Options for staircase placement in the house. Options for compact stairs to the second floor for small areas. Options for stairs in a private house

Interfloor staircase necessary to connect the premises of a house with several levels. It should be durable, safe and comfortable. In addition, the staircase is the most important element of interior design; it cannot be hidden or disguised.

The location, configuration and design of the staircase in the building should be thought about at the very beginning of the design, because the layout of the building often depends on this. Taking into account the characteristics of this element, floor halls and entrances to rooms are located. A free zone in front of and around the staircase, a convenient location of the “start” of the staircase and its “finish”, lighting of the ascent are the most important conditions for the comfort and harmony of the interior. In addition, the safety of the stairs is directly related to its convenience.

Rules for installing stairs in the house

When designing a house, they take into account the required size of the opening for the staircase in the ceiling between floors and the method of supporting it. Concrete, marble or glass structure can weigh up to 2 tons, so it is necessary to take into account the additional load on the floor.

Concrete stairs- a structural component of the house, and they are erected during the construction phase. IN small building they are usually built between solid walls that limit the staircase space.

Lightweight stairs- wooden, metal - mounted at the final stage finishing works. They can be turned into a spectacular interior element, placed anywhere in the house, or made completely open.

When designing a staircase, the owner often has to choose between its convenience and the usable space of the house. Only a specialist can create a convenient, economical and safe design. The size of the opening in the second floor ceiling depends on the shape of the staircase and the height of the floor. For the most economical, single-flight structures, an opening of at least 100 x 250 cm will be required; for screw ones, the minimum opening diameter is 120 cm. Sometimes efficiency can be sacrificed for the sake of effect - for example, increasing the opening so that part of the first floor can be seen from the upper staircase hall.

A spacious hall is the best place for a staircase

But you should always remember about the convenience and safety of the stairs. They will be provided with:

• correct ratio of parameters: angle of ascent and descent, width of passage along the stairs, turning sections;
• sufficient free space above the head of the person climbing - at least 2 m;
• reliable staircase fencing and landing;
• sufficient lighting - better, natural, and if this is not possible, it is advisable to provide bright staircase halls.

The staircase at the door ensures maximum autonomy for the second floor

Location of stairs in the house

It is better to place the staircase closer to the geometric center of the house in order to save on the length of communications. It is necessary to provide a convenient approach to it, and there should be free space around it so that two people can pass each other. Most often, the staircase is located in the hall or hallway - this ensures the autonomy of the premises and allows you to climb to the second floor directly from the entrance to the house. Sometimes a staircase is placed in the living room and this multi-level design serves as a decoration for the room. The second floor hall can be made in the form of a gallery, open to the living room or hallway.

The staircase is located in the living room so that it does not disturb the comfort

Spiral staircase with gallery

This type of staircase is most often located in the living room. It is less convenient for lifting than the marching one, and involves limited use, for example, it leads to the mezzanine.

Spiral staircase with gallery

Staircase in the hall

The staircase in the hall is convenient because it connects special communication rooms and ensures the autonomy of all rooms. You can arrange utility rooms underneath.

Staircase in the hall

Staircase in the living room

The staircase located in the living room always attracts attention. It should have an expressive design. But for her you will have to sacrifice free space and peace in the common room.

Staircase in the living room

Stair elements

The staircase consists of a supporting structure, steps and railing. The structure must be durable, and it can rest on walls or ceilings. The convenience of the stairs depends on the angle of ascent and is associated with the ratio of the height and width of the steps (they are calculated based on the average step of a person). The fence consists of railings and the filling between them and the steps. First of all, the strength and height of the fence are important, and secondly, its decorative effect.

Wide first steps invite you to start the climb and allow for turning

Stair terminology

Flight of stairs- a rise with a certain number of steps (preferably no more than 17) between landings or from the floor of one floor to the floor of another. Optimal inclination march - 30-40°, but not more than 45°, and its optimal width for a private house - 80-90 cm.

landing- a horizontal platform between marches, the width and length of which is not less than that of the march. Typically used to rotate stairs 90-180°.

Tread- the width of the step is commensurate with the human foot. Usually 25-30 cm, but not less than 22 cm.

Riser- step height. The optimal height is 15-18 cm, but not more than 20 cm. The height of all steps should be the same.

Winder steps- steps that taper towards the inner edge and widen towards the outer edge of the staircase. They serve to turn it. The width of the winder step in the center must be at least 22 cm. Stairs consisting only of winder steps are called spiral.

Balusters- staircase fencing elements: vertical posts located between steps and railings and delimiting the staircase, landing, gallery. They provide safety and decorate the stairs. The distance between the balusters should not exceed 10 cm, and the height of the fence with railings should be 96-98 cm, but not less than 90 cm.

Boltsy- elements of the supporting structure of the staircase: bolts mounted into the wall on which the stair step is attached.

Kosour- element of the supporting structure of the staircase: an inclined beam (or a pair of beams) to which the steps are attached. It is made of wood, metal, concrete and rests on the floors.

From the landing, as from a balcony, it’s nice to glance at the living room

Types and configurations of stairs

The configuration of the staircase depends on the floor layout, the area allocated for this element, the interior style, design and material. With the correct calculation of the parameters, any staircase configuration will be convenient. Moreover, what more quantity marches and tilt of the structure, the more space it will take up, but it will be safer, more presentable and easier to lift.

Staircase in a minimalist style

Original, but descending such a “cascade” will require caution

A staircase with winder steps is shorter than a two-flight staircase. And the screw takes less space than others, but it is difficult to walk on, so it is better not to use it as the main one.

