Description of the Caucasian cherry variety. Caucasian Varieties of different ripening periods

Sweet cherry, or bird cherry, is one of the most ancient and beloved by gardeners. fruit trees, having a very small distribution region, limited to areas southern Europe from temperate climate, Asia Minor and the Caucasus. It is quite demanding in care, but it grows very quickly and begins to bear fruit early. The fruits ripen at the very beginning of the season (May - June) and are distinguished not only by their wonderful taste, but also by a rich set of vitamins, organic acids, micro- and macroelements.

As a result of centuries-old selection, which took place spontaneously for a long time, more than 4 thousand varieties of bird cherries were obtained, so it is quite difficult for a novice gardener to navigate such diversity. All existing varieties traditionally divided into early, middle and late. Among them there are self-sterile and self-pollinating varieties, with different resistance to natural vagaries, significantly different in appearance And quality characteristics fruits At the beginning of the last century, Russian scientists began to develop winter-hardy cherries that can withstand the frosts of the middle zone.

Which early varieties are worthy of attention?

Sweet cherries are one of those berries that we can try in late spring by planting one of the early ripening varieties. At proper care Already at the end of May, a vitamin dessert appears on our table and not only pleasantly diversifies the menu, but also helps the body quickly cope with spring vitamin deficiency. Most early-ripening varieties are characterized by increased resistance to return frosts, and the juicy and tender berries are very tasty fresh, but do not tolerate transportation well.

And the way– a productive self-fertile variety, zoned in the Central and Central Black Earth regions. Medium-sized trees have good winter hardiness, especially flower buds, and high resistance to fungal diseases. They form early harvest dark red heart-shaped berries above average in size (up to 10 g), which become almost black when ripe. Tender and juicy, but dense pulp has an excellent moderately sweet taste. The harvest is universal in use.

Ovstuzhenka– self-sterile cherry early date ripening, recommended for cultivation in the central regions. The variety forms compact, low trees that are resistant to winter freezing and return frosts in the spring. High and stable yields of sweet and juicy dark raspberry berries of medium size (up to 6.5 g) and universal use make the variety popular among gardeners. An additional advantage is good immunity to coccomycosis and moniliosis.

Fairy tale- not the most productive self-sterile variety, loved by gardeners for large size(up to 12 g) and excellent commercial qualities of very sweet berries with dense pulp. They do not crack during the rainy season and withstand transportation well. Cherry Skazka is not afraid of winter frosts and has high immunity to most fungal diseases.

Chermashnaya– high productive variety very early ripening, forming medium-sized, winter-hardy trees that are practically free from fungal diseases. Very tender, juicy berries of small weight (up to 4.5 g) and amber color have a sweet, dessert taste with a light refreshing sourness. The fruits are good straight from the branch, but are not suitable for storage, making jam or juice.

Mid-ripening cherries - the best varieties

Typically, medium varieties produce a harvest starting in mid-June. They tolerate return frosts less well, but compared to early cherries they have better marketable fruit qualities.

Annushka– mid-season sweet cherry, recommended for cultivation in the North Caucasus region. The variety forms vigorous trees with a spreading crown and large (up to 10 g) berries of a dark garnet hue. Very decorative, round-shaped fruits are distinguished by an excellent sweet taste of dense and juicy pulp, which is not lost even in unfavorable weather. The plants tolerate winter frosts and summer drought well, but are not resistant enough to fungal diseases and cannot boast high yield.

Adeline– a high-yielding and frost-resistant variety that ripens in the second or third decade of July. Medium-sized trees begin to bear fruit in the fourth year of the growing season, forming medium-sized coral-red berries (up to 6 g) with very tasty, elastic and juicy pulp. The Adelina cherry tree resists quite well such common diseases as moniliosis and coccomycosis, but is not capable of self-pollination (it is self-sterile).

Teremoshka– a self-sterile variety of average winter hardiness, which begins to bear fruit in the fourth year of the growing season. Low, neat trees with a spherical crown resist winter cold and return frosts well, and have a fairly high immunity to fungal diseases. Dark cherry berries of impressive size (up to 7 g) are valued for their excellent honey taste, elastic and juicy pulp, and good transportability.

