Multi-colored roofs of houses. Roofs of private houses (64 photos): how to make the right choice. Roof options for one-story houses and their device
During the construction of a house, such an important detail of the entire structure as the roof is of great importance for the aesthetic perception of the building and protection from unpleasant weather conditions. A variety of types of roofs, depending on the form factor, type, dimensions, as well as design features, require appropriate building materials and complex calculations of loads on various elements of the roof structure.
To answer the question, what are the forms of the roof, consider some of them. Depending on the angle of inclination, roofs are distinguished into two main categories:
Flat roof
Flat roofs - the angle of inclination for such roofs is usually 2 - 3 degrees, if we correlate this angle with the horizon. The use of such roofs in the construction of private houses can be found very rarely. This is due to the fact that maintenance of roofs of this form becomes problematic. During rainy periods, water stagnates on the roof, and in the winter season, the accumulated snow will need to be removed independently.
Apparently, due to these reasons, these types of roofs in private construction are not widespread, although they may have some positive aspects. When erecting this type of roof, you can significantly save on building materials, and use the resulting additional area to good use by arranging a recreation area for your loved ones and guests or a small beautiful garden.
pitched roof Pitched roofs - these types of roofs are very practical to use, usually the angle of inclination for such roofs can start from 10 degrees or more. In the winter season and during rainy seasons, precipitation does not accumulate on it, snow or rainwater calmly leaves along the slopes through the drainage systems. It is for this reason that the use of pitched roofs has gained such popularity in private construction.
What are the roofs of houses with pitched surfaces? To answer this question, consider some types of roofing of this type:
- lean-to;
- steep gable;
- gentle gable;
- broken (attic) gable;
- half-hip four-slope;
- tent four-slope;
- hip four-slope.
One of the most convenient in construction are shed roofs, in which the slope is no more than 4 - 6 degrees. Such roofs are mainly erected in garages, sheds and other outbuildings. It is quite easy to install shed roofs, but they are still rarely found in suburban or summer cottage construction of residential buildings, mainly this type of roof is used for outbuildings.
If it becomes necessary to use an attic space, then a mansard roof is built, which can be gable and have broken lines of the roof contour. The hip roof is very practical to use; these types of roofs cope well with various types of loads, including wind ones. But this type of roof is not as easy to install as the previous ones. Much more building materials are spent on its construction and a competent team of professionals is required so that everything is done very accurately and correctly. Next, we will take a closer look at the different types and designs of roofs.
When choosing a roof and its type, all factors must be taken into account. Don't just look at life characteristics or other practical considerations, but also consider what look and shape your roof will have in terms of aesthetics and artistic value.
For example, a mansard roof not only looks aesthetically beautiful due to its broken shape, but it is also very practical to use. If there is a heavy snowfall, then the snow masses will not linger on such a roof.
What are the types of roofs? Let's look at them in more detail.
The most popular types of roofs of houses today
The popularity of a particular type of roof is often explained either by the ease of its creation, or by an economic factor, or by the climatic conditions of the area. We will briefly talk about what roofs are and why they are so good and popular today.
Gable roof
It is not at all surprising that this particular type of roof comes first. Even in ancient times, our ancestors built houses, namely, with gable roofs, and only then Western trends came to Russia, such as mansard or domed roofs, as well as hip roofs.
This is one of the most popular and comfortable roofs for private houses. A roof with two slopes resting on walls of the same height and forming a space in the form of a triangle (gables) is sometimes called a "gabled roof". The installation of such a roof is much more complicated than the construction of a pitched roof, but the choice of roofing material for it is simplified. It is not inferior to it in functional characteristics: it also easily copes with snow, rain, and wind. In terms of design, a gable roof looks much better than a shed roof.
hip roof
hip roof Hip roofs already have 4 slopes, of which two are trapezoidal, and two are triangular.
This type of roof got its name from the word "hips", which means triangular slopes, which are located on the front side. During the construction of such a roof, beams and double tightening are used. In addition, the mandatory equipment of drains for each slope follows, the slope of which is usually made up to 45 degrees. Only a sufficiently steep slope will be able to divert both water and snow, as well as withstand strong gusty winds. The construction of hip roofs requires a lot of labor, as a rather complex truss system is used.
Half hip roof
Half-hip roofs are another type of hip roofs, which differs from the hip roof in that it has a truncated triangular slope, usually located higher than trapezoidal slopes. Its only drawback is the high consumption of material for covering those sections of the roof that are adjacent to the roof ribs.
Mansard roof or broken
Also applies to gable roofs with broken lines of slopes. Such kinks increase the area and volume of the attic, which is commonly called the attic. The pentagonal shape of the gables of the mansard roofs attracts the eye of almost all passers-by. To build such a roof is not very difficult. However, during construction, you are unlikely to do without the insulation of your attic.
The cost of a roof is approximately 15 to 20% of the total cost of building an entire house. Creating an attic under the roof is the most economical option for obtaining additional premises. Therefore, it is very appropriate to slightly increase the cost of the attic, which will give you another full floor. And there you can arrange summer bedrooms and lounges for young family members and guests.
But why does an attic increase costs compared to building a simple attic? This is due, of course, to the need for roof insulation, living quarters require this. Additional injections will be required, and due to the inevitable complication of the roof structure with an attic, there cannot be struts and stretch marks that would be located in the living rooms themselves. For these purposes, they came up with such a shape of the roof (in the form of an attic) with braces and racks above the ceiling of residential premises.
The presence of an attic floor makes it necessary to place a layer of thermal insulation under the roof, and therefore a multi-layer roof appears. Heat-insulating material with an inner lining is usually attached to the rafters (to the inside), and a sheathing is mounted on the outside and a direct roof covering is laid. In this case, it is necessary to strengthen the truss structures due to the multi-layer roof. This can be done by increasing the number of rafters, while reducing the distance between them. A successful solution to this problem can be considered the use of metal truss structures.
One of the important positive aspects of the mansard roof can be considered that the arrangement of the attic can be done later, since the space of the resulting attic will no longer require major complex work.
If you have a desire to save money, but at the same time build a two-story mansion, then we recommend that you take a closer look at the mansard type of roof. This is a great option!
Flat roof
Previously, in private housing construction, flat roofs were not popular. But recently, interest in flat roofs has grown again and is in the field of view of modern architects and designers. Flat roofs have unique features due to their flat surface. On such a roof, you can set up a flower garden, arrange a sports ground or a small pool. This solution is especially suitable for areas with a warm climate. Although in central Russia you can apply this roof option if you use a special system of removable canopies. They will be able to protect the desired part or the entire flat roof from annoying precipitation.
There are many different types of such canopies, but transparent glass structures are especially attractive. They provide additional light to the upper rooms of your house, you can use special lights for evening lighting. And here you can find a great place for solar panels and water heaters, if needed.
The advantages of flat roofs include low construction costs, as the cost decreases due to the reduction in the total roof area and the absence of complex rafter structures.
Many do not dare to build such roofs, fearing problems with drainage. But you should not be afraid of this, the installation of drainage systems from a flat roof is no more difficult to perform than the creation of a storm sewer. And the roof itself should have a slight, barely noticeable slope, so that the water that appears can flow to the drains. Drainage systems are usually organized outside and inside the house.
Many people find it convenient to combine storm drains with the internal sewers of a building, but do not forget to take into account the level of rainfall in your area.
The disadvantages of a flat roof include a problem with thermal insulation. It can be difficult to cope with the strong heating of residential premises in the hot season, but it is not difficult to create a cold protection system (as in the version of the mansard roof).
