How to make floors in a loggia. The wooden floor on the balcony is warm and easy to install. Insulation and waterproofing of the base

Increasingly, modern renovations are dominated by the desire to maximize space and its practicality, remove all corners, and minimize the amount of furniture and things. And effective solutions that find a place in any room of an apartment or private house help with this. For example, a balcony, which for more than half of people has always been an ordinary pantry. Today it becomes a full-fledged room - an office, a nursery, a relaxation area. But for such functionality of the balcony, high-quality repairs are required! It is worth considering all the components of putting the balcony in order. This includes insulation, glazing, and wall decoration. But very important point is gender. It is the materials for finishing the floor on the balcony that we will talk about today!

Why do you need to finish the floor on the balcony?

• Aesthetic component. A regular concrete floor on a balcony in an apartment, or a wooden floor on a balcony frame house or a log house is not the best solution at the moment when you decide to make repairs. The base should be put in order and combined with the main ideas of the interior;
• Alignment. On a few square meters of the balcony the slope is not felt, but in the vast majority of apartment balconies there is one, since the architecture of the buildings provides for the drainage of water. concrete platforms open balconies;
• Thermal insulation. The concrete floor is very cold, even in summer. And in winter, even slippers do not help protect your feet from the cold. Therefore, finishing the floor on the balcony in almost every case also includes its insulation;
• Ensuring the comfort of the room. If a balcony is turned into a living room by the hands of a master, then the floor in it is very important in terms of the ability to maintain the desired temperature. Making a warm floor on the balcony is not difficult!

Choosing material for finishing the balcony floor

When choosing finishing materials, the buyer should pay attention to many quality characteristics so as not to make a mistake, do not overpay!

• The durability of the material is a determining factor in the service life of different conditions. Cheap finishing materials last 3-5 years, average-cost ones that meet the requirements of the premises - about 8-10 years, expensive premium materials - more than 15 years before losing 20-30% of the original characteristics;
• Strength and reliability of the material. Regardless of the softness and hardness, size and method of laying the floor finish, the coating should not crack, sag, or fail;
• Safety. It is important that the floor materials are environmentally friendly and safe, preventing injuries;
• Resistance to external influences. This quality correlates with the durability of the material, but still the reference point is frost-resistant, moisture resistant materials with a neutral attitude towards temperature changes and UV radiation;
• And finally, aesthetic indicators. This is a purely personal choice, after checking that the tiles, planks or other finishing options meet the previous requirements!

Having roughly understood modern standards, the range and cost of finishing the floor for a balcony, you can begin to make a choice. But how to choose among dozens of types of finishes? First you need to study them as much as possible, and possibly compare them according to certain criteria!

Important restrictions on the choice of flooring on the balcony

• On open balconies, materials must be moisture and water resistant, coated with hydrophobic impregnations, paint and varnish materials;
• There is a mandatory weight limit. Any balcony provides them. That is why not standard cement-sand and leveling screeds are chosen for the floor, but dry screeds, logs, plastic and steel light systems. Naturally, the finishing materials themselves must comply with restrictions on total weight and load;
• Mandatory adherence to technology. It is important to adhere to all rules and regulations even on the balcony. Condensation formation, temperature conditions and other conditions can lead to the appearance of fungus and mold, their development and active life. Therefore, when sealing, thermal insulation and performing other work in the process of laying the floor, it is important to follow the basics - choose the right insulation, diffusion membranes, protect joints and corners from freezing and moisture.

Materials for the floor on the balcony: features and characteristics

Plywood, OSB board, chipboard and chipboard

Budget options for floor finishing. In this case, plywood, chipboard or OSB can be rough leveling platforms for further coating with decorative layers, or independent, with varnishing or painting.

Plywood and OSB are moisture-resistant, high-strength materials. For the floor, the thickness should be at least 18-22 mm with the appropriate pitch of the logs. laminated chipboard – more decorative material with lamination, protective coating, Chipboard is rather a temporary option, the most budget-friendly and short-lived, not resistant to moisture.

The best of these budget materials are considered to be plywood and OSB with mandatory coating alkyd varnishes or hard varnish in 3-4 layers. End finishing is also necessary, adding decorative thresholds to joints and transitions to prevent end delamination!

Carpet and carpeting for the floor on the balcony

Soft, beautiful and comfortable, but definitely not for an open balcony, where after several wetnesses from rain the coverings will simply begin to rot, emit a stench and become a breeding ground for mold underneath.

But for closed balconies and loggias the option is excellent. Simple installation, low cost of materials, a wide variety of external indicators and standard-size characteristics. Laying on a base made of OSB or plywood, the possibility of installing a heated floor.

You can use scraps, trade samples, and leftovers after renovations in any room of the house or apartment to finish the floor on the balcony.

