The design of door locks: diagrams and design features. How does an interior door lock work? What does a door lock consist of?

The door lock device must be reliable to protect against burglary and unauthorized entry into the premises. The level of security depends on the type of lock and the secret mechanism that provides security.

Types of door locks

Depending on the design, the lock can be:

The body of the mortise lock is built into door leaf fully. Such a device has a sufficient level of home protection against burglary and penetration. The invoice is attached to the door leaf from above or can be partially recessed into it. The hinged locking mechanism may have different size and design. It consists of a cylindrical arch and a body with a secret and comes in:

small;
average;
big.

The choice of a mortise, rim or padlock depends on which door it will be installed on.

All mechanical locks have the following components:

a housing that hides the secret lock mechanism;
bolt or bolt;
core (cylinder mechanism) into which the key is inserted.

Inside the cylinder there is a secret lock mechanism, which differs depending on its type.

The locking mechanism of a plastic, metal or wooden entrance door can be cylindrical, lever-less or lever-type. In addition, there are also combination locks, screw locks, with ciphers and locking mechanisms on interior doors. Thus, there are a lot of devices to ensure safety and peace of mind. In order to have an idea about the features and design of each of them, we will consider all these types of locks in more detail.

Cylinder lock device

The cylinder lock is opened with a small key that has teeth on one side different shapes and size.

A cylinder lock can be mortise or padlock and have the following components:

top and bottom pins;
spiral springs that activate them and return them to their original state after removing the key from the cylinder.

The cylinder locking mechanism rotates, driving the bolt, only when the pins are flush with the surface of the cylinder. This is achieved if “your own” key is inserted into the key groove, which allows you to assemble them into in the right position. If you insert a “foreign” key into the cylinder mechanism, the pins inside will be positioned incorrectly, which will not allow you to turn it and open the lock.

The design of the cylinder door lock can be single or double. Single mechanisms are used in door locks which can only be opened from the outside with a key. Double ones are designed for those locks that are controlled by a key on both sides.

Lever lock mechanism

The lever lock is considered one of the most reliable among all locking devices for entrance plastic, metal or wooden door. Its secret lies in a group of plates or levers that have cutouts various shapes. Each of them corresponds to the protrusions and recesses on the key, which allow you to assemble the plates in the desired way and open the lock.

The reliability of a lever lock depends on the number of levers. Each individual option for placing level plates that differ along the contour is called a series. By increasing the number of levers with different locations of protrusions and depressions, you can increase the number of series. For a lock with three plates it is 6. For four-lever locks, a set of plates gives, respectively, 24 different series. In locks that have two rows of levers, the number of series reaches up to 150. Double-bit keys are used to open them.

The principle of operation of a lever lock is similar to a cylindrical one, only the role of pins in it is played by steel plates. To increase security, to make it more difficult to assemble the plates and to make it difficult to open the lock with a random key, the lever cutouts are made various sizes, and the plates themselves are of different thicknesses.

Bessuvaldny castle

The structure of a leverless lock is characterized by only one plate, so this lock is considered the most unreliable. Therefore, experts recommend installing it on internal doors.

The secrecy of lever-less locking devices is provided by the configuration of the shape of the key slot. In addition, on the base of the lock, opposite the key slot, there are barrier plates or annular projections. They are made in the form of concentric circles, to bypass which special slots are made along and across the grooves of the keys.

Code lock

The combination lock can be electronic or mechanical. For an electronic device, a prerequisite for operation is a connection to an electrical network or an autonomous power source. Mechanical is easy to install and use. In addition, it is easy to reprogram if necessary.

The combination lock circuit is a bolt that is activated when the required combination of numbers is pressed in the case of a mechanical operating principle of the device. For electronic locks, you need to enter a secret combination or use a magnetic key.

Electronic devices are more reliable than mechanical ones and are widely used on entrance doors to offices, buildings and residential apartment buildings.

Locks on interior doors

The lock can be installed not only on the entrance, but also on interior door. However, it is difficult to call them full-fledged locking devices, because any lock must have a secret that provides at least minimal protection. But locks on interior doors do not have such a secret. They include the following components:

handles and external decorative trims;
crossbar driven by a handle;
locking mechanism.