If in a pitched roof the "heat exchanger" is an attic, then in a house with a flat roof it is necessary to create it in a special way. Most importantly, know that between the ceiling of the living rooms and the roof of the roof there must be ventilation, in whatever form you like. Create a small ventilated attic or special ventilation ducts that are best placed under the roofing material.
Less popular, but no less interesting types of roofs of houses
In this section, we will consider what types of roofs are still, in addition to the most popular and widely known among the population of our country. This group represents the types and designs of roofs of unusual and beautiful forms, but requiring practical skills to create them. What are the forms of the roof of the original structures and where they can be used, we will briefly present further in the text.
shed roof
shed roof A characteristic feature of this type of roof is that it has a truss system that rests on walls of different heights, and since one wall is slightly higher than the other, a slope is formed due to this. Such roofs are quite easy to erect, and to cover them, you can use inexpensive and reliable materials, such as ondulin, slate, roofing material. The convenience of such roofs is obvious, precipitation does not accumulate on them, flowing smoothly in the direction of the slope. Therefore, it is quite clear to understand where it is necessary to install drains for water, providing the building with reliable dryness.
The truth and the flaws are obvious. One of the most important is that the room will be without an attic. Today, it is very rare to see private houses that would have a pitched roof.
hipped roof
Usually it has four slopes of identical triangles that converge to one upper point. If you like houses in the shape of an equilateral polygon (for example, a square), then a hipped roof will help you out, which looks like a tent and looks great. However, it is not easy to mount such a roof, it has a very complex truss system.
Multi-gable roof
Multi-gable roof A standard roof of this type (also called a valley roof) has a very complex structure: a large number of external ribs and valleys (internal corners) at the junction of the slopes. When erecting such a roof, be sure to contact specialists with experience in its installation. A multi-gable roof is used for the construction of polygonal houses, which have many different outbuildings and side attics.
dome roof
Dome-shaped roofs usually cover only part of the building, rarely the entire structure. During its construction, a frame of curved elements is used, and both soft materials (stekloizol, roofing material, bituminous tiles) and flexible materials (galvanized steel or plastic tiles) are used to cover the roof. Some lovers of the old and unique style even today decorate their “castles” with domed roofs of various sizes.
spherical roof
The construction of a spherical roof is becoming a little more popular in recent times. Arbors are usually placed under this type of roof, as well as other types of buildings (stadiums, cathedrals and churches), which also have a roof or a domed type. Therefore, it cannot be said that this type of roof has no application at all.
But still, it loses very significantly to such types of roofing as a gable roof, or a mansard.
green roof
At the green roof, natural soil and planted greenery are used as roofing, while plants grow on the same well-groomed
"Green" roof soil. The green roof has all the positive properties of flat roofs, but when created
eliminate its main drawback (difficulty with ventilation) with the help of a special ventilation gasket. This gasket not only limits the growth of plant roots, but also allows you to save the water necessary for the life of green spaces. In addition, which is also important, it also serves to aerate the root system of the green lawn.
It can also be considered a plus that a green roof is a very unique phenomenon for almost any area in our country. The popularity of flat roofs will undoubtedly grow from year to year along with the development of the latest technologies in this direction. If you have a desire to be the owner of a house with a "fashionable" roof, then create your dream with a beautiful comfortable flat green roof.
Types of roofing in terms of coating materials
Having decided on the type of roof - mansard, gable, and perhaps domed, it is necessary to select the appropriate materials that are best suited for each type. What are the roofs, and what material they are covered with - we will try to answer these questions in this section.
Common today are the five most applicable types of roofing in construction - rolled, from materials based on various mastics, typesetting types (sheet), and also membrane. Let's consider them in more detail.
Roll roofs
To make this type of roofing, special bituminous and polymeric materials are used, in which the base is cardboard, fiberglass. In the process of manufacturing such materials, special modifiers are added, which then give the entire material water resistance, heat resistance, and other useful properties. It can also be noted that these additives protect the material from cracks, which of course has a positive effect on their service life.
Roll roofing When installing such a roof, the roll is unwound and laid in several layers, usually from 3 to 4. But they are not just laid, but glued together with mastic or melted onto each other.
This type of roofing would be versatile, easy to install, very inexpensive, but it has some drawbacks. This material does not have a very attractive appearance, this material can be prone to decay. Therefore, often such roofing material is most often used to cover sheds or other utility rooms, which are usually made with a shed roof.
Membrane roofs
This type of roof covering has a very high resistance to punctures or various types of stretching. Membrane coatings are used for laying on roofs with slight slopes. You can cover the roof with this material quite quickly. And excellent protective properties will allow you to keep the roof in its original form for a long time.
Roofing from sheet roofing materials
This type of roofing includes more modern types, such as metal tiles, artificial slate, made of bitumen and corrugated cardboard sheets.
- Artificial slate can be found on many roofs, it is a sheet of asbestos cement, has a wave shape that can be painted in a variety of colors. The paint, of course, is very adorning, this type of coating, the material acquires a beautiful appearance. Good performance under temperature extremes can also speak in favor of this coating. And the service time is quite long and can be up to 40 years.
- Metal tile is a very popular material today, it can be observed on various types and shapes of roofs, whether it is a hip roof or a mansard. These are galvanized sheets that have a special decorating polymer coating and this coating reliably protects the roof from most types of adverse weather conditions.
- Bitumen-cardboard sheets - made from pressed cardboard, which is impregnated with bitumen. The thicker the outer layer, the longer this type of coating will last. Such sheets were also included in the "people" under the name "Euroslate". Its main advantages are ease of working with this material, fairly good elasticity. But in terms of service life, this material loses to the rest. Euroslate "lives" on average 30 years.
Roofs from piece roofing materials
Roof tiles The main and main representative of the piece material, you can safely call ceramic tiles. This material is still very popular, although it has already “knocked” several thousand years. Until now, it can be seen on all forms and types of roofs. The performance characteristics of this material are very high. Ceramic tile does not require constant maintenance, meets environmental characteristics, is a soundproof coating. And also has the ability not to accumulate static stress, as in other materials.
Well, the most important feature of this material is its unique durability. In one of the Western countries there is even an ancient castle, which is many hundreds of years old, and it still stands under a tiled roof, safe and sound.
They say that the disadvantage of ceramic tiles can be called high weight. But on the other hand, it is this quality that allows a roof with such a coating to successfully withstand heavy snow and wind.
To date, ceramic products are gradually being replaced by similar ones from concrete and various mixtures of cement and sand, which are included in the final product. Such analogues may be easier for laying work, but they significantly reduce the life of the material.
Let us briefly mention such a type of material as flexible tiles. It is made of fiberglass, and sometimes cellulose or asbestos cardboard is also used. The inner side is covered with a layer of self-adhesive rubber bitumen, and the front part consists of fine mineral chips. The weight of this cover is very small. And the most important advantage is that it can be easily quickly replaced without resorting to dismantling the entire coating.
Roof made of sandwich panels
Sandwich panel device It is impossible not to mention such material as sandwich panels. It arose with the recent rapid development of "rapid building" technology. They are made of 2 sheets of steel, as well as one layer of insulation. The panels have very good strength characteristics and, according to manufacturers, can even compete with other materials in terms of resistance to temperature changes, ranging from -50 to +50.
Such panels will look good on roofs of various types and types, but mainly they are used in the field of office construction of buildings, retail space, hangars. If desired, such panels can be safely painted in any color, which, of course, improves the aesthetic appearance of buildings made of this material.
Basically, such panels, due to their modularity, have proven themselves in the construction of sheds, utility rooms for household equipment, but you can also find houses made according to this sandwich panel fashion that came to us from the west.