Donetsk beauty– mid-season sweet cherry, bred by Ukrainian breeders. The variety is valued for its excellent yield, as well as for its beautiful and very tasty berries of impressive size (up to 10 g) and dessert taste, having a noble shade of red wine. In addition to the obvious external advantages, the variety has high immunity to coccomycosis.

Gastinets– a very tasty variety of Belarusian selection, distinguished by excellent tasting qualities of medium-sized amber berries (up to 6 g) with a rich carmine blush. Self-sterile trees of average yield are very decorative during fruiting, resistant to fungal diseases and produce the first harvest already in the third year of development.

The most large-fruited and productive late varieties

At a time when the entire harvest of early cherries has already been eaten and processed, late-ripening varieties begin to bear fruit very opportunely. The berries on such trees ripen towards the end of summer, and the most frost-resistant of them produce a harvest in the last ten days of August.

Exhibition– an incredibly productive variety that ripens in July. Tall trees produce many large (up to 8 g) and very beautiful oval-shaped amber-carmine berries with wonderful taste. Exhibition cherry is distinguished by its increased frost resistance of flower buds, but is not capable of self-pollination. The best pollinators for it are the Recordistka, Cassini rannyaya and Rynochnaya varieties.

Bryansk pink– self-sterile variety late maturing with good yield is valued for its low and compact trees, highly resistant to fungal diseases and winter frosts. The medium-sized (up to 5.5 g) berries of a beautiful light scarlet hue with dense amber pulp are distinguished by their sweetness and juiciness, and in addition, they hardly crack and are perfectly preserved during transportation.

Napoleon- a very old and excellently productive variety of European selection, released in Dagestan at the beginning of the last century. Tall trees delight with large (up to 7 g) almost black berries and a very good, sweet taste of dense pulp, diluted with light sourness. Napoleon cherries are universal in use, resistant to winter frosts and fungal diseases, and have excellent shelf life and transportability.

Regina– self-sterile late cherry, characterized by compact, low trees with very high frost resistance and good yield. Large (up to 10 g) berries of a very beautiful dark garnet color delight with their bright taste and excellent transportability. The fruits are capable of not falling off for a long time after ripening and not cracking during the rainy season. An additional advantage of the variety is its early fruiting: the first harvest ripens already in the third year of the growing season.

Regional preferences

Cherry is a capricious tree that loves warmth and fertile, slightly alkaline or neutral soils. That is why it feels best in the south of Russia and in the Central Black Earth region. However, there are unpretentious and frost-resistant varieties, which can be cultivated even in the Urals and Siberia. With good and proper care, even in these regions experienced gardeners get good harvests delicious berries.

Here are some suggestions for growing in middle zone conditions.

Gronkova– a self-sterile early-ripening variety recommended for cultivation in the central regions. Tall, very productive trees are resistant to winter frosts and damage by pathogenic fungi. In the fourth year of the growing season, they bear fruit for the first time, forming dark scarlet berries of medium weight (up to 4.5 g) with an excellent taste of sweet and juicy pulp. The best pollinators are Zhurba, Krasavitsa, Narodnaya.

Large-fruited– a time-tested variety of early fruiting, not capable of self-pollination. Fast-growing trees of medium height with a compact crown tolerate winter cold and summer drought well, are not afraid of fungal diseases, and are especially resistant to moniliosis. Very large (up to 12 g) pomegranate-colored berries delight with a very rich taste of dense and sweet pulp. Varieties for pollination - Surprise or Francis.

Revna– a late-ripening, self-sterile variety that forms rapidly growing trees of medium height. The fruits are impressive in size (up to 7.7 g), have a wide-round shape and a dark cherry, almost black, color. The dense pulp has an excellent sweet taste and juiciness. Revna cherries tolerate frost well and are not afraid of fungal diseases. The best pollinators are Ovstuzhevka, Raditsa, Iput, Compact.

Fatezh– self-sterile, productive variety with mid-early fruiting. Low trees with a compact, spherical crown produce elegant berries small size(up to 4.6 g), amber in color with a scarlet blush. The sweet and sour pulp has a pleasant, dense structure. Sweet cherries are resistant to the most dangerous fungal diseases and tolerate frost well. The varieties Chermashnaya and Iput are suitable for pollination.