The lock cylinder on an interior door has no internal structure. Through it you can get to the internal latch and unlock the mechanism connected to the handle and preventing the door from opening freely.

Knowing what locks are made of and having an idea of their operating principle, you can more confidently choose a locking device on which your safety and the safety of your personal property depend.

There are dwellings on our planet whose inhabitants do not lock the door. We do not belong to this category. For us door lock- a reliable defender designed to protect the house from unwanted intrusions. There are door locks different types, let's try to figure out how they differ and how they work.

Based on the type of installation, door locks are divided into three types:

Invoices. The simplest option. It is easy to change the padlock yourself, because it is attached to the top of the door leaf. The kit also includes a metal jamb attachment, but the handle usually does not. Rim locks cannot be called reliable option.
Mortise locks. They are placed inside the door leaf, both entrance and interior. Most modern castles can now be classified as this type.
Built-in. Option for metal door. The lock acts as a direct part of the door leaf, that is, the door is sold with a closing mechanism.

Whatever the door lock, its structure includes the following parts:

pen;
halyard tongue;
retractable crossbars;
overlay panel;
a secret mechanism, which is also commonly called the larva.

We emphasize that the reliability of the lock will depend on the cylinder. The more combinations of the secret mechanism available, the more difficult it will be to pick the lock. Some modern models Locks cannot be opened with a master key at all; their level of secrecy implies opening exclusively with a native key.

So, the larva is the mechanism that blocks the structure in doorway, preventing unwanted guests from entering the premises. Based on the type of secret mechanism, it is customary to distinguish the following types of locks:

Cylinder locks. Familiar to everyone and enough simple products. The secret part is in main part, which is shaped like a cylinder, which gives this type of lock its name. In this case, there are pins inside the cylinder; they block the mechanism when the lock is closed. On the key in mandatory there should be notches that fit the pins and help move them out of place. Such castles are also often called English.
Disk. Experts consider such locks unreliable. Inside the lock there are disks that are moved with a special key, which looks like a rod cut in half with notches. The key moves the discs, they rotate, a tunnel is formed and the door opens. Such disk locks used to be often installed on iron doors entrances, but now this option is becoming a thing of the past.
Cross locks. As the name implies, the larva is cross-shaped, and the same key is attached to it. It is noteworthy that the degree of secrecy of cross locks is quite high - no less than 20 thousand combinations. However, such a device can be hacked even with an ordinary Phillips screwdriver, and the secret mechanism itself is attached to the lock body with only two screws and is not protected by an armored pad.
Deadbolt locks. WITH german word“crossbar” is translated as “bolt or bolt.” This is the principle of operation of this type of device - the key pushes or pushes a special metal bolt inside the lock, that is, the deadbolt. WITH reverse side deadbolt locks are equipped with a latch.

Level locks. Experts call them the most reliable option. Inside the lock mechanism there are plates - levers. The special key is shaped like a soldier or a butterfly. When you turn the key, the levers are raised to the level specified by the coding. The security of the lock can exceed 5 million combinations. The disadvantage can be called enough big hole for a key, but the work of a burglar can be hampered by a protective lever and false grooves.
Code locks. In this case, instead of a key, a secret set of numbers is used, the entry of which opens the device.

All types of locks listed by us are mechanical type. However, door locks can also be electromechanical. In this case, the deadbolt will be powered by an electric motor. Such locks are not widely used in everyday life; they are more often used in massive bank safes, where it is too difficult to close the bolt manually.

IN electromagnetic locks A magnet acts as a locking mechanism. To the most modern options refers to an electronic lock, which has the following features:

there is a built-in controller;
you can use indoor or outdoor options;
opens with a key fob or contactless card;
protected from vandals.

In addition, electronic locks can simply be connected to an alarm system or complex “ smart home" It is impossible to open the electronic lock using conventional methods; there is no keyhole. You will have to use methods such as signal interception or code selection. Well, or break down the entire front door, saw through the metal rods locking the entrance, that is, use harsh force methods.

Main disadvantage electronic lock— it is strictly tied to the energy supply. Simply - there is no light - the door does not lock. You either have to provide backup source power supply, or additionally install a mechanical lock in case of a power outage.