With the help of sandwich panels, it is quite easy to build the roof of a building, while indoors it will be comfortable and warm in winter, and in summer there will be a pleasant coolness. The disadvantages of this material, perhaps, include only a relatively short service life, only 30 years.
When gathering and preparing for the construction of a roof, it is necessary to think through everything to the smallest detail, types and structures of the roof, design and high-quality protection, with or without an attic. And of course, it is necessary to decide on the choice of suitable materials so that the appearance of the roof pleases the soul and eyes!
So, it has long been known that each house can give much more information about its owner than he will tell about himself. The walls of the house, and especially its roof, will tell not only about prosperity, but also about the tastes of its owners. Keep this in mind when choosing a beautiful, comfortable, and most importantly, suitable roof for your future home.
More and more people are striving to realize their innermost dream - to get out of the high-rise urban development in their own home. Acquired suburban area quickly turns into a construction site. And, in accordance with the natural mentality of most Russian men, the construction of a new home is very often carried out on their own. And, many of the amateur craftsmen do not have much experience in this area at all, they learn literally on the go, they are looking for useful and reliable information in available sources, including on the pages Internet resources dedicated to construction. We hope that our portal will provide them with serious assistance in this matter.
So, after the walls of the house are raised on a reliable foundation, it is necessary, without delaying this, to proceed to the creation of a roof and roofing flooring. There can be many options here. And one of the most commonly used is a gable roof structure. It is not as complicated in calculations and installation as some others, that is, even a novice builder should cope with it. Therefore, the topic of this publication is the construction of the roof of a private house with your own hands using the example of a gable truss system with
It should immediately be noted that the article does not give a ready-made "recipe". The goal is to demonstrate the principles of calculating a gable roof and the sequence of its construction. And a master with an appropriate estimate should already bring the recommendations received to his own, specific construction conditions.
General information about the design of gable roofs
The basic design principle of a gable roof is probably clear from its name. The roof of such a roof forms two planes converging along the ridge line and resting on the long walls of the house (along the cornice lines). From the end sides, the roof is limited by vertical gable walls. As a rule, both along the line of cornices and along the pediment, the roofing is somewhat released outside, outside the building in plan, so that overhangs are formed that protect the walls from direct precipitation.
Most often, the slopes have a symmetrical shape. Sometimes they resort to asymmetry, when the slopes are located at different angles to the horizon and, accordingly, differ in their length. But these are isolated cases, and will not be considered in this publication.
The height of the roof in the ridge, that is, the steepness of the slopes, can be different - it all depends on the planned use of the attic, the architectural ideas of the owners, and the type of roofing used.
Gable roofs have proven their high reliability. And the relative simplicity of the design makes them so popular among private developers.
The external similarity of gable roofs does not at all mean the uniformity of the design of their truss systems. It is precisely in this matter that there can be significant differences, depending both on the size of the building and on its design features.
According to the principle of structure, the truss systems of gable roofs can be divided into two groups:
- If the rafters rest on the outer walls of the building and are interconnected in a ridge knot, then such a system is called a hanging system.
To give additional rigidity to such a design, the rafter legs of each pair are reinforced with horizontal puffs (contractions). Vertical racks supported by floor beams, or diagonally mounted struts can also be used.
- In the case when the design of the house assumes the presence of a main wall inside the building, a layered truss system is often used. The name speaks for itself - the legs "lean" on the racks, which, in turn, rest on a bed laid along upper end of the capital internal walls. And, this wall can be located both in the center and offset from it. and for large buildings, two internal walls can also be used as supports. Several examples of layered systems are shown in the illustration below.
- However, a kind of "hybrid" of both systems is often used. The rafters in these cases, even without the presence of an internal partition, also receive support on the central post in the ridge knot, which, in turn, rests on powerful floor beams or on horizontal puffs between the rafter legs.
In any of the systems, especially in cases where the rafter legs are of considerable length, additional reinforcement elements are used. This is necessary to exclude the possibility of deflection of the beam or even its fracture under the action of loads. And the loads here will be considerable. First of all, it is static, due to the weight of the rafter system itself, lathing, roofing and its insulation, if it is provided for by the project. Plus, there are large variable loads, among which wind and snow come out on top. Therefore, they strive to provide the necessary number of support points for the rafter legs in order to prevent possible deformation.
Some of their reinforcement elements are shown in the design diagrams of the truss system:
The illustration above shows an example of a layered truss system:
1 - Mauerlat. Usually this is a bar rigidly fixed on the upper end of the outer walls of the building. It serves as a support and base for securing the lower part of the rafter legs.
2 - Lezhen. A bar attached to the internal partition of a building.
3 - Rack (another name is the headstock). Vertical support going from the bed to the ridge run.
4 - Skate run. A beam or board that connects the central posts and serves as the basis for securing the upper ends of the rafter legs.
5 - Rafter legs.
6 - Struts. These are additional reinforcement elements, through which you can reduce the free span of the rafter leg, that is, create additional support points for it.
7 - Lathing, which must match the selected roofing.
Prices for fasteners for rafters
fasteners for rafters
In hanging-type systems, reinforcement is made by installing horizontal puffs (pos. 7), which rigidly connect opposite rafter legs, and thereby reduce the bursting load acting on the walls of the building. There may be several such delays. For example, one is installed at the bottom, closer to the Mauerlat level or even almost flush with it. And the second is closer to the ridge knot (e is often also called a crossbar).
With a large length of rafters, it may also be necessary to use vertical racks (pos. 3) or diagonal struts (pos. 6), and often both of these elements in combination. They can be supported by floor beams (pos. 9), as shown in the illustration.
It should be correctly understood that the shown schemes are not a dogma at all. There are other designs of truss systems. For example, it is often used to fasten the lower part of the rafter legs not to the Mauerlat, but to the floor beams that are extended beyond the walls of the house. Thus, the necessary
In the roofs of large houses, more complex schemes can be used. For example, the rafters are connected by additional longitudinal runs, which, in turn, are supported by vertical posts or struts. But it is hardly reasonable to take on the creation of such complex systems without having well-established experience in this area. Therefore, we confine ourselves to the construction of fairly simple gable roofs.
Carrying out calculations of the parameters of a gable roof
The construction of the truss system and the arrangement of the roof on its basis should always begin with the necessary calculations. What are the tasks involved?
- First of all, it is necessary to deal with the ratio "ridge height - steepness of the roof slopes."
- After that, it will be possible to accurately calculate the length of the rafter legs, both “clean” and full, that is, taking into account the planned cornice overhangs.
- The length of the rafters and the estimated pitch from the installation will make it possible to determine the cross section of the material suitable for their manufacture, taking into account the expected roof loads. Or, on the contrary, based on the available material, choose the optimal step and place additional support points - by installing the reinforcement elements mentioned above.
The listed parameters will allow you to draw up a diagram and a drawing of the truss system as accurately as possible, correctly position all its elements. According to the existing scheme, it will be much easier to calculate how much and what material is required for installation.
- You will need to find out the total area of \u200b\u200bthe roof slopes. This is necessary for the purchase of roofing material, hydro - and vapor barrier membranes, insulation, if thermal insulation of the roof is planned. In addition, the area parameter is also important for determining the amount of material for arranging the lathing for the selected roofing.
