Nikiforov Pavel Mikhailovich Big biographical encyclopedia See the meaning of Nikiforov, P. in other dictionaries

Monk Peter (Nikiforov) († 8/21 July 1848) In the summer of 1848, cholera raged in the Kaluga province. In the Optina Skete, she was discovered by a young novice Peter Nikiforov. To cure him, the means known at that time were used, but there was no success. Sick

Vasily Nikiforov-Volgin BAPTISM

Vasily Nikiforov-Volgin BAPTISM Today is the great consecration of water. We were going to church. The mother removed the vessel with the remnants of holy water from the goddess and poured it into the oven, into the ashes, for it is a sin to pour it on trampled places. My father asked me: - Do you know how it is called in ancient

ed. bro. "The public significance of the forthcoming Kazan scientific and industrial exhibition in 1889
ed. vaudeville "Workshop of Russian
poet (St. Petersburg,
collaborator "Northern Bee", ed. Art. "To the question of sobriety"

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Nikiforov- Pavel Mikhailovich (1884-1944) - Russian geophysicist, corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1932). Organizer and director (since 1928) of the Seismological University of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Set up a network...
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Nikiforov P. M- Pavel Mikhailovich - owl. geophysicist, corresponding member AH CCCP (1932). Member CPSU since 1932. Graduated from St. Petersburg. university (1908). Worked in Phys. cabinet and seismic. Commission AH (1908-21), Physico-Math. in-te AH CCCP (1921-28).........
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Nikiforov Mikhail Nikiforovich- - pathologist (1858 - 1915). He graduated from the course at Moscow University, where he was a professor of pathological anatomy. His main works: "Microscopic technique" (M., ........
Historical dictionary

Nikiforov Nikolai Matveevich- Nikiforov Nikolai Matveevich - famous artist (1805 - 1881). After graduating from the course at the Moscow Theater School, he took a prominent place in the troupe of the Moscow Maly Theater, which .....
Historical dictionary

Nikiforov Semyon Gavrilovich- - landscape painter (1881 - 1912). In the Tretyakov Gallery, his "In the Barn" (1907) and "Arrived" (1907), in the Rumyantsev Museum - the landscape "In Winter".
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Nikiforov-Volgin Vasily Akimovich- (real name - Nikiforov) (12/24/1900 / 01/06/1901 - 12/14/1941), writer. Tyutchev's lines can serve as an epigraph to the creative heritage of Nikiforov: "Tired of the burden of the godmother, ........
Historical dictionary

Nikiforov P. M

Pavel Mikhailovich - owl. geophysicist, corresponding member AH CCCP (1932). Member CPSU since 1932. Graduated from St. Petersburg. university (1908). Worked in Phys. cabinet and seismic. Commission AH (1908-21), Physico-Math. in-te AH CCCP (1921-28). Organizer and director of Seismological. in-ta AH CCCP (1928-44), at the same time prof. Le-ningr. un-ta (1926-34), Leningrad. bugle Institute of Applied Geophysics (1933-34), Institute of Applied Geophysics (1923-29).
H. one of the first (1921-23) held variometric. definitions in p-not KMA. Created the first owl. gravitational (1924), carried out gravimetry, surveying in the Urals (1924) and in Krivoy Rog (1925), participated in complex geophysics. expeditions in Cp. Asia and the Crimea (1928). applied seismic. methods for identifying oil-bearing structures, as well as for studying physical. mechanism of propagation of elastic waves in the earth's crust. Created to register close earthquakes and organized a network of regional seismic. CCCP stations, according to which the first map of seismicity of the territory was compiled. CCCP (1935). Under the leadership of H. were developed the first anti-seismic standards. building Literature: Ioffe A. F., Pavel Mikhailovich Nikiforov. (Obituary), "Herald of AH CCCP", 1944, No 11-12. T. D. Ilyina.

Mountain Encyclopedia. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia. Edited by E. A. Kozlovsky. 1984-1991 .

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Nikiforov G. K. NIKIFOROV Georgy Konstantinovich (1884) proletarian writer. R. in Saratov in the family of a workshop worker upholsterer. From the age of thirteen he worked in factories. From the age of sixteen he has been a member of revolutionary circles. In 1905, a member of the armed ... ... Literary Encyclopedia

NIKIFOROV- Mich. Nikiforovich (1858-1915), famous pathologist. After graduating from the medical faculty of Moscow University in 1883, N. first worked as an external student in Moscow. Old Catherine b tse. In 1885 he took the place of assistant prosector, and in 1887 ... Big Medical Encyclopedia