As you can see, the choice of modern locks is very large, and the price, of course, will depend on the degree of reliability, the metal used, and the manufacturer. Let us clarify that our article concerned locks for entrance doors, interior doors have their own characteristics; far fewer requirements are put forward for them in terms of reliability.

With the construction of housing and the emergence of stratification in society based on property, the need arose to lock houses and protect their private property. Almost none left globe places where people don't use it. Over a long period of time, locking devices door frame, have been modified. Manufacturers sought to make the lock more reliable, improving its quality. However, the function of the door lock remained the same - it is to lock doors and preserve property. Door locks are also installed on interior doors.

The main function of a door lock is to lock doors and protect your home.

Types of door locks

All locking devices include:

fixing device;
a special locking box made of metal;
valve;
key for moving the bolt.

Its purpose depends on the design of the door lock. The method of attaching locking mechanisms to the door device divides them into:

mortise, they are installed inside;
invoices are fixed on the inside of the doors.

It is necessary to remember that door locks and mortise locks are made for “left” and “right” doors; it is not recommended to turn them over when installing them. This may contribute to their abnormal functioning.

Mortise lock device.

There are universal door locks in which it is possible to switch from the left to the right door, and vice versa. This can be done by rearranging the deadbolt or latch. This operation is carried out without disassembling the entire lock.

An interesting type of overhead door lock is the beam lock. It has two bolts. They move horizontally across the entire width of the door. This lock also protects the door from the side where the hinges are located.

The mortise type of door locks is more difficult to install, hence there is a high probability that the quality installation. The place of the door leaf where they are inserted is thoroughly weakened. And its closer location to the outer surface makes the doors more accessible to a burglar. We must pay tribute to mortise locks, which are less visible and more convenient to use.

Overhead door locks do not have the same disadvantages as mortise door locks. They are easier to install; they do not reduce the strength at the installation sites. Overhead locks work great on doors that open inward. This type of door lock perfectly protects against attacks from the outside, but it is not a hindrance to a burglar inside the room. The disadvantage of rim locks is the change appearance doors for the worse.

Door lock diagram.

Nowadays they make door locks with multiple deadbolts. They are called multi-point locks. A reliable locking system is one whose bolts (crossbars) are distributed as far as possible longer length the end of the door.

The most well-known door lock mechanism is the mortise lock. It includes:

frame;
front plank part;
drive lever;
main action deadbolt;
bolt with a special latch.

Regardless of what kind of fastening to the doors, the adaptation of the current locking mechanisms contains two components:

secret, with its help the key to the lock is recognized;
the actuator performs the locking.

Types of secrets

Mechanical secretions are manufactured in various versions:

In the shape of a cylinder. The basis is a special part - a cylinder. In the middle there are pins - elements that prevent the lock from being picked. This type of castle is called an English castle. It is the most common.
Coded. It opens when you enter the key by typing the required numbers.
Suvaldny. Finding several teeth on the key that determine the number of levers.
Electronic. It is created on a drive built inside.

Types of actuators

Cylinder type lock: 1 - cylinder mechanism body, 2 - cylinder (core) with a code mechanism, 3 - key hole, 4 - code pins (pins), 5 - locking pins (pins), 6 - leash/cam, 7 - mounting hole, 8 - spring, 9 - key, 10 - separation line between the body and the cylinder.

There are several systems that are used as an actuator. This:

mechanical, when the closure is performed with a metal rod that fits into a special groove;
electromechanical, there is a deadbolt with an electric drive;
electromagnetic, the locking mechanism is a magnet.

The reliability of the locking system of a lever door lock depends on the number of plates. Their more contributes to more reliable protection of the premises.

This type of lock system consists of the following elements:

the bolt is the transverse mechanism of the bolt;
lever - a metal plate;
specially designed hole for a key.

This system operates on the principle that all plates occupy the established positions; only in this case can the key be turned. The plates are placed under the influence of the teeth of the key in clearly designated positions. This allows the key and door lock mechanism to be turned. But if at least one of the plates is not in its intended groove, then the entire device will not work. That is, the key is the lock code.

Such door locks are quite difficult to open using force. Level door locks have long term operation and high degree reliability. The advantages include their high secrecy and simplicity of design. If all assembly rules and safety standards are observed, such a lock is difficult to crack.

