Attaching stair steps to a bowstring. How to install strings for stairs yourself, taking into account the features of fastening and marking? Attaching the steps of a wooden staircase to a stringer

Wooden steps should be attached to a concrete staircase in such a way that the created structure ensures safe movement along it. At the same time, the structure itself should not stand out from the existing interior, but fit harmoniously into it. Let's figure out how to achieve this.

Wooden steps - we will improve the concrete staircase>

Concrete staircase structures are rightfully considered to be the most durable and reliable. Such structures last for many decades and can withstand heavy loads without problems. You can build them yourself by building them using publicly available and inexpensive building materials– sand, cement, crushed stone. The disadvantage of any concrete staircase is that it does not look the best from the outside. This problem can be easily solved. You can decorate the building with any decorative material, starting from natural stone and tiles, and ending with fibreboards or natural wood.

Wooden staircase

Owners of private houses most often use solid wood for cladding staircase structures made of concrete. It's not cheap. But also the results finishing works, made using this material, turn out amazing without the slightest exaggeration. The use of wood allows you to create a special atmosphere of luxury and chic in your home. Finishing the stairs with solid wood also has a number of important advantages. Natural material:

perfectly protects the structure from operational damage (concrete spalling):
makes it possible to mask base defects;
accumulates heat;
causes pleasant tactile sensations (wood is very pleasant to the touch).

Caring for wooden steps is quite simple. Moreover, their service life is estimated at many years. True, for this you will have to take care of the material in advance - treat it with special impregnations that protect the products from the sun and moisture.

Choosing the type of wood for finishing - what are the options?

You can refine a concrete staircase different wood. The cheapest option is solid pine. Such products are easy to process with your own hands, they are light in weight, which facilitates the process of installing steps. But you need to understand that pine boards in terms of strength properties they are not ideal in operation. With intensive use of stairs, they quickly fail and lose their attractive appearance. The durability of pine structures is also negatively affected by the variable indoor microclimate. Boards dry out and become loose with temperature changes, and also lose their initial properties under the influence of moisture.

Wood for arranging steps

For these reasons, steps are most often made of walnut, oak, maple, larch, beech and birch. If your budget for finishing the stairs is unlimited, you can choose more expensive types of wood - iroko, lapacha, merbau, wenge, teak. Their exotic appearance is complemented by excellent performance characteristics.The most durable products are made from beech. Steps made from this wood are built to last for centuries.. But processing beech wood is very difficult. It is almost impossible to cope with this material on your own. You may have a lot of problems when installing steps from it.

Easier to work with oak boards. In terms of strength, they are not much inferior to beech wood, but they are much easier to process.

There is also a problem here - the high cost of solid oak. Not everyone can afford to purchase such material for finishing concrete stairs. There is a way out! Instead of oak products, you can use those made from larch. They are cheaper in price, and in most respects they are identical to solid oak. Choose the material for cladding structures taking into account your financial capabilities and personal preferences, and then you can get a staircase in your home that is impeccable in all respects. It will decorate the interior of your home and give you a feeling of comfort.

Installation of steps - start with a concrete base and substrate

The first step is preparing the concrete base. If the staircase was built by professionals, there will, of course, be no significant defects on its surface. In this case, you just need to level the base using easy-to-use. If there are noticeable differences in height on the surface of the structure, you will have to do additional work on the stairs. You will have to install a special underlay under each step. It is made from plywood. Such a substrate and concrete base will be able to properly level and, in addition, will protect the structure from mechanical loads, acting as a shock absorber.

Installation of steps

You need to purchase plywood sheets 1–1.5 cm thick and cut out the backings from them, focusing on the size of the steps. Then prime the surface of the stairs well, apply to pieces of plywood (with reverse side) wood glue and mount them in the intended place. Be sure to check the correct position of the substrates on the staircase structure with a building level. The plywood should be additionally secured. Glue will not be enough to securely fix the substrates to concrete steps. Fastening plywood products is usually done with dowels. They are installed on both sides of the steps. Decide for yourself the number of hardware required, remembering that the plywood must adhere firmly to the base.

Installation and fastening of “clothing” for the stairs - we do it together

Now cut the treads and risers from your chosen wood, focusing on the dimensions of the staircase. Installation wooden products always starts from the bottom of the structure according to the following scheme:

Drill three holes at the bottom of the riser (at the end). Their depth is taken to be about 1.5 cm, their cross-section is no more than 0.5 cm. The holes should be located in the middle of the riser and on both sides.
Screw 6mm diameter bolts into the holes made. They will play the role of anchors. Their ends must protrude above the structure by about 7–8 mm.
Bite off (cut off with a grinder) the bolt heads.
Place the riser to the first step (to its end), mark on the floor the places where the anchors fall, and drill holes in the marked areas. Then you need to fill the resulting “holes” with resin (epoxy).
Mount the riser in the designated place. fasten this element to the plywood substrate using liquid nails. Coat a piece of plywood with this adhesive, and then carefully place the riser on it (the screwed-in anchor bolts must be inserted into the holes that were made on the floor).

Arrangement of wooden steps

Some craftsmen fasten risers and plywood with universal self-tapping screws or suitable-sized nails. This option can also be used. But such work should be performed as carefully as possible so as not to damage the wood and fairly thin plywood products. The next step is installing the tread. To do this, you need to cut a special groove in it. It will be located at the joining point of the end (upper) of the already mounted riser and the installed tread.

Now everything is easier. Attach the next riser to the second end of the mounted tread (it must be secured with self-tapping screws). Then coat the groove and plywood backing with adhesive and install the first stage. To ensure that it grips well, it is advisable to place something heavy on it. The remaining steps are installed in a similar manner. After installing the wooden steps, be sure to fill any gaps and sand them. After sanding, you can treat the wood with stain. When it dries, apply varnish to the steps. The latter is usually used three times. Varnish the steps once, wait for the composition to dry, then repeat the procedure twice.

As you can see, there are no serious difficulties with the process of finishing a concrete staircase with wood. The main thing is to adhere to the described recommendations and correctly fasten the steps using liquid nails and other hardware (nails, screws, dowels). The result of your work will be a chicly designed concrete staircase.

Many private houses have a staircase leading to the second floor. As a rule, it is designed at the stage of developing the layout of the entire building. In principle, during construction there is various works, which are quite possible to do independently, for example, to mount the same steps if they are made of wood. However, many craftsmen cannot understand how to attach the steps of a wooden staircase. From this article you will learn about the main method of assembling such a structure and make sure that such a procedure can be easily carried out with your own hands.

Ladder on bowstrings

The vast majority of indoor stairs are assembled using bowstrings. That's what they call it supporting structure flight of stairs itself. It looks like a beam with cutouts, which, in turn, are made on its inside - it is in these cutouts that the steps are placed. This method Master fastenings are called classic.

Materials

Most often, bowstrings are made from:

Wood. Only coniferous and deciduous species are used. Conifers are considered very good, but they have one drawback - they are capable of releasing resin. For this reason, it is better to choose hardwood.
Metal.
Reinforced concrete.