Nikiforov V. V. NIKIFOROV Vasily Vasilyevich (1866 1929) Yakut writer. Since 1905, he has been known as the organizer of the "Union of Yakuts", which demanded for the Yakuts zemstvo self-government and representation in the State Duma. Been sitting in... for a few months. Literary Encyclopedia

Alexander Sergeevich (1926-91), chemist, academician of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1987), Hero of Socialist Labor (1971). Proceedings on radiochemistry and technology for obtaining especially pure substances. Lenin Prize (1962), USSR State Prizes (1953, 1975). Source: ... ... Russian history

Nikiforov, Sergei Mikhailovich Date of birth: August 31, 1950 Sergei Mikhailovich Nikiforov (born August 31, 1950) is a Russian politician. Deputy of the State Duma of the second convocation (1996 1999). Contents 1 Scientist ... Wikipedia

Contents 1 Men 1.1 A 1.2 B 1.3 C ... Wikipedia

Yuri Nikiforov General information ... Wikipedia

Ed. official parts of the "Kursk. Province. Ved." (1880-90). (Vengerov) Nikiforov Colonel, author. bro. "Plate privileged grates" (St. Petersburg, 1883). (Vengerov) Nikiforov comp. textbook of microscopic technology (M., 1888). ... ... Big biographical encyclopedia

Books

• , Nikiforov Vasily Nikolaevich. The publication is dedicated to the work of the graphic artist of the second half of the twentieth century Nikolai Grigorievich Nikiforov. The artist's talent was most clearly manifested in etchings depicting the Russian landscape. AT…
• Nikolay Nikiforov. Etching. Landscapes of Russia, Nikiforov Vasily Nikolaevich. The publication is dedicated to the work of the graphic artist of the second half of the 20th century Nikolai Grigorievich Nikiforov. The artist's talent was most clearly manifested in etchings depicting the Russian landscape. AT…

On the eve of the 98th anniversary of the Great October Revolution, we are publishing a historical essay by the famous Irkutsk journalist, writer, professor of Irkutsk State University, researcher, photographer, historian, traveler, folklorist, permanent freelance author of many interesting publications on the pages of "Priangarye" Vitaly Zorkin. Vitaly Innokent'evich recently celebrated a double anniversary: ​​50 years in journalism and 40 in the scientific and pedagogical field at Irkutsk University. Over the years, he defended his candidate's and doctoral dissertations, became a professor and a corresponding member. In 2010 he was elected a full member of the Petrovsky Academy of Sciences and Arts. Honored Worker of Culture of Russia.

... I remember the day when I came to a Moscow apartment on Tchaikovsky Street to meet Pyotr Mikhailovich Nikiforov, a legendary man - a former convict of the famous Alexander Central, and then the Prime Minister of the Far Eastern Republic - a buffer state created on the initiative of V.I. Lenin in 1920.

At that time, I was collecting material about a native of Transbaikalia, an associate of Vasily Blucher and Pavel Postyshev, one of the participants in the development of the plan for the Volochaev operation, later Consul General of the USSR B.N. Melnikov. Old Bolshevik M.M. Sakhyanova sent me to Nikiforov, saying that he knew Melnikov well from the events in Primorye. Moreover, she said that Nikiforov was sitting with Melnikov in the Vladivostok prison, where they managed to publish two handwritten magazines called "From Captivity". I went to Nikiforov in the hope of seeing these magazines.

And then a tall elderly man opens the door, holds out both hands to me - M.M. Sakhyanova has already called him. Pyotr Mikhailovich was in his ninth decade. I asked permission to photograph it. Then we started talking about Melnikov. I told him that I had written a documentary story about him, that I had found his wife and fighting comrades-in-arms F. Shchapov and L. Klikunov. The old underground worker, a participant in two revolutions, perked up, recalling the past years, and began to talk about himself. Here is part of the notes from the notebook: “I was born in the village of Oyoke, where my childhood passed. My first recollections are connected with the Yakut tract, along which parties of exiles constantly passed. We, the children, having learned that prisoners were approaching the village, ran out to meet them in a flock, carrying treats in bundles, tueski with milk or kvass ... ”The family was large. Peter's father soon took him to Irkutsk, and at first he became an errand boy, then he worked for 12 hours at a sawmill. Once, tired, I fell asleep at the workplace, and then there was an accident - the bearings burned out. I had to find a new place...

And soon he measured the endless Siberian versts - he participated in an expedition to lay a second telegraph cable from Kirensk to Vitim. From the taiga he returned stronger and physically developed. Once Petr was invited by his comrades to the political circle classes ...