Possible laying on adhesive bases or dry spreading and securing around the perimeter with a plinth!

Linoleum and vinyl tiles on the balcony floor

Linoleum is the most famous material, present in almost every apartment or house. Well, or was seen there before the last renovation.

Durable, durable, beautiful material, modern examples of which people without experience cannot even distinguish from tiled, stone or laminate floors. There is plenty to choose from, and there is a huge range of prices. But you just need to pay attention to the protective layer and base.

The protective layer assumes resistance to external influences, especially abrasion. A protective layer thickness of 0.3-0.5 mm is more than enough for a balcony. Modern linoleums practically do not fade in the sun and do not crack due to temperature changes. Working with flooring is very simple, you just need to keep the linoleum laid out on the floor and cut by 8-10 mm on each side for 24-36 hours until it independently levels out on the surface under its own weight. Next, additional cutting of the material by 5-6 mm from each wall is required, and pressing it with a plinth. Whether or not to glue linoleum to the base is up to you.

You can find among all types of this flooring material that is almost eternal for a balcony or loggia. This is homogeneous or heterogeneous linoleum, which is also called sports. Its structure implies not only increased wear resistance, but also easy repairability of damage to the coating!

Vinyl tiles are a more rigid and better protected material than linoleum, but only under the mandatory condition of considering coatings of the same class.

Vinyl tile is a material with a multilayer structure, reinforced and hardened. The service life is limited only to a threshold of 15-20 years, depending on operating conditions. It differs from linoleum in more interesting interpretations in installation, the creation of patterns, the ability to stretch the work over several days, installation in parts, since it is not roll material, but in piece format.

Vinyl tiles must be glued to the base. In general, the material is not bad, but it is one and a half times more expensive than linoleum!

Good modern material floor finishing, decorative, original, easy to use, compatible with any floor heating system, quite durable and reliable, but with only one significant drawback - fear of moisture! Even moisture-resistant laminate, which is praised by manufacturers and due to this costs several times more than standard 32nd and 33rd classes, is afraid of moisture. No, if only a glass of water is spilled and it is cleaned up within the next few minutes, nothing will happen to the coating. But longer-term contact with moisture will affect the design of the locks, the basis of the finishing material!

Laminate is not suitable for open balconies, where it is possible to get wet from precipitation, and also requires high-quality surface preparation and installation of a subfloor.

Overall, a good option for an enclosed balcony. In cost, it can be identical to linoleum!

Edged board on the balcony

Additional budget material for installing a subfloor, it also becomes decorative. High-quality drying of the board, its painting and protection from moisture with paints and varnishes with pre-treatment with antiseptic protection, bring the board floor to a unique nice view. There is an option artificial aging boards, firing with a hair dryer or open fire, or a blowtorch. A decorative look is also achieved with the help of translucent impregnations on water based. But varnishing, in this case, is simply mandatory. Moreover, in 3-4 layers and preferably with yacht varnish, the smell of which disappears for an extremely long time, but the protective material increases the durability of the wooden floor even on an open balcony up to 20-25 years, with additional treatment every 4-6 years!

It is definitely worth considering a special tongue and groove floor board. This is a more expensive finishing material, but it is immediately ready for the process of forming the floor surface. Unfortunately, the requirements for additional protection of wood do not disappear anywhere!

Parquet and parquet boards for the floor on the balcony

Expensive! Quite expensive, but if the budget allocated for work in the house allows you to purchase several square meters parquet or parquet boards, you can assume that you are getting the best material.

Unfortunately, this does not apply so much specifically to parquet boards, which, albeit natural, are a material for the synthesis of successive layers of wood of different densities, substrates made of fiberboards and materials for protecting the decorative layer. Beautiful, even extremely decorative, strong and durable, but this coating is of little use for restoration, especially considering modern quality materials and the influence of the marketing basis of the business on it. You can buy parquet boards of fairly mediocre quality for an expensive price. Therefore, it is important to consult with specialists in advance in order to make right choice. If this works out, the material with a service life of 12-15 years will look great on a closed balcony. True, laying it will require careful preparation of the base, for example, with plywood or OSB!

Solid parquet is perhaps the most natural material, having all the necessary characteristics and features good coverage flooring not only for balconies, but primarily for residential premises.

Parquet is selected from hard wood - ash, oak, birch, maple. But there are several dozen options, not only in wood species, but also in standard sizes.

Laying parquet is quite complicated, but it’s really quality material, which after subsequent processing becomes an almost eternal material! Sanding, sanding, puttying, painting and varnishing are processes by which parquet can be completely renewed at any time. Parquet is not suitable for open balconies and loggias. It is advisable to choose it for warm and dry rooms!

Parquet is quite expensive, especially when choosing exotic wood species!