Options

The dimensions of the finished bowstring directly depend on the length of the flight of stairs. Before attaching the steps of a wooden staircase, it is worth considering the following parameters:

For a staircase whose width is 90 cm, it is better to make a string from a board whose thickness is approximately 0.5 cm and width 30 cm.
Nesting cuts are made at a depth of 2 cm.
The minimum width of the bowstring itself is 27.5 cm.

In order to correctly mark the bowstring, two main methods are used:

Using a ruler and square.
Using a special template.

Important! For each method you need to draw a support line. It must be marked 4-5 cm from the edge of the workpiece. Before you begin to perform all operations for making a bowstring, you must mandatory saturate the wood blank with a primer composition.

When marking the bowstring, you need to consider the following points:

It is necessary that the marching inclination be 30-40 degrees.
The depth of the steps must be at least 30 cm.
The height of each of them is approximately 20 cm.

Tools

In order to make steps and a bowstring, you need to stock up on the following items:

Tape measure, square and ruler.
Jigsaw.
Level.
Drill.
Manual milling machine.
Hammer.
Screwdriver set.
Bit.
Wood slats (can be replaced with metal corners).

Installation

Before you begin attaching the steps of a wooden staircase, you need to cut out the grooves using a manual milling machine. After this, the structure must be attached to the location of the wooden staircase. This procedure can be carried out in two ways:

By installing the racks in the designated holes in the floor.
Attach these posts using anchor bolts.

The next step is to attach the steps to the string. The steps, which you have already cut to suitable sizes and processed, and the risers are attached to grooves or screwed to wooden blocks or metal corners.

Important! It is very important to do these parts with extreme precision, otherwise the entire structure will wobble more and more over time and make an unpleasant creaking sound.

The strings should be fastened to each other using ties every 3-4 steps.

We attach the steps with stringers

You can attach the steps on a wooden staircase to a stringer made of metal or wood. This is the name of the support beam, which has a sawtooth shape. Wooden parts are attached to its protrusions. You can install either one stringer or several. The steps are attached to them with screws, and their top caps must be closed with small wooden plugs.

Important! The best option There will be cutting out steps from oak or pine wood. As a rule, craftsmen do not install risers - this makes the structure lighter and soft look. It is also worth noting that even to assemble a wooden staircase you simply need to have welding skills.

Final finishing

After you have secured the steps of the wooden staircase, it needs to be good fencing, consisting of railings with balusters. For this purpose, you need to follow several rules:

It is necessary that the gap between them be at least 15 cm and no more than 20 cm.
They are attached to the outside of the bowstring using screws, dowels, pins or spikes.
For the studs, you need to drill a hole with a diameter of 12 mm to a depth of 80 mm. They are planted on glue, leaving 5-7 mm outside.

Further work is as follows:

It is necessary to drill a hole in the bowstring, the depth of which is 10 cm.
Next, the outermost columns are installed. Between them you need to pull the twine and place the remaining balusters.
Attach the railings, which are made of a block, 80-100 mm wide.
Cover the entire structure with varnish or paint to provide a protective layer.

Safety

Finally, materials that resist slipping can be laid on the steps.

To connect risers with steps, we will choose the simplest and most sufficient effective way for connecting parts made of solid wood - this is a connection using wooden dowels. In our case, the dowel performs the same function as in the manufacture of log houses - it is to maintain the verticality of the riser and prevent it from moving in any direction.

In the figure, the numbers indicate the installation locations of the dowels; as you can see, it is necessary to install at least three dowels: two on the side and one dowel in the center of the step. This option for installing dowels will allow you to securely secure the riser to the stair tread. It is advisable to make the depth of the dowel in the step and riser at least half the thickness of the step, that is, 20 mm.

The dowel for connecting risers and steps can be made, for example, from solid birch, oak or beech.

You can start marking the holes in the steps only after the steps have been cut to the size we need - 860 mm! We cut the steps from the side that is located towards the wall of the house.

Now we are moving on to preparing the connections between the riser and the steps. As can be seen from the figure, first step A is installed, then the riser into which the dowels are already inserted, and then step B is installed.

In order to attach the pad to the step in this way, it is necessary to make holes in the steps of the stairs. We also make holes in the risers and install dowels in them. Let's start with an example of marking the locations of holes from the bottom stage A:

Making holes on the front side

From the rear end of the step we measure 10 mm and draw the X axis. From the left end we measure 430 mm, the middle of the step and draw the Y1 axis. We mark the side holes as follows - we measure 50 mm from the left and right ends and draw the Y axis and the Y2 axis. At the intersection of the Y axes and the X axis, we place marks that serve as the center of the holes.

The marking of the step under the letter B is almost identical. We will just find the axis as follows. From the rear end of the step we measure 289 mm and draw the axis we need. Next, we repeat all the steps for marking the holes, as we did when marking the steps from the front side:

Making holes on the back side

On the riser at the lower and upper ends we apply markings as follows. We measure 10 mm from the rear end and draw the X axis. Next, in order for the holes in the risers to coincide with the holes in the steps, we locate the Y axes in the same way as on the steps.

In order for the holes to have the same depth, they must be drilled with a depth limiter, which can be done using an adjustment bar on the drill or the drilling depth limiter is attached to the drill.

There are two ways to purchase a wooden staircase - buy ready-made or order individual project, you can also make the product yourself. Many people, having spent a fairly large amount on a staircase, save on its assembly and try to mount the structure with their own hands.

Serious staircase manufacturers, who care about their reputation and the convenience of the client, adjust all the details at the rough assembly stage. Later, the staircase is disassembled, covered with various protective impregnations, painted, if provided, and reassembled. That's why self-assembly such designs do not cause any particular difficulties, of course, if you have minimal skills and necessary tools.

Since staircase structures come in different types, installation methods also differ. But there are rules that apply to all options:

Number the parts if the manufacturer did not do so;
Location doorways in relation to the interfloor area;
According to the numbering, determine the assembly sequence;
If the walls and floor are not too smooth, then level the surfaces;
Put first those elements that will be difficult to get to later;
If the accuracy of the design is in doubt, then it is better to start installation from the top, then it is easier to adjust the length of the flight.

They, in turn, are divided according to the type of fastening of the steps:

Console.

How to attach steps to a wooden staircase of this design:

Using a profile, which is then covered with plasterboard or other material.
They cut into the wall 20-40 cm;
With the help of a cable, it also replaces the handrails;
On the bolts, which are attached to the wall with pins, steps are pulled together on the other edge;
Attached to welded metal stringers.

On the bowstrings

These are boards or beams that cover the ends of the steps. From an aesthetic point of view, such stairs look attractive. And in this case, it’s immediately clear how to install balusters on a wooden staircase.

On the stringers

A very reliable, but labor-intensive fastening, also involves several types (embedded steps, on fillies). Stringers are load-bearing beams on which the steps rest.