In his book "Ants of the Revolution" P.M. Nikiforov recalls: “It was in 1901. Two weeks later we met again. This time the leader of the circle spoke to us about the "Union of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class", about its difference from the "Emancipation of Labor" group. Here I first heard about Lenin, Plekhanov, about the Iskra newspaper. In the same 1901, a secret list of persons to be arrested was sent by the police department to all cities of Russia - governors and police officers. In the document, among state criminals, number 89 was "Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov." A secret document instructed the police officers, if a person suitable for signs, “to search, arrest and telegraph to the police department ...” But Vladimir Ilyich was already abroad at that time and was preparing the II Congress of the RSDLP with his like-minded people.

“I remember,” Pyotr Mikhailovich said in a conversation with me, “at one of the classes we read a letter from the Union of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class, addressed to the Putilov workers. Believe it or not, 70 years have passed since then, and I still remember its content.”

Pulling out a thick notebook from the desk, he held it in his hands, as if weighing it, and suddenly asked: “I suppose you don’t guess what it is? These are my prison universities.” On the title page I read: “1912-1917. Notebook of studies in philosophy and mathematics in the Alexander penitentiary…” Small, almost bubbly, but clear handwriting. Notes on political economy, the history of the labor movement, questions about the stratification of the peasantry, about the fate of capitalism in Russia...

As if guessing my thoughts, Pyotr Mikhailovich remarked slyly: “I know, you think, why is this wisdom in prison? And why did Kotovsky, sentenced to death, do gymnastics? I learned about this from Mayakovsky after October and marveled ... but I myself was not far from him, after all, I was also entitled to the death penalty ... "

Knowing P.M. Nikiforov political exile G.M. Kramarov recalled: “Thanks to the influence of party people, the entire mass came to realize their connection with socialism. The revolutionary consciousness was strengthened day by day, year by year…”

But the prison did not only study. During a long stay in prison, political prisoners, cut off from practical work, sought to express their feelings, moods on paper, and many of them took up the pen.

Although the hard labor prison lived its difficult and unknown life for the city, sometimes the inhabitants of the central had bright days. I wish I could find records of this! Recently it became known that A. Blok sent books to the convicts of the Alexander Central. Correspondence with student Z.V. Zvereva. Judging by her letters, Alexander Blok sent books to Siberia for a number of years - from 1909 to 1913.

In the chapter “First Steps”, Pyotr Mikhailovich talks about his political education, about visiting a Marxist circle, about the first illegal publications that he was given to study, about the first strike that he organized together with the stoker M. Bruy at a vodka factory located in the Znamensky suburb , and which ended with the victory of the strikers ...

But there was a large Siberian city nearby, in which social life and struggle did not stop for a minute ... On the one hand, if you look at the city through the eyes of a habitual layman, on the corners of the streets cabmen lined up on black lacquered spans, lamplighters refueled street lamps, on the tower during the fire they sounded the alarm. In the evenings, dressed up citizens went to the theater or to the hall of a public meeting ... But there was another Irkutsk - a city of revolutionary fights, secret meetings and meetings. Yes, Irkutsk was different in those distant years when Pyotr Nikiforov embarked on the path of revolutionary struggle against tsarism! Irkutsk has always occupied a special place in what was then Siberia. From here the road went to the East. Merchants and gold miners lived here, turning millions with Siberian scale. In Irkutsk, in the middle of the 19th century, a scientific center was opened - the East Siberian Department of the Russian Geographical Society. In a word, according to the scale of that time, public life was in full swing. At the end of the 19th century, the first Marxists appeared in Irkutsk, one of them was L.B. Krasin.

... In 1904, P.M. Nikiforov was drafted into the army, served in St. Petersburg on the imperial yacht "Polar Star", in 1905-1906, during the years of the Stolypin reaction, he carried out revolutionary work in the Crimean underground, in Kerch under various pseudonyms and surnames, but in August 1910 he was arrested , planted alone No. 1 of the Irkutsk prison castle. On October 11, 1911, Pyotr Nikiforov received an indictment stating that he was being tried in court martial under Article 279, which entailed the death penalty. He spent many painful and anxious minutes and hours until he learned that the death penalty had been replaced by a long term of hard labor. How did the young revolutionary Pyotr Nikiforov behave? Here he learns about the verdict: “The guards left. There was silence. Well, that’s it, I said out loud, Nikiforov writes, there was a state of either confusion, or some kind of emptiness, but there was no fear ... ”Here it is, the position of a wrestler.

