What are the most unpretentious trees? Fast-growing coniferous plants: types, names, description and role in the garden

Fast-growing trees and shrubs, growing by tens of centimeters and even meters each season, quickly create a complete landscape on the site. True in the first year active growth It’s better not to wait, the plants need to adapt and take root properly, but next season the garden will significantly please you.

Fast-growing trees and shrubs have their own champions. Poplar, white acacia, willow, birch, silver maple and ash maple gain height the fastest. The landscaping of our parks cannot be done without them, and without a doubt, they will always find a worthy place in large private landholdings. For plots of modest size, medium- and low-growing varieties tree sprinters.

The impact of this on the species in question, on the forest as a whole, and on the communities that depend on those forests, can be devastating. Scientists who work on genes to “improve” trees are actually shifting certain genetic characteristics of those trees to better serve the interests of those who fund such research, especially large tree-planting companies, by increasing the profitability of the companies involved. For example, a herbicide-resistant transgenic tree does not “improve” anything, but vice versa.

This modified tree allows the herbicide to be sprayed extensively and, as a result, damages the soil, destroys native flora, poisons fauna, pollutes water, and severely impacts the health and livelihood of local people. transgenic crops and why?

You often have to consider the size of your garden. How smaller garden, the fewer plants should be placed in it. Limited space small garden strictly regulates the choice between various plants and those that are suitable for a small garden. In this situation there should not be too many large specimens; one or two plants are enough to create focal points that organize the garden space.

Much of the research scientists are doing with transgenic trees is of great interest to the pulp and paper industry. In theory, genetically modified trees will allow cellulose plants to grow more fiber in less time. Researchers are working on disease-causing transgenic trees because large monoculture plantations are particularly susceptible to them. Trees managed sterile will grow faster as they will focus their energy on growth rather than flower production.

Fast-growing trees also include bird cherry, red oak, larch, pine, and spruce. Willows look great: weeping, brittle, goat, white. These fluffy green balls quickly grow overgrown with foliage and new shoots, while remaining just as light and lacy. Willow is photophilous, undemanding to the quality of the soil, but needs sufficient air and soil humidity. Fits well into garden design various types conifers Junipers are popular.

The pulp and paper industry is also interested in transgenic trees with more uniform fiber and smaller branches and trunks. The industry's goal is to replace existing tree plantations with transgenic trees that grow faster, contain more cellulose, are resistant to herbicides, insects and fungi, resist drought and low temperatures and do not bloom.

Fuel and energy companies are also increasingly interested in genetically manipulating trees. Faster-growing transgenic trees with less lignin will be less fibrous, allowing for an easier process to convert wood pulp into liquid fuel. This could lead to the creation of huge plantations of transgenic trees to produce cellulose, which in turn will be converted into ethanol.

White acacia will become a real decoration of your garden. In one season, it can add up to one meter in height and width, but such intensity is characteristic of the shrub only in the first years of life. In mid-summer it attracts attention with its abundance of flowers and sweet aroma. In autumn, flat bean pods appear on the branches - these " Christmas decorations"decorate the plant even in winter. If you plant several seedlings together at once, a lush bouquet will appear on your site. Acacia is a delicate plant, it requires a sunny and windless warm place, so it is better to insure against possible frosts and give preference to zoned varieties.

Historically, it happened that forest industry tried to “manage” the forests to satisfy their commercial needs. The result was plantations of trees of the same species, planted in straight lines, evenly spaced to obtain the maximum possible amount of wood per hectare. This has led to the gradual destruction of forests and grasslands and their replacement by industrial monocultures of trees that produce nothing but wood.

However, this was not enough, and companies took various measures to “improve” these monocultures. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations has played a key role in this regard, starting with the definition of monoculture as "forests" and supporting the creation of these "forests" in the south, as well as promoting research on the tree species considered most suitable for planting - especially eucalyptus and pine trees - and has also been one of the main means used to persuade governments of the perceived benefits of promoting these types of plantations in their countries.

Yellow acacia does not suffer from cold winds - this circumstance makes it possible to create ceremonial frontal hedges from specimens of this plant. Their undeniable advantage is their cheerful southern flavor. Both acacia trees magnetically attract butterflies, bees and birds.

Among the shrubs that grow well are serviceberry, Tatarian maple, Manchurian aralia, various types of lilac, hawthorn, viburnum, common hazel, and Japanese crimson. Black elderberry and mock orange grow very quickly. Spiraea all. And the common elderberry (aka red) in two years can turn from a crumb into lush bush and cuttings are taken “at once”.

At the same time, genetic selection attempted to "improve" plantation performance in terms of timber yield, which was soon followed by hybridization and cloning of "better" trees. From this reductionist point of view, the next obvious step was to genetically modify trees. What are the main impacts and risks?

Research with transgenic trees is not limited to laboratories and “controlled” trials, also extending to the field and with wide range species. Genetically modified trees are intended to be planted in large industrial tree monocultures that are already having serious impacts on people and forests. And these trees will increase these impacts. Here short list some of the many serious consequences.

