the film and fill it with a thin layer of cement mortar.
Then we lay the heating mats of the heated floor system on the reflective layer of foil insulation. We perform concrete screed.
We install flooring. If the floor is in the bathroom or kitchen, then you can use tiles.

Pile foundations, including columnar and screw foundations, are most preferable for the installation of such lightweight buildings as frame houses. With this method of construction, the floor of a frame house is raised above the ground and is exposed to daily, seasonal and general climatic temperature changes for a given area.

Consequently, the floor of a frame house on stilts must be insulated in the same way as its ceiling and walls. And this event should be taken with full responsibility, since small costs for insulating the floor when making it yourself will help save significant funds on heating or cooling the house during its operation.

In order for the insulation of the floor in a house on stilts to give the desired result, you should understand the purpose of each layer of the “pie” filling, and also correctly implement this knowledge with your own hands. So, the floor of a frame house consists of the following elements:

bottom sheathing (lining);
windproof layer;
insulation;
vapor barrier;
wooden flooring.

All structural parts of the floor are supported by logs - thick boards or timber, which are the main load-bearing element. The logs themselves rest either on the foundation frame or on lower crown frame house. Due to the fact that the thickness of the joists, as a rule, is almost equal to the thickness of the floor pie (minus the filing and wooden flooring), it determines the relationship between the layers.

Otherwise, if, for example, insulating a house in harsh conditions climatic conditions dictates the need for a larger layer of insulating material than the thickness of the log allows; it is this requirement that determines the choice of the standard size of the load-bearing parts, and not considerations of strength.

Bottom binder

Forms a supporting surface for all other layers. Made from either wooden board(slats) or from any sheet material (plywood, fiberboard, chipboard, OSB, MDF, flat slate etc.). It is attached to the bottom of the joists and together with them forms a kind of boxes, which are subsequently filled with insulation and other components of the floor structure. If you are making sheet material with your own hands, be it a floor or a ceiling, we recommend connecting all the plates on joists.

And if this is not possible, insert additional spacers across the joists at the joints of the sheets. If the bottom lining is made of boards or slats, you can use low-quality lumber, even unedged. They are nailed under the joists over the entire floor area. The distance between the boards should not exceed 1-2 cm.

Windproof layer

After installing the bottom filing, it is necessary to install windproofing to protect against drafts and flows of cold or hot air. Any sheet airtight insulator is suitable for this purpose - PVC film, polyethylene, roofing felt, roofing felt and the like. rolled materials. They are laid along the entire length of the joist, leaving a run upward of at least 10 cm.

If polyethylene or polyvinyl chloride film is used as wind protection, its thickness must be at least 300 microns. It’s even better to purchase reinforced film, which is used for covering greenhouses and greenhouses. This is useful because when installing insulation with your own hands, the wind protection may be damaged, which will significantly reduce its effectiveness.

Insulation

The main layer that provides the necessary indoor microclimate. and are produced with the following materials.

Mineral wool. There are various types of it: glass wool (consisting of thin and long glass fibers), slag wool and stone wool(consist of thin sections of recycled steel waste or magmatic melts). The construction industry produces mineral wool in the form of rolls and in the form of mats, usually 100x50 cm in size. It is a good heat and sound insulator, is not flammable and is not affected by fungus. In addition, the sharp ends of the fibers that make up mineral wool repel rats, mice and other rodents that are not very desirable in the house. At the same time, these fibers have an irritating effect on the skin and respiratory system. This material should be laid with your own hands only in protective clothing and well dried, since mineral wool is quite hygroscopic, and with high humidity the insulating properties deteriorate.
Foam plastic. It is a highly foamed synthetic polymer - polystyrene foam. Available in the form of slabs measuring 1x2 or 1x1 m, thickness from 1 to 10 cm. Lightweight, convenient and practical material, which has no competitors where weight is the main thing (for example, the ceiling). Cuts perfectly even with ordinary kitchen knife, fastened either with self-tapping screws with wide washers-linings, or with polyurethane foam. Superior mineral wool on heat and sound insulating properties. Does not absorb odors and does not contain components harmful to humans. Moisture resistant and not susceptible to mold. The disadvantage of polystyrene foam is that at temperatures above 120ºС it begins to decompose, releasing compounds that are toxic to humans. In addition, polystyrene foam is easily destroyed by rodents. And during loading, unloading and transportation, it often crumbles from the surface. Based on the combination of qualities, foam insulation is the best option.

Expanded clay

Quite a worthy material for insulating the floor in a frame house. Expanded clay is a product of firing clay shale at temperatures above 1000ºС. The result is light porous pellets with a density of 300 to 600 kg/cub.m. They have low thermal conductivity and are well insulated from external noise.

Besides, this material very resistant to impact high temperatures and does not lose its properties when wet. But the main advantage of expanded clay is the price. Insulating the floor in a house on stilts will cost an order of magnitude less, both in terms of material and labor. The fact is that expanded clay does not need to be adjusted to size, fastened or glued, cracks eliminated, etc. It is enough to simply pour a layer of the required thickness and level it with a wooden mop relative to the top edge of the joists.

Vapor barrier

This layer does not directly affect insulation. Vapor barrier performs auxiliary functions, although its usefulness is not in doubt. An increase in air humidity in the room (during cleaning, cooking, etc.) inevitably entails an increase in the content of water vapor inside the wooden floor. And this is fraught negative consequences, ranging from deterioration of the insulating properties of insulation to rotting and destruction of wooden structures. At the same time, to ventilate the space under the flooring, it is necessary to ensure air circulation. A material that allows ordinary air to pass through, but does not allow water vapor to pass through, are the so-called diffuse or breathable membranes. They are produced and sold in the form of rolls, which are easy to work with.

In principle, almost any moisture-proof coating, both rolled and applied (paint, bitumen, etc.), can be used as a vapor barrier, but in this case additional ventilation of the underground space will have to be provided. And the cost of this event will exceed the cost of such an expensive material as membrane film.

Wood flooring

In terms of floor insulation, the function of wooden flooring is to fix all other layers, which, as a rule, are not resistant to mechanical impact after installation.

In conclusion, it should be noted that information on how to properly insulate frame house with your own hands - an already proven and proven thing. However, specific features, such as, for example, the thickness of the insulation layer, are determined for each specific region where you are building a frame house on stilts.