A staircase of an unusual shape does not require additional decorations

Configuration and area of ​​a staircase 0.9 m wide with a floor height of 2.75 m (17 steps)

1. Single-flight straight (3.78 m²) 2. Double-flight straight with an intermediate platform (4.59 m²) 3. Double-flight L-shaped (4.59 m²) 4. Double-flight U-shaped with an intermediate platform (5.61 m²) 5. Three-flight with two platforms (5.51 m²)

6. Single-flight with winder steps and a 90° turn (4.23 m²) 7. Single-flight with winder steps and a 180° turn (4.32 m²) 8. Single-flight with winder steps and a 180° turn (3.75 m² ) 9. Single-flight only with winder steps and a 180° turn (3.54 m²)

10. Spiral staircases (3.14 m²) and (2.54 m²)

Comfortable staircase: ratio of step sizes

About the safety of stairs

The staircase must be designed by a specialist. You should pay special attention to its safety and do not neglect the following rules:

• starting from a height of 1 m, flights of stairs, landings and galleries must have a fence at least 90 cm high;
• gaps between fencing elements should not be more than 10 cm in width or diameter;
• the railings should have a shape that is comfortable for your hand to grasp;
• all steps must be the same height;
• steps should not slide;
• on the upper landing to the stairs it is necessary to ensure free passage from all rooms.

Classic, clearly defined spiral staircase

Smooth rotation along the entire length - both beautiful and convenient

How simpler form and the fewer turns the staircase has, the more convenient it is

Elegant and comfortable, but it’s better when the railing is located on the right

Classic straight staircase with a convenient handrail along the wall

Stair materials

The supporting structures of stairs are made of wood, metal, glass and concrete. As finishing materials They use ceramics, stone and mosaics. When finishing steps, take into account that they must resist abrasion. If the steps are lined with slippery material, apply rough stripes to the tread surfaces or lay carpet. The fencing and cladding of the stairs are consistent with the interior design. The most popular are wooden stairs: they are suitable for interiors of any style, while steel and glass are attributes of a modern setting.

Wooden stairs are especially in demand in private homes; they are diverse, durable, environmentally friendly and beautiful. Solid wood or laminated wood is used for construction

Wooden staircases are traditionally decorated with carved balusters and railings, as well as wooden sculptures. A design made of any material is made spectacular by forged railings and fences, as well as glass elements. For the design of the staircase, an entrance platform with several initial steps is important. It can be oval, with unusually designed railings.

Glass stairs are made of triplex (several layers of tempered glass); metal is used for the non-existent structure. Glass stairs can have a complex spatial configuration and are spectacular. Fences are made of triplex, steel, brass

Metal stairs are made from metal profiles, pipes, reinforcing steel and steel sheets. They allow you to give the structure any configuration.

Concrete stairs can be prefabricated or monolithic. Concrete allows you to create representative stairs of complex, plastic, curved shapes. The surface of the stairs is lined with stone, mosaic, and ceramics. Fences are made of stone, forged metal, steel, less often - of wood

Staircase lighting

If the stairs are dark or improperly lit, it is dangerous to use. The more complex the shape of the structure and the longer it is, the more carefully you need to pay attention to the lighting of staircases and approaches to them.

It is advisable to achieve natural light on the stairs

Artificial light must first of all illuminate the steps well. Their night lighting is both convenient and effective. Light decoration of the walls surrounding the staircase will also make the space brighter and more comfortable.

Step lighting is one of the practical solutions to the safety problem

Recently construction country house very often it is not limited to one floor. In order to expand the space, a second one is built or insulated and brought into a condition suitable for comfortable living. attic room. This means that you can’t do without a staircase in the interior of the first floor.

A do-it-yourself staircase to the second floor can easily be assembled from a ready-made kit, which can be purchased from companies specialized in the development and manufacture of this interior functional element. In the catalogs offered, you can choose a staircase that will ideally fit into the decor of both floors, and will be comfortable and safe for all family members to ascend and descend.

You can try to build a staircase yourself, but in this case it is necessary to do so, since if the design is not well thought out, a familiar element of the house may well become a traumatic “simulator”.

In addition, you need to decide what role the staircase will play in the interior. It may be completely invisible and not be decorative decoration room, or can become the center of the composition around which the entire design of the room will be built.

Therefore, to choose a suitable instance, it is better though would schematically draw the staircase you wanted would see in your home, but you can already find ready-made option and adapt it to a specific room.

Before choosing a staircase model, you need to know how it is designed and how to calculate its correct parameters.

The main components of the stairs

The design of a staircase has many components, some of them are mandatory, while others may not be included in the design of some types of this structure.

So, a staircase cannot do without steps and the supports that support them - these are the main elements of the most simple designs interfloor stairs.

• The step itself consists of two parts - vertical and horizontal. The first of them is called riser, and the second is called gait. The riser is a support for the step, but sometimes they do without it.
• Supports can be of two types:

— the bowstring is a beam that supports the steps from their ends;

- stringer - a beam supporting the steps from below.

• Railings are also an important element of the staircase, although they are not present on all types. But if there are children or elderly people in the house, then there is no way to do without them.
• Balusters are vertically installed supports for railings, which most often become not only a functional part of the staircase, but also its decorative decoration. This element can be made from different materials and have different forms.

Since there are different types of stairs, each of them may have parts that are necessary specifically for a particular design.

• Stand - this element is used to construct a spiral staircase. Steps of a special shape are attached to the rack with a certain pitch, which form a spiral rising from the first to the second floor.

• Bolts are special bolts, which are also elements supporting the steps; they are attached to the wall and directly to the steps themselves. They do not apply to everyone, but only to individual species stairs

Types of stairs

Having found out what elements the stairs consist of, you need to understand in more detail what each type of these structures looks like, installed between floors.

Marching staircase

This type of staircase is popular for any type of private home. It consists of one or more straight flights, equipped with evenly spaced steps. It is convenient to go down and up, but the disadvantage of this model is that it requires a lot of space in the room.

The most common are flight stairs

If the staircase consists of several flights, then each of them must have at least 3 ÷ 4 and no more than 15 steps. Failure to comply with this standard may make climbing stairs uncomfortable. Typically, the number of steps in each flight is 8 ÷ 11 pieces, and special platforms are installed between flights. Their sizes are multiples of the average step length.