The red elderberry is notable for its strong branching, large leaves and fruits that flash in the crown with scarlet tassels already in the summer. The bush attracts birds, but repels flies. The fact is that all its parts have bad smell. Humans do not feel it, but insects do and avoid it. Therefore, it is traditionally planted near compost heaps and other outbuildings, although the possibilities of its use are much wider. In the garden, for example around the summer dining room, there is hardly a more beautiful and functional green screen than one made from red elderberry.

Genetic habitat contamination: Pollen and seeds from transgenic trees can be carried away by wind, water or pollinating insects. This means that they can easily pollute trees located on long distance. For example, an insect-resistant transgenic pine planted in Chile could contaminate trees of that species in their native habitat in the United States, killing insects and causing severe impacts on food chains to which they are attached. Spread can also occur through roots, shoots and grafts.

Alone or as a focal element in company with birches, willows, viburnum, coniferous trees and the black elderberry delights the eye with shrubs. This large shrub is interesting primarily by the shape of its crown and the ornamental shades of light green leaves. For normal height this plant requires nutritious, loose, moist soil and light. It develops poorly in the shade, and the foliage loses its brightness.

This is one of the biggest risks associated with field trials and commercial planting of transgenic trees. Therefore, regulation at the national level would not be sufficient due to large-scale dispersion. Increasing pressure on local forests: While the “produce more wood in less land” argument used by GM trees seems convincing, the growing demand for wood, mainly from the global North, is also increasing pressure on the land. Over the past two decades, the plantation industry has already improved tree productivity without the use of genetic engineering, but the area of industrial tree plantations has not decreased; it has quadrupled in the global South.

A decorative hedge made of rosehip serves as a decoration for the area and at the same time protects it from prying eyes and unexpected guests. Getting dense bushes is not a problem; to do this, it is enough to plant several seedlings in one hole at once. Excellent results This procedure works for spirea and rose hips. And in the future correct pruning will help maintain the shape of the bushes. These shrubs are not capricious, undemanding to soil conditions, drought-resistant and grow even on garden loams, they are distinguished by varietal diversity. Spiraea successfully takes root on ordinary garden soils, does not like stagnant water, tolerates frost well, prefers bright places.

Because trees can be manipulated to grow faster, resist chemicals and insects and be frost-resistant, they are expected to increase business profits as well as increase the number of crops. Potential consequences of commercial release of transgenic trees include destruction of biodiversity and wildlife, loss of freshwater, soil desertification and serious impacts on human health all directly or indirectly lead to the degradation and collapse of local forests and grasslands.

More water, more chemicals, more destruction: Trees genetically modified to grow faster are likely to use more water than trees currently used in industrial plantations. This will lead to an increase in the number of rivers and dry streams, a decrease in the number groundwater and increasing the drying of springs and wells. Nutrients will be removed from the soil faster, requiring more chemical fertilizers. Transgenic trees will grow faster than native trees and can be highly invasive to surrounding forests, accumulating vegetation and destroying the habitat of animals and fungi that have evolved to live in native forests.

However, we should not forget that many shrubs have the property of “spreading” throughout the garden, suppressing other plants, and they practically do not change in height. These include tree hydrangea and fragrant raspberries. So if you want to quickly get a light and openwork garden, then it is better to abandon these shrubs. It is better to plant barberry, rose hips, honeysuckle or juniper.

Increasing violations of the rights of local communities: rural, traditional and indigenous communities in countries promoting or transgenic tree plantations will bear the greatest burden negative consequences. Transgenic trees will strengthen the already high corporate interests over land and “resources.” Occupying huge amount land and by polluting neighboring soils and streams, transgenic trees directly or indirectly exacerbate the displacement of more communities within their territories, destroying their livelihoods, food sovereignty and control over their own territories.

In addition, the role of trees as dust and noise absorbers is important. Foliage actively traps dust and reduces the concentration of harmful gases, and these properties are different breeds manifest themselves in varying degrees. Planting red elderberry, red oak, and serviceberry perform the most effective noise-protective functions. Interestingly, sounds are not absorbed by the foliage of trees. Hitting the trunk sound waves break up, heading down to the soil, where they are absorbed. Spruce is considered the best guardian of silence. Even next to the noisiest highway, you can live peacefully if you protect your home with a row of green fir trees. And it would be nice to plant chestnuts nearby.

Pinus, for example, is known for its strong pollination ability, spreading pollen hundreds of miles. Transgenic trees cannot help reverse climate change: The idea that planting trees can help with this review is based on the false assumption that the carbon released by burning coal or oil can be considered equivalent to the carbon absorbed into the tree. Fossilized carbon stored beneath the soil is stable and, unless dug up to remove it and burn it, will not enter the atmosphere.

Moreover, transgenic trees will only increase the number of plantations, and plantation deforestation is a major driver of deforestation. Plantations are not forests! Transgenic tree research follows a logic of constant "growth": whether to produce pulp for paper production, liquid ethanol for fuel, biomass for energy, or greater carbon sequestration, transgenic trees exacerbate the current violence of the economic system.