For regions of southern Russia and the Black Earth Region the choice of varieties is much larger. The best representatives are Ariadna, Poetry, Orlovskaya pink.

Poetry– high-yielding mid-ripening sweet cherry, forming low self-fertile trees with a raised pyramidal crown. Amber-scarlet berries for dessert use and medium size (up to 5.6 g) are distinguished by the excellent taste of sweet, dense pulp with refreshingly sour notes. The variety has sufficient winter hardiness, which is quite suitable for the mild climate of southern Russia. Immunity to fungal diseases is quite high.

Ariadne– an early ripening variety with high and stable yield. Vigorous trees produce impressive (up to 5.4 g) and very tasty fruits. Dark pomegranate berries are distinguished by the excellent sweet taste of their dense and juicy pulp. Ariadne cherries have practically no drawbacks, since they are not only tasty and productive, but also frost-resistant and do not get sick at all.

Orlovskaya pink– a mid-ripening and high-yielding variety that forms medium-sized and frost-resistant trees. Small (up to 4.0 g) yellow fruits with a scarlet blush have a sweet, slightly sour, dessert taste of juicy, medium-dense pulp. Cherry is characterized by good early fruiting (fruiting in the third year) and is relatively resistant to fungal diseases, but is self-sterile.

Rechitsa– self-sterile sweet cherry of medium ripening with good yield. Fast-growing trees of medium height with a spreading crown are distinguished by excellent frost resistance and high immunity to fungal diseases. Large (up to 5.8 g) almost black fruits have a remarkably sweet taste of juicy pulp. The best pollinators are Ovstuzhenka, Odrinka, Iput.

For the regions of the Urals and Siberia With their harsh winters, such a parameter of trees as frost resistance is especially important, which should largely relate to flower buds. In addition, sharp fluctuations in day and night temperatures, especially at the end of winter, often lead to burns of skeletal branches and trunks. All these features were taken into account by the breeders who received such winter-hardy varieties, like Tyutchevka, Odrinka, Veda, Bryanochka.

Tyutchevka– a late-ripening, highly productive variety, partially capable of self-pollination. Medium-sized trees and flower buds have good winter hardiness. Dark pomegranate fruits of impressive size (up to 7.4 g) are distinguished by the excellent taste of dense, sweet and juicy pulp. They are well stored and transported. Cherry is practically not affected by moniliosis and is quite rarely susceptible to other fungal diseases.

Odrinka– self-sterile cherries of medium late ripening form low trees with a pyramidal crown, which practically do not get sick, have high winter hardiness and are not afraid of sunburn. Flower buds also tolerate frost well. Very large (up to 7.4 g) and remarkably sweet fruits of a dark crimson color with elastic and juicy pulp have a universal area of application. The most suitable varieties for pollination - Rechitsa, Revna, Ovstuzhenka.

Bryanochka– self-sterile late variety, characterized by high winter hardiness and productivity. On medium-sized trees, very elegant and impressive (up to 7.1 g) fruits of a dark beet color ripen. Their remarkably tasty pulp is juicy and high content Sahara. Sweet cherries have high immunity to coccomycosis and good immunity to other fungal diseases. Pollinator varieties – Veda, Iput and Tyutchevka.

Veda– frost-resistant table variety late maturation. Medium-sized trees are characterized by high productivity, forming large (up to 7.0 g), juicy and very tasty berries of a dark cherry color. Veda cherry has increased immunity to coccomycosis and other fungal infections and is not capable of self-pollination. The best partner varieties are Tyutchevka, Revna, Bryanochka, Iput.

Fruit medium size (6.0-6.5 g), maximum fruit weight reaches 7.5 g, wide oval (2.4 x 2.3 x 2.1), small funnel, almost without indentation, rounded apex, dark top color - red, dark red flesh, medium density, juicy. The juice is dark red, bright. The stone is oval (0.2 g), light beige, the top and base are round, freely separated from the pulp. peduncle medium length and thickness, separates well from the fruit, the separation is dry.