Tiles and porcelain tiles for finishing the floor on the balcony

A strong and reliable floor, extremely durable and easiest to maintain, hassle-free maintenance and is not afraid of moisture, frost, or abrasion.

The floor is quite cold and hard, which is its disadvantages, but it can easily be covered with paths and rugs, and, if necessary, laid on a warm floor.

Installation of ceramic tiles or porcelain stoneware is possible today on any surface. Specially designed for this adhesive compositions, priming and reinforcement systems, and other materials and add-ons for installing tiles on concrete, wood, and other surfaces. Just don’t forget about the restrictions on the weight of the finishing material, and under no circumstances should you pour screed on the balcony without preliminary calculations. If there is an extreme need for floor screed, it is better to use a light dry screed using the Knauf system or other technologies!

There are practically no restrictions on the service life of porcelain stoneware and tiles. There are only a few options for replacing such a floor in the near future - you will drop a heavy object on it and crack the tiles (then you can use the option partial repair, replacing one tile), or you will get tired of the look of the floor!

There are really many options for finishing the floor, because you can use not only strictly appropriate materials for a given room, but also others that are at hand. It has been repeatedly observed how craftsmen choose terrace boards, broken tiles for the balcony, make a collection from the remains of tiles, laying out fancy designs, create a self-leveling floor, a 3D floor with original patterns under a polymer layer, lay out the floor on the balcony with mosaics, natural or artificial stone, cover warm and very comfortable cork covering, and also simply cover the concrete slab with two-component polyurethane varnishes to protect it from moisture and other external influences. But they remain more in demand budget options with an organic combination of the qualities of strength, durability, simplified systematic maintenance, as well as appearance - these are linoleum, wooden boards, slab materials or carpets. A little less often - laminate and parquet board. The most rare are stone, tiles and parquet. The choice is yours... the guidelines have already been set!

Do you want to make your own balcony floor? It's not difficult. A beautifully furnished and comfortable apartment is great, but when you spend a lot of time looking for your own slippers, without which it is simply impossible to get onto the balcony, since dust and dirt from it enter the room every time, the feeling of comfort is replaced by irritation. And the cold and wind force you to dress warmly and be prepared for all the vicissitudes of the weather outside the window.

But when you open the door of a balcony or loggia, you really want to “not go out” of the apartment onto the street and just find yourself in a small extension of the apartment or your own house.

Everyone who is familiar with this “balcony problem” is wondering how to make a floor on the balcony with your own hands?

Getting started

So, before starting work, it is necessary to empty the loggia or balcony of things that have been stored in this room for years.

Now it is important to decide what functions the room will perform, whether it will floor on open balcony or on closed, how much funds will be allocated for the work.

If you have a limited budget, it is recommended to stick to ordinary concrete, linoleum, and tiles. It is worth noting that ceramic tiles on the floor on the balcony look very impressive if they laid on a level surface.

Step-by-step preparation of the subfloor

1. Experts advise first of all to evaluate the evenness of the base. To do this, arm yourself with a special level. The second way is to pour some water on the floor and see if any puddles appear. If there are puddles, we can conclude that the liquid flows in one direction, which means you should think about how to level the floor on the balcony
2. It is customary to start installing the floor on a loggia or balcony with a high-quality screed. To apply the screed you need to have several beacons at your disposal - metal strips with a special reinforced profile. The lighthouses need to be divided into several segments according to the width of the balcony room and placed across the base approximately sixty centimeters apart. You can level the beacons using a level, as well as placing pieces of hardboard under them
3. Floor screed on the balcony open type should have a slight slope from the wall of the house. The beacons are aligned first individually and then according to the length of the balcony room. Do not rush to take measurements, do everything as carefully as possible, securing each beacon with high quality
4. Next, using cement mortar and a trowel, you should fill in the places where pieces of hardboard were placed for leveling and the remaining parts of the beacons
5. The hardening process of the mixture will take about two hours, but be careful, nothing can be done on the balcony during this period of time
6. Need to clean the next day top part floor surfaces from beacons, as well as excess cement mortar
7. To frame the balcony slab, you will need three metal corners, which are secured to the finished screed.
8. Self-leveling floor on the balcony implies the creation wooden structure from the beams necessary to hold the solution. The beams are fixed along the outside of the railing at the very base, and the gaps between them and the floor are sealed. At the end of the work, a specific formwork is formed that must be removed

How to make a floor screed

1. Installing a floor on a balcony requires two bags of dry mixture required for pouring. When kneading the mixture, it is important to achieve a result resembling the consistency semolina porridge
2. Approximately 3 kilograms of pure cement are added to 1 bag of specialized mixture. The base is pre-primed using a deep penetration primer
3. The finished solution must be poured out and leveled with a trowel. The mixture is smoothed out, usually with small movements made directly along the edges of the beacons towards the edge of the wall. By pressing the rule tighter, you will achieve a perfectly flat surface.
4. It will take several days to dry the screed. Carefully remove the formwork, correct any defects with a steep mortar along the edges of the screed
5. All subsequent steps strictly depend on the decision, how to cover the floor on a balcony or loggia. For a concrete floor covering, only a light surface screed followed by attachment will be sufficient. metal corners along the perimeter

How to raise the floor on the balcony and insulate it

In the process of raising the floor on the balcony, you get unused space, which can be used with great benefit.

