Vegetation of the steppe zone. What plants are in the steppe zone

The VEGETATION of the steppes consists of various grasses that can tolerate drought. In some plants, the stems and leaves are heavily pubescent or have a developed waxy coating; others have tough stems covered narrow leaves, coagulating in the dry season (cereals); still others have fleshy and juicy stems and leaves with a reserve of moisture. Some plants have a root system that goes deep into the ground or forms tubers, bulbs, and rhizomes.

The steppe zone is one of the main land biomes. Under the influence, first of all, climatic factors zonal features of biomes developed. The steppe zone is characterized by a hot and dry climate for most of the year, and in the spring there is a sufficient amount of moisture, so the steppes are characterized by the presence of a large number of ephemerals and ephemeroids among plant species, and many animals are also confined to a seasonal lifestyle, hibernating in dry conditions. and cold season.

Steppe almond. Photo: Sirpa Tähkämo

3 steppes are represented in Eurasia by steppes, in North America - by prairies, in South America- the pampas, in New Zealand - the Tussoq communities. These are temperate zone spaces occupied by more or less xerophilic vegetation. From the point of view of the living conditions of the animal population of the steppe, they are characterized by the following features: good review, an abundance of plant food, a relatively dry summer period, the existence of a summer period of rest or, as it is now called, semi-rest. In this respect, steppe communities differ sharply from forest communities. Among the predominant life forms of steppe plants, grasses are distinguished, the stems of which are crowded into turf - turf grasses. In the Southern Hemisphere, such turfs are called tussocks. Tussoks can be very tall and their leaves are less rigid than those of the tufts of steppe grasses of the Northern Hemisphere, since the climate of communities close to the steppes of the Southern Hemisphere is milder.

Rhizome grasses that do not form turf, with single stems on creeping underground rhizomes, are more widespread in the northern steppes, in contrast to turf grasses, the role of which in the Northern Hemisphere increases to the south.
Among dicotyledonous herbaceous plants, two groups are distinguished - northern colorful forbs and southern colorless herbs. Colorful forbs are characterized by a mesophilic appearance and large bright flowers or inflorescences, for southern, colorless herbs - a more xerophilic appearance - pubescent stems into leaves, often the leaves are narrow or finely dissected, the flowers are inconspicuous, dim.
Typical for the steppes are annual ephemerals, which bloom in the spring after flowering and die, and perennial ephemeroids, in which tubers, bulbs, and underground rhizomes remain after the death of the above-ground parts. Colchicum is a peculiar species that develops foliage in the spring, when there is still a lot of moisture in the steppe soils, retains only underground organs for the summer, and in the fall, when the entire steppe looks lifeless and yellowed, produces bright lilac flowers(hence its name).

The steppe is characterized by shrubs, often growing in groups, sometimes solitary. These include spirea, caragana, steppe cherries, steppe almonds, and sometimes some types of juniper. The fruits of many shrubs are eaten by animals.
On the soil surface grow xerophilic mosses, fruticose and crustose lichens, and sometimes blue-green algae of the genus Nostoc. During the dry summer period they dry out, after the rains they come to life and assimilate.

In the steppe there are plants that are quite inconspicuous, which may be why they are unfamiliar to many: grains and breakers. They are one of the first to appear on dry ridges, sandy mounds, hills and mounds.

Beans from the cruciferous family are most often found in the highlands and tundra. Total number its species in our country reaches one hundred. The most common are Siberian groats (found in meadows, dry tundras, alpine and subalpine lawns almost throughout the country, including the Arctic and mountain systems of Central Asia and Siberia), as well as oak groats (widely distributed, except in the Arctic, in fields, dry meadows and steppes). Externally, these grains are very similar to each other.