To make it clearer during the presentation of the calculation procedure, the main quantities are schematically shown in the illustration below:
D- the width of the house (the size of its gable wall);
VC- the height of the roof in the ridge above the plane of the Mauerlat or floor beams, depending on what the lower ends of the rafter legs will be attached to;
a- the angle of steepness of the roof slopes;
FROM- working length of the rafter leg, from the ridge to the Mauerlat;
∆С- elongation of the rafter leg to form the planned cornice overhang;
W- installation step of the rafter legs.
Let's start with the above questions in order.
The ratio of the steepness of the slopes and the height of the roof ridge
These two quantities are closely related. And tothem calculation can be approached from different angles, taking certain criteria as initial ones.
- For example, the owners see their house with a high roof, something remotely reminiscent of the Gothic style of architecture. It is clear that with this approach, the height of the roof in the ridge increases sharply and, accordingly, the steepness of the slopes. True, it should not be forgotten that such roofs experience maximum wind loads, due to their pronounced “sail”. But the snow on such slopes will practically not linger. So it is worth considering these two factors initially. Perhaps, for an area closed from the winds, but with a predominance of snowy winters, this option will generally be the most acceptable.
Steep slopes and a high ridge are pronounced - snow does not linger on such a roof at all, but the effect of the wind becomes maximum But do not forget that the longer the rafter legs, the more difficult the system itself will be in arranging, which will require a lot of reinforcing parts.
- Another consideration to make the roof higher very often becomes the desire to have a functional attic space, up to equipping it with a full-fledged living room.
For an attic room, of course, a broken truss system is preferable. But if, nevertheless, a gable is planned, then a lot of space is eaten up by corner zones along the line connecting the rafters with a Mauerlat. It is necessary to increase the steepness of the slopes (see above).
True, and here there may be an acceptable solution. For example, the Mauerlat is not located at the level of the ceiling, as in the "classic" version, but on the side walls, which are deliberately raised above the ceiling to a certain height. Then, even with a large steepness of the slopes, and without much complication of the design of the system, magnon can achieve very spacious attic rooms.
Prices for metal tiles
metal tile
By the way, it is this option that will be considered below, when the story goes about the installation of the truss system.
- It happens that the owners of the future home, on the contrary, make a decision about the minimum angles of roof slope. This may be due to material saving structures, lack of usable attic space, local conditions such as very windy but not particularly snowy terrain.
True, with this approach, we must not forget that any roofing has certain lower limits for the steepness of the slopes. For example, if it is planned to lay piece tiles, then it is necessary to ensure a steepness angle of at least 20, and for some models even 30 degrees. So if the plans already have one or another roofing, its characteristics should be correlated with the height and steepness of the roof.
So, how is the calculation carried out. As a constant value - a constant, we have the width of the house along the gable wall ( D). Using the well-known trigonometric formula, it is easy to find the height ( VC), based on the planned steepness of the slopes (angle a).
Sun \u003d 0.5 × D × tg a
It is clear that half the width of the building is taken to calculate a symmetrical gable roof, that is 0.5 ×D.
One more nuance. When calculating according to this ratio, the height difference between the heights of the ridge point and the Mauerlat plane is taken as the height. That is, the excess over the attic floor is far from always meant - this should be borne in mind.
The above formula is included in the proposed calculator.
Calculator of the ratio of the steepness of the slopes of a gable roof and the height of its ridge
The variety of roofs misleads the layman inexperienced in construction.
Considering the options for roofs, it is difficult to determine what exactly is needed for the future structure, which one is advisable to build in a particular case.
In addition, I want the roof to be not only beautiful, but also strong, durable, and meet all the requirements. A variety of designs allows architectural designers to translate all the most unpredictable projects into reality.
There are various types of roofs of private houses, we will talk about them now.
Shed roof is a rectangular plane, based on opposite load-bearing walls.
Single pitched roof is:
- ventilated;
- unventilated.
Design features
Directly depends on the slope. Since the slope of the structure is affected not only by the finish coating, but by the peculiarity of climatic conditions, then all these values should be correctly calculated.
An important indicator for the design of any roof is also the total load.
Slope angle
It directly depends on the coating material: coatings are distinguished by their ability to retain snow precipitation.
It is recommended to choose materials for covering a shed roof based on their ability to self-clean from snow.
In addition, depending on the natural features, in places where winds prevail, the area is not sufficiently protected by trees, it is recommended to change the slope angle.
Shed roof truss system options
FROM truss roof structure with one slope can be:
- sliding;
- layered;
- hanging.
It is most often performed from wooden elements for various purposes.
Shed roof truss system
Mounting Features
Installation of a shed truss structure is carried out on a Mauerlat.
If a hanging-type frame is being installed, then a farm is first made on the ground. According to a given template, the entire structure is made.
The roof can be equipped with an insulation system. To do this, mount the elements necessary for a warm roof.
The final covering of the roof is a protective covering material.
Advantages and disadvantages of a pitched roof
Despite the ease of installation, the simplicity of the design, the shed system has its own characteristics.
Advantages:
- Inexpensive construction;
- ease of installation;
- resistance to strong winds.
Repair work during operation on pitched roof not difficult to produce, not too expensive.
Flaws:
- Need for snow removal
- low height of the attic space. The advantages of this type are in strength and reliability in terms of resistance to the vagaries of the weather.
shed roof
gable roof
The design, which consists of two slopes, is called gable.
Gable structures can be classified according to the location of the slopes:
- symmetrical;
- asymmetric;
- broken lines;
- multi-level;
- double-sided with a skate on a slope.
In addition, other configurations of gable roofs can be designed: broken from one slope, double broken, with elongated peaks or extensions.
Design options
Particular attention is paid to the load.
Besides, the angle of inclination is important in accordance with the coating.
Quite simple, with the correct determination of all indicators (angle, roof load, natural load), the roof will be reliable and durable.
Tilt angle
The average amount of snowfall in the region is taken into account when calculating the roof load. Besides, the strength of the wind currents affects the slope of the slope.
With a different slope for different materials, a certain one corresponds. For all materials, their indicators.
truss system
It can have a layered structure, hanging, combined.
The roof structure option is selected based on the span between the outer walls. In addition to truss beams, the structural elements of the truss system are: ridge, mauerlat, crossbar, puffs, and other elements.
Each of the additional elements distributes the load, fixes or strengthens the more vulnerable parts of the structure.
Gable roof truss system
Mounting
When installing a gable roof you need to follow the basic steps:
- Install beams;
- fix the crate;
- install roofing.
In the case of lengthening the rafter legs, additional rails are mounted under the overhang.
Advantages and disadvantages
A gable roof is the most common roofing model.
This is due to the advantage of this design:
- The possibility of arranging an attic;
- there is no need to independently clean the coating from snow;
- simple project;
- variety of coatings.
Flaws:
- The dependence of the roof height on the span;
- when arranging an attic space, additional reinforcement of the structure and arrangement of window systems and heating elements are required.
A gable roof is not the most complex structure, and when fully equipped, it is the most in demand.
Gable roof
hip roof
It is a quadruple structure. The slopes are made up of triangles and trapezoids.
A modified design of the hip system is called semi-hip. There are Dutch and Danish half hip designs.
Design features
The project has rather painstaking calculations, since the design itself is not simple.
Particular attention should be paid to the points:
- calculate each slope separately;
- correctly calculate the length of the rafters and the ridge;
- take into account the area of windows and chimneys;
- correctly calculate the load.
ATTENTION!
The same material should be used for the frame and the ridge beam. This feature must be taken into account in the project.
The cost of the project should include additional elements and additional details for the arrangement of the roof.
Slope angle
The slope angle is affected by wind and snow. This type of structure can be arranged at an angle of 5° to 60°. The dependence on natural indicators is directly proportional.