Please note: your balcony will become much warmer if you decide to make a warm floor on the balcony using special insulation.

You will need:

• Plywood (20 mm chipboard or OSB)
• Drill or screwdriver
• Polystyrene foam or penofol as insulation
• Wooden beam (40 x 40 or 30 x 40 mm)
• Pencil, tape measure and bubble level
• Manual circular saw, electric jigsaw or grinder with disc, hammer drill, hacksaw
• Black screws for wood (65 mm), dowel (80 mm)

Insulating the floor on the balcony and its preliminary lifting is possible without the help of specialists.

We prepare the floor and materials for installation

If you are going to make the floor on the balcony with your own hands, you should start with preparation. This will not take much time, because all you need is to treat the floor with an ordinary primer for concrete (in case concrete covering), and the timber is antiseptic. Thanks to this measure, various living creatures will not grow in the floor, and it will not become moldy over time. After completely dry surface, you can begin the main work.

Installation and insulation of floors

• Using a hammer drill and quick installation the rough timber is attached across the balcony
• Next, the width of the balcony room is measured (in Khrushchev buildings it is usually equals 105 cm), and the timber is cut one centimeter smaller so that its installation can be done without difficulty. Stow wooden products on the floor in increments of approximately 40 cm, then you need to “drill” them through to the floor and secure them with dowels (in three places)
• Be careful, the deeper the dowels are in the concrete, the stronger the beam will hold in the future. That is why it is advisable to use dowels 80 mm long
• For subsequent insulation of the floor, foam plastic, the thickness of which is 30 mm, is placed in the cells between the floor and the timber. Lay the foam tightly, avoiding the formation of cracks. You need to roll out a layer of penofol on top, cut it to length and lay it up with foil
• A longitudinal beam should be screwed to the lower beam (screwed tightly) through penofol. It is recommended to start from the wall when laying products every 25 cm. To begin with, just screw it on, then the height will be leveled
• Using a bubble level, you need to find the highest point of the floor, from which you will have to push off in the future. In places where the floor needs to be raised, unscrew the screws already screwed in and place plywood or wooden pieces of the required thickness
• With the level in hand, follow from highest point and check along the way along and across each self-tapping screw that was screwed earlier. If necessary, you will need to unscrew them and place planks. Upon completion, you can re-lay the layer of penofol and polystyrene foam
• Experts advise that after laying the insulation and raising the floor, do it on the walls of the balcony (right in the middle of the beam) marks on both sides

Waterproofing the floor on the balcony

1. Sealing seams
2. Cleaning the floor covering and wetting it with water
3. Treatment with penetrating waterproofing agent
4. Thorough drying
5. Wetting and re-treatment with penetrating mixture

Advice: to ensure very reliable floor protection, waterproofing is carried out on top of the penetrating sealant using polystyrene foam and foil insulation.

Only after high-quality waterproofing can you begin finishing the floor on the balcony.

Laying wooden flooring on the balcony

The most profitable solution for a balcony floor is chipboard, plywood or OSB. Since chipboard material has low moisture resistance and ecological cleanliness, it is recommended to go with plywood or OSB.

Using a grinder with a wood disc or any other tool that is comfortable for you, you need to cut a piece from the selected material, the width of which is one centimeter less than the width of the balcony, and lay it directly on the logs. You can lay the flooring material and then screw it in place, or you can screw it in right away. To see where you need to screw in the screws, you should connect the marks made in advance on the balcony walls.

At the end of the work, you can cover the floor on the balcony with linoleum or put a backing and begin installing the laminate.

Floor on the balcony photo

Below are photographs on the topic of the article “Do-it-yourself balcony floor: instructions and installation.” To open the photo gallery, just click on the image thumbnail.

DIY balcony floor video

We also invite you to watch the video on the topic of our article. The video shows in detail the entire process of laying heated floors on a balcony or loggia.

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Discuss the article

To the post “Do-it-yourself balcony floor: instructions and installation” 8 comments

The floor on the balcony is quite simple to make. It is only necessary to make the necessary layers of waterproofing and vapor barrier for the floor. Also, it is advisable to lay a new floor together with insulation. It is advisable to use mineral wool or regular foam as insulation. It’s just that if insulation is needed later, you will have to dismantle the entire new floor.