Structure of a cylinder lock system

Level lock diagram.

The cylinder locking mechanism can be applied or mortise. It has a secret device in the middle. These door locks are manufactured:

one-sided, they can be opened with a key on only one side;
double-sided, these locks have two cylinders and inside won't open without a key.

In order to close a home with such a lock, it is necessary to perform certain actions: a key is inserted into a hole that has a limited protrusion. This hole is in a cylinder, part of which always turns, but will only do so when the proper key is inserted. The rest of the device will remain motionless - this is the body. The executive device is the pins. They serve to lift the key. Their position will determine whether the constipation is open or closed.

The door lock will open only when all coded elements are completely aligned.

Interior door locking system

Scheme of the lock design of an interior door with dimensions.

In some cases, it is necessary to close the door between rooms, and then they opt for a special original lock built into the door. It includes:

turning plate;
gate;
spring;
lever for holding;
latch;
housing cover.

Over the years, people have developed the habit of locking it with special door locks when leaving home. They were once very simple. In our time, the use of computer technology has led to the emergence of invisible locks. They do an excellent job of protecting your home from burglary. If the door locks are simple and inexpensive, then it is not difficult to drill and knock them out. The lock structure hidden in the door operates exclusively from the radio frequencies of a special key fob.

From this we can conclude that the best solution would be to purchase one high-quality constipation device. Can be combined in one locking system different types door locks, this will make it more difficult for burglars. It must be remembered that when choosing, you must carefully examine such a design for all sorts of flaws so that it does not fail at the right time.

There are dwellings on our planet whose inhabitants do not lock the door. We do not belong to this category. For us, a door lock is a reliable protector designed to protect the house from unwanted intrusions. There are different types of door locks, let's try to figure out how they differ and how they work.

Based on the type of installation, door locks are divided into three types:

Invoices. The simplest option. It is easy to change the padlock yourself, because it is attached to the top of the door leaf. The kit also includes a metal jamb attachment, but the handle usually does not. Overhead locks cannot be called a reliable option.
Mortise locks. They are placed inside the door leaf, both entrance and interior. Most modern castles can now be classified as this type.
Built-in. Option for a metal door. The lock acts as a direct part of the door leaf, that is, the door is sold with a closing mechanism.

Whatever the door lock, its structure includes the following parts:

pen;
halyard tongue;
retractable crossbars;
overlay panel;
a secret mechanism, which is also commonly called the larva.

We emphasize that the reliability of the lock will depend on the cylinder. The more combinations of the secret mechanism available, the more difficult it will be to pick the lock. Some modern models of locks cannot be opened with a master key at all; their level of secrecy implies opening only with the original key.

So, the larva is the mechanism that blocks the structure in the doorway, preventing unwanted guests from entering the room. Based on the type of secret mechanism, it is customary to distinguish the following types of locks:

Cylinder locks. Familiar and fairly simple products. The secret part is located in the main part, which is shaped like a cylinder, which gives this type of lock its name. In this case, there are pins inside the cylinder; they block the mechanism when the lock is closed. The key must have notches that fit the pins and help move them out of place. Such castles are also often called English.
Disk. Experts consider such locks unreliable. Inside the lock there are disks that are moved with a special key, which looks like a rod cut in half with notches. The key moves the discs, they rotate, a tunnel is formed and the door opens. Such disc locks used to be often installed on iron entrance doors, but now this option is becoming a thing of the past.
Cross locks. As the name implies, the larva is cross-shaped, and the same key is attached to it. It is noteworthy that the degree of secrecy of cross locks is quite high - no less than 20 thousand combinations. However, such a device can be hacked even with an ordinary Phillips screwdriver, and the secret mechanism itself is attached to the lock body with only two screws and is not protected by an armored pad.
Deadbolt locks. From German the word “crossbar” is translated as “bolt or bolt.” This is the principle of operation of this type of device - the key pushes or pushes a special metal bolt inside the lock, that is, the deadbolt. On the reverse side, deadbolt locks are equipped with a latch.

