How to make ventilation in the cellar. How to do the ventilation of the cellar with your own hands? Natural air circulation installation technology

However, in order for the products to stay in it for a long time, it is necessary to ensure effective ventilation. In the article we will tell you how to properly make a hood in the cellar.

How it works?

Natural ventilation must necessarily have 2 pipes: supply and exhaust. It is best to use a galvanized or asbestos pipe when constructing a structure. It is also important to correctly calculate the diameter: 1 sq.m of the basement should be provided with 26 sq.m. see duct area.

Necessary for fresh air to enter the cellar. For greater efficiency, it must be installed in the corner, which is located on the opposite side from the installation site of the hood.

Important! Choose a place for installing the supply air duct in such a way that winter time he didn't get covered in snow.

The supply air duct should be placed in such a way that its open end is at a distance of 40-60 cm from the floor. It should completely penetrate the floors and rise above the roof by about 80 cm.

Thanks to it, there will be an outflow of stale air from the cellar. It is recommended to install it along the corner so that the lower end is under the ceiling.
It must take place in vertical position through the entire cellar, the roof and go beyond its limits by 50 cm.

In order to collect less condensate or frost in the duct, it is insulated - another one is inserted into it, and the distance between them is filled with insulation.

Ventilation in the cellar with two pipes is carried out due to different specific gravity warm air inside and cold outside.

If there is a large temperature difference, there is a risk of a draft, which will lead to freezing of the cellar.
To prevent this, during construction, gate valves are used on the air ducts, which allow you to adjust the air circulation.

Types of systems

Today, two types of ventilation systems are installed: natural and forced. The choice of one or another option is influenced by the volume and layout of the basement.

Forced

The design of the forced system includes pipes, but in order to ensure forced air movement, fans are built into them.

Did you know? The need and benefits of ventilation have been known for centuries. However, at that time there were no special designs- just airing.

Typically, the installation site of the fan is the exhaust duct. With its help, it is possible to achieve an artificial vacuum in the cellar, thanks to which fresh air can enter the room through the inlet.

Depending on the volume of the cellar, fans of different capacities are selected. If the basement has complex configurations, fans are installed on both channels.
When constructing a forced exhaust, you cannot do without the help of a specialist who will help you correctly calculate the inflow and outflow of air flows, the diameters of the required air ducts and the power of the fans.

Natural

The main idea of creating a natural hood is to take into account the difference in pressure and temperature in the cellar and beyond. It is very important to correctly determine where the pipes will be located.
It is better to place the air inlet at a height of 25-30 cm from the floor, while the exhaust should not be lower than 10-20 cm from the ceiling. If you place it lower, dampness and mold will soon appear on the ceiling.

How to make calculations?

If you decide to make a hood in the cellar with your own hands, you should pay close attention to the calculations related to the diameters of the pipes.

When constructing professional ventilation, complex calculations and formulas are used that are inappropriate for homemade design. We suggest that you familiarize yourself with the methodology that will be suitable for the construction of home-made ventilation.

Important! Be sure to cover the opening of the intake pipe with a metal mesh, as without it, rodents and insects can enter the cellar.

S=3x2=6 sq.m.

Given the ratio that we took as a basis, the cross-sectional area of the pipe channel will be:

T=6x26=156 sq.cm.

The radius of the ventilation duct is calculated by the formula:

R=√(T/π)=√(156/3.14)≈7.05cm

D≈14cm=140mm.

If available only supply ventilation(exhaust is represented by a hatch), the cross section of the inlet pipe can be slightly increased - an air duct with a diameter of 15 cm is quite suitable.

To ensure efficient air exchange, it is recommended to install an exhaust pipe, the diameter of which is 10-15% larger than the inlet pipe.

For the exhaust duct, an air duct with the following diameter is suitable:

Dv \u003d Dp + 15% \u003d 140 + 21≈160 mm.

Installation of ventilation pipes

In this section, we will tell you how to properly ventilate the cellar and what you should pay special attention to.

Where to locate

The supply air duct is brought out from the surface of the earth. Its lower end should be located almost near the cellar floor, at a distance 20-30 cm.

To install the exhaust pipe, choose the opposite corner of the basement, carry it close to the ceiling. One of its ends is led through the ceilings to the roof.

To improve the efficiency of the ventilation structure, use next tip:place a deflector on the pipe above the roof surface.

By covering the pipe with a cap, you can create negative pressure, which will increase the efficiency of the ventilation system.

Did you know? IN ancient egypt for the first time began to actively use ventilation. The primamid of Cheops has great amount air ducts.

Material selection

For the construction of the hood, the following materials are usually used:

Asbestos cement pipes are very similar to slate pipes, which is why they got the same name. Both materials are quite durable, have high reliability and strength. Installation of polyethylene pipes is easy to carry out independently.