Fruit attractive, shiny, smooth, with high taste qualities (tasting score 4.8 points) and resistant to cracking. The transportability of the fruit is very good, the purpose is universal, suitable for dessert consumption in fresh And various types technical processing.

Belongs to the group of early flowering varieties; the fruits ripen in the mid-early period - in early June (June 1-7). It begins to bear fruit at the age of 5 years. Self-sterile. Productivity is high, in favorable years, during the period of full fruiting reaches over 60 kg/tree. – 12.5 t/ha (8 x 6 planting pattern).

Shows high winter hardiness in extreme winter conditions, spring frosts stability is average. Drought resistance is sufficient. The variety is practically resistant to major fungal diseases and is slightly susceptible to coccomycosis. Aphids are only slightly affected; cherry fly damage was not observed.

Advantages: marketability and high quality of fruits, resistance to major diseases, high productivity.

Flaws: insufficient resistance to spring frosts.

Additional information

Fruit ripening period: early summer
Fruit size: medium
Fruit shape: round
Fruit color: dark red
Flesh color: red
Fruit taste: sweet
Keeping quality: high
Winter hardiness: high
Peculiarities: marketability and high quality of fruits, resistance to major diseases, high productivity.
Age of seedlings: annuals
Rootstock: steppe cherry
Crown type: classic
Retail price: 200 rub
Wholesale price: from 120 rub.

The variety was created at the North Caucasus Zonal Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture (Krasnodar) from pollination of the Napoleon white cherry variety with pollen from the Anadolskaya cherry variety. Authors: M.A. Kolesnikov, E.M. Alekhina. Zoned and approved for industrial use in the North Caucasus region since 1987. The main variety of medium-early ripening in Krasnodar region.

Tree fast-growing, medium-sized with a wide-oval, medium-density and foliage crown. The annual shoot is light brown with a green color and a gray coating. Buds are of medium size, generative oval, elongated, vegetative - cone-shaped. The leaf is oval and narrowly oval (15.0 x 6.8), medium in size, dark green in color without anthocyanin, the apex is strongly pointed, the base is acute or broadly wedge-shaped, the serration is double-edged, the leaf blade is flat, matte, with slight pubescence on the lower surface. The petiole is medium long and thick, with anthocyanin coloring along the entire length, the glands are well colored, located 2-3 per petiole. The flowers are collected in inflorescences of 2-3, above average in size, saucer-shaped, the petals are round, freely arranged, pink, the color intensifies as they bloom. The stamens are short and medium-sized, the pistil is long (1.8 cm) located above the anthers. The calyx is goblet-shaped with even sepals. Fruits on bouquet branches (up to 82%) and the base of growth shoots.

Fruit medium size (6.0-6.5 g), maximum fruit weight reaches 7.5 g, broadly oval (2.4 x 2.3 x 2.1), small funnel, almost without indentation, rounded apex, dark outer color -red, dark red flesh, medium density, juicy. The juice is dark red, bright. The stone is oval (0.2 g), light beige, the top and base are round, freely separated from the pulp. The peduncle is of medium length and thickness, easily separated from the fruit, the detachment is dry.

The fruits are attractive, shiny, smooth, with high taste values (tasting score 4.8 points) and are resistant to cracking. Contains 17.4% dry matter, 12.0% sugars, 0.6% acids, 11.3 mg/100g ascorbic acid, 38.4 mg/100g of vitamin P. The transportability of the fruit is very good, the purpose is universal, suitable for fresh dessert consumption and various types of technical processing.

Belongs to the group of early flowering varieties; the fruits ripen in the mid-early period - in early June (June 1-7). It begins to bear fruit at the age of 5 years. Self-sterile. The yield is high, in favorable years, during the period of full fruiting it reaches over 60 kg/tree. – 12.5 t/ha (8 x 6 planting pattern).

Shows high winter hardiness in extreme winter conditions; resistance to spring frosts is average. Drought resistance is sufficient. The variety is practically resistant to major fungal diseases and is slightly susceptible to coccomycosis. Aphids are only slightly affected; cherry fly damage was not observed.

Advantages: marketability and high quality of fruits, resistance to major diseases, high productivity.