Before attaching the balusters, their number and frequency of placement are determined. You can install:

At every stage;
Having missed one;
Having missed two;
Missing three.

However, for safety, it is recommended to make the distance between the elements about 20 cm. If the balusters are very thin and the tread is wide, then you can install two parts per step. Such elements serve as decoration and do not carry a load. The pillars are installed at the beginning and end of the march, if it is long, then in the middle.

Before attaching balusters to a wooden staircase, make markings. All elements must be on the same line, therefore, with different diameters of balusters and posts, mark their centers at the attachment point. An equal distance of 5-10 cm is set aside from the end of the steps; this point will be the center of the hole for the baluster. The thicker it is, the more you need to step back from the edge so that ultimately the part is at a distance of 2-5 cm from it.

6 cm:2 5 cm = 8 cm - this is the desired value by which you need to retreat from the edge, which is also the center of the hole.

Types of fastening balusters:

On self-tapping screws;
On the thorns;
Dowels;
Hairpins.

How to secure a wooden ladder

First, the tools are prepared. Basically these are:

hacksaw;
roulette;
level;
brushes;
plane;
pencil and other tools depending on the design (for example, a screwdriver).

Before starting the installation of the stairs, it is necessary to make a drawing and make an estimate, where the height and width are calculated, the shape of the steps and the method of their fastening are designed. But the design takes into account the space that the staircase should allow, the configuration of the structure and the lifting height, as well as the aesthetic appearance.

Screw structures are rarely used even if the area of the room is wooden house very small. The small demand for this type of ladder is due to the fact that it is inconvenient to use, for example, for lifting or lowering massive things. It performs a single function - descent or ascent.

Marching stairs are installed quite often. Its appearance in a wooden house consists of marches consisting of steps and platforms. In turn, they are single-flight and multi-flight. Using this type of model, using all your imagination, you can make stairs to suit any design.

Marching stairs They can be straight, they can be made with either one flight or two, which are separated by platforms. The disadvantage of these stairs is that they are very massive and small room their use is unwise.

They mainly use rotating double-flight staircases, since this design saves space. You can install marches with a curved design, which has a convenient approach angle, where the steps are rotary. When making multi-flight stairs, you can not use platforms, but make turning steps.

To choose a suitable design, firstly, you need to select a space into which the staircase will fit and will not create inconvenience during use. Secondly, you need to make measurements, calculations and draw a drawing with the location of all elements.

There are a lot of requirements and you need to take into account all of them, which ultimately, when made with your own hands, will give an exemplary staircase.

Let's look at them in detail:

The most important requirement– selection of the appropriate ratio “width-height of steps/step depth”. The average, widely used figure ranges from 16 to 25 cm. If you reduce the step width, then raise the board higher than expected, the stairs will become steeper;
Dimensions: width between 80 and 100 cm, width from 35 to 50 cm, riser height - 15-20 cm;
The steps should be either solid wood or laminated wood slats;
The thickness of the riser is usually between 15 and 20 mm;
Speaking about the winder, consider the recommended dimensions: length from 80 to 120 cm, width from 18 to 20 cm, thickness - 2 cm;
The board must be perfectly dried and coated with an antiseptic, have hydrophobic protection, otherwise it will creak as soon as it is saturated with water;
Painting with varnish is a recipe for failure. You can stick a special anti-slip tape, which will look unpresentable. To prevent falls, it is better to cover the board with: carpet, non-slip linoleum, polyurethane, rubber/caoutchouc.

Console.

On the stringers

Balusters are supports for railings that combine a decorative function with a practical one. At the wooden staircase design balusters can be made of other materials:

Glass;
Metal;
Polymer;
Stone;
Combined (wood metal, glass metal).

According to the manufacturing method, wooden balusters are:

With carved elements;
Milling;
Chiseled.

Flat;
Cylindrical;
Square.

Solid wood is used to make balusters different breeds, both elite expensive and inexpensive: beech and oak, cherry and walnut, mahogany and bamboo, as well as birch, pine, ash, larch and birch. The main condition is not to overdry it, since wood that is too dry is brittle and can split during the assembly process. Wood that is too wet also cannot be used to make balusters; they may crack when shrinking.

Metal balusters are made from:

Stainless steel;
Copper;
Cast iron;
Bronze;
Various alloys.

By manufacturing method:

Cast;
Forged;
Thick;
Welded.

What elements does the baluster consist of:

In the middle there is a central part, which is the main decoration;
On top there is a support for the handrail;
Below is the base.

The size of the balusters depends on the installation methods and varies from 70 cm to 1 m.

Forged and other types of metal balusters are mounted to the steps using fasteners supplied by the manufacturer. They also go to them decorative overlays, masking fasteners. At the base of the balusters there are holes through which they are fixed to wooden elements with screws or self-tapping screws.

Spiral, marching, half-turn or extension staircases are often cast from concrete. High-quality steel reinforcement and high grades of concrete ensure the strength characteristics of the product. Thanks to reinforced concrete, the structure is not affected by moisture content in the air, various weathering.

Many people believe that pouring concrete is the most expensive process when arranging a flight of stairs. However, using wood trim is even more expensive. Flaws in cladding masonry technology can increase costs. To avoid this, you should familiarize yourself with the main mistakes made when arranging cladding materials on concrete stairs:

Wood should not be laid directly on stair steps. as this will shorten the service life of the cladding.
Minimum thickness wooden shields- 3 cm. It’s not worth saving - it will reduce strength.
Before finishing finishing, the surface must be leveled and veneered.
In order not to lose aesthetics in the appearance of the staircase, the wood does not need to be painted.
Before covering the stairs with wood, it must be cleaned of dust and debris. This will increase the adhesion of the adhesive layer between the concrete and the finish.
To hold the plywood more firmly, it is recommended to use not only glue, but also fastening dowels.
You should not skimp on varnish. It must be moisture resistant. You need at least three layers of varnish with drying between each ball.

Concrete spiral staircase finished in oak - a favorite finish.

Wooden stairs on a concrete base must be durable and have an aesthetic appearance. The choice of wood material can be made according to grade, shade and economic considerations. Today we offer regular and exotic species. The most common are four varieties. But others also use:

Oak is considered a favorite. Features of the material: strength, interesting texture, pleasant shade and pattern, accessibility. Oak is chosen to provide a respectable appearance. Oak stairs will last long term without loss appearance.
Beech is distinguished by its uniform structure, high quality, pleasant shade and more affordable price than the first position.
Larch is the most affordable and popular material. At the same time, the quality and reliability of products made from this wood are as high as those of oak.
Ash has the highest strength among the listed varieties. He has beautiful drawing, wide choice shades from dark to light.
Elite wood species are distinguished by higher cost, but also good strength characteristics. These include wenge, badi, dussie, yaroko, jatobo.
It is possible to finish the concrete staircase with a cheaper material, such as linden or pine. These varieties are distinguished by light colors, which can visually reduce the bulkiness of the structure. However, they are significantly inferior in strength indicators, so this finish will last less and will quickly lose its attractive appearance.