Last summer, my husband and I only managed to make a screed on the balcony, then they installed it for us plastic windows and panels. After these repair work we just threw a piece of linoleum on the floor and left everything for a year. Now we need to complete the repairs on the balcony, so the action plan and recommendations outlined in the article will be very useful. We are going to make the floor out of plywood, and then lay good linoleum. It seems that everything is clear and simple, the main thing is to start!

I would like to ask the author, because after reading the article there is some kind of ambivalence left, or how should I put it, at first two branches are given: open and indoor balconies and then there is a story about ways to insulate and cover the floor on the balcony. I think, by and large, laying the floor on an open balcony is a waste of time and money. It won’t add any comfort, and it will break down very quickly.

You can arrange the floor on the balcony with your own hands in various ways and materials. The choice depends on the skill, financial capabilities and taste preferences of the property owners. Before deciding what to make the floor on the balcony from, you need to decide on the purpose of this room and the conditions in which it will be used.

Options for using a glazed balcony.

The determining factor in deciding what to cover the floor on the balcony with is the presence or absence of glazing. There are virtually no restrictions.

Views of an open balcony.

If the floor is very crooked and you need to raise it higher, then you can use brackets and corners. Video below.

The covering for their arrangement is chosen as for ordinary residential and auxiliary rooms in an apartment. However, when there is a fire escape hatch in the floor, the finishing material must be laid taking into account this nuance. The floor on an open balcony is exposed to factors such as moisture, solar radiation and significant temperature changes. Based on this, the covering for an open space must be selected thoughtfully and carefully, taking into account all possible restrictions. Let's look at how to make a floor on a balcony with your own hands, without resorting to the services of hired workers.

The subfloor can be leveled using wedges. Video below.

Finishing the balcony floor with linoleum

When choosing a covering for arranging a balcony, many people opt for linoleum. This material is affordable and versatile. color solutions. Linoleum on the balcony looks good and presentable, not inferior to ceramics and laminate. It is so easy and simple to work with it that even a person who is far from the construction and repair business can lay it. Another important factor in favor of linoleum is that it can be laid on any curved surface. You need to buy linoleum for a balcony in such a way as to avoid additional work on thermal insulation. It is better to take material with a warm backing. The insulated material absorbs the cold coming from the concrete slab.

In order to properly lay linoleum, you will need the following devices:

• roulette;
• marker;
• glue;
• scissors;
• stationery knife;
• scotch.

It is advisable to buy material of such width as to cover the floors with one continuous strip. This will avoid the process of making joints. After purchasing the roll, you need to roll it out and leave it for a day. This will prevent wrinkles from appearing after installation.

Floors should be covered with linoleum as follows:

1. Clean the stove from debris and dust. Knock down the fragments protruding from it. Close up cement mortar large potholes and holes. After the solution has hardened, treat the subfloor with a liquid primer.
2. Take measurements. It is necessary to measure not only the length and width of the load-bearing slab, but also its diagonals.
3. Transfer measurement data to linoleum. If necessary, immediately cut off the excess to make work easier.
4. Place the workpiece on the stove. Make a precise adjustment using a knife and scissors. Glue one end of the covering to the slab.
5. Roll the linoleum into a roll to the gluing area. Apply glue to its back surface and glue the material over the entire area.
6. Seal the coating around the perimeter. Duplicate the connection with tape, placing it on the walls.
7. Where the hatch is located, make slits that are covered with a decorative threshold made of metal or plastic.

Linoleum on the floor.

Good linoleum can last for several decades if it is treated carefully and with care.

Balcony finishing with ceramic tiles

As a rule, this is how a loggia is arranged. Its floor plate has a secure support on 3 sides. For a balcony, you need to choose the thinnest and lightest tiles so as not to provoke deformation of the supporting slab. Laying a tiled floor on a balcony with your own hands requires certain construction skills, care and patience. But the end result is worth it. If you decide which floor is best for the balcony, then you can’t think of a more practical solution than ceramic tiles. With its help you can create your own unique pattern on the floor. It's durable and durable material, resistant to the influence of all external factors. In order not to burden the structure, leveling the slab on the balcony under the tiles must be done with light gypsum mixtures with the addition of expanded clay. This technique will allow you to immediately resolve the issue of how to insulate the floor on the balcony.

To work you will need:

• level;
• Bulgarian;
• roulette;
• hammer drill with mixer;
• steel and rubber spatulas;
• tile adhesive;
• grout for seams;
• plastic crosses;
• liquid primer.

Before laying the floor on the balcony, it is necessary to glaze it, if provided for by the project. The relevance of this event is determined by the fact that the installation of the floor on the balcony involves sealing the junction of the plastic sections and the slab. This is exactly the task that the glue and tiles placed on the screed will accomplish.