• Marching stairs can be closed or open. The first of them have risers in the design of the steps, and the second are installed without them. The open version is convenient in cases where the steps are not wide enough.
• Marching stairs can have steps attached to stringers or bowstrings. For these parts, boards with a thickness of at least 45 ÷ 50, and better even 60 ÷ 70 mm, are selected.
• If a straight staircase without turns has more than 8-9 steps, then for strength it is also recommended to divide it with a platform.
• In the case when the staircase is built with a slight turn, it is called a turning one, and sometimes in this area, instead of a landing, steps are installed, which are called winders.

Winder steps quarter of a reversible staircase

• In addition to the above types, flight stairs can be:

— quarter turn– the angle of which when turning is 90 degrees, and they are located mainly at the junction of two walls;

- half-turn - their rotation has an angle of 180 degrees;

- circular models - marches successively form a 360-degree turn.

Design of staircases on rails

The name of these stairs on the rails comes from German word"bolzen", which means bolt. So it's a bolted ladder. In fact, it is a fastener in the form of a pin with threads at its ends. With their help, steps and fences are fastened together and mounted in the wall. Thanks to these devices, the design looks light and airy. The absence of risers also contributes to this.

In addition, such a model can be stretched over a certain section of the wall, or it can look quite compact. Despite its apparent lightness, the design is reliable and durable, it can withstand hundreds of kilograms, which is why ladders on bolts are becoming increasingly popular.

Despite the “airy” appearance, the ladder on the rails is very reliable

Naturally, such a structure cannot be located in the middle of the room, since it must be attached to the wall; the main condition for installation is the strength of the material from which it is built.

It is quite difficult to calculate a staircase with rails on your own, but you can purchase it as a kit or order it from professionals to make it, depending on the specific conditions of the house.

Video: installation of a wooden staircase on rails

The installation of this structure is quite complicated, and it is better to entrust it to qualified craftsmen who can assess the possibility of its installation. Therefore, before purchasing a kit, it is best to first consult with specialists.

Spiral interfloor staircase

This design is more difficult to install, but has the advantage that it occupies the smallest area of ​​all. existing options, therefore ideal for rooms with a small area. In addition, such a staircase can be installed in any convenient location room and, if desired, make it the center of the interior composition, since the design has a fairly aesthetic appearance.

Spiral staircase - saves space, but is not always convenient for carrying large objects

There may be different types, but for two-story house A model consisting of a stand and wedge-shaped steps is best suited. For rack choose metal pipe or wooden support.

• The rack itself is fixed to the floor of the first floor and in the interfloor or attic ceiling.
• The steps are attached to it with the narrow side and rotated so that the overall structure resembles a spiral.
• Balusters are installed on the wide side of the steps, upper part which are fixed in the handrail, repeating the spiral direction of the entire structure.

Video: installation of a spiral staircase

What is inconvenient about such a model is the fact that it will be difficult to lift or lower down some massive piece of furniture. In addition, when choosing such a model for installation, you need to know that the smaller the opening for it in interfloor covering, the steeper and more inconvenient the stairs will be.

It is not difficult to calculate the screw structure. To do this, determine the area in the room where it will be installed, and calculate its center - this will be the location where the rack will be installed. Next, the distance from the post to the border is measured - this will be the span width, i.e. length of steps.

For comfortable walking on such stairs, the size of the middle step should be at least 200 mm, and the widest part should be no more than 400 ÷ 420 mm.

It is quite possible to make and assemble such a structure yourself, if you have skills in working with wood and the ability to calculate the loads on the selected material. However, if you do not have confidence in your abilities, then it is better to entrust the work to a specialist, since it is incorrect arranged structure very dangerous.

Requirements for the design of stairs

Before you begin, you need to know the requirements for the staircase design.

Safety is perhaps the most important condition. In order for it to be fully implemented, it is very important to accurately calculate all the parameters:

— the angle of inclination, the width and height of the steps, the method of fastening the first and last of them are calculated;

- if the staircase is not located between two walls, a fence must be installed, and its height must be at least 800 ÷ 850 mm;

- if there are small children in the house, the balusters supporting the handrail of the fence should not be located further from each other than 100 ÷ 120 mm;

— the width of the steps should be 200 ÷ 300 mm;

- the ladder must withstand quite heavy loads - for residential buildings they are 300 ÷ 350 kg/m²;

- the steps must not be slippery - the texture of their outer covering must be carefully thought out;

— the entire structure must be securely and rigidly fixed between floors;

— it is undesirable to install the structure at an elevation angle of more than 45 degrees;

— the width of the spans cannot be made less than 850 mm, but the optimal option is 1000 ÷ 1200 mm;

- the staircase will be less dangerous if it is divided into two or three parts by platforms;

— fastenings for structural elements must be made of high-quality material, so you cannot skimp on them;

- if wooden parts are processed independently, then you need to bring them to perfect evenness and compliance with the dimensions established by the drawing or patterns.

Video: mistakes in the design and construction of stairs

Calculation of staircase parameters and production of parts

Since for self-made and installations marching design with steps laid on a stringer - the most affordable, as well as convenient and safe to use, then it is worth considering.

The first thing to do is to calculate the location, number and size of steps, as well as the width of the staircase span.

Calculation of staircase parameters

The calculation of the design of the flight of stairs is carried out as follows:

• The height of the room and the length of all or part of the wall - the space allocated for installing the stairs - are taken as a basis. Having reduced these values ​​to scale, draw a right triangle, in which the staircase itself will be the hypotenuse, and the legs will be the height of the rise and the floor.

An angle of 45 degrees is considered ideal for installing a staircase, but it can be changed depending on the wishes of the home owner and the area of ​​the room.

• A comfortable tread width should be at least 200 mm, so the leg of the floor, based on its natural length, is divided by this value. The resulting number of steps is marked on the drawing.
• The height of the risers, convenient for movement, should not exceed 100 ÷ 120 mm. To calculate them, you need to divide the height of the total rise by the selected height of the risers and also transfer it to the drawing.
• Thus, you can calculate the dimensions of the stringer for laying the steps.
• The width of the stairs will depend on the preferences of the residents and the size of the room.