Flaws: insufficient resistance to spring frosts.

Alyokhina E.M. The prospects of cherry culture in southern zone Russian Federation//Fruit growing and berry growing in Russia, VSTISP, M.-2004.-S. 160-166.

.M. Alekhina,
Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, North Caucasus Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture

Prospects of cherry culture in the southern zone of the Russian Federation

In Russian horticulture there remains a clear disproportion in the production of fruits with an advantage in the fruits of pome crops, in particular apple trees.

IN recent years The demand for the fruits of stone fruits has increased, which predetermines the need for a significant increase in their production.

Taking into account favorable opportunities Krasnodar region for the cultivation of cherries, this crop is becoming increasingly widespread in the south of Russia.

The main areas of cherries are concentrated here, both in agricultural enterprises and in the homestead sector, where the fruits are produced both for local consumption and for supply to the industrial centers of the country.

The main advantage of cherries over most other horticultural crops is the early ripening of the fruits, their highest value, as dietary product, for fresh consumption, and as raw materials for the processing industry.

In recent years, there have been qualitative and quantitative changes in the zoned cherry assortment. Excluded are old ones that have lost their practical application, they were replaced by new generation varieties suitable for modern technologies cultivation, but despite regular updating, the assortment is not without significant shortcomings. The main ones are: the absence of varieties with partial self-fertility, restrained growth and a compact tree crown, few varieties of early and very early ripening with high quality fruits and high adaptive ability. In this regard, the prospects of cherries are inextricably linked with the relevance of further improvement of the assortment.

IN industrial production Adaptive varieties suitable for modern growing technologies are in demand; preference is given to varieties with dark-colored fruits, dense pulp consistency and high marketability.

The material for the study was 200 varieties of cherries of various ecological and geographical groups located at the variety study site in the experimental farm “Central” of the North Caucasus Zonal Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture.

The existing assortment of cherries, recommended for cultivation in the Krasnodar Territory, consists of 12 varieties various terms ripening (Scarlet, Velvet, Hedelfingen, Daibera black, Festive. Francis, French black, Southern, etc.), 50% of which were created at the institute.

Generally favorable climatic conditions are often, however, disrupted by temperature drops in late spring, significant negative temperatures in winter, as well as epiphytotics of fungal diseases with the accumulation of virulent races, which significantly reduces the productivity of most introduced varieties.

Under these conditions, there is a need to create a cherry assortment that is resistant to a complex of stress factors. In the process of developing a model of a new variety, we calculated that new variety, sharply different from the old ones, should include more than 15 useful features that improve it.

Most important requirement is winter hardiness.

Winter hardiness is a complex property of a variety; it includes the following main factors: the ability for early hardening, the manifestation of maximum winter hardiness, resistance to thaws, and the ability to maintain hardening.

Weather conditions in the Krasnodar region over the past 10 years have been replete with late - recurrent frosts, which occurred at the initial or full flowering. Varieties with a late development of generative buds and flowering had an advantage: Velkhatnaya, Alaya, Krasnodarskaya early, Melitopolskaya black, French black, etc.

IN winter period minimum temperature(-32°C) close to the absolute minimum zone (-35°C) was observed in 2002. during a period of deep dormancy and was critical for almost all cherry varieties. In most varieties, the death of fruit buds reached 90-100%. Against the background of severe freezing, varieties created directly in the cultivation zone stood out. The maximum safety of fruit buds (50%) was observed in the varieties bred by the institute Rubinovaya Kubani and Kavkazskaya improved.

The ability of a variety to withstand stress factors largely determines its productivity. A comparative assessment of cherry varieties according to this indicator revealed, first of all, the higher adaptability of varieties of local selection.

Thus, the varieties bred by the institute (Rubinovaya Kubani, Kavkazskaya improved, Poppy, Alaya), in addition to high winter hardiness, are distinguished by more stable yields (Table 1).

Among the varieties introduced from Ukraine with high yields, three varieties were identified: Melitopolskaya Chernaya, Romantika, Dilemma.