To determine the amount of material required for arranging a concrete-based staircase, it is necessary to carry out a calculation. To do this you will need the following parameters:

dimensions of one step: thickness, width, depth;
dimensions of risers;
number of steps and risers.

To design step overlays, you need to use wood material up to 1.5 cm thick. Protrusions can be compensated for by roundings and overhangs. To construct risers, thinner plywood is used, since the load in this area is minimal.

It is convenient to walk on the steps if the step width is 60-65 cm. The step can be increased by overhanging the material in the finishing. The overall width of the stairs must be sufficient for stable movement. Due to reinforcement, it becomes possible to expand the flight of stairs without loss of stability.

Wood is an excellent option for finishing the most various designs due to a number of positive properties and attractive appearance. In this article we will look at how to decorate a concrete staircase with wood with your own hands so that the result is durable and reliable.

All requirements must be met technological process, each of the stages is very important and has a direct impact on the final result.

In the photo: cladding a concrete staircase with wood literally transforms it

All wooden elements

If you do the work yourself, then necessary materials you'll have to look for it. The easiest way is to invite specialists to take all the necessary measurements and give their recommendations, because in addition to wood for the stairs you will need railings and balusters, as well as other elements that you may not even know about

Components of the structure

Kosour is load-bearing structure, which performs the supporting function of steps and risers, and also bears all the loads.

The bowstring also performs a supporting function. It is a beam with recesses into which the end sides of the steps are installed. Due to the fact that the bowstring cannot withstand heavy loads, it is rarely used.

Steps. The design of these elements consists of horizontal (treads) and vertical (risers) beams. If desired, the stairs can be built without risers, and the gap between the steps will not be closed. In this case, the ladder is considered fragile.

The shape of the steps is made rectangular, rotary, and to give the design originality - radius.

Railings are wooden trim elements such as balusters and handrails. They come in different shapes. Usually the shape depends on the customer’s wishes, since they can be made to order.

With a multi-flight design, a support pillar or several pillars are additionally installed at turns.

Installation is carried out in the following sequence:

First, the load-bearing elements are attached;
Then the steps;
At the very end there is a fence.

How to fasten a wooden staircase on the second floor using bowstrings

There are two types of staircases on bowstrings - when the load-bearing element is on one side, and on the other the steps are attached directly to the wall. And the second option - the bowstrings are on both sides and cover the ends of the steps. Each type has options:

Straight;
Rotary;
In several flights;
With intermediate platform;
With winder steps.

A staircase structure with two bowstrings is first assembled on the floor. If purchased finished design, which just needs to be assembled; the strings already have special slots for steps. If the staircase is made at home, then all stages are done independently.

Slots are made in the load-bearing beams (50 mm board) corresponding in size to the thickness, width and configuration of the steps. After the cuts are made, you can prepare the bowstring in advance for attaching to the wall. To do this, through holes are made in it for special anchors at a distance of 30-50 cm from each other along the entire length. Then, placing the string against the wall at the installation site, points for fastenings are marked on it through the holes.

To prevent skew or mismatch, a template is made from plywood, with which markings are made on both strings. The marking is done in mirror image. The depth of the slots cannot be less than half the thickness of the board (25 mm). It happens that the slots are made right through and then the ends protrude beyond the bowstring.

If the staircase starts from winder steps, then the slots in each bowstring are made according to their size. On the one hand - for the wide part, on the other - for the narrow part.

As a rule, such stairs are made open, that is, without risers. If there are risers, then slots are made in the bowstrings for them too. Before assembling the structure, all elements are impregnated with fire retardants and antiseptics.

Traditionally metal staircase considered the most reliable and durable

Among the various staircase structures, metal ones are particularly durable and stable. At the same time, there are many ways to attach the steps of such a staircase. Installation can be carried out using the following methods:

for stringers;
for fillies;
on the central support plates;
on Bolza.

The best way to install the steps depends on what type of metal frame is used in a particular application.

Special attention should be given to screw models. These stairs differ in almost every aspect. The central axial beam serves as a support for them. If we talk specifically about the metal variation, it is best made from a pipe.

Screw design implies a special type of fastening of steps

Thus, the frame is represented by a central support, to which platforms for future steps are attached. Their installation is most often carried out either using bolts and brackets, or by welding. That is, there is no attachment of the steps to the string as such; they are placed on the prepared platform.

Wooden elements are fixed in several places. In order not to spoil the appearance of the front side of the steps, they are screwed on the back side. If the platform is represented by a frame welded from corner profiles, a board of the required size is selected for each element and laid with a small gap so that its structure does not collapse when the volume changes.

Another way to install stair steps is to fasten them with bolts. This approach is most often used in modern designs, in particular, in modular ones.

The peculiarity of this method is that the frame as such may be absent altogether. In this case, the steps are fixed to each other using bolts, and the emphasis is on the wall and support columns.

In order to fix the steps in this way, it is necessary first of all to ensure reliable fastening details of the stairs to the wall. This design can only be used if it is adjacent to the carrier concrete wall, since flimsy partitions will not withstand the load placed on them.

The position of the steps is determined in a standard way at the design stage. Then brackets are driven into the wall and with their help all elements are fixed. The steps are connected to each other using bolts along the outer edge. A small indentation is made on the side, and then a suitable hole is drilled. The bolts are placed on the prepared area and secured with screws.

Bolza - a spectacular structural element of the staircase

Since high stairs place a greater load on the lower parts, it is necessary to provide additional supporting elements for every 4-5 steps, depending on the total weight of the elements and the angle of inclination.

Common mistakes when working

Most often, the steps differ in height, but you need to bring them to a single standard, and the easiest way to do this is with a self-leveler. If the differences are insignificant, then you can level the surface using liquid cement mortar. Sometimes it is easier to reduce the height of one step than to raise all the others, in this case a power tool with a special grinding bit for concrete is required

With its help, the surface of the stairs is sheathed in order to protect the steps from moisture and minimize the likelihood of their deformation. You will need material 10-15 mm thick

Both plywood and wooden elements are mounted on special mastics or two-component solutions; they provide the most reliable fastening and create an additional barrier to moisture

Important! In addition, you will need fasteners: dowels, screws, bolts or studs. All this is selected depending on the design features and is calculated individually.

IN modern versions There is even impact-resistant glass as an enclosing structure

Fastening stair steps

The staircase will be more reliable and convenient during active use if the fence is secured to it with balusters. Each support column is attached vertically to the handrail, connecting at the bottom with the beam in increments of no more than 15 centimeters. This type of fastening is necessary for safe accommodation fencing and a minimum safety margin.

Installation of a wooden staircase is carried out independently in short terms, but it is necessary to carefully select the wood for the structure to prevent cracking and resin release over time. Reliable material and competent calculations make it possible to install the staircase for a long time, while none of the parts will let the owner down in terms of service life. Railings and platforms, flights of stairs to any floor must be secured with balusters, so the installation of this element is especially important.