It should be remembered about the features of laying roofing: the recommended indicators of each coating directly depend on the angle of the slope.
In addition to the main rafter legs, it consists of their elements: Mauerlat, ridge, slanted legs, and other important parts that provide strength, participate in the distribution of the load.
Hip roof truss system
Mounting Features
Includes elements fastening sequence:
- Mauerlat;
- beams;
- racks;
- sloping legs. Further, in order, other elements are installed, including the crate.
Pros and cons
Hip structures in addition to a presentable appearance and structural strength has a number of advantages:
- the slope of the ribs reduces the wind load;
- due to the design features, the area increases, which positively affects heat transfer.
The disadvantages of a hip roof are its complexity and cost..
hip roof
Mansard (broken) roof
This is a type of construction in which the slopes have a refraction with a change in the angle of the slope of the slope.
Broken mansard roof can have from two to four slopes.
It happens layered and hanging.
The schematic structure of the attic can be in the form:
- Square;
- rectangle;
- a combined figure combining a triangle and a square.
The most common type of broken structure is a gable roof.
Design options
At should follow the requirements provided during installation:
- A roof height of at least 2.2 m should be designed;
- choose materials that are smaller in mass;
- take into account struts and puffs due to the length of the rafters.
A sloping roof provides for the arrangement of an attic, so it is advisable to use high-quality materials for insulation and providing the roof with air exchange.
Tilt angle
In calculating the slope angle, it is necessary to build on the height of the attic.
- Influence of atmospheric influences;
- type of roofing.
The best option for a broken roof with an attic is a project in which the upper slopes are located at an angle of 30 °, and the lower ones at an angle of 60 °.
truss system
In attic structures, the frame is equipped with elements:
- Mauerlat;
- beams;
- frame racks;
- runs. These and other elements create a solid foundation for arranging the attic.
Mansard roof truss system
Mounting
When installing the rafter base, one part of the frame is made, starting with racks and layered rafters, and then, like it, all the rest.
After mounting all the elements, they are fastened with girders.
Advantages and disadvantages
The main advantage of a sloping roof is the arrangement of an additional room.
Among the disadvantages of a sloping roof is its cost., since this consumes a lot of materials for insulation, the arrangement of special windows is not a cheap pleasure.
But the costs of arranging an attic cannot exceed the construction of an additional extension or an increase in the area of \u200b\u200bthe house.
mansard roof
Flat roof
A structure that is a plane lying on the load-bearing walls of a structure. Such a system does not have an attic space.
They can be operated and non-operated.
Besides, Depending on the characteristics of the coating, flat systems can be divided into:
- inversion;
- green;
- breathable.
All of them have their own characteristics.
Design features
At the stage design it is necessary to correctly calculate the load of the snow cover, as well as all the materials used, and take into account the drainage system.
Slope angle
The roof must have the necessary. Its angle is up to 5°. This feature contributes to high-quality drainage.
Rafter Location Options
The flat roof frame provides for the following elements:
- Mauerlat;
- support bars;
- plywood or OSB flooring.
Flat roof truss system
Mounting
It is important to organize the arrangement of drains. Attention should be paid to the operating system: it is important to choose the right type of floor and the right layers to ensure a favorable microclimate.
Advantages and disadvantages
A flat roof is positively characterized by price, low labor costs, and the possibility of arranging additional recreation areas is a productive distribution of space.
The disadvantages are: accumulation of snow, inability to determine the condition of the roofing pie, the need to equip an internal water drain system.
Flat roof
Hip roof
It is a system of triangular slopes connected at one vertex.
According to the features of the frame structure, hipped roofs can be layered and hanging. In addition, tent structures are still of other types.
Design options
The main directions of designing a tent system are:
- Calculation of the slope angle;
- choice of roofing;
- calculation of the height of the ridge connection.
An important step is the calculation of the load on the truss structure. If insulation is assumed, the load of the layers of the cake is calculated.
Tilt angle
The slope of the slopes directly depends on the type of roofing and climatic conditions. Slope reduction should be done with the predominance of strong winds at the building site.
truss system
The elements of the hip roof truss system are:
- Mauerlat;
- floor beams;
- sloping boards;
puffs; - supports.
These and other elements together provide strength and stability of the frame.
Hip roof truss system
Mounting Features
The installation of the tent system involves the arrangement of the truss system and the laying of the insulation system for the roof.
The rafter system should be erected before mounting the ceiling of the building.
Installation of the truss system begins with the installation of a mauerlat or strapping. Next, the system is gradually erected, starting with rafter boards, mounting racks, other elements, ending with trusses and struts.
Advantages and disadvantages
The attractiveness of a hipped roof makes you forget about its shortcomings. The disadvantages are the small area for the attic and the complexity of installation.. Plus are the aerodynamic properties and strength of the system.
hipped roof
Multi-gable roof
The complex structure of a multi-gable roof consists of many parts, ledges, and elements. Perhaps one of the most complex designs.
They are determined by a combination of certain types of roofs, assembled together. Roof corners can be pointed or hip.
Design options
A difficult task to develop a project, especially if the roof elements have a different configuration. In this case, each element should be calculated separately.
Particular attention should be paid to the truss system.
- Use lightweight materials;
- do not save on waterproofing;
- take care of high-quality bars for rafters.
The complexity of the project lies in planning the arrangement of window systems.
The design itself is the covering of the attic of the house, so it is strong enough practically unaffected by the weather.
Rafter Location
The stage of erection of a multi-gable system is the most difficult stage. Each part must be installed separately.. For rafters, you should choose only high-quality wood.
The basic part of the design is the Mauerlat. The rest of the structural elements are attached to it: rafter legs, reinforcing beams and supports.
Multi-gable roof truss system
Mounting Features
In addition to the complexity of mounting the roof frame, the multi-gable system has a weak point, which should be properly protected from moisture: this is the angle of connection of the slopes.
Pros and cons
The advantage of a multi-gable roof is originality, attractiveness. But such beauty should be paid in full: the equipment of such a system is an expensive pleasure.
Multi-gable roof
conical roof
The design of a conical roof has the shape of a cone. A rather rare type of roofing, since the arrangement of such systems is carried out on round-shaped houses.
Cone-shaped roofs can be full and incomplete.
Design options
Most often, conical shapes serve as decoration.. They do not carry a functional load. You need to know the diameter of the base of the cone, the length of the slope. When calculating the area of \u200b\u200bthe cone, the amount of materials needed is determined.
Slope angle
The slope angle of a cone-shaped roof is calculated using the tangent formula. In this case, it is necessary to know the height of the cone and the length of the rafter leg.
truss system
The conical roof frame system is a hanging fan type. Use additional elements: beams, braces, crate, additional bars.
Conical roof truss system
Mounting
Installation is carried out by laying the rafter legs in the form of a fan. They rely on runs, as well as a ring element at the top. The base is Mauerlat. Further, the base is assembled in a certain way with the help of additional elements.
CAREFULLY!
Boards as crates are not suitable for the cone type. In this case, flexible types of PVC pipes are mounted.
Advantages and disadvantages
Resistance to any weather phenomena is one of the advantages of a cone roof. Increased strength, originality - the undoubted advantage of this type of roof.
The complexity of installation, the high consumption of materials, the inability to install an attic due to the lack of windows allows you to mount such systems only to decorate the roof.
conical roof
Which roof is better
The design of the roof, first of all, must correspond to the architecture of the building.
The choice of roofing is determined according to factors:
- financial opportunity;
- climate features;
- individual preferences;
- the need for an attic.
Before you decide on the option of protecting your home, you should consider different options.