Installation

When installing a ventilation system, pay attention to things like this:

When installing the system in an already finished cellar, you will need to make a special hole in the ceiling.
Through this hole it is necessary to lower the pipe into the basement - it will draw air. Fix it at the top, next to the ceiling.
The part of the pipe that is outside the room must be raised by at least 1500 mm above the ground or above the roof.
In the opposite corner of the basement, it is necessary to make a hole in the roof and install a supply pipe through it. It must end at a distance 20-50 cm from the floor.
The supply air duct must not protrude too much from the roof. It will be enough to raise it to 25 cm.
When installing the supply pipe in the wall, a deflector must be put on its outer end.
If the house has a fireplace or stove, the outlet pipe should be installed near the chimney.

Important! Improper ventilation or lack of it will lead to the formation of stale air, which is sure to seep into the house and can adversely affect people's health. To prevent this, regularly check the presence of traction.

There is nothing complicated in installing a ventilation system, the main thing is to follow all the rules and recommendations.

In order to keep the cellar in good condition and long time store food in it, you need to take care of the microclimate.
It is very important to maintain low humidity in the basement. To do this, it is necessary to periodically ventilate the room. In the summer it is recommended to keep open doors and shutters. Gusts of warm wind will quickly dry the cellar.

The cellar is brilliant invention man, which can be put on a par with the invention of penicillin and washing machines. Thanks to the presence of this underground room, a person was able not only to grow a crop, but also to preserve it. A special shape, a thick layer of earth above its top and proper ventilation of the cellar created a special microclimate, in which practically all year round it kept the same temperature and humidity. The correct microclimate did not allow human agricultural stocks to deteriorate, as in the heat of summer and in the most severe winters. And ventilation plays an important, and perhaps the main role in this.

Basement and cellar: purpose and main differences

We want to make a reservation right away that the cellar and basement are absolutely different rooms, with different tasks. The basement is called the basement of the building, which is part of the house. This floor can be used as a storage room for any supplies, various things, sports and tourist equipment. In the basements, many owners of private houses equip, and gyms.

The supply air duct provides fresh air to the food storage room. It is installed in a corner so that its open end is at a height of 20-50 cm from the floor. The air duct must be in a strictly vertical position, pass along the corner of the room and go outside, rising above the building by at least 0.5 m.

The exhaust air duct ensures the extraction of air with a high content of carbon dioxide outside of storage. It is mounted along the corner of the room strictly on the opposite side of the supply air duct so that the open end of the pipe is 20 cm from the ceiling.

Advice:
The higher the exhaust pipe, the better the draft, and, accordingly, the ventilation in the cellar. If the underground storage is not part of the basement of the house, then the issue of fixing the exhaust pipe becomes quite acute. It can be secured with stretch cables, with lanyards installed on each for tensioning. The most simple and effective method fixing the air duct, this is its conclusion in a wooden insulated box, which is strengthened in the ground with the help of concrete.

Calculation of the cross-section of air ducts and selection of fan power

For effective ventilation of an underground storage, it is necessary that the air ducts can pass the required amount of air masses through themselves, and this depends on their diameter. How to find out what cross section of air ducts is needed to equip an effective ventilation system do-it-yourself cellar? There are two ways to find out the exact diameter of the air ducts:

Order a calculation in the relevant organization. This will give you a guarantee that all calculations will be made correctly. True, this procedure is not the cheapest and for the calculation you will need to pay an amount that may exceed the cost of organizing the entire cellar.
Perform the calculations yourself, while you have to remember the arithmetic, but it will be absolutely free. Which way to choose is up to you.

In order to do the ventilation of the cellar with our own hands, we need to know the volume of the room for storing food and the frequency of air exchange. The recommended air exchange (how many times the air in the cellar is changed) is from 2 to 4, depending on the products stored in it.

To find out the volume of a room, you need to multiply its length by the width and height. Consider a cellar with dimensions of 2 m x 3 m x 2.5 m = 15 m3
To find out the amount of air passed per hour, you need to multiply the volume of the cellar by the recommended air exchange rate. Consider the average value of 3. As a result, we get that in 1 hour 15 cubic meters x 3 = 45 cubic meters should pass through the cellar

We find the cross-sectional area of air ducts using the following formula:

F = L / (S x 3600)

S- recommended air speed
L- air flow.

In our case, the speed of air flow is 1 m/s. (norm for natural ventilation).

We get the cross-sectional area of the duct:

45 / (1 m / s x 3600) \u003d) 0.0125 sq.m

We calculate the radius data of a round pipe:

R=√(F/π)

R- duct radius (mm)
F- section of the air duct (mm.kv)
π - constant = 3.14

Based on the data, we get:

√ (0.0125 / 3.14) = 0.063 sq.m.

The radius of the round duct we need must be at least 125 mm

Now let's move on to performance calculations. exhaust fan. You can use a simplified method. To do this, you need to multiply the volume of the room by 12. In our case, this is 15 cubic meters x 12 = 180 cubic meters / hour. The performance of the exhaust fan for the cellar, with an area of 6 square meters, with a ceiling height of 2.5 meters, is 180 cubic meters per hour.