The work is carried out in the following sequence:

1. The screed is being installed. Its height is determined by the degree of inclination of the supporting slab. After hardening, the surface is treated with a liquid primer.
2. Stacked floor tiles. Correct operation is controlled using a level and plastic crosses. The correction is performed with a mallet. The edge tiles are cut off.
3. Conducted final finishing floor on the balcony by grouting the joints. Already 2 hours after the end of this process, the tile coating is ready for use.

Floor finishing with tiles.

The heating issue can be solved by installing an electric heating system under the tiles.

Using decking boards

Terrace boards on the balcony are used in cases where this room does not have glazing. The main enemy in this situation for the flooring is snow and water, which will accumulate on its surface. Decking consists of polymer plastic with the addition of wood flour and dyes. This material is absolutely insensitive to moisture, ultraviolet radiation and temperature changes. It can be used to disguise the fire hatch and defects in the load-bearing slab.

In order to make decking from decking boards, you will need:

• perforator;
• level;
• roulette;
• hacksaw for metal;
• Bulgarian;
• profile pipe.

Complete with terrace board coming special fasteners, which makes installation easy and simple.

The decking should be laid as follows:

1. Assemble the frame from a profile board. It should be noted that the flooring made must have a slight slope for water drainage.
2. Take measurements and cut the pieces to the required length. Treat their edges to remove irregularities and burrs.
3. Attach the clamps to the frame. To do this, it is better to use stainless steel screws for metal so that you can easily dismantle the laid floor.

Terrace board.

The base slab needs to be cleaned periodically, as dampness and all kinds of debris will accumulate under it. To prevent the formation of mold, it is advisable to treat the reinforced concrete slab with an antiseptic.

Arrangement of balconies with carpet

For obvious reasons, this finish can only be used for balcony floors closed type where protection from snow and rain is guaranteed. Carpet on a balcony can be used as a temporary or permanent covering. In the first case, it spreads directly onto the concrete slab without rigid fixation to the base. When the material is laid down with the expectation of long-term use, a subfloor is installed on the plywood balcony. This must be done in order to protect the material from the dampness and cold of the concrete slab.

In order to complete this work, you will need the following materials and equipment:

• hacksaw;
• screwdriver;
• roulette;
• building level;
• stapler;
• hammer;
• glue;
• timber according to your sizes;
• drying oil;
• antiseptic;
• primer;
• expanded clay;
• scotch.

The work can be carried out at any time of the year. Knowing how to properly make a carpet floor, you can complete it within 1 day.

Finishing is carried out in the following sequence:

1. The concrete slab is treated with an antiseptic and a deep penetration primer. The level of its slope is checked, measurements are taken of the length and width.
2. The frame is made from timber. Its horizontal position is verified using supports and slats. Fine expanded clay is poured into the cavity of the frame. It will play the role of a heat insulator and humidity level regulator.
3. Fixed on top of the timber frame membrane film. Its fastening is done with a stapler.
4. Blanks are cut from sheets of thick plywood. They are attached to the frame. To do this, it is better to use wood screws. The joints between the plates are sealed with sealant and taped.
5. The carpet is adjusted to size and laid on the prepared base. Its fastening is carried out using glue or staples. At the same time, in order to avoid wrinkles, the carpet must be fixed over its entire area.

Floor finishing with carpet.

In some cases, the floor on the balcony is made of chipboard as a base for carpeting. This material has low thermal conductivity and quite well retains the cold that comes from reinforced concrete slab. Chipboard has a fairly large margin of strength to be laid even without a frame. You can create an additional layer of thermal insulation using foam boards laid on the floor. But first you need to level it with cement mortar. In this case, laminated chipboard can be used as a finishing coating, which is used for making furniture. For these purposes, doors and tabletops are used from cabinet furniture that has served its purpose, or custom-made products.

You can lay anything on a well-prepared subfloor.

Major finishing of a balcony often involves the need to raise the floor. Most often, during construction, the balcony base ends up below the level of the rooms in the apartment, and the resulting threshold interferes with movement between rooms. Of course, going out onto a balcony or loggia is much more convenient on a flat surface than jumping over ledges or thresholds and tripping over them. But not everyone knows how to raise the floor on a balcony. Let's see how this can be done.

The balcony and loggia are undoubtedly part of the apartment, and therefore require good and quality repairs. Not only the fences of this place are subject to finishing, but also the rough foundations, which are often represented by cold concrete slabs. By the way, this type of base, if the balcony is open, is constantly subjected to tests from atmospheric phenomena. Usually, to protect the floors, the balcony is glazed, but the base still remains cold. And in the process of raising the floor, it can be thoroughly insulated. And, by eliminating the difference in floor levels between residential premises and those located on the street, it is possible to protect residents from falls, which could result in injury.