Level locks. Experts call them the most reliable option. Inside the lock mechanism there are plates - levers. The special key is shaped like a soldier or a butterfly. When you turn the key, the levers are raised to the level specified by the coding. The security of the lock can exceed 5 million combinations. The downside is that the hole for the key is quite large, but the security lever and false grooves can make the job of a burglar more difficult.
Code locks. In this case, instead of a key, a secret set of numbers is used, the entry of which opens the device.

All types of locks listed by us are of the mechanical type. However, door locks can also be electromechanical. In this case, the deadbolt will be powered by an electric motor. Such locks are not widely used in everyday life; they are more often used in massive bank safes, where it is too difficult to close the bolt manually.

In electromagnetic locks, a magnet acts as a locking mechanism. The most modern options include an electronic lock, which has the following features:

there is a built-in controller;
you can use indoor or outdoor options;
opens with a key fob or contactless card;
protected from vandals.

In addition, electronic locks can be easily connected to an alarm system or smart home complex. It is impossible to open the electronic lock using conventional methods; there is no keyhole. You will have to use methods such as signal interception or code selection. Well, or break down the entire front door, saw through the metal rods locking the entrance, that is, use harsh force methods.

The main disadvantage of an electronic lock is that it is strictly tied to the power supply. Simply - there is no light - the door does not lock. You have to either provide a backup power source or additionally install a mechanical lock in case of a power outage.

As you can see, the choice of modern locks is very large, and the price, of course, will depend on the degree of reliability, the metal used, and the manufacturer. Let us clarify that our article concerned locks for entrance doors; interior doors have their own characteristics; far fewer requirements are put forward for them in terms of reliability.

Sections of the article:

One of the most common types of crimes is burglary. It is for this reason that any owner strives to maximally protect his home and the property in it from criminal attacks by installing a metal entrance door. But even the strongest door does not guarantee security without installing a reliable lock. The types of locks that are installed for entrance doors largely determine the convenience and safety of their subsequent operation.

Principle of choosing locks

When choosing a lock for entrance doors, you should be guided by the following considerations:

Better buy one good castle than two bad ones;
A pair of secure locks is always better than one;
A low-quality lock can cause problems with opening the door for the owner of the house;
It is best to install locks at the same time various types(level and cylinder).

If you adhere to these simple rules, you can make your home virtually impregnable from attacks by intruders, preserve your property and save the nerves of yourself and your family members.

Types of locks

Depending on the type of locking mechanism, there are the following types of locks:

Level - mortise or external;
Cylinder - overhead or mortise;
Smartlocks.

Each of these types has its own advantages and disadvantages, and the choice of lock depends not only and not so much on its reliability and resistance to burglary, but also on the personal preferences and financial capabilities of the home owner.

Level locks

Locks of this type are considered the most reliable, which is recognized by apartment owners, door installers, and the criminals themselves.

The popularity of lever locks is largely due to the specificity and reliability of their mechanism. Some experts also call lever-type locks “safe”, since they are often used in banks and other financial institutions, in cabinets for storing securities.

Device

The reliability of lever locks is determined by the number of installed “level levers” - special parts that lock the lock when the key is turned. The more levers are installed, the more reliable the lock is considered.

As a rule, the maximum guarantee of reliability when trying to break into doors with a regular master key is provided by the presence of at least 6-8 levers in the lock.

Disadvantages of lever locks

First of all, the disadvantages include the rather large dimensions of the lock, but when purchasing, you can always get advice from sellers who will select a lock in accordance with the size of the door.

Due to their impressive dimensions, keys for lever locks also boast by no means small sizes. They have many grooves that can damage items of clothing when worn in pockets. But this drawback is easily eliminated by purchasing a special case for keys, the so-called “key holder”.

Another disadvantage is the width of the keyhole, which can be easily penetrated with a master key, crowbar or other force-breaking tool. Of course, most lever-type locks are equipped with special mechanisms that, if not protect, then at least complicate the breaking process as much as possible, for example:

False grooves in levers;
Protection against forceful hacking;
A system for identifying original keys and master keys.

Cylinder locks

Cylinder locks, despite their apparent simplicity of design, can become quite a serious obstacle for a burglar and provide reliable protection against unauthorized access to your home.

Locks of this type are divided into mortise and overhead.

Device

The design of the lock is a mechanism that consists of a cylinder, a cylinder (“core”) and a lever mechanism, which allows us to consider it quite reliable.