We equip the cellar ourselves

Many people ask: "How to make ventilation in the cellar?" Now that all the calculations have been made, the money has been saved, we proceed to the purchase of air ducts and equipment. To install a combined ventilation system, we need:

The right amount pvc pipes, with a diameter of 125 mm.
One end tee for condensate drain.
One brass or plastic stopcock for tapping into the end tee.
Fasteners for a pipe.
Exhaust fan, capacity 180 m3/h. Important! The fan is installed inside the exhaust pipe, so look for a model that will fit the diameter of your ducts.
The required amount of wire, with a cross section of at least 1.5 mm2, plug.
Round air intake grille with a diameter of 125 mm - 2 pcs.
Metal mesh, from the penetration of rodents into the cellar 15 cm x 15 cm.
Deflector. Buying a deflector is optional. It serves to increase the draft in the exhaust duct in the event of a power outage and the fan stops.

It is somewhat easier to ventilate in an underground food storage room, which is located under the house. Moreover, all calculations remain the same, but it is easier to fix the air ducts. Exhaust - should go through the basement, and pass from the outside of the house. The height of the exhaust pipe should be 0.5 m higher than the roof ridge.

Master's advice:
Before installing the exhaust pipe, install a fan in it and secure it with standard fasteners.

Using our tips, we hope that you will easily equip your underground storage with the right ventilation system.

Proper ventilation is the key to a good indoor climate. The absence of dampness, fungus, mold, maintaining the temperature and humidity conditions are indicators of the correct operation of the system. When deciding on the construction of a home cellar, it is necessary to foresee all the nuances in order to ultimately obtain the appropriate regime for storing fruits, vegetables, and canned products.

Proper microclimate in the cellar

The best ventilation, which is justified in all respects, for the construction of a cellar with natural air exchange. Requirements that the storage room must meet:

Proper humidity. At high humidity: food spoils quickly, mold forms in the room. Properly arranged waterproofing will help to avoid this.
Requires fresh air intake and exhaust air exhaust.
There should be no temperature fluctuations, in order to avoid freezing of products, as well as the formation of dampness.

Cellar ventilation: how it works

For correct operation ventilation system, two openings are provided in the cellar, which involve the inflow and removal of air masses. Pipes of the required diameter and length are brought into these holes. Therefore, when designing a system, correct calculation is very important. Their location is important for proper air movement.

If the cellar is located under the building (house or garage), then the pipes are located in the walls of the building. In a separate building, they are led out through the ceiling. Large volumes of cold air must not be allowed to enter. At the same time, stagnant basement odor must be permanently removed.

Do-it-yourself ventilation in the cellar: key accents

Which pipes are suitable

Two pipes (air supply and exhaust) made of asbestos or galvanized iron. What should be the length of the pipe, calculated as follows: the exhaust pipe runs along the corner of the cellar, starting one and a half meters from its floor (approximately 20 cm below the ceiling level) and ending on the roof, above the ridge not less than 0.5 m. Correct Height affects the level of traction.

The supply pipe is installed in the opposite corner from the exhaust pipe, at a height of up to 0.3 m from the floor level. The diameter of the pipes is calculated based on the values approved by the standards, so per 1 sq. m cellar area - 26 sq. see pipe section.

Let's say the area of the cellar is 10 square meters. m, then using the formula for the area of \u200b\u200bthe circle, we find the section of the pipe we need.

R \u003d √S / π \u003d √ (26x10) / 3.14 \u003d 9.1 cm. This means that the cross section of the desired pipe is 18 cm.

When calculating, keep in mind that if the calculated diameter is, for example, 12.8 cm, you must take greater value – 14.

Important! In order to obtain proper ventilation of the cellar, the cross section of the exhaust pipe must be calculated with a factor of 1.15. That is, for a cellar with an area of 10 square meters. m - 20 cm (18x1.15), and for 5 sq. m - 16 cm.

Mandatory thermal insulation

Insulation of the exhaust pipe in the place where it passes through the attic is mandatory when installing it. The pipe, which performs the functions of removing warm air, forms condensate on its inner surface in cold weather. It freezes in the cold, reducing, and sometimes completely blocking, the passage of the exhaust air. It is also necessary to protect the exhaust and supply pipes with visors that will not allow precipitation to get inside.

Attention! Adjust the air exchange using dampers that are built into the pipes. Thanks to such devices, it is possible to change the intensity of incoming and outgoing air masses.

board ventilation

For small rooms, it is advisable to ventilate the cellar with one pipe. It is made two-channel. It is possible to make a ventilation pipe for a separate cellar from boards 3-4 cm thick. It is a hollow rectangular structure with sides of 18 cm each. Inside there is a diagonal partition. To regulate the inflow and exhaust air, each channel has a valve.