“Probably, I would have gone to my death without fear,” Pyotr Mikhailovich told me when we met. - I wanted to be like some literary hero - it seems like Gadfly. But many years later, in the thirtieth year, I read Victor Hugo's "The Last Day of the Suicide Man". I read it carefully. That's when the hair on my head started to grow. Nikiforov smiled, narrowed his eyes and said: I'll read the passage to you as a keepsake, and you honestly tell me - will you get goosebumps? “I am sentenced to death. For five weeks now I have been living with this thought: forever alone with her, and she freezes me with her presence, crushes me with her oppression! In the old days - it seems to me that whole years have passed since then, not weeks - and so, in the old days I was the same person as everyone else. Every day, every hour, every minute made sense to me. My mind, still young and richly gifted, indulged in various fantasies ... I could think whatever I wanted ...

Now I am a prisoner. My body is in chains, in prison, my mind is in the fetters of the same thought, a terrible, bloody, ruthless thought. I think, I am sure and convinced only that I am a suicide bomber. Whatever I do, this hellish thought is always here with me, crushing me like lead, envious, driving away all entertainment from me, looking me, the unfortunate one, straight in the face, shaking me with its icy hands when I want to turn my head away from it. or close your eyes. Pyotr Mikhailovich stopped in the middle of a sentence, said with a smile: “Well, when they were sitting with Boris Melnikov in the Kolchak dungeon, there was no fear at all. There was only one anger. Melnikov published two issues of the magazine, and I wrote a pamphlet called “The Communist State” - it was published in Blagoveshchensk in the twentieth year ... The work, of course, was weak, but it distracted me from heavy thoughts ... "

The book "Ants of the Revolution" ends with the release of P.M. Nikiforov from Alexander Central. How was his future fate? Here are laconic lines from the historical encyclopedia: “After the February Revolution, P. Nikiforov was deputy chairman of the Vladivostok Soviet, a member of the Far Eastern Regional Bureau of the RSDLP (b). In 1918-20. - in White Guard prisons. In 1920-22. - Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Far East. In 1925-27. - Plenipotentiary of the USSR in Mongolia, then - in responsible work in the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR. During the war years - at party work. He was awarded the Orders of Lenin, the October Revolution, the Badge of Honor and medals. Author of books: "Ants of the Revolution", Moscow, 1958; "In the years of the Bolshevik underground", Moscow, 1952; "Notes of the Prime Minister of the Far East", Moscow, 1963 and 1974; “October in Primorye, Vladivostok, 1968.

***
“We should, like a man, take on the burden that today throws on us, and patiently endure its whims and cruelties, but mentally we should be turned to the spaces where Tomorrow awaits us. Everything should be expected from him, hopes must be placed on him and firmly believed that it will be better ... ”Peter Mikhailovich did not even try to explain to himself why this particular phrase, read out God knows where and when, was suddenly remembered on this memorable day on March 3, 1917 of the year. Maybe because today he was still in prison, and tomorrow freedom awaited him. Yes, he expected everything from tomorrow ... And now it has come, this is tomorrow: “I raced in a train to the east along the shore of Lake Baikal. I looked out the window at its steep waves and thought: look, old man, where am I rushing so furiously: far away, old man, far away, to the struggle for the power of the soviets! Thus ended the book "Ants of the Revolution", and thus began a new page in the biography of Pyotr Mikhailovich, about which we want to talk a little. But first, a few words about the situation in the Far East. “I arrived from Irkutsk in the last days of April and found comrades Neibut, Raev, Kovalchuk and Kushnarev returning from emigration in Vladivostok. All of them are participants in the struggle for Soviet power in the Far East. These Bolsheviks were already involved in party work and played a leading role. A. Neibut offered me an organizational job in the committee, but I wanted to work in production. I entered as an electrician in temporary workshops and at the same time served as one of the editors of the Krasnoye Znamya newspaper. Thus, it fell to my lot to edit the first Bolshevik newspaper in the Far East.

On May 1, 1917, the first issue was published ... - this is how Pyotr Nikiforov recalled the beginning of work in Vladivostok years later in the essay “The Bolsheviks of Primorye in 1917”.

... More than 40 thousand people took part in the May Day demonstration in Vladivostok together with P. Nikiforov, A. Neibut, K. Sukhanov. It was the first legal demonstration in the life of Pyotr Nikiforov. It was a sunny, clear day. The people rejoiced. The demonstrators sang revolutionary songs, a brass band played, red banners and banners with proletarian slogans fluttered. By this time, the party organization had received Lenin's Letters from Afar and the April Theses.

In the theater "Golden Horn" with a report on the tasks of the revolution, M.M. Volodarsky. He possessed an exceptional gift of speech. Volodarsky popularized the theses of V.I. Lenin about the tasks of the Russian revolution, warned the workers not to trust the Provisional Government. The report ended with a storm of applause in honor of V.I. Lenin.