Such locks can be single- or double-sided, as well as single- or double-row.

Installation Features

Installation cylinder lock begins with drilling a special hole in the door to insert a locking mechanism into it. It is important to know that the larva must be closed steel sheet in order to exclude its protrusion above the surface of the door leaf by more than 2-3 mm, which significantly reduces the likelihood of it being pryed and twisted when attempting to break in.

At the same time, there is a possibility of drilling the core and knocking it out. It is for such cases that the design of many door models includes a special plate - an armored lining that is installed on the outside of the door leaf and covers the outer part of the lock.

A distinctive feature of good and reliable locks is that the core is made of high-quality and durable metal.

Recode locks

Reciprocatable door locks, which can be either lever or cylinder types, deserve special mention.

If the key is lost, then the recodeable lever lock does not need to be completely changed. The kit includes a special L-key tool, with which the mechanism is recoded. The lock code is completely canceled using this tool, and a new one is set using an additional set of keys, also included with the lock.

"Smart" locks - smartlocks

This type of lock differs from others in that in addition to the mechanical part, it also contains an electronic one. Smartlocks can be of two types - mortise and external.

The operating principle of smartlocks is as follows. The digital display included in the lock design (very similar to an intercom) contains numbers from 0 to 9, and the lock itself is coded by entering and remembering a certain combination.

Entering the correct combination of numbers does not mean opening the doors - plus, you also need to have a physical key. If the wrong combination is entered, then the door will no longer be able to be opened with a physical key. After the battery included in the lock is discharged, the door can be opened with one physical key.

In more expensive and cutting-edge models of smartlocks, systems for recognizing the owner’s fingerprints or his retina are installed; the door can be opened using a special magnetic card, and so on.

Smartlocks are distinguished by the highest functionality and reliability, combined with high cost, and therefore many owners simply cannot afford them.

Types of locks for installation

Depending on the location of installation, locks are divided into overhead and mortise.

Mortise locks are the most common. The method of installing such locks is clear from the name itself - they cut into the door, and therefore when choosing them it is necessary to take into account the width of the door leaf and the dimensions of the lock block provided by the door design.

At correct installation With proper care and careful use, a mortise lock can last a long period of time and provide reliable protection of your home from criminal attacks.

Overhead locks

In another way, such locks are also called box locks because of their geometric shape. The lock is placed on the door leaf or (in rare cases) inserted into a groove specially made for this purpose. Often, rim locks are installed in pairs with mortise locks and serve as an additional security measure.

Many people believe that rim locks are significantly inferior in reliability to mortise locks. But this is not true at all. Installation of the lock by a professional and the presence of all the necessary bushings for fastening in the door allow us to speak about the high reliability of rim locks.

Rim locks come complete with a chain and a pawl, which further enhances security measures.

Resistance of locks to burglary

An equally important characteristic of the lock is its burglary resistance, according to which there is a clear classification into 4 classes:

Class 1 locks have extremely low resistance to burglary and serve rather as a structure that limits access to a certain room by random unauthorized persons;
Class 2 locks are capable of detaining an intruder on the threshold of an apartment for several minutes;
Class 3 locks force the criminal to tinker with the door for about 20 minutes;
Class 4 locks are the most reliable, but they still give in to a professional burglar.

Of course, there are no absolutely reliable locks that cannot be broken. Sooner or later, any door will succumb to the pressure and cunning of an attacker who has experience, high qualifications and the necessary set of specific tools.

Having found out what types of locks there are for entrance doors, having weighed all the pros and cons of each type, it would be a good idea to familiarize yourself with some recommendations on how to make your own home safe:

The door frame must be installed without gaps;
At least two locks should be installed on the door, differing in the type of mechanism;
When installing a lock, armored linings are not a luxury, but an additional and quite effective security measure;
You should not try to save on security and install locks on the front door yourself - it is better to entrust this task to a real professional.

It is always necessary to remember and understand that the safety of the home and the people living in it, the safety of household property primarily depends on the degree of responsibility when choosing and installing locks. The right choice good and high-quality locking devices will, if not guarantee, then at least minimize the likelihood of an attacker’s success.

Also, such safety measures as installation burglar alarm, guard dog and other methods.