Important! Supply and exhaust pipes should not be located at the same level. This rule does not apply to ventilation with one pipe.

How to make ventilation in the cellar at home?

For the device of such ventilation, it is necessary to comply with a prerequisite - it should not disturb the comfort of the inhabitants of the house with the smells that are present in the cellar. This fact may indicate that the ventilation of the cellar is not working properly.

The ventilation device in the cellar under the house must be carried out in compliance with regulatory requirements to the installation of pipes and their dimensions, depending on the height of the building and the area of \u200b\u200bthe cellar. Only cellar ventilation with two pipes can be installed in the house.

Rules for installing cellar ventilation in the house

The supply pipe “enters” horizontally into that part of the foundation that is located above the ground level. Entering the room, the pipe turns 90 ° down and enters directly into the cellar, not reaching the floor 0.2-0.5 m. The inflow ventilation pipe should not have many bends and its diameter should be the same throughout the entire length of the duct.
The entrance to the tributary, located not high from the ground, can be covered with snow in winter. To prevent this, you need to constantly clear the blockages (if any). Also, it must be closed with a grate through which rodents and birds cannot enter.
The exhaust ventilation of the cellar in a private house runs inside the wall, along the kitchen or into a specially arranged channel.
It is rational to arrange a cellar room under the kitchen, so the ventilation ducts will be combined.
If it is planned to build a large enough room that serves as a cellar, it can be arranged forced ventilation. To do this, add an exhaust fan to the circuit, which will not allow stale and stale air to stagnate.

Checking ventilation for efficiency

After completing the installation of ventilation in the cellar and all related work, you need to check how well it works, whether excess moisture. The efficiency of work can be checked with a regular match. To do this, you just need to light it. As is known, with school course physics, combustion is supported by oxygen, but if the air is supersaturated with carbon dioxide, then combustion is weak or completely absent. This means that a lit and brightly burning match indicates the presence of oxygen in the air and the good operation of the system, an extinct match indicates that the ventilation is “not pulling”.

In a new cellar, after “commissioning”, it is necessary to check the operation of the ventilation system

You can determine what the humidity in the cellar is for a long time known method- glass of water. Poured into a glass cold water so that its walls fog up. After standing for some time in the cellar, the moisture from the glass will evaporate - ventilation copes with this indicator. If condensate flows down the walls of the glass in trickles, the microclimate of the cellar does not meet the requirements. Dampness can be eliminated by changes in the operation of the ventilation system. Wall painting is a preventive measure. slaked lime. Also, you can constantly keep a bucket of lime in the basement that perfectly absorbs moisture.

In order for the ventilation of the cellar in the house to work correctly and meet all the requirements, such a stage as design cannot be neglected. Indeed, subsequently, a malfunctioning system will not contribute to the preservation of products, but, on the contrary, will spoil them, at the same time growing mold fungi.

Cellar - useful and functional room, which can be filled not only with canned garden food, but also fresh vegetables and fruits. We all want to eat harmless foods, how good it is to eat an apple or cabbage grown on our own in the winter season. suburban area... So that the cellar does not interfere, but, on the contrary, helps to preserve vegetables and fruits for a long time with the maximum number useful substances, in this utility room it is necessary to make high-quality ventilation.

The need for ventilation in the cellar

From time immemorial, the cellar was provided for in the construction of residential buildings. In the absence of refrigerators, it helped to keep food fresh for a long time. His can be conditionally represented as a covered pit with reinforced walls. Very often this is a part of the basement of a building equipped for storing agricultural products or other items.

The presence of ventilation is one of the main conditions for the long and uninterrupted functioning of the cellar.

Properly equipped ventilation is designed to solve the following tasks:

Helps to avoid the accumulation of damp air.
Increases terms useful storage fresh fruits and vegetables.
Helps establish comfortable temperature and humidity.
Prevents the appearance of fungus and mold.
Makes the use of the cellar safe.
Slows down the aging process of load-bearing building structures.

If there is no ventilation system in the cellar or it is installed incorrectly, then there is a possibility of spontaneous combustion due to the high concentration of carbon dioxide. This is especially true for heated rooms, in which heating appliances most often installed in ground floor. The occurrence of fungi also poses a considerable danger.

Moldy formations not only spoil appearance premises, they pose a threat to human health. Inhaling spores from mold or fungus that penetrate from the cellar into living quarters, a person may suffer from asthma, chronic respiratory diseases, and allergic reactions that are inexplicable at first glance may occur.

Ventilation is a whole system, which includes various devices to create proper air exchange in residential and non-residential premises.

The diagram clearly shows all existing methods air aeration

The classification of ventilation systems can be carried out according to various criteria, which are based on:

method of pressure and movement of air masses;
purpose (inflow or outflow of air);
air exchange area coverage (local or general);
component design.