Roof options
Useful video
In this video you will learn what types of roofs are:
In modern private construction, there are a great many varieties of roofs of houses, and in our material we will talk about their most popular options. Such important roof structures can be divided depending on the shape, design features and what materials were used in its construction.
Tilt angle
First, we suggest that you familiarize yourself with what the forms of the roof are. Depending on the angle of inclination, two main categories of structures can be defined:
- Flat, with an angle of inclination not exceeding 3 degrees relative to the horizon. Since their maintenance is very difficult, and precipitation stagnates in them, such options are quite rare. On the positive side, inexpensive installation and a small amount of consumables can be noted here. On this design, you can equip an open-air terrace, which can also be attributed to the advantages.
- Pitched, with an angle of inclination of 10 degrees or more. Such samples are easy to use, and therefore their popularity is very high. There is no accumulation of precipitation, and water is perfectly discharged through storm drains.
Roofs with pitched surfaces, in turn, are divided into subcategories:
- lean-to;
- gable steep;
- gable gentle;
- gable attic with a broken configuration;
- four-slope semi-hip;
- four-pitched hipped roofs;
- four-slope hip.
The most convenient in the implementation include single-pitched roof structures, the surface slope of which is from 4 to 6 degrees. It makes sense to install them on garages, sheds and other outbuildings.
What are the types of roofing If you need to build an attic, give preference to a mansard roof, which can consist of two slopes and have a broken contour configuration. Hip samples are practical, they adequately withstand the wind load, but their installation cannot be called simple.
It will require materials in large quantities, and you can not do without a professional installation team. When choosing roof types, be sure to consider all factors, and do not limit yourself solely to information about the service life and cost of the project.
In order for the design to please the eye and be a real decoration of the house, it is necessary to pay special attention to its design.
Popular types of roofs of private houses and their characteristics
Of course, the popularity of this or that type of roofing is explained by the ease of installation, saving money and time, the climatic features of the region and the personal preferences of the owners. Let's move on to a detailed review of the options presented in modern construction.
gable
This type is the most popular and has been built in our country since ancient times. Another name for a structure with two slopes, which rest on walls of the same height, is a “gable roof”. Installation here is more complicated than that of a single-slope version, but the facing materials here can be completely different, which allows you to satisfy any design requirements of the developer.
Hip
In this case, we are dealing with four slopes, the shape of two of which repeats the trapezoid, and the remaining two are made in the form of triangles. The name of the design comes from the word "hips" (frontal triangular slopes).
During the installation process, beams are installed here using a double tightening and drains are necessarily mounted at an angle of 45 degrees on each slope. The construction of such structures requires additional efforts and skills, because the construction of the truss system in this case is quite complicated.
Half hip
This is one of the options for hip roofs, with the only difference being that a truncated triangular slope is formed here, and it is installed higher than its trapezoidal counterparts. Of the shortcomings, it is fashionable to note only additional costs for materials, because you will have to finish those sections of the planes that are adjacent to the roof ribs. Such structures are well used in regions with a windy climate.
Attic (broken lines)
Another type of gable samples, characterized by broken slopes, which allows you to significantly increase the attic space, called the attic. Pentagonal pediments leave no one indifferent, and their construction will not cause any particular difficulties for experienced craftsmen. The only thing you will have to face is to buy materials for warming the living space and install them, thereby increasing the energy efficiency of the house, which is not required in the case of an ordinary attic that is not intended for living.
On average, the cost of building a roof is about 20% of the total construction costs, but we can make the most of the usable area of \u200b\u200bthe building and get a two-story house with virtually one level.
flat
Forgotten for a while, these types of roofs of houses are gradually returning to construction thanks to the unusual design solutions of modern architects. Flat roofs allow you to build a flower garden, tennis court or outdoor mini pool, especially if your home is located in a region with a warm climate. They can be improved with removable canopies made of glass or other materials that will reliably protect the recreation area from precipitation and pollution. The transparent dome will provide the space with natural light, and lighting fixtures will help out in the evening. Here you can also install solar panels and water heating elements, if you, of course, need them.
Of the advantages, I would especially like to note the affordable costs for materials and installation work. Do not forget about a high-quality storm system, with the help of which all precipitation will leave the roof without a trace, besides, the flat surface still has a slope, although it is invisible at first glance. As for the shortcomings, there may be problems with thermal insulation, and here we are primarily talking about heating the plane in the summer heat, but you can fight the cold in the same way as in the case of a mansard roof.
If the structure of the roof with slopes has its own heat exchanger in the form of an attic, then flat options cannot boast of such a feature, therefore, in case of urgent need, you will have to resort to its construction separately.
The main rule here is to create ventilation between the ceiling of the living space and the roof, no matter what shape it will be.
It is possible to equip both a ventilated attic and ventilation ducts that will hide the roof truss and cladding materials.
Less popular roof types
In addition to the most common roof structures, there are other options that can also be found in private construction, albeit less frequently. Their shape is somewhat different from those specimens that we considered above, but from this they can be no less beautiful. It is necessary to approach the creation of such samples seriously, because their implementation may be feasible only for professionals.
Shed
A distinctive feature of this type of construction is the rafter system, which rests on walls of different levels, due to which a slope is formed. Such structures are easy to build, and any, even the most inexpensive materials, are suitable for their cladding.
As for practicality, it is obvious, because precipitation does not linger here, so you don’t have to worry about maintaining such a building. The disadvantage is also significant - you will not be able to equip the attic or attic, and perhaps that is why today it is rare to find shed specimens on new houses.
Shatrovaya
The shape of such a roof is made in the form of four symmetrically arranged triangles along each wall of the building, which form a kind of tent. It has an unusual chic look, but it is very difficult to build it because of the overly sophisticated truss system.
Multi-forceps
It has another name - valley, and is characterized by one of the most complex truss systems. Many external and internal corners at the junctions of two slopes are not easy to install, moreover, the valleys provoke the accumulation of snow and rainwater, which can lead to leaks.
Wealthy people who build polygonal houses with a large number of outbuildings and attic rooms can afford multi-gable samples.
Dome
Such types of roofs only in rare cases cover the entire area of the building and are mainly installed above its part. To mount the frame, you will need flexible elements, and a flexible or soft lining is suitable as a decorative coating. As a rule, dome solutions are preferred by lovers of antiquity, oriental style, ancient castles and everything unusual, transferring it to their home.
spherical
Recently, spherical roofs are slowly gaining popularity among our compatriots, although this rarely applies to residential buildings. They cover gazebos, sports grounds, church buildings, so that we can observe these types of construction almost every day.
Green
The point here is not the color of the decorative coating, as it might seem at first glance. As a cladding, if you can call it that, we are dealing with natural soil, in which plants are planted that serve as a real decoration for such an exotic design. Here you can note all the positive qualities of flat samples, improved by a special ventilation system. Thanks to this laying, the roots of bushes and trees are limited in growth, they always have enough moisture for irrigation, and besides, conditions are created here for healthy aeration of the roots of green spaces.
The undoubted advantage is the uniqueness of the open greenhouse, because it is very rare to meet such green living structures, if possible. Looking at the rapid development of new technologies and the popularity of environmental projects, it is not difficult to predict that soon such plantings on the tops of houses will become much more widespread. Do you want to stand out from your neighbors and are not afraid to face the need for careful care of plants in the open air? Then a green roof will suit you and you will be able to enjoy its beauty.
Decorative cladding: what to choose?
In addition to personal preferences and financial capabilities, in this matter, you need to take into account design features that can both limit your choice and allow you to expand it. To date, the following materials are most common:
- metal tile;
- bituminous tiles;
- ceramic tiles;
- slate;
- sandwich panels.