Experts recommend fastening the structure when attaching it to the bowstring with wood glue (joining them), and fastening it with clamps. Balusters are placed on the beam using dowels and round tenons for fastening. It is necessary to first make a hole in the rack for them, avoiding any backlash. The dowels are inserted tightly into the racks and fixed with an adhesive solution. The string and the railing are connected by the lower parts of the dowels.

The racks must be secured to the surface of the support beam with studs. To do this, you will need a regular drill and a miter saw. The materials you will need are the bowstring itself, fencing posts, galvanized studs with a thread of at least M6, and PVA glue in a tube. Typical work sequence:

It is necessary to mark the places for attaching the railings in the form of racks. If selected complex design, it is recommended that the project be checked by professionals;
It is recommended to securely fasten the stand and cut off its lower corners, maintaining the angle of the inclined beam;
Make holes with a diameter of 12 mm for a length of 80 mm;
Sink the studs into adhesive composition and insert into the holes, leaving 7 centimeters outside;
Make holes in the bowstring; to do this, the drill bit needs to be secured to 14 mm. Work depth – 10cm;
The balusters are inserted with pins, and the fixation process starts from the outer pillars.

The step is attached to the string of the staircase by insertion or mounting on supporting parts. These include special bars that are attached to the beam using screws on the tread. The tread itself is attached to the supports with the same screws.

Some experts recommend merging the step. In this case, short bars are used for gluing, which makes the surface not solid, but with longitudinal and transverse seams. You can join them in a checkerboard pattern, which is reminiscent of parquet joining.

The option of arranging a staircase with steps embedded in the bowstring with grooves 2 cm deep is allowed. It is necessary to first mark them, retreating from the edge of the edge, and then insert a tread with a riser inside. The most in a simple way is screwing the board from the end with a screw.

The staircase and its string will be reliable and safe if the strings are joined on the balusters. In this case, the beam has several sections, the fastening of which is made in the baluster grooves.

The entire incoming load from the top of the stairs is transferred to the fence posts, so during operation the entire structure becomes a single system. The balusters, step and string will be interconnected. The choice of step type does not affect the strength of the structure, but if the steps are joined together, the surface characteristics will be significantly improved.

Mortise mount

You can make a mortise-type fastening yourself using a drill and a hand router, a chisel and a jigsaw, and a screwdriver. It is also worth preparing screws, plywood, wood slats, risers and treads.

The string needs to be marked with a plywood template, in which the tread is cut with or without a riser to the size of the march;
Draw a reference line with a 50mm indent from the edge edge;
Make a fastening for guide rails sliding along the top of the board. The template is moved along the material so that the tops of the zigzag steps are located along the reference line;
Grooves are made in the bowstring, with the obligatory observance of the angle to the location of the fibers of the material. Reliable way make the correct groove - use a stencil with a hole in the plywood. In this case, you can use a jigsaw and a drill to make the desired hole size;
The beam is placed on the trestle, a stencil is placed on top of it so that the tread matches, and a fastening is made;
Using a router in a clockwise direction, cut a groove 20 cm deep, after which the corners are processed with a chisel;
Having done the right number grooves, the ladder is assembled, each step in the groove is coated with glue;
The risers and treads must be secured with a screw, each step from the outside is attached with screws to the string. A decorative plug is installed on top of the fastener.

Fastening with supports

Fastening steps using metal supports does not require milling. The only tools you will need are a hammer and a drill, nails, screws and metal corners. You need to mark the tread according to a plywood template, then fasten the support block with nails. The metal corners are secured with screws using prepared holes. Each step is connected to the supporting element with a screw.

A staircase with a one-sided string, when the function of the second is performed by the wall, is made as a fastening for steps and balusters. To do this, you need to make a bowstring in which to cut mortise grooves with a router. Treads and risers are assembled into steps. The bottom of the step is attached to a groove on the support beam on one side, and to the baluster on the other.

The lower racks are secured in the floor with bolts, connecting the base of the lower step with screws. The second stage is installed, fixed to the fence post (handrail). The back of the bottom step is needed to support the front of the next step, and the middle is fixed to the posts. This principle works for all steps in the ladder.

You can choose any method of attaching the steps to the string of the staircase, the main thing is that it suits its design and stylistic design. For the reliability and durability of the product, it must be installed in strict sequence for each type. After this, the structure will serve for a long time without the need for repair or replacement.

The ends of the steps are impregnated with glue, and the inner surface of the slot on one string is coated with it. The step is inserted into the groove and pressed. This is done with all steps, then the same action is performed with another string. After the glue has dried, the connection is duplicated with screws for more reliable fixation.

The caps are deepened by 5-7 mm and then decorated with either plugs or putty. Another option for attaching steps is on metal corners, overlays or on curved supports. Then recesses on the bowstrings are made for them and fixed with self-tapping screws. Then, on metal fastenings wooden steps are laid, which are also secured with dowels on the bottom side so that they are not visible.

The supporting beam of a staircase structure, that is, the stringer, is the element on which the steps are mounted. Basic fastening methods:

The simplest one is with self-tapping screws. The steps are drilled through and self-tapping screws are screwed into the holes; this type of fastening is called a hidden fastening. To prevent a hole from remaining, it is expanded slightly with a large drill and a plug is inserted. There are fasteners with decorative heads. They are not hidden, since the heads are decoration.
Using cotter pins. Holes with a diameter matching the size of the cotter pin are drilled in the stringer and steps. The step is coated with glue and placed on the stringer. The mount itself is not visible.
On metal bars or corners.
Embedded steps. For them, undercuts are made in the stringer, where the tread is inserted and fixed with wood glue for reliability.
Using dowels (dowels). In this way, the tread is attached to the riser from above, and the riser is connected to the bottom step. At the same time, for steps made of hardwood, the pins are made from soft wood, and for the tread out soft wood For dowels, use hard wood.
For installation, metal support legs are used, which are attached to the stringer with dowels.

In all installation options, before attaching the risers to a wooden staircase, they are coated with glue to strengthen the connection of the elements and prevent creaking and loosening in the future. In general, there are three main types of riser mounting:

In the groove - the simplest and most common;
At the end with self-tapping screws;
Using a corner.

In all options, the height of the riser will be different and this should be taken into account when assembling the structure.

In our version of constructing a staircase with your own hands, the most convenient option is to attach the steps to the stringer at the top. This option for fastening steps, in turn, can also be divided into several fastening methods:

Fastening the step to the stringer, leaving the head of the hardware on the surface of the step, bolt-nut or bolt-thread connection in the stringer.
Attaching the step to the stringer with the hardware head partially recessed into the step. The connection is the same as in the first method.