Natural

Ventilation can be divided into natural and artificial. The first way to ventilate the premises is based on the simplest physical laws. Air exchange is carried out as a result of the appearance of a difference between the temperatures of the atmosphere and the room, as well as different meanings pressure.

Special equipment for natural ventilation is not needed, the whole process is organized using air ducts. As a rule, no building construction project can do without taking this moment into account.

Natural ventilation directly depends on the materials used in construction. Wooden, brick buildings are better ventilated in a natural way than concrete ones. Air permeability can be reduced by layers of paint, mortar. To help natural ventilation, periodically open windows and doors.

The natural ventilation system can be spontaneous or organized. Holes made at different heights and different diameters cope with the air exchange system in the second case.

This type of natural ventilation is great for cellars. But it has a significant disadvantage - dependence on climatic conditions.

Artificial

An artificial type of ventilation system is resorted to when the natural method of air exchange is not enough. In this situation, special devices are installed to help replace the used air in the room with clean air.

Filters, heaters, dust collectors, air ducts, fans, etc. do an excellent job of cleaning the air, humidifying it, creating a comfortable temperature.

The design of premises with this type of ventilation involves the installation of these devices at the very initial stages of construction.

Positive aspects of artificial ventilation:

independence from external natural factors (pressure, temperature, humidity);
the possibility of a differentiated choice of the desired characteristics of the state of the room (humidity, temperature, etc.).

It is clear that the creation of artificial ventilation requires more material investments, physical costs. For small cellars, this option, as a rule, is not used.

Very often, builders and designers create a mixed type of ventilation system that combines the advantages of both natural and artificial ventilation.

Supply and exhaust

If we take its purpose as the basis for the classification of ventilation, then we can talk about the supply and exhaust options.

In the first case, we are talking about forced air supply to the room. Waste air masses come out naturally.

The exhaust ventilation system is created specifically to improve the natural. The basis of such ventilation is fans, which help to remove exhaust air from the room.

Optimally for good air exchange, supply and exhaust ventilation should be used. So you can minimize the dependence of ventilation on drops atmospheric pressure, on the direction and speed of movement of air masses.

Comparative characteristics of different types of ventilation

The table below clearly demonstrates all the pros and cons of different ventilation systems.

Table: positive and negative points of different ventilation

Type of ventilation	pros	Minuses
Natural	Does not need to mount complex components. Saves energy resources. Operation does not require significant material costs.	Air exchange is directly dependent on the climate - on the direction and strength of the wind, pressure drop and other aspects of the external environment.
Artificial	The process of air exchange can be regulated and automated by making the necessary settings. Entry of purified air into the room. Insignificant indicators of noise "accompaniment" of the ventilation.	Considerable cost of equipment. High cost of holding installation work. Creating this type of ventilation on your own can lead to improper operation of the system (it is better to resort to the help of professionals). The devices of the system do not always fit into the interior of the premises.
Combined	Independence from external factors. Work stability.	Creation complex system ventilation ducts. Energy dependence.
Supply and exhaust	Reducing the cost of space heating during the cold period. Possibility of purification and filtration of air masses. Automatic mode of operation.	Complex design. Dependence on the uninterrupted operation of energy sources. Costs for installation and purchase of devices included in the system. The high cost of installing a ventilation system.

For arranging ventilation in utility rooms, the natural type is most often used, since this is a less expensive method in many respects.

When planning a long-term operation of the utility room, you should take care of a reliable ventilation system. The choice of the type of structure for air exchange depends on the purpose of the cellar, material capabilities, climatic conditions and some other points.

Already at the stage of laying the foundation, channels are made in the intended location of the cellar, into which ventilation pipes are subsequently mounted.

For uniform distribution of air masses, the ventilation pipes must be of the same diameter. Pipe installation is best done on opposite walls or corners, then the air will not stagnate inside, the circulation will be constant.

DIY natural ventilation

The advantages of self-construction of natural ventilation are low cost, uselessness of professional knowledge, ease of installation.

If at the design stage it was decided to create natural ventilation in the cellar, then special holes are mounted in the basement of the foundation - air vents, vents. To protect against entry into the basement of various small animals (especially rodents), the holes are closed with a grate.

The presence of a grate will help protect the cellar from small rodents getting into it.

The vents can be made adjustable by placing dampers with doors on the outlets.

The presence of a door will help to participate in the process of regulating air exchange

The principle of operation of natural ventilation in the cellar "dictates" the installation of two openings in this room - for air access and for its exit to the outside. The exhaust pipe is mounted at the top of the cellar wall, and the supply shaft is at the bottom. This arrangement of pipes allows the cold fresh air get into the room through the supply channel, heat up and go out through the exhaust pipe. The distance between the supply and exhaust pipes should not be less than half a meter.

Such air exchange obeys the laws of physics - warm air rises up. The lower the temperature of the incoming air, the faster the ventilation process.

In warm climates natural ventilation will be difficult.