All these roofing materials differ from each other in technical characteristics, composition and design, and are also installed on the surface of the structure using different technologies, so before choosing, you should carefully read their description, manufacturer's recommendations and warnings. If you carefully approach this issue and study all the subtleties and nuances of the roof structure, you can create reliable protection and at the same time decoration for your home.
Houses, like people, have their own soul and face, which reflects their inner way. And most of all it affects the roofs. They are the first to catch the eye, therefore they are the hallmark of the house and its owners. If the roof is well-groomed and elegant, made with love, it means that peace and prosperity reign in the house, and its inhabitants live in comfort and coziness. Roofs for small houses, thanks to newfangled trends and modern technologies, have become real masterpieces of design art.
Features of one-story buildings
Before talking about the roofs of one-story houses and their arrangement, let's find out the essence and peculiarity of low buildings. In recent years, the construction of low-rise cottages has become the most popular option for private housing construction, due to many advantages:
Video: projects of small private houses
Roof options for one-story houses and their device
Based on the characteristics of low-rise buildings, roofs are accordingly selected for them. They should be light so as not to weigh down the shallow foundation. Uncomplicated in form - complex broken structures will not fit into the architectural appearance of a low house, unless it is a roof with an attic.
Under one roof there is a one-story house with an attic and two garages
But at the same time, roofs must be beautiful, stylish, durable and, most importantly, perform their functions perfectly:
- protect the house from bad weather;
- withstand snow and wind loads;
- withstand sudden temperature changes, solar radiation, chemical attack and combustion.
The structure of the roofs of one-story buildings does not differ from the structure of the roofs of high-rise private houses. They also consist of two blocks:
- bearing part - truss system;
- building envelope - roofing.
These component roof links are dependent on each other. If the rafter system is installed with violations, then it is unlikely that it will be possible to lay the covering material correctly. And this is fraught with big problems, up to the failure of the supporting structure. And vice versa - with poor installation of roofing, the use of low-quality materials, at least roof leaks are inevitable. Which will entail dampness in the under-roof space, rotting of the rafters, the appearance of mold, fungus, etc. That is, repairs are inevitable and it will result in a considerable amount.
For one-story buildings, conventional gable roofs are preferable - the most reliable due to their design, since they have only two planes and one joint. However, many developers are not satisfied with the simplicity of the forms. I want something special, original even for a small house. And here architects came to the rescue. They brought stylish elements to the structure of roofs for one-story houses, making them worthy of admiration.
Powerful rafter legs are extended far beyond the wall and rest against a monolithic fence, the ramp also serves as a canopy for a large terrace
The basis of any roof is the truss system. It is individual for each form and has its own design features. It will be much easier to choose a suitable roof frame if you have an idea in advance what types of load-bearing roof systems are used in the construction of one-story houses. Especially when they plan to build a roof on their own.
Shed roofs
Roofs with one slope are simple and economical designs. They attract with the ease and speed of construction, as well as the minimum consumption of building materials. If earlier such roofs were the lot of outbuildings, garages, verandas, today they can often be seen over residential buildings of modern, minimalist and high-tech lovers.
Shed roofing can give expressive dynamics to the architecture of high-tech houses
Despite the simplicity of the upper structure of buildings, there are many more options for arranging such roofs than it seems. This may be a classic rafter system - the rafter legs rest on two opposite walls of the building, different in height, through the Mauerlat. The support can also be a concrete reinforced belt, arranged in advance during the construction of walls or the upper rows of log (wooden) boxes.
The truss system for a shed roof has several device options
An interesting system is based on one side of the wall, and the other on the support in the form of beams. The upper parts of the rafters are attached to the load-bearing wall or through steel brackets to the wall itself, and the lower parts are attached to the beams. This is exactly what they do when they build sheds or extensions. Roofs can overlap the extension along with the main building, or they can look like separate roofs.
When constructing shed roofs of extensions and sheds, the upper parts of the rafters are attached to the wall
As a variation of this option, both sides of the rafter legs rest on the strapping of the beams.
In another version of the construction of the truss system, both sides of the rafter legs rest on the strapping of the installed beams.
With walls of the same height for the construction of a shed roof, one wall is built up. But it will be faster and more reliable to use in this case construction trusses made of wood or metal, factory-made or made independently.
The use of construction trusses greatly simplifies the construction of a pitched roof.
It should be noted another type of truss system, which is used in order to transfer the load from the walls to the floors. In this case, support posts are installed that support the rafters and rafter legs.
To reduce the bearing load on the walls of the house, support posts are used.
And the latest trend in architectural fashion for shed roofs of low-rise buildings - the truss system rests directly on the ground - a bright and bold design. Such a roof certainly will not go unnoticed.
A catchy design element of a one-story house was a dynamic shed roof, which rests against the ground with a truss system.
Video: do-it-yourself shed roof
If we talk about unusual pitched roofs, then there are:
- undulating forms of the roof;
The roof of a one-story cottage has a non-trivial shape of a wave running ashore - this emphasizes the ultra-modern design style
- arcuate;
A beautiful little house with an arched wooden roof and spectacularly curved beams - an example of what can be done with wood as a building material - no limits to fantasy
- sawtooth structures - for those who are looking for a way to fill their home with warmth and light, as well as visually increase the interior space;
A sawtooth shed roof is a great option to fill your home with natural light and visually expand its interior space.
- green shed roofs, especially relevant for buildings near highways or large industrial enterprises, since they not only look picturesque, but purify the air and absorb noise;
A green shed roof will give an extra charge of vivacity, add vitality, increase stress resistance and improve heart function.
- roof-stairs for one-story long buildings;
The house in the UK harmoniously blended into the surroundings, thanks to the naturalness of the forms and smooth tonal transitions of the color scheme.
- canopy roofs - very practical - the curvature of the slope can be bent, taking into account the climatic conditions of a particular area;
The curvature of a shed roof canopy easily adapts to the weather conditions of any region and the architectural style of the house
- refracting roofs, passing into the facade.
Shed roof refracting and passing to the facade - a stylish trend that came from Europe
Of course, so far, many of them look like exotic because of the unusual ultra-modern shape. But time will pass, new shed structures will appear, more unusual, and the current ones will decorate private houses with might and main.
Video: unusual roofs of private houses - ideas for construction
gable roofs
Despite the mass of options, gable roofs for low houses remain the most popular, because:
- such designs look expressive and neat;
A special highlight is the external chimney inherent in Victorian-style houses
- have a clear and uncomplicated truss system;
The gable roof truss system is simple and easy to install
- they are distinguished by simplicity and frugality in arrangement, as well as reliability in operation;
- provide good ventilation, uniform heating of the attic space and rapid melting snow, which is especially valuable for buildings in the northern regions;
- make it possible to use any materials and, if desired, equip the under-roof space with respect to the angle of inclination into a utility room or into a full-fledged residential attic.
A one-story cottage with an attic and a multi-level gable roof looks impressive and soundly
In addition, gable truss systems are quite diverse, due to which the forms of gable roofs sometimes turn out to be simply fantastic.
Amazing and marvelous roof shapes are obtained thanks to unusual options for the construction of the truss system.
Photo gallery: houses with gable roofs - a fairy tale in reality
The gable hip roof of a one-story cottage is decorated with various stylish elements. 
Modern execution has created a charming Tudor one-story house with a gable roof. 
A thatched roof can be given any, even the most intricate and fantastic look. 
The Japanese often create original, witty, sometimes bizarre forms of houses and roofs that captivate with simplicity and intricacy. 