If you choose the first method of attaching the steps to the staircase frame, then in this case it is necessary to purchase bolts with a decorative head and, preferably, a turnkey hexagon. When installing such bolts, the decorative cap will serve as an additional decoration for the staircase, and if the fastening of the steps becomes loose during operation of the staircase, then tightening or replacing the fastening material can be done without hindrance, because access to the bolt and nuts in this case is free and nothing interferes with repairs. works

When choosing the second method, when the head of the hardware is partially recessed into the step and the hole is closed from above with a wooden plug or putty. In this case, repairing the steps (replacing or tightening the fastening) will be difficult, since we will have to drill out a wooden plug in order to get to the head of the hardware, and this, you will agree, is not a very convenient option for repairing steps or tightening the fastening.

Fastening the marching structure

Once the entire march is assembled and the glue has dried, it is time to secure the structure in place. Since there is only one flight, its support points are the floor of the lower floor and the platform of the upper one. Therefore, first the length of the bowstrings is measured and, if they protrude slightly beyond the overlap, the excess is sawed off.

A wall string can only be attached to a main wall with a thickness of at least 25 cm. It must be block, brick or concrete. Holes are made in it according to the markings that were made at the time of preparing the string for installing the steps. Then, by aligning the holes in the string and on the wall, the ladder is securely fastened with the help of anchors.

The staircase is attached to the landing of the second floor using a strip, which is hemmed between strings like a riser. Through this bar the ladder is secured to the landing with anchors. Another fastening option is possible - using corners or plates hemmed to the bowstring.

Installation procedure

To construct such a staircase, light materials are used, otherwise the structure will be too massive and heavy for the floors.

Metal frame has the appearance of a stepped structure. If you use paired stringers, you don’t have to strain too much and fasten the parts directly to them. To do this, you need to drill holes and use studs to attach the steps to the appropriate places. After that, they are tightened with nuts from the reverse side and fixed in place.

Steps can be easily secured to a metal stringer using nuts and bolts

If only one central stringer is used, it is better to install it by fixing the step on an additional platform. To do this, a sheet of metal is screwed to the support, or better yet, welded. You just need to place the part in correct position and screw it on the back side.

Let's look at another way - how to attach steps to a side string. In this case, the wooden parts can be attached to pre-prepared pins located on the bowstring itself. Or you can cut the grooves exactly according to the thickness of the step and fix it with glue.

Finishing a concrete staircase with wood starts from the bottom.

Installation of facing wooden material on a concrete staircase - a labor-intensive process:

Preparation. The height of each step is measured, then leveled to the highest one. For this purpose, self-leveling floor mixtures are used. If the difference in height is insignificant, a thin layer of the mixture smoothes out unevenness in the concrete. If there is a high variation in the size of the steps, plywood formwork is made to the required height. It is attached to dowels.
Primer. After leveling, the surface is cleared of debris and dust. Then a layer of primer is applied, which increases adhesion between the finishing materials. The mixture should be applied after completely dry primers.
Waterproofing. In order to protect it from moisture, plywood sheets 10-15 cm thick are attached to the concrete. This layer is treated with a primer.
Wood cladding. steps from natural wood you can do it yourself, pick it up finished goods, order an individual form. For fastening, three bolts with a diameter of 0.6 cm are used. They are screwed into the lower part of the riser so that their heads protrude slightly. Then the caps are cut off and the risers are aligned with the steps. Holes are drilled along the marks made, then filled epoxy resin. Liquid nails are applied to the plywood, and the cladding is attached on top. Holes are made in the abutting riser for attachment to the second riser. The next plywood layer and holes are treated with glue. At this stage, the first wooden step is placed on the concrete base. You can measure the correctness of the masonry using a building level. This is how the entire staircase is finished.

If, after facing work, gaps have formed between one step and the second, as well as on the sides, they are treated with putty or foam.

Fastening a ladder with a turntable

If the design includes an interfloor platform, then first install support pillars made of 100x100 mm timber. Not everyone knows how to secure the support post of a wooden staircase, but in fact there is nothing difficult about it. The number of support pillars may vary. If the platform is adjacent to the corner of the room, then there is only one support post and then it is attached to the floor using self-tapping screws and wood glue. The other two sides of the platform are mounted to the walls forming an angle.

For greater stability, two to four pillars can be connected with bars or boards along the perimeter at the bottom and top. The platform will rest on this strong parallelepiped and be drilled to it using self-tapping screws and corners. The beams, in turn, are attached to the floor with long self-tapping screws.

The lower section of the march is attached simultaneously to the platform and the support post; if it is adjacent to the wall, it is also attached to a vertical surface. A vertical cut is made on the support post, the size matching the width and thickness of the bowstring. During assembly, the free bowstring is inserted into a slot pre-lubricated with glue and secured with a pin. The march is attached to the platform using anchors and a horizontal strip located between the strings.

The installation of the upper flight follows the same pattern as the lower one. It is fixed to the second floor landing and to the intermediate one. If the ladder runs along the wall, then it is attached to it.

The finishing of the stairs and the floor should be combined.

In order to obtain a high-quality result, it is recommended to pay attention to some tips:

Color design floors and stairs should be combined in style and shades.
The strength characteristics of the stairs should be comparable to the same indicator flooring. It is better to use wood of the same type.
The facing layer should be more than 3 cm. A thinner coating has a shorter service life.
Wood finishing should be carried out only after leveling and complete cleaning concrete base.
The size of the gap between the handrails and the marches should vary between 7.5-15 cm. This is enough for the passage of a fire hose.
The height of the steps should be the same. Otherwise, alignment difficulties may occur. Moreover, it is not recommended to use glue and putty for these purposes. The maximum permissible difference in height is 1 cm. When leveling heights, it is recommended to use concrete solutions with reinforcement of steps with reinforcing mesh.
It is unacceptable to use low-quality wooden cladding, as such a staircase will not last long.
Crossbars, balusters. railing It is better to perform the steps in the same style and color. It is permissible to combine wooden stairs and, for example, wrought iron railings.
Cladding should be carried out after major repair work.
To carry out the work, it is necessary to attract specialists with a certain work skill.

Covering concrete stairs with wood provides the following advantages:

compliance with standards fire safety;
increased service life of the ladder;
strength and rigidity of the finished product.

A staircase with wood cladding will decorate the interior, and concrete base will ensure the reliability and durability of the structure. If you have the skills and knowledge of the technology of covering stairs with wood, you can do the work yourself.

Otherwise, it is better to involve professionals, otherwise mistakes made may lead to additional costs.

Workflow organization

All work is divided into two the most important stages– preparation of the base and fastening of the main elements. Let's look at each of them in detail, because finishing a concrete staircase with wood with your own hands is a very difficult and very responsible process (See also the article “Type of wood - general information, classification and regulatory requirements to lumber").

Preparation

Work should begin with the preparation of everything necessary, so make sure in advance that all materials and equipment are at hand.