Poplars planted in a row resist strong winds, thereby protecting the garden from freezing in winter. In the same way, you can isolate yourself from the dusty road. In summer, they not only provide long shadows, but act as a kind of vacuum cleaners. Up to a ton of dust can settle on the leaves of an adult tree, which is washed off every time it rains. Speaking about poplars, one cannot help but touch upon the problem of poplar fluff, which for many is a natural allergen, but among poplars there are varieties that do not produce fluff at all, for example, white or silver poplar.

It is vital that we oppose the expansion of tree monocultures and participate in the fight against transgenic trees. The work classified 37 trees in total. The one most suitable for afforestation is commonly known in Acre as the old squirrel and in Rondonia as the sack.

The research is now at the stage of systematizing the results. As a parameter for classification the best trees 14 classification factors were used, such as dome architecture and edible fruit production. Research shows that cattle raised on shaded pastures live better, gain weight faster and produce more milk.

In order to cover an area with abundant vegetation, of course, you need fast-growing shrubs and trees...

When choosing a type of vegetation for planting, summer residents mainly focus on 2 factors - practical benefits (for those that will bear fruit) and appearance(intended for decorative design summer cottage). But what if it is not inhabited at all, and everything has to start literally from scratch? Optimal solution– plant fast-growing shrubs and trees.

Researchers visited properties where native trees lived with grasslands to collect information and botanical material that allowed for accurate identification of each species. In one aspect, the architecture of the canopy was taken into account. To others important aspect The thing that needs to be observed is the location of the roots. Since animals usually go under trees, it is important that the roots are not shallow or exposed, which could cause discomfort. The presence of edible fruit is good point, but trees with leaves or fruits that are toxic to animals should be avoided.

How are they characterized? Mainly by the intensity of development. Such trees include those that annually grow by about 0.5 m or more (up to 2 m); for shrubs - from 0.3 m. Their number on the site is determined by the feasibility of planting, its size and layout, since each owner has his own preferences in matters of cultivation, canning, and so on. But this is a matter of taste.

Tolerance to insect attack and rapid growth were also assessed. All these characteristics were systematized, and the species were scored from 1 to 5 per indicator. The scores are used to compile the Arboreality Breeding Index, which indicates whether a plant is good or not for afforestation.

In addition to providing shade for livestock, trees provide environmental services to the property. Roots help retain water in the soil and prevent erosion. Some species, especially legumes, have the ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen in the soil in combination with microorganisms, the deficiency of which is one of the main factors in the degradation of pastures grown in tropical regions. In other words, in addition to livestock, forage grasses also benefit from the presence of trees.

But what can you plant in your dacha right away, regardless of your future plans? Let's figure this out. There are quite a lot of options, as well as opinions, so we will focus on the most common ones fast growing plants, but not the only ones possible for planting at the dacha in middle lane countries.

Lilac

There are many varieties of this shrub. But regardless of the choice of variety, it will decorate any site.

Willow

It develops very intensively (it is considered a record holder in this regard), and is also unpretentious. And if there is an artificial reservoir on the site - a pond or a fountain with a pool - then willow is perfect. By the way, if the territory needs to be fenced, then this plant will come in handy here too.

Single color fir

Not to mention the fact that it creates a special microclimate on the site (after all, it is a coniferous species), fir is interesting from another point of view. It stretches 25 - 35 m in height, while it has a crown of up to 9 m (in diameter). If the site is not blocked by any other plantings (buildings) and is constantly under sun rays, then such a tree will reliably shade it. The main thing is to choose the right place for planting, taking into account all the features of the dacha.

Barberry

This plant is so unpretentious that it takes root well in any soil. The only thing it doesn’t like is waterlogging. You can make a reliable “living” hedge from barberry. Through its thorns, let alone a person, a hare will not penetrate into the area.

It is clear that such a small list is not able to fully satisfy the interest of summer residents in fast-growing shrubs and trees. Therefore, we will limit ourselves to listing the possible options.

Birch, poplar - they develop quite quickly (up to 1 m of growth annually).
Hazel.
Hawthorn.
Kalina.
All varieties of juniper.
Bird cherry.
Coniferous trees.
White acacia is one of the record holders for growth. But it is considered a “sissy”, so it is necessary to select one that develops well in a given region (adapted to local conditions).
Spirea.
Rose hip.
Tamaris.
Elder.
Honeysuckle.

What to consider

Any plant must adapt to the characteristics of a new place. Therefore, you can wait for the development of even a fast-growing shrub or tree to begin only in the next season.
Soil composition and moisture content. For the normal development of the seedling it is necessary certain conditions that are suitable specifically for him. Only then can we count on its rapid development.
Sometimes gardeners intensively plant an area with raspberries. You need to keep in mind that it grows quite quickly. Moreover, its shoots literally “spread” across the territory. This fruit bush requires quite a lot of time and effort to care for.