On August 29, 1917, a meeting of the executive committee of the City Council took place in Vladivostok, which decided to assume full power. Instead of the Social Revolutionary Mikhailov, the Bolshevik A.P. was elected chairman of the executive committee. Alyutin, and his comrades - K.A. Sukhanov and P.M. Nikiforov. On the same day, the executive committee published order No. 1 "To all citizens, government institutions," which prescribed unconditional obedience to its orders. At the request of the Bolsheviks, the Soviet organized the protection of the city, military cargo, and sent its commissars to the banks. In addition, P.M. Nikiforov headed the regional Council of Workers' Control, and his yesterday's colleague in cell No. 14 L.I. Prominsky was appointed chairman of the commission to combat banditry. Under his leadership, the Red Guards seized the banks and organized their activities in the way that interests demanded. True, the next day after the operation, foreign consuls protested to the Council of Workers' Control. But the Soviet gave an enlightening explanation: “The matter of introducing workers' control in all Russian commercial and industrial enterprises is the business of the 180 million Russian people. This is his will,” Nikiforov wrote in his book Notes of the Prime Minister of the Far East.

1918 was a difficult year for the young Soviet republic. German troops advanced inland. Foreign consuls interfered in the internal affairs of the Soviet Far East. Therefore, the Vladivostok Executive Committee took measures to preserve the revolutionary order in the city and its environs. On April 26, 1918, a revolutionary headquarters was established consisting of P. Nikiforov, K. Sukhanov, E. Khodanovich ... The headquarters headed the leadership of the military units of the garrison, the Siberian Flotilla and the Red Guard. The headquarters did a lot in the organizational design of the Red Guard detachments, and later the Red Army and Red Navy. It is no coincidence that the historian A.D. Samoilov considers Pyotr Mikhailovich "a prominent organizer of the Red Guard and the Red Army in the Far East."

At that time, domestic and foreign counter-revolution tried to starve out Soviet power in Primorye. Foreign ships stopped calling at the port of Vladivostok. Food products from Manchuria began to be exported through Dairen and Port Arthur. Only Japanese ships called at our ports for the Ussuri aspen chock for the match industry. This blockade caused downtime and unemployment for almost six thousand porters.

On March 16, 1918, a meeting was held in Beijing, in which Guchkov, Putilov, Kolchak, Japanese and Chinese generals took part. It adopted a plan for the occupation of the Far East and Siberia. According to this plan, the Ussuri railway should be captured by the United States, the Amur and Transbaikal to Irkutsk - by Japan. IN AND. Lenin seemed to foresee the course of events, he understood that not only the Far East, but also Siberia was a tasty morsel for the interventionists. In April 1918, he sent a directive to the Vladivostok Soviet: “It is necessary to telegraph to Irkutsk (for Vladivostok) by direct wire: We consider the situation very serious and warn comrades in the most categorical way. Have no illusions: the Japanese will advance. It's unavoidable. All allies without exception will help them. Therefore, you need to start preparing with all your might. More attention should be paid to the correct withdrawal, retreat, removal of supplies and railway materials. Prepare to undermine the rails, withdraw wagons and locomotives, prepare minefields near Irkutsk and in Transbaikalia .... "

In this situation, on February 18, 1920, the Central Committee of the RCP (b) and the Soviet government decided to temporarily refrain from the Sovietization of the Far East and form a buffer Far Eastern Republic (FER) on the territory from Baikal to the Pacific Ocean. At the same time, an order was given to stop the offensive of the Red Army beyond Baikal.

Speaking at the faction of the RCP (b) of the VIII All-Russian Congress of Soviets in December 1920, V.I. Lenin explained the reasons for the creation of the FER: “... Circumstances forced the creation of a buffer state - in the form of the Far Eastern Republic ... We cannot wage war with Japan and must do everything in order to try not only to postpone the war with Japan, but, if possible, do without it, because, according to understandable conditions, it is now unbearable for us.

And Dalburo, led by P.M. Nikiforov, showing incredible flexibility, sometimes making compromises, managed to defend Lenin's point of view. And soon Nikiforov met in Moscow with Vladimir Ilyich. Here is how he recalls this in an excerpt from the unfinished story One of the Twelve Meetings with Lenin.