Also, raising the level of the balcony floor is sometimes necessary to level the rough foundation. After all, in the case of him finishing Sometimes materials are used that are quite demanding regarding the evenness of the sheathed surfaces.

In general, raising the floor level on a balcony is not so difficult, and therefore you can cope with the task yourself, without the involvement of craftsmen. In this case, you can also save a lot cash, which may be useful for purchasing various materials for finishing.

Note! The average height of the floor on the balcony is about 10-12 cm. Thus, under the final floor there will be a niche sufficient for laying insulation.

4 ways to raise the floor on the balcony

You can raise the floors on a loggia or balcony using different methods. They all differ in the methods of creation, the materials used, as well as the speed and specificity of the work. Among them there are those that place a significant burden on concrete slabs and cannot be used in the case of unreliable structures, but there are those that are suitable for use in any case. Let's look at 4 main ways to change floor levels.

Note! If the loggia or balcony will be a separate room, then a small – up to 5 cm – height difference between the floor in them and the rooms is allowed. If the balcony is a continuation of the room, then there should be no differences.

Cement screed

A screed based on sand and cement is highly durable, reliable, and if it is poured according to all the rules, it turns out very smooth and ready for laying any type of finishing coating.

Note! When settling in cement screed you can think about organizing additional system underfloor heating on the balcony. We are talking about using heated floors. They will not cause any harm to this type of screed, but will allow you to stand on the balcony in comfort - your feet will not freeze even in winter.

The main disadvantage is its considerable weight. All components included in the mixture used are quite heavy and the screed will have a strong impact on the base of the floor. Thus, it cannot be used in all cases, especially if we are talking about a significant thickness in the case of a large difference between the floor level and its desired height. Cement screed can only be used when there is confidence that the floor will definitely support the mass cement mixture or if the screed layer is small. In general, the thickness of the screed should not be more than 10 cm; if you need to raise the floors to a greater height, it is recommended to choose another method.

Attention! Pouring cement screed can only be done in the warm season. It cannot be equipped in winter due to low temperatures– remember that the mixture contains water.

Another feature of the screed is that it takes a long time to dry - walking on such a floor and carrying out further work is only possible 28 days after the screed has been installed.

Screed with expanded clay

This is a dry version of the screed that does not require long drying. Using this method, floors can be leveled and raised quite quickly. The basis in this case is expanded clay, which is poured onto the waterproofing layer. Sheets of any leveling material are laid on top of it. This can be plasterboard, gypsum fiber, plywood, chipboard and other materials. The sheets are fixed together at the required floor level, resting on a layer of expanded clay.

The advantage of such a screed is its ease of installation, lightness (can be used for floors of any strength), speed of work - you don’t have to wait until the screed sets and dries to continue other finishing work. This option is also suitable if you need to raise the floors to a significant height - up to 20 cm.

To fill the base, it is recommended to use small or medium expanded clay; large clay is undesirable. Sometimes this material can be replaced by fine-grained slag. Before laying the top leveling layer, it is recommended to compact it well. bulk material so that it does not shrink.

Note! If expanded clay is used as a filling material, then there is no need to lay an additional layer of insulation, since this material itself is capable of retaining heat in the room.

Happy owners of a loggia often think about how to turn this additional room in the apartment into a cozy corner for a comfortable pastime at any time of the year. The easiest task in renovating a loggia is installing the floor. In order to save money, you can carry out the process yourself. What should the floor on the loggia be like? When starting work, you should rely on several criteria:

1. Resistant to temperature changes.
2. Warm and pleasant surface for feet.
3. Ease of use.
4. Lightness of materials used for installation.

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Preliminary work

Before considering flooring options, you need to prepare the floor for finishing. This procedure involves the following steps:

1. We remove old screed, paint, linoleum, tiles, as well as unnecessary things from the loggia.
2. We eliminate pockets of dampness or rotting.
3. We plug the cracks through which rain and snow seep.
4. Spray with a construction preparation against fungi.

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Sequence of operations

1. Waterproofing. The surface is lined with a special film or covered with waterproof plaster.
2. Thermal insulation. Mineral wool, penoplex, polystyrene foam, that is, any materials with a low thermal conductivity coefficient, are suitable here.
3. Leveling the surface. If there are small defects, it is customary to use a self-leveling mixture. Large defects can be leveled out using a screed, or logs, which are cross beams made of wood, can be installed under the wooden flooring. hard rocks tree. As a rule, the floor level of the living area and the loggia are different, therefore, with the help of logs, we raise the floor on the loggia to the required level. In addition, if there is a need to raise the floor by 20 cm, a layer of expanded clay will allow this to be done.
4. Primer. This product increases the strength of the base and promotes better bonding with it. floor covering. For wood surfaces, it is customary to use an alkyd or polystyrene primer; the concrete base is treated with an epoxy variety, applying it two or three times.