Video: example of calculating a mid-flight staircase

Manufacturing of staircase parts

In order to correctly manufacture parts, you need to accurately transfer the dimensions from the drawing made to the material and select high-quality, well-dried wood.

• The most difficult thing is to cut the stringers perfectly evenly, since the reliability and strength, as well as the aesthetics of the structure, will depend on this. For these load-bearing elements, choose a solid board without cracks and numerous large knots, with a thickness of at least 45 ÷ 50 mm.
• The width of the treads can be 1.5-2 cm greater than the space provided for them on the stringers, plus the thickness of the risers. The steps should be perfectly smooth with neat rounded edges, and this is also very important to take into account. For them, a board with a thickness of 30 ÷ 35 mm is selected.
• If it was planned to make the staircase closed, with risers, then they must also be done carefully. For these elements, you do not need to take a board of great thickness, since basically the entire load will fall on the stringers, and the risers will play a role supporting the structure. A thickness of 15 ÷ 20 mm is sufficient.

• It would be better to purchase balusters and handrails ready-made along with fastenings. If there are children in the house, then, for safety reasons, it is worth installing two balusters on each step. In the case when the children have already grown up, then one element supporting the handrail is enough.

Prices for various types of staircase elements

Elements of stairs

Installation of stairs

Installation of the stairs is the most crucial moment after the manufacture of all structural elements, and it must be approached with the utmost responsibility.

• The stringers are installed first according to pre-established marks. On the floor they are fixed to a support beam fixed in the right place, and in the upper part they are installed in the cut-out gaps in the floor beam. Sometimes, to secure the upper part of the stringers, metal supports are used, mounted on a beam covering the ceiling. The fastenings for these load-bearing elements are anchor bolts.

To ensure that the parts are installed perfectly evenly, during the installation process they are constantly aligned with a plumb line and the building level.

• If risers are provided, then they are screwed before laying down the tread surface.
• Then the tread panels are secured on top of the stringers and risers with self-tapping screws.

The fastening of risers and steps occurs in a complex, and proceeds from bottom to top.

• Then, when the steps are ready, you can proceed to installing the balusters.

On both sides, that is, on the floor of the first floor and at the top of the stairs, support posts are installed, which will become the border for general design handrail (railing). They will also play both a supporting and decorative role.

Balusters can be of different sizes and are made of various materials, so they can be attached in different ways. Some of them are simply installed in drilled holes in steps and handrails, others are screwed with self-tapping screws, and the mounting points are closed with decorative plugs.

• , they are covered on top with handrails, which are fixed to the supporting outer posts. If necessary, another support post can be installed in the middle of the stairs.
• If three or even four racks are installed, then instead of balusters, two or three even boards (planks) fixed parallel to the course of the stairs can serve as a reliable fence.
• When the entire structure is assembled, you can proceed to surface treatment using a grinder and sandpaper. Preparation is carried out before applying protective and decorative paint coatings.
• The first layer that is applied to the wood is antiseptic compounds. They will protect the wood from rotting, mold or mildew, and from domestic insects. After this, the structure is allowed to dry completely.

• Next, the staircase can be coated in several layers with varnish (preferably water-based), hot wax or paint.
• If it is necessary to darken the wood, it is first coated with stain or other tinting compounds, and then, after drying, a varnish coating is applied on top of them.

After the paint coating has dried, the staircase will be ready for use.

Photo instructions for creating a wooden staircase

Step 1 - drawing of the future design

Video: another interesting option for installing stairs to the second floor

If you need to install it in your house, you need to carefully calculate every step of your work and approach it with all responsibility and accuracy.

In houses with several floors, a staircase is a necessary construction and decorative element. The staircase in the house should be functional, but at the same time be combined with the main style of the interior. It is very important that the stairs are safe. To do this, before purchasing, you need to study the types of stairs, the materials from which they are made, as well as the types of structures. Stairs are divided into different types. This depends on their functional load, purpose, as well as on the style of execution.

Most houses have several floors. That is why stairs are installed in them. Today, consumers can choose from a wide variety of staircases. Different types are installed in different types of houses. Their choice often depends on the size of the house and the style in which the interior is designed.

Stairs should be selected taking into account the size of the room, as well as the ease of their use in it.

For example, spiral staircases look very beautiful, but in most cases they are installed in houses with a small area. They are not very convenient when rearranging furniture, but they bring charm and elegance to the interior. Marching stairs are installed in houses with a large area, but installation in small houses is avoided.

Types of stairs:

• Screw. They are good to install indoors to save living space. For correct installation you need to calculate the dimensions of the space. To correctly calculate the size of the stairs, you need to take into account the size of the steps.
• Marching. Such stairs are designed taking into account the mechanics of movement. That is why they are very functional and easy to use. They are ideally installed in houses with a large area.
• On the Bolts. The staircase has this name due to the fact that its main elements are secured with bolts during installation. This type of ladder is convenient and advisable to install in small spaces. They keep it compact.

Each type of stairs has its own characteristics and characteristics. If renovation is planned in a house with several floors, it is important to know the points that will help you choose the appropriate staircase option for specific premises. You should also carefully consider the choice of materials and methods of fastening, since the safety of movement on stairs largely depends on them.

How to install a ladder in the corner of the house

You can place the ladder anywhere. But it is important to consider the size of the room and functional features stairs. Massive and multi-level structures are usually placed in the very middle of the room. Such a staircase acquires not only a functional, but also a decorative function.

If the house doesn't have much large area, it is better not to clutter the space, but to place the structure in the corner of the room.

In order for the staircase to be functional and at the same time safe, when installing the structure with your own hands, it is important to take into account the angle of its inclination. It is important to consider that if you make a flat staircase, it will take up more space than a steep staircase, which can become a source of injury. To climb to the second or third floor, it is important to position the staircase as correctly as possible, as well as choose the most convenient and safe design for this.

What quantities need to be taken into account during the design process:

• Height of the structure;
• Horizontal projection length;
• Tilt angle;
• Number of elements;
• Riser height;
• Tread width.