Materials and tools

Asbestos pipes are the most suitable material for creating natural ventilation.

Such pipes are often used when installing ventilation in the cellar.

There are other popular materials for ventilation shafts - pipes made of PVC and galvanized sheet. All connections and transitions in plastic pipes are made using auxiliary materials: adapters, PVC corners. It is very simple and convenient.

Galvanized pipes are much more difficult to connect. When installing such pipes, there is a high probability of the formation of rusty areas at the joints, so galvanized pipes should be especially carefully treated with anti-corrosion agents.

When preparing for work, it is necessary to stock up on cement or similar material. When drilling a place for pipes, voids are obtained, which, after placing the pipes in them, should be filled with mortar.

If a void forms between the pipe and the wall, then it must be cemented

fasteners, metal grid, protective caps for pipes are also useful in work.

Of the tools you will need:

hammer;
Bulgarian;
drill or perforator;
trowel or spatula.

Schemes and calculation options

The scheme of natural ventilation will help to understand the essence of the operation of this system and determine the location of the pipes.

Based on the diagram, you can get a visual representation of the work of natural aeration

The diameter of the ventilation pipes is an important value, on which the efficiency of the system will largely depend.

1 cm d pipes \u003d 13 cm² of section. For 1 m² of the cellar, 26 cm² of section is sufficient.

So, in order to purchase pipes for a cellar with an area of \u200b\u200bten square meters, the following calculations should be made:

10 m² x 26 cm² = 260 cm²
We calculate the diameter of the pipe section using the circle formula S \u003d πR²

R² \u003d S: π \u003d 260:314 \u003d 82.8 When extracting the root, we get the value R \u003d about 9 cm

D= 2R The diameter of the pipe must be 18 cm.

This is a simplified calculation formula for normal air exchange in the cellar, without taking into account the intensity of air mass exchange. Professional builders install ventilation systems with more complex calculations.

Step-by-step instruction

Having defined required diameter pipes, having prepared the right materials and tools, you can begin to build natural ventilation.

We place the exhaust pipe in the corner of the room. The open end of the pipe must not be too high or too low from the floor. It is optimal to place the air outlet pipe at a distance of 140–150 cm from the floor surface. If the cellar is a separate room, then the exhaust pipe is brought out through a hole made in the ceiling. If it is built under the residential part of the building, then it is advisable to place the exhaust shaft in the place of the common house ventilation duct.
For better extraction, it is desirable to place a tip of a larger diameter at the end of the pipe.
In the opposite corner we mount the supply pipe, which we place much closer to the floor - 45–55 cm from the surface. The ventilation duct for the supply purpose must pass through the ceiling; it must be raised from zero level floor by 0.8 - 1 m. In a cellar built autonomously, this pipe is taken out to the roof of the building, but it is installed below the exhaust pipe. If utility room located in a residential building, then the hole of the supply pipe is brought out in the wall of the building.
When constructing such a pipe, be sure to correctly position it in relation to the bottom of the cellar
All holes and voids formed during the installation of pipes are covered with a solution, after it dries, the smeared areas can be painted.
Improving the aesthetic appearance and ventilation is achieved by getting rid of the holes formed during installation
Valves are installed inside the pipes. This is done in order to change the clearance with the help of a damper, to influence the intensity of the movement of air masses. Outside, visors are mounted on the pipes,
This appearance not only improves the perception of the building, but also performs a protective function.
closing the openings with a valve from the ingress of precipitation or small animals.
Pipes are insulated with special materials (mineral wool, ecowool, foil penofol and others suitable materials) in order to reduce the formation of condensate. Can apply sandwich pipes = two pipes different sizes placed one inside the other. To relieve the accumulation of condensate inside the pipe, taps for draining water are mounted on the lower part of the outlet channel.
In such pipes, the likelihood of condensation is minimized.

Forced ventilation

There are practically no fundamental differences between the natural type of ventilation and forced ventilation. In the forced version of the cellar air exchange, there is an element that forces the air masses to move.

Materials and tools

Most often, a fan acts as an air blower. This device must draw out excess moisture, unpleasant odors, which may be present in the cellar with fresh fruits and vegetables.

Such tasks are easily handled by one or two fans of medium power, which are installed in the exhaust duct (very rarely - in the supply shaft).

The installation of such a device will increase the air exchange in the cellar.

Single-pipe and two-pipe mounting of fans depends on the cellar area. As a rule, the second option is applicable in rooms with large volumes. Fans are built in the exhaust and supply shafts, they can work in one or in different modes.

Building owners can adjust the parameters of the outflow and inflow of air themselves, with such devices it is easy to control humidity and temperature regime in the cellar.

The choice of a fan depends on taking into account a number of parameters:

air volume;
output device type;
specifications.

Fan brands from manufacturers such as Electrolux, Vents, Silent, Blauberg, Systemair are very popular among consumers. They are the perfect combination of low price and good quality. These devices are equipped with check valve functions, they have control units, humidity sensors, time detection relays.