Oak groats are an annual plant with a branched, leafy stem up to 20 centimeters high, in the lower part of which there is a basal rosette of oblong leaves, and in the upper part there are loose tassels of yellowish flowers. It blooms in April - July. Chemical composition The grains have been poorly studied; it is only known that the aerial part contains alkaloids. The plant was used in folk herbal medicine as a hemostatic agent along with shepherd's purse. It is believed that the aerial part, together with the seeds, has an expectorant and antitussive effect, as a result of which it is used for whooping cough and various bronchial diseases. An infusion of the herb is popular as an external remedy for various skin diseases (rashes and others), especially of allergic origin in children (the infusion is taken in this case or a decoction of the herb externally and internally - as a blood purifier) ​​o In Chinese medicine, the seeds of the plant are popular, which are used as an expectorant and diuretic.

Siberian Krupka is a perennial with dark yellow flowers. Like oak groats, it deserves study for medical purposes.
There are 35 species of primroses from the family of primroses in our country, distributed mainly in the mountains of the Caucasus, Central Asia and Siberia. The most common is the northern breaker - a small, up to 25 centimeters, annual plant with a basal rosette of medium-sized oblong leaves and, as a rule, numerous, up to 20 pieces, flower shoots up to 25 centimeters high, each of which ends in an umbrella-shaped inflorescence consisting of 10-30 tiny white flowers. It is found almost throughout the country - in the forest-steppe, steppe, forest and polar-arctic zones: on dry and steppe meadows, rocky slopes, in sparse pine and other forests, and it especially loves. willingly occupies plowed clearings and deposits like a weed.

The plant has long been used in medicinal purposes the people of our country. Recently, medicine has been studying the possibility of obtaining contraceptive (contraceptive) drugs from it. The studies carried out gave good results - a century-old folk experience the use of the breaker was completely confirmed. It is believed that prolomnik has anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties; its decoction or paste is used for leucorrhoea in women and gonorrhea in men, hernia and goiter, gastralgia, urolithiasis, especially widely for sore throat (gargle and take orally). Prolomnik is known to be used as an anticonvulsant for epilepsy and eclampsia (seizure attacks, including in children), and also as a diuretic and hemostatic agent.

Oak wood grain. Photo: Matt Lavin

Tumbleweeds are a unique life form of steppe plants. This life form includes plants that break off at the root collar as a result of drying out, less often - rotting, and are carried by the wind across the steppe; at the same time, either rising into the air or hitting the ground, they scatter the seeds. In general, wind plays a significant role in the transfer of seeds of steppe plants. There are a lot of plants with flowers here. The role of wind is great not only in plant pollination, but the number of species in which insects take part in pollination is smaller here than in forests.

Features of steppe plants:

a) Small leaves. The leaves of steppe grasses are narrow, no wider than 1.5-2 mm. In dry weather, they fold lengthwise, and their evaporating surface becomes even smaller (an adaptation to reduce evaporation). In some steppe plants, the leaf blades are very small (bedstraw, kachim, thyme, chickweed, saltwort), in others they are dissected into the thinnest lobules and segments (gills, adonis, etc.).
b) Pubescence. A whole group of steppe plants creates a special “microclimate” for themselves due to abundant pubescence. Many species of astragalus, salvia and others protect themselves from sun rays and thus fight drought.
c) Waxy coating. Many people use a layer of wax or other waterproof substance secreted from the skin. This is another adaptation of steppe plants to drought. It is possessed by plants with a smooth, shiny surface of the leaves: milkweed, fronds, Russian cornflower, etc.
d) Special position of the leaves. To avoid overheating, some steppe grasses (neolata, serpucha, chondrillas) place their leaves with their edges facing the sun. And such a steppe weed as wild lettuce generally orients its leaves in a vertical north-south plane, representing a kind of living compass.
d) Coloring. Among the summer steppe grasses there are few bright green plants; the leaves and stems of most of them are colored in dull, faded tones. This is another adaptation of steppe plants that helps them protect themselves from excessive lighting and overheating (wormwood).
f) Powerful root system. Root system 10-20 times greater in mass than above-ground organs. There are many so-called turf grasses in the steppe. These are feather grass, fescue, thin-legged grass, and wheatgrass. They form dense turfs 10 cm or more in diameter. The turf contains many remnants of old stems and leaves and has the remarkable property of intensively absorbing melt and rainwater and hold it for a long time.
g) Ephemera and ephemeroids. These plants develop in the spring, when the soil is sufficiently moist. Thus, they have time to bloom and bear fruit before the onset of the dry period (tulips, irises, crocuses, goose onions, adonis, etc.).