The height of the structure placed in the corner will correspond to the distance between floors. It is important to take into account the width of the upper ceiling. The length of the horizontal projection is determined by a more complex method. To do this, you need to determine the number of steps, their height and width. It is important to take into account the fact that the installation of stairs for garden house and the apartment will be significantly different. Ideas for installing staircases of various types can be found on the Internet on specialized websites.

Arrangement of stairs in the house: structural elements

The design of any staircase consists of basic elements connected to each other. Various designs imply the presence or absence of any of the elements, each of which fulfills its purpose. Knowing the basics of staircase design will allow you to make and place the structure yourself.

Depending on the type of stairs, one step may have different sizes at both ends.

When choosing a structure and its elements, it is important to pay attention to their quality. The company must guarantee the quality of each element from which the structure will be assembled. If the choice is between two types of structures, you need to choose the one that represents the least dangerous look and the most functional.

Main elements of the staircase design:

• steps. They are formed by treads and risers. When choosing a tread, it is important to consider the size of your foot and the convenience of placing it on it. You need to take measurements in advance. The riser is the vertical part of the step, but it may be missing.
• Support beams. Serve as a basis for attaching steps. They are divided into three types. They can be a stringer, a bowstring or a pole. The first two options are suitable for the construction of marching type stairs, and the last one is suitable for a spiral type.
• Railing. Allows you to safely climb stairs. They are characterized by two parts. The first part is the handrail, the second is the baluster.

An example of how all elements of a staircase structure are formed into one can be found on the Internet. When installing the structure, you can seek help from a professional craftsman who will calculate the dimensions of the elements and their relationship to each other. After all the calculations have been made, you can begin installing the staircase structure.

How to install stairs in a house: choosing a location and material

Stairs vary in appearance. They can be installed outside, for example, on the facade. Or you can install it inside the house between floors. In many ways, the choice of stairs is initially influenced by the construction of the house. There are standards that must be followed when choosing the type of staircase and its installation.

Professionals advise making a choice of design and material even before building a house. For example, in a house made of timber or in a log building, it is best to install a wooden staircase.

After choosing a design, it is important to decide on the installation location. To do this, you should take into account the size of the room, the place where the exit from it is located, as well as the heating system, which should be placed at a safe distance from the stairs. Depending on the area of ​​the room, the staircase can be located in the middle of the room or in its corner.

Installation of a staircase using the example of a screw structure:

• Decide on the materials from which the steps will be made. They can be wooden, concrete or stone. Wooden and concrete steps can be made independently. But the stone steps will have to be made to order. Modern production offers various options and types of stone steps.
• Install the vertical stand. Depending on the design of the staircase, the stand can be stacked or solid.
• Adding steps. To do this, the finished steps are strung on a special pipe, and a clamp is made on top using a wider sleeve. After installation, the steps are fanned out. Vertical brackets will strengthen the structure.
• Installation of railings. It is important that the handrails are curved and the balusters are made of solid material.

After installing the stairs, there will be cleaning - it won’t take much time. You should not attach great importance to the installation of different types of stairs. It is important to decide on the type of structure in your home. It is important that the stairs are made of good materials.

Modular staircase in a 6 by 6 house

When choosing a staircase, it is important to pay attention to the area of ​​the room. For a house with an area of ​​6x6, you can choose a modular staircase design. This type of stairs has become widespread due to its ergonomics and ease of assembly.

Before you begin installing the structure, you need to draw up a drawing of the room's interior. This will help you choose the most suitable place for the stairs.

A modular staircase can be placed in the middle of the room or on the side. You can arrange the hall yourself using a modular design. Thanks to ergonomics, modular structures can be installed anywhere, change the distance between steps and adjust the height of steps.

Advantages of modular designs:

• Variability of design;
• Easy transportation and installation;
• Possibility to make a purchase online;
• Self collection.

Pricing policy modular stairs diverse, since the designs differ in the quality of materials and the complexity of the designs. Our Staircase LLC offers customers wide choice quality designs at affordable prices. The company has a high reputation among consumers. Depending on the style of the interior, you can choose a staircase a certain color. Black, white, wooden, etc. are presented to the attention of buyers. design.

The location of the staircase depends on its type. One of the easiest types to install is marching staircase. The reliability and aesthetics of the staircase depends on the quality of installation.

Installing a staircase yourself will not be a problem, but it is important to strictly follow the instructions and not break the sequence of actions, since it will take quite a lot of time to redo the staircase.

A staircase is usually located in the center of the room, although it can also be placed in a corner. Each specific staircase must be installed individually, since the installation largely depends on the area and purpose of the room. The staircase will not only be functional, but will also help to refine the space and decorate it.

Step-by-step installation:

• Make treads and risers.
• Create support beams.
• Install beams.
• Install the steps.
• Place handrails.

A beautiful staircase can be used to decorate not only apartments and residential buildings, but also kindergartens and hospitals. And here is the entrance apartment building decorated with reinforced concrete stairs. When the idea arises to build a house with several floors, it is important to immediately decide on the type of staircase and its location.

Staircase to the house to the first floor

IN two-story house you can’t do without installing a ladder. This structure requires high walls, which affects the location of the stairs in a two-level apartment or house. Installation of stairs in residential buildings requires compliance with the standards (SNiP) and rules for installing stairs.

Decorating a home with a staircase is important not only from the point of view of functionality; following the rules of Feng Shui, you can harmonize the space by placing the staircase in the right place.

Options for this design can be found on the Internet. The decor of the staircase can be made in different style. It is important to determine the color of the staircase, so that the space is harmonious; the curtains must match the style and color of the staircase or contrast harmoniously with them. If the stairs are dark, it is better to make the curtains light.

Groups of stairs:

• Household;
• Ramps;
• Attached;
• Evacuation.

When installing, it is important to maintain the angle of inclination. You can deviate from the rules if the building has a very small area, for example, a garage. But a slope of 23 degrees, when the ladder is almost lying down, is not at all suitable for installing a ladder indoors, except perhaps for a “doll’s” house.