When using a fan, you will need reliable electrical wiring; in this case, safety rules must be observed!

In some cases, other devices - deflectors - are used for forced ventilation. This option is good because the use of deflectors does not require electricity.

The deflector is a special device mounted on the exhaust pipe instead of a protective cap. The principle of operation of the deflector uses the power of the wind. Rarefied air appears inside the duct with a reflector, which improves ventilation.

Electrical connection to improve the aeration of such a cellar is optional.

Deflectors are available industrial enterprises, but some craftsmen make such devices on their own. The efficiency of the deflector is greatly increased if its diameter is twice the diameter of the ventilation pipe.

Necessary calculations

The diameter of the exhaust fan can be determined based on regulatory documents: SNiP 3.05.01–85 - Commissioning certificate and SNiP 32–105–2004 - Acceptance certificate for commissioning of ventilation units.

These sources are, of course, used by designers and builders for production purposes. But calculations can be made for small spaces Similarly.

For effective ventilation of a room with a volume of 16 to 32 m³, a fan with d = 10–20 cm is required. In this case, the air exchange rate will be 1 cubic meter of air per hour of operation.

Pipe diameters are calculated in the same way as for natural ventilation.

Installation

Forced ventilation type construction - a sequence of steps that are taken in the installation of natural air exchange, with the only difference being that fans are placed in one or both pipes or deflectors are attached.

Combined cellar ventilation system

This type of air exchange is suitable for any premises with a variety of characteristics. A combined ventilation system with the installation of fans in the supply and exhaust ducts is in demand for thorough drying of the utility room.

The system may include the equipment that will provide the most acceptable "climate" in the cellar. Best deal with these automated system climate control.

This is especially true in wine cellars, which require a certain temperature and humidity for the maturation and storage of wine.

In this case, a split system is installed, the installation of which should be entrusted to specialists.

With an increase in the humidity in the cellar, you can dry it by resorting to folk methods.

Most easy method- just open the sunroof in the summer. But the effectiveness of this method is low. It is best to use proven and reliable methods using:

brazier;
dry alcohol;
a candle;
electrical appliances;
salt box, etc.

An ordinary metal bucket with holes can be used as a brazier. Burning coals or firewood placed in the brazier should be lowered into the cellar on a cable and kept burning for 10-12 hours. Compliance with safety rules is mandatory!

When using a bucket, do not forget about the holes in the bottom of it.

To create strong traction, you need holes in the bucket. Hot air will help to disinfect and dry the cellar.

An iron can with a lit candle is another option for improving the microclimate in the cellar. A jar with a candle is placed next to the ventilation chimney, without closing the hatch and front door. If possible, lengthen the exhaust pipe. The flame of an ordinary candle is enough to speed up the process of aeration (air exchange) and eliminate negative points in the microclimate of the cellar.

Similarly, they act when using dry alcohol or gas burner without forgetting maximum safety.

To remove excess moisture from the cellar, you can use a gas burner

An alternative way to dry the cellar is less dangerous, but more costly. We are talking about the use of electrical appliances.

For even distribution of heat in the room, place in the center heat gun, heater or some other device for heating the room.

A box of salt can also be a great way to absorb excess moisture.

You can check the quality of an only installed or long-term operated ventilation system in the following ways:

Take a notebook sheet or printing paper and bring it to ventilation grille. If the sheet fluctuates slightly, then everything is in order with the hood.
Place glowing coals in the cellar. At poor performance air exchange may appear bad smell, condensate.

By periodically checking the ventilation, you can avoid various negative aspects in the cellar.

To increase the efficiency of cellar aeration, you can “work” with the valves by adjusting the air movement. To improve the hood, the outlet shaft pipe is lengthened.

To eliminate stale air, a fan is placed in the cellar (with a power of at least 100 W) and the speed of movement of air masses is increased, contributing to better ventilation of the cellar.

Video: the principle and arrangement of the ventilation system

The air ventilation system in the cellar is necessary for the long-term operation of this room. Before independent construction ventilation should be studied possible options aeration and choose acceptable. It is advisable to do this at the design stage of the building in order to immediately provide for the necessary communications. Having built reliable ventilation in the cellar, you can be sure of the safety of products and the efficient use of this utility room.

Cellar ventilation should be as efficient as possible. Every owner of a private house, especially those living in the village, thinks about how to do this.

Only properly equipped supply and exhaust ventilation in the underground storage of a private building will allow you to keep a freshly harvested crop for a long period of time.

If you do not take care of the ventilation system in the basement in a timely manner, then only a photo will remain as a memory of the fruits and vegetables stored there.

Such a system is needed in order to make a comfortable environment for storing crops and constantly maintain the required temperature and humidity.

When arranging it, it is necessary to take into account many factors and correctly calculate and do everything.