The sequence of events is as follows:

First of all, the height of all steps in the structure is measured, this is necessary in order to determine the difference in parameters. Minor differences do not need to be corrected, but it is still advisable to fill the plane with a liquid solution to obtain an ideal plane. If the difference is noticeable, you need to prepare to fill the steps; this will require the construction of formwork.
The formwork is attached so that its upper edge serves as a guide for pouring the mortar. Can be used to construct a structure edged board or plywood with a thickness of at least 10 mm, the frame must be neat so that the geometry of the steps is not disturbed.

If the staircase was built from blocks, you will have to make formwork for all steps, and it is important to initially establish a uniform slope so that you do not have to carry out additional work

Next, you should clean the surface of dust and dirt and treat it with a primer that will reduce the absorption of the base and improve the adhesion of the adhesive. All the features of preparing and using the soil will be indicated by the instructions on the package; be sure to study it, because you may have a concentrated solution, which must be diluted with water.

You can prime the surface before installing the formwork.

Do-it-yourself cladding of a concrete staircase with wood should not be done directly onto the concrete; first, plywood is attached, cut into pieces of the desired configuration. First of all, the sheets are placed on the surface and checked for level; if necessary, chips or slats are placed under them. Next, the surface is covered with mastic and plywood is laid on it; for additional reliability, we recommend using quick-installation dowels.

It is important to choose a high-quality adhesive so that it provides the best joint strength

Main stage

Now let's look at how to cover a concrete staircase with wood with your own hands. Work should begin after the adhesive composition under the plywood has dried, usually this period is about a day.

First of all, steps are cut out of wood for a concrete staircase of the desired configuration. The risers are also prepared, which are most often made of the same material as the main elements. If the product configuration is complex, it is better to order this work from specialists with the appropriate equipment.
The diagram below shows the entire workflow very clearly and easily. The installation of wooden steps on a concrete staircase starts from the bottom; first, 3 holes with a diameter of 5 mm and a depth of 15 mm are drilled in the lower end of the riser on the sides and in the middle, pieces of a threaded rod with a diameter of 6 mm and a length of 25 mm are hammered into them, that is, 10 mm will stick out outside. At the location of these elements, holes are drilled in the concrete, filled with epoxy resin, and the riser is put in place.

This is what the connection diagram of the structural elements looks like

Now let's look at how to attach wooden steps to a concrete staircase, or rather to a plywood base. A groove is cut out at the bottom of the element for the protruding riser, and the next element, which will be located under the step above, is also attached with self-tapping screws. The bases are coated with mastic, after which the finished structure is placed on them, everything is done carefully with constant level checking.

Important! Sometimes, in order to fix a step in the desired position, you need to place a heavy object on it.

Two weights will do the job quite well.

Further covering of concrete stairs with wood is carried out in a similar manner. A riser is attached to the step, and the element is glued to the base. It is important to do the work carefully and efficiently, without unnecessary haste.
If cracks and voids have formed in the end parts, then the easiest way is to seal them with polyurethane polyurethane foam with a small expansion coefficient.

How to attach steps to the string of a staircase?

The installation of railings must be taken very seriously. They must be cut at the same angle, which creates difficulties when sawing by hand, as there is a possibility of error. In this regard, the cut is made on a special machine. Fence posts are secured to the floor with hardware.

To attach the handrail, a recess with a smaller diameter than the rod is drilled in the string, balusters and in the handrail itself. Then the structure is installed on the pins and secured with self-tapping screws. To ensure stability of the fence, the lower end of the handrail is attached to a post, and the upper end is attached to a wall or a wooden post. The fastening must be strong, since a large load occurs in these places.

Before installing the baluster, you need to accurately adjust it to the angle of the bowstring. Trimming at the base is done using a special tool and setting the angle. Then the fastening is carried out in the same way as on the tread. Installation on a bowstring is possible if it is thick enough.

If you plan to build a staircase with mortise steps, then the grooves are made on the inside. Their depth should be between 1.5 and 2 centimeters. After this, risers and treads are carefully inserted into the grooves. When working on your own, remember that the bowstring must have cutouts with smooth edges and the same depth.

Be careful about marking the relative positions of the grooves on the two support beams. If it is uneven, then unexpected distortion of the staircase structure may occur in the future.

In such cases, experts recommend making special templates cut from a thin sheet of plywood. To prevent the string from turning into a stringer, the guides should be attached at a distance of 50 millimeters from a pre-marked line.

The markings for the grooves are as follows. On inside longitudinal lines are drawn on the beams. They should retreat 50 millimeters from the edges of the beam. If such a need arises, this distance can be reduced to 30 millimeters. Next ready-made template moves neatly along the edge using guides. The location of the steps is marked with a pencil.

Remember that when applying markings to the string of one ladder structure, the location of the grooves must be completely mirror-like.

The lower and upper parts of the support beams must completely coincide with the floor levels. But whether this coincidence is vertical or horizontal depends directly on the type of structure.

Experts who know all the features of fastening and marking do not advise quickly sawing off the excess ends. It is quite possible that they will be needed for insertion into a special support beam during final installation.

In order to get a reliable and very durable ladder on bowstrings, fastening the side elements is best done using rods. This can be a wooden tie on bolts or wedges, or a metal tie on nuts. Strands are installed at both edges of the staircase and in its central part.

Step mounting options

From the outside it may seem that ladders on bowstrings look monotonous and uncomplicated. But this is far from true. Exists huge amount options for their design.

In order to pick up best option settings should be studied possible ways installation of steps:

Sliding steps are not simply inserted into pre-made grooves, but are carefully pushed into them. The cut-out recess should not only have an entrance for the steps, but also an exit to the outside. In these structures, the treads can be dismantled without dismantling the entire staircase structure.
Mortise steps are a standard method of connecting treads and risers. A hole is pre-cut in the bowstring, into which a step is then hammered. To make the grooves, you should use a hand router. If you don’t have a router, you can take a chisel and a hammer. But this method takes a lot of time. After the steps are secured to one string, you should fill the second element from the other edge.
Application of corners. This method involves the use of additional elements. In order not to waste time cutting out corners, you can attach metal corners to the sides. Exactly for these additional elements In the future, treads will be attached.

Practical instructions

It's time to make wooden steps with your own hands. We will go through 3 stages: we will perform the calculation, make the steps, and then install them.

Determine the height of the structure, its dimensions and the number of steps. To make a bowstring, take a wooden stick of the required thickness. As noted above, cutting grooves should be done using templates.

When cutting grooves yourself, you should copy the marks from the template onto the workpiece. The wood is processed with a special milling cutter with a nozzle of the required diameter.

After this, fix the internal string at the construction site and connect all the elements of the steps. When the work is finished, press the elements of the steps on the other side with another bowstring and carefully tamp them down. With the help of glue and nails you can make the structure more durable and reliable in use.

By installing tie rods, you can prevent unwanted loosening of the staircase structure. The rods are installed at the rate of one per 5 steps.

In conclusion, it is worth noting that constructing a string for a ladder with your own hands is not as difficult as it might seem at first glance. Before using the staircase structure for its intended purpose, you should ensure the strength of the fastenings.