“... At the end of 1920, our train departed from the platform of the Vladivostok railway station. Behind the customs warehouse opened a view of the Golden Horn Bay. As if soldered into the heavy winter water, the warships of Japan and the United States stood in the bay. There is not a soul on the embankments: it is windy, chilly, and there is no time for walking today. I went to Moscow. Report to Lenin. Fifteen years ago, we, six disguised sailors from the Polar Star, guarded Lenin unnoticed during his speech at the St. Petersburg Soviet of Workers' Deputies. And now I'll be with him again soon. Now in a new role. The report was in my briefcase. I didn't seem to miss a single significant detail. Naturally, the report will be replenished. I have to travel thousands of miles along the Great Siberian Highway ... "

On January 4, 1921, Nikiforov met with V.I. Lenin. At the plenum of the Central Committee, the question of the Far Eastern Republic was raised. By this time, Nikiforov had become chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Far East. He was one of those who were responsible for all the policies that they pursued in recent years in the Far East.

... Nikiforov entered the meeting room and saw a lot of people at a long table, and Lenin was at the head of the table. Nikiforov sat down right there, right at the entrance, but Lenin called him closer.

I was going to make a big report, Nikiforov recalled. - I wanted to tell Ilyich about everything. And prepared the abstracts of the report. Judging by them, I needed at least half an hour. And Lenin gave me only ten minutes. I even got a little lost. I think, what can I say in ten minutes? I collected my thoughts and said why in the current situation it is imperative to maintain a “buffer”. This is in the interests of Soviet Russia. After that, Lenin began to ask me questions and asked all the most important things from me with these questions.

At the plenum, the opposite point of view of the supporters of the abolition of the "buffer" was also heard. One of them, as a representative of the Far Bureau of the Central Committee, was present at the meeting.

What is your opinion on this matter? asked Vladimir Ilyich.

I am for Soviet power, - Velezhev minted.

Well, we are all for Soviet power, only Nikiforov is against it, ”Lenin threw him and suggested to the People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs G.V. Chicherin, member of the Central Committee E.A. Preobrazhensky to outline the program of economic and foreign policy of the Far East. A commission was created to prepare the directive of the Central Committee for the Far East, which included Nikiforov. The directive was developed and then approved by the Central Committee of the RCP(b).

Before leaving for the Far East, Nikiforov met with Lenin.

Well, - said Vladimir Ilyich, - everything has already been done, go back to the Far East, prove that the Bolsheviks can organize and lead a bourgeois-democratic republic. The main task is to prevent war with Japan. Keep in mind: we cannot give you soldiers, there is no money for you either, there is no bread, so make do with your own means. You will have to act not so much with weapons as with your head. Organize a republic, and we will not interfere with you and we will not allow anyone to interfere with you ...

***
Nikiforov spent two years as chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Far East. After the accession of the Far East to the RSFSR, he was recalled to Moscow. The Central Committee of the RCP (b) instructed him to manage the repository of state values. Then he was the plenipotentiary of the USSR in Mongolia, worked in the trade authorities, was the deputy people's commissar for supplies of the RSFSR. During World War II, he worked in the intelligence agencies.

About the revolutionary activity of P.M. Nikiforov is told by expositions of museums in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Kronstadt, Sevastopol, Vladivostok. For many years in the village of Khomutovo there was a school museum of local lore, which was headed by a wonderful teacher, local historian and enthusiast Semyon Nefediev. The exposition of the Khomutovsky Museum has collected more than 300 exhibits that tell about the interesting and vibrant life of our famous fellow countryman.

V.N. Anisimova

The fate of Nikiforov Petr Nikolaevich unexpectedly interested me, when studying the personal collections of Old Believers stored in the Department of Manuscripts of the RSL.

In the book “Manuscript collections of the State Library of the USSR named after V.I. Lenin, index, vol.1. issue 1 (1862-1917)”, M. 1983, we read:

Pyotr Nikolaevich Nikiforov (1869 - 1941) - Old Believer priest (dates of life are reported by his relatives). Born in the family of Nikolai Porfiryevich Nikiforov, a well-known collector of manuscripts and early printed books, who lived in the city of Gorbatov, Nizhny Novgorod Province.

Biographical information about P.N. are scarce, but to some extent they are restored from the notes on the manuscripts and the notes enclosed in them, from some letters and other documents.

In 1903-1910, P.N. Nikiforov was a priest at the Bogorodsko-Glukhovo factory in the city of Bogorodsk. From January 1, 1910, he took the place of a priest at the Old Believer Rogozhsky cemetery in Moscow “behind the death” of the priestly deacon I.V. Vlasov (GBL, F.246, 14.10; 185.12). Shortly thereafter, Pyotr Nikolayevich was elected a member of the "Commission for the Protection of Antiquities and Rarities of the Churches of the Rogozhsky Cemetery and for the Book Depository" (ibid., 19.7; 156.2).

In 1918, Nikiforov was already the rector of the churches of the Rogozhsky cemetery (Archive of the State Archives, op. 1, item 806, part 3, l. 9). From March 1933 he lived in the town of Kamyshin (link to his letter to G.P. Georgievsky, employee of the MPRM). He died in the Krasnoyarsk Territory.