A large number of different species grow in the steppes different plants, such as:

• Prairie sage;
• Datura;
• Red clover;
• Common Dubrovnik;
• Common toadflax;
• Prairie sage;
• Zopnik tuberiferous;
• Spiny curly, etc.

• I live in a steppe area.

  I really like the flowering feather grass. It grows on the Arabat Spit of the Azov Sea.

  At the end of April - beginning of May, blooming tulips are beautiful.

  

  How useful is sage! And how wonderful he looks!

  

  And look at the red clover! I was once visiting beekeepers, and we went to the clover fields. The sight of the clover and the mass of bees above them was breathtaking.

  

  Or you may also encounter dope.

  

  And how touching is the vitality of the knotweed grass.

  

  Steppe refers to flat areas with predominant grassy vegetation (almost complete absence of trees and shrubs, with the exception of artificial plantings). The steppe zone is located in the temperate and subtropical zones.

  The steppes are dominated by cereal plants(feather grass, fescue, bluegrass, thin-legged grass, sheep).

  Also in the steppes the following plants are often found: immortelle, astragalus, bean grass, speedwell, kermek, wormwood, plantain, sage, yarrow, eryngium, tsmin, bruise, thyme.

  The steppe has a fairly wide variety of plants. Mostly herbaceous plants grow there: clover, sweet clover, wheatgrass, sage, tulips, poppy, feather grass, angelica, thyme, wormwood, bellflower, yarrow, mullein, semolina, thyme and much more.

  They grow: sage, tulip, astragalus, cutter. These are the plants, I answered 5 myself!

  Plants growing in the steppes are very diverse, but they have general signs- they are dry-resistant, can tolerate heat, and have relatively small leaves. Mostly flora steppes are represented by herbaceous plants. Among them there are food plants:

  Honey-bearing herbs, such as budra, speedwell, heather, knotweed and so on.

  Many medicinal plants.

  Trees do not grow in the steppe and even shrubs cannot survive there. It's all about the winds, and because of them, moisture from the ground evaporates very quickly, without reaching the deep layers of the soil, so there is only enough water for herbs.

  The growth of steppe grasses can reach a height of more than 1 meter.

  These plants are: dream grass, poppy, crocuses, feather grass, blackthorn, etc.

  

  In the steppe grow those plants that can live for a long time without moisture, are afraid of the scorching sun, drought, strong winds. These include: self-seeded poppy, handsome tulip, feather grass, angelica, thyme, yarrow, wormwood, fluffy cream meadowsweet, bellflower, prickly grasshopper, mountain clover, adonis.

  

  Many different plants grow in the steppe, here are some of them.

  Common mullein with large yellow flowers, can reach 2 meters in height. IN folk medicine flowers are used for coughs.

  

  Sagebrush- perennial grass, which has a thick woody root.

  

  And also white clover, breaker, poppy, semolina, tulips, astragalus, fescue, thyme and many others.

  In the steppe grows a huge species diversity plants. The landscape of the steppes, of course, affects the appearance of plants. For steppe plants, the following similar characteristics can be distinguished:

  1) branched root system;

  2) roots in the form of bulbs;

  3) narrow leaves;

  4) mostly fleshy stems.

  So, the following plants grow in the steppe:

  • Krupka. annual plant with a branched stem and oblong leaves with yellow flowers. Blooms in April-July;
  • Breaker. An annual plant with oblong leaves and many flower shoots ending in inflorescences with small white flowers;
  • Poppy. It can be annual or perennial on long stalks with flower buds.
  • Tulips. Perennial plants with large flowers and fleshy stems;
  • Astragalus. Grows even in the driest steppes, its flowers can have more than 950 types of shades.
  • Feather grass. A perennial plant with a smooth stem (up to 1 meter tall) and spinous leaves.

  Also known to everyone, lemon balm, camel thorn and wormwood grow in the steppe.