Table 1 - Promising varieties of cherries for production orchards (OPH "Central" SKZNIISiV Krasnodar)

Variety	Country of Origin	Productivity, t/ha	Fruit weight, g	Tasting assessment, score	Ripening period	Degree of disease damage, score
Variety	Country of Origin	Productivity, t/ha	Fruit weight, g	Tasting assessment, score	Ripening period	moniliosis	coccomycosis
Caucasian	Russia	8,8	7,5	4,9	early	1,0	1,0
Caucasian improved	Russia	9,8	7,8	4,9	early	0,5	1,0
Kubanskaya	Russia	9,2	8,0	4,7	early	1,0	1,5
Sashenka	Russia	9,0	7,8	4,8	early	0,5	1,5
Morning of Kuban	Russia	9,1	8.0	4,6	early	1,0	1,5
Ruby Kuban	Russia	12,0	7,8	4,7	average	0,5	1,5
South	Russia	8,8	9,2	4,9	average	0.5	0,5
Poppy	Russia	10,8	9,0	4,5	late	0,5	1,5
Alaya	Russia	9,8	8,5	4,8	late	0,5	0,5
Melitopol black	Ukraine	10,0	8,0	4,4	mid-late	0,5	1,5
Romance	Ukraine	9,5	8,5	4,7	late	0,5	1,5
Prestigious	Ukraine	8,0	9,0	4,6	mid-late	0,5	1,5
Dilemma	Ukraine	9,0	8,0	4,5	average	0,5	1.0
Large-fruited	Ukraine	7,8	9,0	4,5	late	1,5	1.5
Francis	Zap. Europe	8,1	7.5	4,5	late	0,5	1,0

The study of the nature of growth and fruiting in cherry varieties indicates a relationship between the number of fruit buds and the number of fruit formations.

The vast majority of cherry varieties studied are characterized by predominant fruiting on bouquet branches. This is especially evident in the following varieties: Daibera black, Rubinovaya Kubani, Alaya, Yuzhnaya, Napoleon black, Napoleon pink, Francis, Melitopol black.

The density of placement of bouquet branches is one of the indicators of the yield of a variety, which must be supplemented by the number of fruit buds on them. In the majority of varieties they are not equivalent in this indicator. One bouquet branch can simultaneously have up to 10 fruit buds and 1-2 growth buds. The average number of fruit buds on a bouquet branch and the density of arrangement determine the potential productivity of the variety.

The varieties Kavkazskaya, Yuzhnaya, Alaya, Rubinovaya Kubani, and Francis were selected with the maximum number of bouquet branches per meter of stem (from 20 to 40). As already noted maximum quantity fruit buds per 1 bouquet branch reaches 10, this number is typical for the varieties Kubanskaya, Yuzhnaya, Rubinvaya Kuban. These varieties also have the highest average values (from 4 to 6.6) in terms of the number of fruit buds.

In the work, certain attention is paid to the selection early ripening varieties. But to date, from the group of early ripening varieties, no varieties have been identified that ripen earlier than the zoned variety Krasnodarskaya rannyaya. There are no early varieties that are superior to the named variety in terms of fruit size and are on par with it in terms of winter hardiness, disease resistance and yield. In recent years, the group of varieties that are also the main medium-early ripening period for cherries has been significantly expanded. The institute has created the varieties Utro Kubai, Kavkazkaya improved, Sashenka with large fruits (up to 8.0 g).

Large-fruited promising varieties late consumption of this group:

Scarlet, Poppy, Romance, Dilemma, Large-fruited, Prestigious (8.0-9.0 g).

Thus, the possibility of creating a conveyor of varieties of different ripening periods has been proven, allowing fruit to be obtained within 1.5 months.

The experimental results allow us to draw the following conclusions:

The slow development of fruit buds increases resistance to recurrent temperature drops.
A relationship has been established between the yield of a variety and the number of fruit formations per plant. linear meter stem and the number of fruit buds on them.
For widespread production use, it is advisable to include the cherry varieties Sashenka, Kavkazskaya, Rubinovaya Kubani, Mak, Yuzhnaya, Alaya (selections from SKZNIISiV), Romantika, Melitopolskaya Chernaya. Prestigious, Dilemma (selections of Ukraine).