In the card file of the OR there is such an entry: “F. 199 - Nikiforov, Petr Nikolaevich (1869-1947), Old Believer priest, honorary correspondent of the MPRM ”(Moscow Public Rumyantsev Museum. - V.A.).

Different dates of death are indicated, and according to relatives, Pyotr Nikolaevich Nikiforov died in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. This was enough to apply to the FSB for the Krasnoyarsk Territory.

I am quoting verbatim the answer I received.

Nikiforov Petr Nikolaevich, born in 1869, a native of Gorbatov, Gorky region, Russian, religious education, clergyman. On May 8, 1935, by a resolution of the Special Meeting of the NKVD of the USSR, he was exiled to the Krasnoyarsk Territory for a period of 5 years for counter-revolutionary agitation. Living in with. Motygino, Krasnoyarsk Territory, was arrested on March 24, 1938.

On charges of participating in a counter-revolutionary insurgent group, he carried out counter-revolutionary insurgent terrorist agitation. On the day of arrest - a widower, sons: Nikolai - 45 years old Alexander - 30 years old, Roman - 28 years old.

By the decree of the NKVD troika for the Krasnoyarsk Territory dated April 14, 1938, Nikiforov P.N. the death penalty was imposed - execution. The resolution was enforced on May 23, 1938 in the city of Yeniseisk, Krasnoyarsk Territory. Information about the place of burial is not available.

Resolution of the Presidium of the Krasnoyarsk Regional Court dated 11.04. In 1959, the decision of the troika of the UNKVD of the Krasnoyarsk Territory of April 14, 1938 was canceled and the case against Nikiforov P.N. The proceedings were terminated due to lack of evidence of the elements of the crime. Nikiforov P.N. - rehabilitated. You can request a certificate of rehabilitation from the Krasnoyarsk Regional Court (address is indicated).

There are no personal documents or photographs in the file. There are also no documents relating to the activities of P.N. Nikiforov in the Moscow Old Believer community of the Rogozhsky cemetery (in the application I was interested in this. - V.A.).

In response to the second request for clarification of some information on the materials of interrogations, additional information was received.

Nikiforov was involved in case no. P-10753(case of 1938).

The personal data indicate that by social origin he is the son of a commission agent - a Nizhny Novgorod merchant, had a spiritual education (it is not indicated when and which educational institution he graduated from), by profession - a clergyman. The column "religion" is missing (I was interested in whether there is information that Nikiforov was an Old Believer.- V.A.).

In the file for 1938, the place of residence of Nikiforov P.N. d 1935, but there is information that he was sent to the Krasnoyarsk Territory from Moscow. Lived in with. Motygino, Udegeisky district, Krasnoyarsk Territory, on the day of arrest - without certain activities.

By a letter from the Metropolis of the Russian Orthodox Church, I was allowed to familiarize myself with the Moscow file of 1935, P- 49209(GARF),

"On the accusation of Yavorsky Vasily Nikolaevich and others in the amount of 7 people in participation in the counter-revolutionary monarchist group." I provide brief information concerning P. N. Nikiforov.

He lived at the address: Vishnyaki village, Socialist street, house 5, on the 1st passage. At first he was involved in the case as a witness. He was NOT under arrest (a written undertaking not to leave was taken).

Nikiforov Petr Nikolaevich, born in 1869, town of Gorbatov, dispossessed, occupation Priest - Old Believer.

Social status: the son of a commission agent of the Nizhny Novgorod merchants (so written. - V.A.).

Social status: before the revolution - a priest.

After the revolution - a priest.

The composition of the family is lonely.

Self-education.

Didn't sue.

"How do you know Yavorsky?" “About 10 years old, is a good friend of mine. I live with him in the village. Cherries.

From the protocols of interrogation of P. N. Nikiforov, it is possible to restore some facts of his biography. He was forced to leave for the city of Kamyshin. “I received a passport for residence in Moscow by order of the regional prosecutor, before whom my relatives petitioned to return me from Kamyshin.”

In the course of the process Nikiforov P.N. was brought to trial as a defendant.

From the materials of the case.