Types of stairs to the 2nd floor in a house: photo

IN multi-storey building Stairs should be located according to certain standards. It is important to comply with the standards, since the safety of using the structure depends on them. Before placing a staircase in your own home, you need to determine its parameters, measure the area of ​​the room, and draw up schematic drawings.

It is important that the staircase has high level security. In particular, the staircase, which is called “on the stringers,” can “boast” of this.

It is important to be very careful about the safety of stairs, no matter how many storey buildings it will be installed in, and in what type of house: brick or wooden. It is important that it is safe and easy to use. Choose the right steps according to your foot size.

Types of stairs:

• Closed;
• Open;
• Semi-closed (convenient to install in a bay window).

Combined stairs have a high level of safety. When installing a staircase, it is important to take into account the “youth” of the structure. Old building needs more careful and careful installation of the stairs.

DIY staircase in the house (video)

The content of this article could be expanded, since there is a lot of information about staircase structures. Installation of stairs in own house you can do it yourself. It is very important to install the staircase according to all the rules, since this will determine how durable the structure will be and how harmoniously it will fit into the interior, especially if it is in the field of view. And finally, I can tell you something interesting about stairs. For example, if you dream of a staircase, it means that a person will experience personal growth and good luck.

A properly designed staircase fits perfectly into the interior and is as convenient as possible to use.

The staircase allows access to the upper floors of the building; it is also part of the interior. With its help you can give the room your own special style. You can do the calculation of the stairs to the second floor yourself if you know how.

Calculation of stairs, main points

Is it possible to do the calculations without the help of qualified specialists? Can. In order to calculate the stairs to the second floor you need desire and basic knowledge school geometry. Although advice from professionals will not hurt. You can also use special computer programs for calculations.

What is important for calculating a staircase structure? The correct calculation of the stairs is carried out taking into account the layout and size of the rooms. This will affect the choice of location and type of staircase structure. Do not forget that for an interfloor staircase, not only the area on the ground floor is important, but also the ability to provide a convenient staircase opening on the upper level.

Staircase in the plan of a two-story house.

At the first stage, the following points must be taken into account:

• height from the first floor to the second (room height);
• total area of ​​premises (first and second levels);
• location of load-bearing and interior walls;
• location of door and window openings.

This will allow you to determine the size of the area that can be allocated for the construction of the stairs, the size of the opening for access to the second floor and select the optimal model.

If the area for installing the stairs measures 160x160 cm or more, then it is better to choose a flight of stairs. If you have a more modest area, you will have to limit yourself to a screw design.

spiral staircase It can be placed in the corner of the room.

Straight stairs

A straight flight of stairs (flight) is the simplest option for installation and calculation. This form is very convenient for wooden structure. Straight flights have one drawback - their installation requires a significant area of ​​the room.

To make efficient use of space, the space under the stairs is often equipped for a closet, offices, and even restrooms.

Generally accepted norms and construction standards will help you draw up a project correctly and accurately perform calculations. For example, if the staircase has an inter-level platform, then its width should correspond to the width of the span. In this case, the minimum width of the flight is 0.7 m. One person can go up or down this staircase.

For the comfortable movement of two people, as well as for convenient transportation of large items, such as furniture, household appliances, to the second floor, the width of the flight of stairs should be greater - from 1.2 to 1.4 m.

Dependence of the capacity and convenience of the stairs on the width of the flight.

The length of one straight section with steps should not be more than 3 m (the minimum size is approximately 1.5 m). The steps must be the same height and depth.

Turning stairs

In order to save space in the house, most stairs to the second floor have to be made with turning sections. The easiest way to rotate is to install a platform. There are U-shaped and L-shaped structures, where rotation is realized using winder steps.

Important parameters of the stairs that need to be calculated:

• inclination angle value;
• dimensions of the area between marches;
• step height;
• depth of straight and winder (if provided) steps;
• fencing parameters.

Angle of inclination of flight of stairs

The angle of inclination of the stairs is the angle between the flight of stairs and the horizontal (floor). It is he who is primarily responsible for the convenience of the staircase design. The angle of inclination should allow a person to easily go up/down the stairs.

Depending on the angle of inclination, the staircase is used for certain purposes.

Building codes and regulations (SNiP) determine the optimal parameters of stairs: the most convenient and safest are staircase structures with an inclination angle in the range of 30-45 degrees. These are the slopes chosen for indoor and outdoor use. stationary stairs. If this angle is less than 20 degrees, install a ramp.

How to calculate stage parameters

When calculating the staircase structure to the second floor, two values ​​are important: the height of the tread and the depth of the tread (the horizontal landing of the step). These parameters determine the degree of convenience and safety when moving (ascending/descending) stairs. It is important to determine them correctly, since these values ​​are involved in the design calculations.

It is convenient to climb stairs when there is no need to artificially increase or decrease the length of the step. Average length the pitch when moving on a horizontal plane is 63-64 cm, and when lifting - 31.5-32 cm.

The step size of the average person.

Based on these data, the height of the riser is most often in the range from 12 to 20 cm (the optimal size is 14-17 cm). The optimal tread depth is determined from 25 to 30 cm. The maximum permissible step depth during the construction of stairs is 32 cm.

Often, in order to save space when installing staircase structures, models are used with one step overhanging the other. This type of steps gives the staircase a lighter and more beautiful look.

Calculation of the size of steps of a flight of stairs

Let's consider the option of calculating the main parameters for simple example. The optimal ratios of step height and depth used when designing stairs (cm): 19/27, 18/28, 17/29 and 16/30. Ideal option– 17/29 cm.

We use exactly this ratio to calculate such important parameters structures, such as angle of inclination, flight length, total number of steps.

The number of steps is easy to calculate: the height of the floor (for example, 270 cm) must be divided by the height of the step (17 cm): 270/17 = 15.9. We discard the fractional part and get the number of steps per flight of stairs(15 pieces). If the number is fractional, you can make the first or last step a little higher or a little lower than the rest.