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Finish options

Painting

The most basic technique, appropriate for any type of loggia. It is best to buy paint whose main component is acrylic, polyurethane or epoxy. This option is characterized by resistance to atmospheric influences. To prevent paint from getting on the walls, you should use masking tape.

Tree

First of all, we form a frame from the beams that resembles a box and additionally strengthen one beam in the middle of the structure. Provide long term The service of the floor will be helped by covering its surface with varnish. The next step is to sew the beams together using self-tapping screws and corners, and then use dowel-nails to attach the frame to concrete base. Then we lay boards perpendicular to the joists and fix them.

If the wood is of low quality, it should be treated and covered with linoleum. Due to the fact that the tree is light, it can be used to decorate not only a loggia, but also a semi-loggia.

Ceramic tiles

To avoid injury the best option will lay tiles with a rough surface. To complete this work, you must stock up on the following materials:

1. Ceramic tiles.
2. Construction level.
3. Tile cutter.
4. Mortar: cement or adhesive.
5. Cross-shaped beacons.

It is better to lay out the tiles from the door or from the corner from which you can only see the entire finishing details. Using a spatula, distribute the solution over inside subfloor and back tile surface. The distance from one tile to another must be the same, to achieve this, we install cross-shaped beacons. We lay the tiles according to the building level. Having completed the procedure, it is necessary to hide the seams under a layer of putty.

Porcelain tiles

This type of coating is characterized by durability and strength, resistance to abrasion and scratches, and is not afraid of changes in temperature and humidity. In addition, the color palette of the material is very wide, this gives limitless possibilities designers.

Cork floor

It has become widespread these days. There are several varieties of it:

• Technical traffic jam. Most often it plays the role of a substrate for another type of coating, insulates and insulates. It is produced in rolls or plates, much less often in granules. They can be used to fill holes in the floor or gaps between coverings.
• Adhesive. Is a tile rectangular shape, decorated on top with decorative veneer, which is coated with polymer. Its color can be either natural or imitating marble or granite.
• Floating. It has the same structure as the previous version, but differs from it in the installation method: like in a puzzle, the plates are connected to each other by grooves, without glue.

Self-leveling floor 3D

Properties of this floor:

1. Not afraid of scratches.
2. Resistance to moisture.
3. Strength.
4. Aesthetics.
5. Practicality.
6. Durability.
7. It's easy to care for.

It’s easy to make such a floor with your own hands. First you need to fill the floor liquid base light or neutral color. Then apply paint using a roller. After this, apply a second layer of paint, it can be in other colors. And finally paste on a drawing purchased in the store.

Linoleum

However, it is worth remembering that linoleum is vulnerable to mechanical stress (for example, pressure from heavy objects) and is deformed if laid on uneven surface. To lay linoleum yourself, you need several tools:

1. Hammer.
2. Nails.

First of all, unroll the material and straighten it thoroughly. When installing, the coating should be leveled to avoid defects and bumps. Fix the linoleum to the surface using conventional or liquid nails. Having completed the process, you need to secure the coating with a baseboard of a suitable color.

Laminate

It is a widespread, environmentally friendly material at an affordable price. By appearance resembles parquet and has a number of useful properties:

1. Serves for many years.
2. Strength.
3. Practicality.
4. Easy to install.
5. Nice appearance.

On the eve of installation, the coating, as usual, is allowed to sit in warm room about two days.

For installation you will need a number of tools:

1. Hammer.
2. Saw.
3. Roulette.
4. Clamp.
5. Square.
6. Wedges.
7. Pencil.
8. A block of wood.

It is customary to lay laminate flooring only on a perfectly flat surface. Secure the wedges to the wall and threshold. Start the procedure from the side opposite the door. Installation can be done diagonally, lengthwise or crosswise. For greater reliability, move each new row at least forty centimeters.

Between the material and the wall it is necessary to provide space for the plinth; this distance should be approximately ten millimeters. Next, you need to connect the laminate plates together using the locks that each covering element is equipped with.

There are three types of locks:

• Connection using the "constructor" method. Raise the finished row of laminate and attach another piece to it. The resulting strips of plates are fastened together.
• Connection using the "tamping" method. The elements are fixed along the length, after which they need to be tapped in order to be connected along the width.
• The connection is made through a plastic insert; it secures the plate across its width.

Parquet

Appeared earlier than laminate and has similar technical properties. This coating must certainly have a protective layer (paint or varnish). Installation of parquet flooring must be carried out at a temperature of at least 18 degrees. On the eve of the process, the coating must be unpacked and left to rest for a long time, at least a week.