A distinctive feature of English houses with an attic is a large slope of roof slopes and several asymmetrically located gables.
The nuances of one-story houses with a gable roof:
- the arrangement of the under-roof space affects the height of the truss system, which requires reinforcement of the rafters, which means an increase in the cost of construction;
Under a gable roof, you can equip a residential or non-residential attic
- the slope angle of the slopes depends on the size of the house itself and also affects the height of the structure;
- the presence of gable windows complicates the structure of the roof and increases the cost of its construction;
- when installing the roof, special care is needed in the calculation of roofing units - chimneys and ventilation shafts.
The arrangement of the gable roof truss system has various options
Video: original house design with a roof
Four-pitched roofs
Roofs with four slopes are characterized by increased reliability. They are durable and resist the wind very well.
A one-story house with a four-slope roof and a large open veranda is distinguished by its stability and original appearance.
Four-pitched roofs are made in the form of:
- tent construction, where all 4 slopes are combined at one point;
The hipped roof is suitable for houses in the form of a square or a regular polygon
- and hip (semi-hip), consisting of two slopes in the form of a trapezoid and two triangular, connected by a ridge beam.
An interesting idea for a modern country house - an asymmetrical four-slope thatched roof in tandem with a corrugated wooden facade
Hipped four-slope roofs are economical in the consumption of wall materials due to the absence of tongs (pediments). However, they have a complex support system and problems with fitting roof decks. Hip roofs look the most successful, especially on one-story houses that are large in area. Such structures give the buildings solidity. In addition, hip roofs are more profitable than hip roofs in terms of the use of roofing materials. Their only drawback, as well as half-hinged structures, is the complexity of roofing.
The truss systems of a four-pitched roof are more complicated than those of a gable roof
When choosing a four-pitched version, you need to pay attention to such a factor as the slope of the roof. The angle of inclination of the slopes allows you to freely remove precipitation from the roof, therefore it is a significant criterion for the aesthetic appearance of the roof, its safety and strength. Its permissible value is from 15 to 65 ° and depends on:
- From the climate of a particular area. If the house is located in a region with heavy rainfall and snow, then it is advisable to make a roof slope of 45 °. A smaller roof slope is suitable for houses located in dry areas. A sloping roof with a slope angle of up to 30 ° is suitable for areas with frequent gusty winds.
- From covering material. For roll coatings, the slope angle is provided in the range of 5–25 °, piece - at least 15 °, and overall roofing materials such as metal tiles and slate are laid on roofs with a slope of 25 ° or more.
- From the presence of an attic room. Here, it is especially necessary to accurately calculate the angle of inclination so as not to underestimate the usable area and, conversely, not to overestimate it and get unused space under the ridge. The optimum angle of inclination is 38–45°. With a slope of less than 30 °, it is better to make an attic.
An increase in the angle of inclination of the roof means an increase in the length of the rafters and the area of the rafter system. That is, a greater consumption of materials and more expensive construction.
Video: finished four-pitched roof - overview
Chalet roofs
Distinctive properties of chalet structures are high reliability, the use of exclusively natural materials and large sizes.
Chalet roofs feature large overhangs
You need to understand right away that such a roof cannot be cheap. This is a wide gable structure, most often wooden, with large overhangs, powerful rafters and roof beams, protruding 1.5–3 m beyond the surface of the walls. In addition, it is gently sloping, with a wide opening angle and a small distance to the ground. As a result, the drain under such a roof is not mounted. Thanks to this structure, she showed herself perfectly in the most extreme conditions.
Massive wooden beams supporting the roof attract attention - the design looks unusual and tempting
Advantages of a chalet roof:
Although the roof of the chalet looks impressive and heavy, it does not create particularly strong pressure on the foundation.
Therefore, this design is well suited to low-rise buildings with a shallow base and it is easy to do it on your own. It is only necessary to observe the traditional size of the slopes. The easiest way to arrange a chalet:
- Attach a strapping to the ends of the beams, which will hold the bottom row of roofing.
The rafters are taken out far beyond the walls - this is the peculiarity of chalet-style roofs
- Consoles are installed on the side walls. They perform a supporting function and, moreover, decorative.
For chalet-style roofs, powerful consoles are installed along the perimeter of the side walls to support the rafters.
The architectural feature of the house in the style of a chalet is a roof that hangs heavily over the walls, which gives the appearance of the house an extraordinary beauty.
Chalet style is a brand that has passed through time and won the hearts of many today's homeowners.
Video: chalet-style houses and roofs
hip roof
The key features of hip roofs are the presence of dormer and dormers. They provide natural ventilation of the under-roof space and a high level of illumination. However, you need to understand that with equal house sizes, the area of \u200b\u200bthe hip structure will be larger than the area of \u200b\u200bthe gable roof - construction will cost more, but the result is much more effective than the gable version.
If we compare the varieties of roofs of one-story houses, then buildings with a hip roof are among the first - even small-sized houses under a hip roof look much more expensive and more spectacular than the gable version
The most common options for hip roofs:
- half-hipped (Dutch) construction - built on the principle of a broken attic, with the only difference being that the lower half-hipped roof has 4 slopes;
The hip roof may have hanging or layered rafters.
Advantages of a hip roof:
- has a rigid structure, therefore its deformation is unlikely;
- resists gusty winds well;
- large eaves protect the foundation and walls from flooding and are often used as canopies over terraces;
- visually makes the facade of the attic house lower.
Disadvantages of the hip design:
- complexity and high cost;
- reduction of the attic space, which is especially inconvenient if you want to equip the attic;
- dormer and dormer windows, on the one hand, provide additional lighting, and on the other hand, in case of insufficient tightness, they are able to pass moisture.
The hip roof for one-story houses has become a kind of standard, especially in the steppe, forest-steppe zones and hilly areas with an abundance of strong winds.
Sometimes the design with a bay window is deliberately increased to the second floor, but the roof of the extension with a hip roof of the house is not broken.
This version of the roof will cost a lot, but it will last for decades, perfectly protecting the house from natural negatives.
Video: metal hip roof
Multi-gable roofs
In recent years, multi-gable structures crowning one-story buildings have become increasingly common. The difference between such roofs is the complexity of their construction, which entails decent financial costs, but houses with multi-gable roofs look graceful and eccentric.
Among the variety of roofs, the multi-gable roof is considered the most complex and expensive design, but this does not stop those who want to decorate their home with a graceful impressive roof.
Any configurations and sizes of buildings are suitable for the multi-gable option, however, it is easier to build such roofs on rectangular and square buildings.
Video: rooftops
Multi-gable roofs are made not only to protect the building from bad weather, but also for their beauty, original catchy design. Often, such structures are used as part of combined complex roofs, for example, they are installed in attics to get additional lighting.
Such a roof requires a lot of effort and effort, but it will greatly decorate a private house, make it stunningly attractive in appearance.
Multi-gable roofs are gable or multi-pitched with various slopes. The latter create a cruciform shape on the surface of the house.
Advantages of multi-gable roofs:
- strength, reliability and long service life;
- volume and beauty due to increased design potentials;
- additional living space, well lit and ventilated.
The disadvantages include:
Before creating a multi-gable roof, you should initially calculate your own financial capabilities, since this design is the most expensive.
Video: house roof device - what you need to know
It is impossible to predict in advance which type of roof will suit a particular house, just as there is no universal project. Developers put forward their own requirements, desires and preferences. We can only say that when designing a roof yourself, look at all the options. Consider the nuances in order to choose a solid, aesthetic and stylish roof in proportion to your capabilities.