To eliminate the difference, you can also install a special podium under the stairs.

We specify the height of the steps. To do this, divide the height of the room by the number of steps: 270/15 = 18 cm. Thus, the height of each step is 18 cm.

The depth is calculated taking into account the horizontal step width. For calculation, we select a step equal to 63 cm. From this value we subtract the double height of the step: 63-2x18 = 27 cm.

Calculate the area and angle of inclination

Now you can calculate how much space the stairs to the second floor will take up. It is necessary to determine the area of ​​projection of the flight of stairs onto the horizontal plane. It has the shape of a rectangle, one of whose sides is equal to the width of the steps (d), and the second (b) is the projection of the length of the flight onto the horizontal.

Formula for sparing a rectangle: S = b x d.

The length of the larger side of the rectangle (b) is obtained by multiplying the depth of the steps by their number: 27x15 = 405 cm. The smaller side of the rectangle (d) is equal to the width of the stairs and is selected independently. It is worth considering that the minimum size for one person to move is 70 cm, for two people the minimum is 100 cm.

For convenience, the staircase in the drawings should be presented in 3 projections.

Now you can begin calculating the length of the flight of stairs. In this simple calculation, the well-known school formula (Pythagorean theorem) will come to the rescue. The length of the march is the hypotenuse right triangle(c), the legs of which are the height of the room (a) and the horizontal projection of the span (b):

c2 = a2 + b2 = 2702+4052

And the required length (hypotenuse) is equal to square root from the sum of the squares of the legs, i.e. c = 486.7 cm or 486 cm (we do not take into account the fractional part).

To determine the angle of inclination of the stairs, you will have to remember school course trigonometry: the sine of the desired angle is equal to the ratio of the height of the floor (a) to the length of the flight of stairs (c):

cos(α)=a/c, α = arcos(a/c)

Having performed calculations using these formulas, we determine the angle of inclination - 370.

Convenient service for calculating staircase structures

Enclosing structures

When developing a design for a staircase to the second floor, it is worth paying attention to the fence in order to install it correctly. The following dimensions are important for installation:

• baluster height;
• length and width of the railing.

Fencing is an important element. Their standard height(including handrails) should be from 90 to 100 cm. If there are children in the house, additional handrails should be provided (70-75 cm). The design and material of the fence can be anything.

For stair railings, not only reliability is important, but also convenience.

If you build a staircase according to all standards and rules, it will be comfortable, durable, safe and will last a long time.

Ksenia Skvortsova. Editor-in-Chief. Author.
Planning and distribution of responsibilities in the content production team, working with texts.
Education: Kharkov State Academy Cultures, specialty “Culturologist.” Teacher of history and cultural theory." Experience in copywriting: From 2010 to the present. Editor: since 2016.

Comments 1

Any room that has 2 or more floors requires the organization of stairs or an elevator that will allow a person to climb to the floor he needs. As a rule, staircases are used for private residential buildings, which are much cheaper to build and do not require additional costs or problems in operation. The location of the stairs in the house plays a rather important role.

Types of stairs for the home

House with a “second” light

All existing stairs cannot be classified as the same type. Starting from technical characteristics and direct purpose, stairs can be divided into the following subtypes:

• Stairs input type, which can be placed outside a residential building or in a special recess on the porch;
• Staircases of the basic type, which are a fixed structure that can be located inside a residential building, and which serves to connect the residential floors of the building;
• Auxiliary stairs designed to connect a house with a basement or attic.

Each type of staircase must be made in accordance with all the rules and requirements, which provide for the organization of convenient and reliable design, which will not threaten human life. In addition, the stairs must be wide enough to allow furniture to be brought in, and in case of evacuation of the premises, at least 2 people must stand on the stairs. Special attention it is worth paying attention to the requirements fire safety, because most stairs are made of wooden materials, which makes them highly flammable.

One of the most important points when constructing any type of staircase is the choice of shape and design. The correct design of such a structure depends on general view private residential building, both outside and inside. In addition, the choice of the location needed to install the structure depends on the chosen style of staircase.

Specifications

Any staircase can be divided into two main components: the landing and flights of stairs, the number of which depends on the type and size of the staircase itself. The landing is also divided into two main types: floor landings (arranged level with the floor of each floor) and interfloor ones. It's called a flight of stairs structural element, which is designed to connect two landings.

The main emphasis of the flight of stairs is on both landings, which it connects. The flight of stairs consists of a certain amount steps that are connected to each other using inclined beams, the number of which depends on the type of staircase structure and its location. Such beams can be located under the steps (such beams are called stringers) or on each side of the steps (end beam).

Both landings and flights of stairs must be equipped with special handrails or fences. When organizing stair railings, it is necessary to observe their minimum size, which ranges from 80 to 100 centimeters. Depending on the configuration and size, the staircase can be made with one, two or three flights.

Spiral staircase

As a rule, for a private residential building a staircase with two flights and a turning type is used. But if the height to the second floor exceeds 4.5 meters, then the staircase must be chosen with three flights, which will make the staircase structure more rigid and durable. To ensure that the staircase structure does not become a thorn in the beautiful room, it can be made in complex shapes.

For almost every interior you can choose your own type of staircase design. The most common staircases are structures that have a straight, curved and rotating shape. In some options for the construction of a private residential building, one cannot do without a fan-shaped staircase structure, which is more often called a spiral staircase.

Design problems

As a rule, a staircase in a residential building takes up quite a lot of space, which makes its location very problematic. That is why many architects try to make the staircase as compact as possible. It is precisely because of the lack of free space that most often they use rotary-type staircase structures, which do not have an intermediate platform designed for relaxation.

In addition, such staircase structures are equipped with special winder-type steps. Such steps are made in the form of a wedge, which gives the impression that such steps run on top of each other. When using a rotating staircase design, do not forget about some nuances.

Where the flight of stairs turns, several steps will have a minimum width at the base. This width should not be less than 12 centimeters, which can lead to danger when descending or ascending the stairs. Building codes provide for a limit on the number of steps on a flight of stairs.