There is nothing complicated here, which means that do-it-yourself cellar ventilation, if available required material and tool, can be arranged by everyone.

Features of ventilation systems

Any ventilation in the cellar under the house can only be of two types, namely: natural and mixed-combined.

Both ventilation schemes (if they are done correctly) allow you to store freshly harvested crops for a long time.

Before you begin to install the ventilation system in the cellar, you should make the appropriate calculations.

First, it will be necessary to calculate the area of \u200b\u200bthe space and the required cross section of the ventilation duct. To do this, you will have to use some special formulas.

As a rule, for each square meter cellar, the required cross-section of the duct must be at least 25 square centimeters.

Also, it will not be superfluous to know the air flow.

It should be remembered that excessive ventilation of the cellar space can adversely affect the crop stored there, so the inflow and outflow of air must be done within acceptable parameters.

Also, the ventilation device for the cellar of a private house assumes the presence of good waterproofing.

In addition, in the case when the cellar is an integral part of the whole house and has small size, it would be appropriate if supply and exhaust system will be arranged directly in the basement of the foundation.

The video below shows how to do the ventilation of the cellar with your own hands.

In such a cellar, special vents should be made, which, when the temperature drops outside, are closed with rags to protect against excessive moisture.

In the event that the cellar occupies large area and has enough high ceilings, vents alone will not be enough to ensure normal air circulation all year round.

It is necessary that natural ventilation of the cellar be provided, which will create an optimal microclimate in the room.

Making such a natural system with your own hands is quite simple. Its principle of operation is mainly based on the temperature difference in the basement and on the street.

In order to do it, it is only necessary to mount supply and exhaust ducts, which will ensure efficient air exchange in the basement.

You can see such a ventilation system in the cellar in operation on the video.

Natural ventilation device

To do such ventilation is quite simple and fast. For work, you will need two pieces of PVC pipe of the appropriate length with a cross section that must be correctly calculated.

They will be needed to make supply and exhaust channels in the basement itself. One piece of plastic pipe should be mounted at a height of about half a meter from the ground.

It will act as a supply channel.

The second piece of pipe is installed at the opposite end of the cellar under the upper ceiling. This will be an extract.

This scheme of supply and exhaust ventilation will provide the necessary circulation of air masses throughout the space.

It is worth noting that asbestos pipes cannot be used for these purposes, as this can adversely affect health.

It is also possible to equip air ducts in the form of square channels. This will require planed boards, the thickness of which should be at least forty millimeters.

They need to fit as tightly as possible to each other. When installing such a system, it is necessary that its supply side be slightly higher than the exhaust.

To prevent the formation of condensate in such a system, it is imperative to insulate its exhaust part.

Also, each channel separately should be protected with a special mesh from penetration into the interior of rodents.

In order to regulate the flow of incoming air, if necessary, a damper should be mounted on the supply side. You can see such a system in operation in the presented photos and videos.

Forced ventilation device

In the summer, especially when there is intense heat outside the window, the natural ventilation of the basement of a private house may lose its effectiveness.

In this case, the way out of the situation may be the arrangement of a forced-type flow-exhaust ventilation.

The scheme of its device is a little more complicated than the natural type ventilation scheme, however, everyone can cope with the task of installing it on their own.

Before equipping ventilation in a forced-type cellar, all necessary calculations, draw up a phased work plan and prepare the required material and tools for work.

The main element in this case will be an electric fan, and a low-power one is also suitable.

In this case, it is also necessary to install two pipes in opposite corners in full analogy with the natural basement ventilation system.

You can connect the fan to the network by the simplest circuit however, it is recommended that it be powered from a reduced voltage source.

Such a forced ventilation system will make it possible to regulate not only the temperature in the room, but, if necessary, the humidity.

You can learn more about the forced ventilation device in the cellar in the presented photos and videos.

The video below explains what forced ventilation is.

There is another way to create forced ventilation without using electric current.

To do this, you need to get deflectors. This universal device is mounted on the top of the chimney.

In its work, it uses the force of the wind, due to which it creates a rarefaction in the air inside the entire ventilation system.

This allows you to create the so-called surplus thrust, which provides the necessary air exchange.

You can also use special mini-turbines that work on the same principle as deflectors.

When equipping a forced ventilation system, it should be remembered that it will interfere natural circulation air.

Control of the ventilation system

This is easy to do and all you need is a box of matches. You should go down to the cellar itself, light one of the matches, and then watch how quickly it goes out.

If the flame on the match goes out almost instantly, then it is necessary to start forced ventilation, since in this case an increased content of carbon dioxide is observed in the air.

In addition, the very temperature inside the cellar can be controlled by a thermometer, which should be hung on the wall.

Only proper cellar ventilation can provide the necessary air parameters.

From time to time, any ventilation system requires inspection and, if necessary, cleaning.

The cleanliness of both channels should be regularly monitored, and if plaque is observed in them, then it should be removed as it accumulates.