• (l.137) of the indictment of May 29, 1935:
  "Yavorsky and the priest Nikiforov, being anti-Soviet, grouped around themselves ...".
• (l.155) Extract from the minutes of the Special Meeting under the People's Commissar of Internal Affairs of the USSR dated July 8, 1935
  RESOLVED Nikiforova P.N. for counter-revolutionary agitation exiled to the Krasnoyarsk Territory for a period of FIVE years. Calculate the period from the date of issuance of this decision.
  File the case.
• (l.185) Resolution of the Special Meeting ... dated June 8, 1935 to cancel and dismiss the case due to lack of evidence of the charges.
• (ll.186-188v) Decree of the Presidium of the Moscow City Court of November 11, 1957: Dismiss the case.
• (l.195) Please tell me the address of the place of residence gr. Nikiforov Petr Nikolaevich, born in 1869, a native of the Gorky Territory (request dated 11/29/57 - Ministry of Justice).
  On the back: according to the information of the Central Address Bureau in Moscow, DOES NOT LIVE.

And the last - information from the biography of P.N. Nikiforov from the materials of the OR RSL.

• Family list about the family of the Gorbatovsky tradesman Nikolai Porfiryev NIKIFOROV, compiled in 1877. Copy (F.806-2-6): Petr Nikolaevich Nikiforov - born by the police book December 16, 1869 Information about the brother of Peter Nikolaevich: Elezvoy- was born according to the police book October 15, 1871
  ... The seal of the headman of Gorbatovsky city.
  The metric of 1896 was issued on January 22 from the Gorbatov city public administration to the Gorbatov tradesman Nikolai Porfiryev NIKIFOROV, as a result of his request.
• Invitation tickets ( F.806 -2 - 34), printed, original text:
  Nikolai Porfiryevich and Efimiya Semyonovna NIKIFOROVA, on the day of the marriage of their son Pyotr Nikolaevich with the maiden Apollinaria Osipovna ANDREEVA, humbly ask you to come to the wedding table, which has to be, on July 22, 1891 at 7 o'clock in the evening, in the city of Gorbatov, in property. home
  Osip Ivanovich and Neonila Ivanovna Andreev, on the occasion of a conspiracy between their daughter Apollinaria Osipovna and Pyotr Nikolaevich Nikiforov, humbly ask you to come to the evening table this July 15, 1891 at 7 1/2 o'clock in the evening at Kamentsov's house, on Yeleninskaya street.
• A book for recording persons who lived in the house of the Moscow Old Believer community of the Rogozhsky cemetery at No. 1 on the Old Believer street of the Novoandronovsky section, 1915, 303 pp. (F.246-95-3), original text:
  Nikiforov Petr Nikolaevich, priest of Moscow. Old Believer Community of the Rogozhsky Cemetery, 45 years old, wife Apolinaria Iosifovna 41. Children: Lazar 18 years old, Tatyana 19 years old, Elizabeth 16 years old, Ramon 9, Olga 5, Ilorion 4, Alexandra 14, Lydia 12.
• Alphabet of the clergy and employees of the MSORK, 1915 (F.246 - 95 -7), original text:
  Nikiforov Petr Nikolaevich 45 Star. priest of the MSORK, (lives) since 1910
  Nikiforova Polinar. Osip. 42 old-timer's wife St., (lives) since 1910
  P.N. Nikiforovwas a priesttemples of the Rogozhsky cemetery from 1910 to 1938

Afterword

On the Internet there is different information about the repressions against Nikiforov Petr Nikolaevich, born in 1869. But nowhere is there any information that he was an ORTHODOX OLD-BELIEVER priest.

The most truthful ones are in the Martyrology of the Krasnoyarsk Territory:

NIKIFOROV Petr Nikolaevich Genus. in 1869 in the city of Gorbatov, Nizhny Novgorod province. Education - theological seminary. Priest, exiled in Motygino, Uderey district, KK. Arrested on March 23, 1938 in the case of Ufimtsev I.N. (16 people). Accusation in the KRA. Sentenced on 04/14/1938 by a troika of the UNKVD KK to VMN. Shot on May 25, 1938 in the city of Yeniseisk. Rehabilitated on April 11, 1959 by the Krasnoyarsk Regional Court (P-10753).

I think that the information from the report of Sirotinin V.S. "Communist terror in the Krasnoyarsk Territory" (Materials of the conference ... 1997), cannot but attract our attention. “Orthodox priests were exiled in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. So, in the Udegei (now Motyginsky) region they were exiled ... ”and then he names the names of eight priests. Among them is Nikiforov Petr Nikolaevich, born in 1869.

“These priests of a very respectable age (the youngest - 56 years old, the eldest - 69 (namely Nikiforov P.N. - V.A.)) were accused of creating an anti-Soviet organization. They shot everyone."

A thorough check of information from the Internet allows us to conclude that all eight priests were involved in the same case P-10753 and were shot on the same day - May 25, 1938.

We will be grateful to those who can provide additional information about the life of Fr. Peter Nikiforov, as well as the names of those persons who are depicted in the photographs.