The minimum number of steps on the flight should not be less than 3 pieces. Maximum quantity There are 18 steps on one flight. But few people adhere to such instructions, and almost every flight of stairs has more than 18 steps. As a rule, exceeding the standard number of steps leads to a smaller inclination of the staircase structure, which allows you to save some free space in the house.

The width of the flight of stairs, which can be measured from railing to railing or from wall to railing, should not be less than 90 centimeters. This is necessary so that people who step onto the stairs from different ends can easily pass each other on the flight of stairs. The width of the landing should not be less than the width of the flight of stairs itself.

Enough important point It is considered to determine the required slope for the staircase structure. In order for a person to be able to extra effort climb the stairs, its slope should be about 27 degrees. In addition, the height of the steps should also be determined as correctly as possible.

Due to the limited free space in a private residential building, it is necessary to make the minimum permissible slope of the staircase structure, which will help save some free space for organizing more comfortable interior the room in which the staircase structure is planned to be located. It is for this reason that the stairs are made of lumber. In such a house, which has a fairly large area, the staircase structures are made of reinforced concrete.

steps

Depending on the type and location of the staircase structure, the required material for the manufacture of steps is selected. In ancient houses and at entrance staircases, steps are made of stone, reinforced concrete or metal. Metal steps are ideal for fire ladders, facade type or fan type.

In addition, the use of metal in a staircase structure allows for a more complex and attractive shape of the entire structure. Reinforced concrete structures can be used not only outside the building, but also inside. Modern methods finishing of concrete structures allows you to organize a reliable, inexpensive and attractive staircase, which will be in no way inferior to its oak counterparts, which are considered the most presentable.

Wooden staircase structures

As a rule, wooden building materials are used to make a staircase structure that will be located inside a residential building. The main advantage of this type of staircase design is considered to be quite light weight, which in private construction is considered a matter of paramount importance. In addition, the cost of a wooden staircase cannot be called prohibitive, given the fact that it will be manufactured on its own.

To make a wooden staircase structure, it is better to use oak, pine or larch, which are considered the most suitable types of wood for making such a structure. Do not confuse pine with spruce, because spruce is considered quite soft wood, which will lead to rapid wear of the staircase structure. Due to the fact that a wooden staircase has a fairly light weight, there is no need to organize a foundation for such a structure.

Staircase from the designer

Instead of a foundation, it is enough to fasten reinforced beams to the floor, which will take the main weight of the staircase structure. Directly on flooring It is not recommended to attach the ladder. This can lead to sagging of individual flooring boards on which the stairs will rest.

The support beams on which the steps will rest are made of edged boards, the thickness of which is at least 5 centimeters. The width of the support beam should not be less than 20 centimeters, which will allow the board to gain the necessary strength and rigidity. Stairs of the stringer type are considered easier to manufacture and much more beautiful and practical to use.

The treads of the steps are made from edged boards with a thickness of 3 to 5 centimeters. Such treads are laid on special triangular-type jambs, which can be made of either wood or metal. These jambs are attached to the stringers and the steps themselves.

In this option for constructing a staircase structure, the ends of the steps are of an open type, which leads to further preparation and finishing of this element staircase structure. When making a wooden staircase, you will have to abandon the use of nails, which can poorly hold the critical elements of the entire structure. To fasten individual elements of the stairs, it is better to use special screws and wood glue.

WITH inside end beams, it is necessary to make special grooves that will correspond to the shape of the steps. The depth of such a groove should be about 2 centimeters. Such grooves are needed to fix the treads and risers.

In order for the grooves to be as similar as possible, they need to be made according to a pre-prepared template, which will eliminate all deviations from the original dimensions of the groove. The fencing of the staircase structure cannot be ignored. Fencing elements can be made of any material that is strong enough to support the weight of a person.

Place railings on both sides of the steps when there is no wall on one side of the stairs. With some options wooden stairs The railing must also be attached to the wall itself. This is not responsible for safety, but it gives the stairs a rather interesting appearance.

A closed staircase railing made of transparent plexiglass is considered quite common. Less common is a blind fence made of boards or plywood. Such fencing is ideal for cases where the house is inhabited by small child, which will not be stopped by thinned railings.

Location of the staircase structure

Ladder - shelving

The location of the staircase structure in a private residential building is considered a rather important issue. The staircase should be located in such a way that the descent and ascent along it is as comfortable and well-lit as possible. At the same time, the design of the staircase should not interfere with passage along the lower floor of the house, blocking access to certain areas of the room.

As a rule, internal staircase structures are placed against a blank wall, fixing one of the ends to the wall itself. Placing a staircase in the center of the hall is advisable only in cases where there is an abundance of free space in the room, and the structure itself will not block the entrance to one or another part of the room. In some cases, a special bay window is organized for such a staircase, which is planned when construction of the entire residential building begins.

The location of the staircase structure on the veranda of the house is typical of cottage houses in which no one lives in winter time years, because the staircase structure will be located in a cold place. Such staircase structures are usually designed to access attic space or residential premises in which people live only in the summer.

In order to minimize the cost of space for a staircase structure, it is necessary to use a fan-type staircase. This design takes minimum quantity free space and can be located anywhere. It is quite difficult to make such a staircase structure yourself.

Most often, such stairs are made from a combination of metal and wood, which leads to a fairly high cost finished design. But if you take everything into account positive aspects such a design, you can spend a little money. In addition, such a staircase structure is considered durable and as strong as possible.

The location of the staircase structure in a residential building is responsible not only for ease of use, but also for organizing an attractive interior at the location of the staircase. In other words, an incorrectly positioned staircase can have a negative impact on the organization. interior design living space. It is for this reason that the issue of staircase location must be taken seriously.

In order to correctly position the staircase in a particular room of a private residential building, you can resort to the services of an experienced architect who will not only find the most suitable staircase location option, but will also design a staircase structure that will fit perfectly into the new interior Houses. The disadvantage of this option is the rather high cost of services of a qualified specialist.