Literature

1. Kashin V.I. Nursery farming as the main link in the scientific and practical support of gardening in Russia // Fruit growing and berry growing in Russia: collection of articles. scientific works/VSTISP.-M., 2002.-T.IX-P.3-28.

Cherries are one of the most favorite berries in the garden. Let’s talk about her, the little darling. It ripens early, and you can select varieties so that you can harvest from the end of May to the end of July.

And its yield is the highest - it is two to three times higher than cherries. Disease resistance, taste and transportability are higher. In addition to frost resistance. Of course, they cannot be compared in terms of taste, I got carried away, since everyone has their own tastes. And I love eating cherries alive, and cherry juice and compote, as well as jam and dumplings with cherries are tastier. But that's my taste.

I got distracted. This culture attracts not only gardeners. Many breeders decided to improve varieties and move them at least a little further north.

Many people want to understand the varieties and have a little idea of which variety produces crops when. Therefore, I bring to your attention a review of the 10 most marketable, in my opinion, varieties of cherries.

Melitopol early

Dzherelo

Ripening date: 1st decade of June

Strength: medium height

Yaroslavna

Fruit weight and color: 8g dark red
Strength: medium height

Donetsk beauty

Ripening period: 2nd decade of June
Fruit weight and color: 10g red
Growth vigor: vigorous

Melitopol black

Fruit weight and color: 12g black
Growth vigor: vigorous

Annushka

Ripening date: 3rd decade of June
Fruit weight and color: 10g dark red
Growth vigor: vigorous

Large-fruited

Ripening date: 3rd decade of June
Fruit weight and color: Up to 15g black
Growth vigor: vigorous

Friendship

Ripening period: 1st decade of July
Fruit weight and color: 11g dark red
Growth vigor: vigorous

Regina

Ripening period: 2nd decade of July
Fruit weight and color: 10g black
Strength: medium height

Bigaro Oratovsky

Ripening date: 3rd decade of July
Fruit weight and color: 7g dark red
Growth vigor: vigorous

WHO IS NOT ON THE LIST?

Didn't make the list a lot good varieties, both new and old. For various reasons.

Not included in the list was such a reputable early variety as “Valery Chkalov”. The reason is very simple: it bursts and rots in wet spring and is not very resistant to disease. But the main thing is the insufficient winter hardiness of flower buds. For comparison. In Crimea 10 summer trees give 60-70 kg on average. In Kuban 25-40kg. In the Rostov region, even less - the kidneys freeze...

Replacement for “Chkalov” - “Yaroslavna”. It ripens 3-5 days later, and is very similar in appearance. But it is resistant to diseases and almost does not burst. The yield of “Yaroslavna” is up to 60-80 kg per tree even in the Rostov region, not to mention the Krasnodar region. And yet “Valery Chkalov” is in no hurry to change. At good care And regular watering He gets 15g of berries. Although this is not an absolute record, it is among early varieties, no one reaches such a value. By the way, good pollinators for “Yaroslavna” are “Valery Chkalov” and “Annushka”.

For the same reasons, black was not included in the Daibera list. And its berries are smaller than their modern counterparts. The exception is “Drogana” yellow, this is a German variety, quite frost-resistant and productive. This variety is let down by its yellowish berries and weak taste. You can replace it with “Rossoshanskaya” yellow, more beautiful and tasty.

“Early June” cherries still help out many gardeners. However, “Dzherelo” is much larger, more productive, does not rot and is not afraid of diseases. This is a new variety from the Artemov station, still little known. But in vain - his parents are excellent: “Valery Chkalov” and “Drogana yellow”. And the 10g berry is one of the most marketable ones at the beginning of June.

One of the most transportable varieties, “France Joseph,” was not included in the list. And all because the size is small by modern standards - 6-7 g. At the same time, “Large-fruited” ripens, which is 1.5-2 times larger and also transportable. I don’t want to offend the “France Joseph” variety, its yield is excellent - 60 kg per tree, and its compotes and preparations are of the highest quality.

True, Ukrainians believe that their varieties are the best - “Melitopolskie”, “Krupnoplodnaya”, “Dzherelo”. It's hard to argue with them. Even if the berries are smaller in size, “Melitopolskie” always has excellent taste and appearance.