If necessary, additional vertical support elements can be installed. Metal tubes or wooden beams are suitable for this purpose. The models of stairs that are mounted to the ceilings with the help of hangers look interesting.

As for the fences, they can be installed both on the string and on the steps themselves. It all depends on your aesthetic preferences. If you are not sure that you can handle the work yourself, even with the help of video instructions, then it is better to contact a specialist. The Ladder Master company employs craftsmen who will complete all tasks assigned to them not only quickly, but also efficiently. Such a string for stairs is guaranteed to be reliable, durable and aesthetically attractive.

How to install a railing on a wooden staircase

The railing is the final element that ensures the safety of movement and secures the balusters at the top. They can be made from:

Metal;
Stone;
Polymer materials;
Tempered glass;
Wood.

Finished wooden railings are attached to balusters using:

Self-tapping screws;
Shurupov;
Shipov;
Brackets.

The railings can be fixed both to the staircase structure and to the wall. In this case, the handrail is placed at a distance of 90 cm from the crest of the step and is located parallel to the bowstring or stringer, maintaining the angle of inclination of the staircase structure.

When installing wooden handrails on wooden balusters, the latter are cut at an angle at the top. The angle is equal to the steepness of the march installation. To cut straight top part you need to make a marking with a thread stretched through all the balusters from top to bottom. Mark a straight line with a pencil and saw off the excess part along it.

Before trimming, a mark is made on the handrail support in the middle of the part and a hole is drilled for a pin or dowel. This is easier to do on a flat surface, since the hole should run vertically.

After trimming, the pins are screwed into the holes. The corresponding holes must also be made on the handrail. In order not to make a mistake, you need to combine the handrail with the balusters on which the pins are already inserted, and lightly tap them along the entire length. There will be marks on the inside of the railing, and holes need to be drilled in this place. Before installing the connection point, for reliability, you need to coat it with glue.

Another option for installing railings to balusters is using a support rail, as the auxiliary strip is called. It is made with a spike and repeats the configuration of the handrail recess. The plank is applied to the sawn surface of the balusters, secured with self-tapping screws and then inserted into the recess; it is first coated with glue.

Fastening with spikes is used. They are cut out at the top of the baluster. The tenon configuration can be any, but it must match the shape of the recess on the handrail. The height of the tenon is up to 25 mm, with a handrail thickness of 45 mm.

If pillars are installed at the beginning of the stairs, then the railings are connected to the side edge of the pillar. For connection, a zip bolt is used, which is inserted into the technological hole. This hole is located at the bottom of the handrail.

Sellers often post assembly instruction videos on their websites. It's very convenient. Our company, taking care of customers, also placed detailed instructions on the YouTube channel and on your own website. The craftsmen tell you how to properly assemble the entire structure and how to attach a wooden staircase to the surface of the floor and wall.

Stairs between floors in country houses equipped with load-bearing beams, which are kosour or bowstring. Both designs are quite reliable, but differ in the way the steps are attached to the beams. A staircase with a bowstring, in which the steps need to be attached to the internal grooves, adapts best to the surrounding interior.

The outer part hides the joining points, which does not spoil the appearance of the structure. The appearance of the staircase is flat and inclined, the steps are located with their ends between the boards. You can buy a ready-made wooden or metal stringer with a jagged edge, and the fastening is carried out on the teeth for the boards.

The size of a ladder with a stringer is more compact, but less reliable. Owners of multi-storey housing choose different ways to attach steps to the string of a wooden staircase, making them open or closed, with the organization of a riser. You can always buy finished project, but if desired, all work can be done with your own hands.

Ladder with a bowstring

The staircase will be more reliable and convenient during active use if the fence is secured to it with balusters. Each support column is attached vertically to the handrail, connecting at the bottom with the beam in increments of no more than 15 centimeters. Such fastening is necessary for the safe placement of the fence and a minimum safety margin.

Installation of a wooden staircase can be done independently in a short time, but it is necessary to carefully select the wood for the structure to prevent cracking and release of resin over time. Reliable material and proper design make it possible to install the staircase for a long time, while none of the parts will let the owner down in terms of service life. Railings and platforms, flights of stairs to any floor must be secured with balusters, so the installation of this element is especially important.

You can fasten balusters on stairs that have a bowstring at their base anywhere, since the fastening is done not on a step, but on a beam. Typically, the installation of racks is done from the outside in the sidewall of the supporting beam. In this case, screws are used, which are screwed into the grooves and covered with decorative dowels. A baluster is attached to the lamella over the edge through a board the size of which is larger than the bowstring. Such a baluster has a groove at the bottom that fits onto the bowstring. The racks are screwed on top of this structure using self-tapping screws.

How to attach the stands to the bowstring?

It is necessary to mark the places for attaching the railings in the form of racks. If a complex design is chosen, it is recommended that the project be checked by professionals;
It is recommended to securely fasten the stand and cut off its lower corners, maintaining the angle of the inclined beam;
Make holes with a diameter of 12 mm for a length of 80 mm;
Drown the pins in the adhesive and insert them into the holes, leaving 7 centimeters out;
Make holes in the bowstring; to do this, the drill bit needs to be secured to 14 mm. Work depth – 10cm;
The balusters are inserted with pins, and the fixation process starts from the outer pillars.

Some experts recommend merging the step. In this case, short bars are used for gluing, which makes the surface not solid, but with longitudinal and transverse seams. You can join them in a checkerboard pattern, which is reminiscent of parquet joining.

The option of arranging a staircase with steps embedded in the bowstring with grooves 2 cm deep is allowed. It is necessary to first mark them, retreating from the edge of the edge, and then insert a tread with a riser inside. The easiest way is to screw the board in from the end with a screw.

The staircase and its string will be reliable and safe if the strings are joined on the balusters. In this case, the beam has several sections, the fastening of which is made in the baluster grooves.

Methods for attaching steps to a string ladder

Mortise mount

You can make a mortise-type fastening yourself using a drill and a hand router, a chisel and a jigsaw, and a screwdriver. It is also worth preparing screws, plywood, wood slats, risers and treads.

The string needs to be marked with a plywood template, in which the tread is cut with or without a riser to the size of the march;
Draw a reference line with a 50mm indent from the edge edge;
Make a fastening for guide rails sliding along the top of the board. The template is moved along the material so that the tops of the zigzag steps are located along the reference line;
Grooves are made in the bowstring, with the obligatory observance of the angle to the location of the fibers of the material. A reliable way to make the correct groove is to use a stencil with a hole in the plywood. In this case, you can use a jigsaw and a drill to make the desired hole size;
The beam is placed on the trestle, a stencil is placed on top of it so that the tread matches, and a fastening is made;
Using a router in a clockwise direction, cut a groove 20 cm deep, after which the corners are processed with a chisel;
Having made the required number of grooves, the staircase is assembled, each step in the groove is coated with glue;
The risers and treads must be secured with a screw, each step from the outside is attached with screws to the string. A decorative plug is installed on top of the fastener.