  I only provided short list steppe plants.

  The steppe is an almost endless expanse where tall and not so tall grasses grow and very rarely you can find thickets of bushes or a lonely group of trees. There are steppes on all continents and therefore steppe plants can vary greatly, but let's focus on the plants growing in our steppes. First of all, the most common steppe plant can be called Feather grass, which in some places is called Tyrsa.

The most valuable plants, typical of the steppes, are white and medicinal sweet clover, Siberian sainfoin, strawberry, Siberian snakehead, tuber-bearing cornflower, steppe and creeping thyme, steppe sage, fragrant schizonepeta, catnip, Siberian cornflower, Altai aster, common khama, and onion.
Less valuable are Danish astragalus, sickle alfalfa, Ural licorice, speedwell, yellow scabiosa, and steppe carnation. Weak honey plants - Siberian pomegranate, Morison's gorichnik, Baikal gorichnik, lumbago, starodubka.

Published: March 18, 2018

Siberian hogweed, Puchka, Pikan - Heracléum sibíricum. Herbaceous plant of the Apiaceae family. Siberian hogweed, despite the name, is predominantly a European species, common throughout Central Russia. Also distributed in Central Europe, Ciscaucasia and in Western Siberia(in its southern part it reaches Altai). Found in Crimea, Kazakhstan (Dzhungar Alatau). Grows on damp places- in meadows, between bushes. It grows in meadows (especially flooded ones), along the banks of rivers and streams, forest edges, roadside meadows, and […]

Published: May 01, 2016

Weed plant. The species infests all types of crops and is found in fallows, orchards and orchards, as well as along roads, along ditches, and in fallow lands. Contains white milky juice. Strong honey plant and pollen plant. It releases nectar only in the morning, because... After lunch the flowers close. Intensive honey collection up to 380 kg per hectare. The honey crystallizes quickly and is dark amber in color. The pollen is dark yellow.

Published: May 01, 2016

A perennial herbaceous plant 30–90 cm high from the Asteraceae family. It grows in various meadows, clearings, meadow clearings, along roads in many regions of Russia. It is well visited by bees, which, under favorable weather conditions, collect a lot of nectar and pollen from it. Honey productivity in terms of continuous tracts is over 100 kg/ha. The pollen is yellow.

Published: April 28, 2016

Perennial honey-bearing herbaceous plant. Sandy tsmin grows mainly on sandy soils, on dry copses, forest glades, hills, on fallow lands, rocky and sandy slopes everywhere. The hard scales of the inflorescence wrapper do not wither and do not lose color even when the inflorescences are cut off - hence the name of the plant immortelle.

Published: 27 Nov 2015

Mediocre honey plant. It blooms in June - September, the fruits ripen in August - September. A perennial herbaceous plant from the Asteraceae family. It grows on sandy and loamy fresh and moist soils, in meadows, forest clearings, forest edges, in bushes, less often as a weed in crops. Prefers soils of average fertility and drainage.

Published: 27 Nov 2015

A perennial herbaceous plant from the Asteraceae family. It grows in the steppe and forest-steppe zones of the European part of Russia, in Western Siberia. It grows in damp places, along the banks of rivers and mountain streams, in tall grass meadows, forest clearings and edges, and in thickets of bushes. Bad honey plant. There is no commercial honey from elecampane.

Published: May 03, 2015

Perennial herbaceous plant. It grows on hillsides, in dry meadows, forest edges and clearings, on borders, in drier places. Distributed throughout forest areas. Honey plant, but provides bees with an insignificant collection of nectar. According to our personal observations, bees visit this honey plant in dry, hot weather. Honey is amber in color, very aromatic, has an aroma flowering plant. Crystallizes quickly […]

Published: Jan 15, 2013

grassy perennial from the Crassulaceae family. Grows on dry grassy slopes. In dry bush thickets, in dry meadows, among rocky places. Good honey plant and pollen plant. Actively visited by bees and bumblebees. According to observations we made in the vicinity of the agro-biological station of the Uesuedi Pedagogical Institute, sedum flowers were visited by bees from morning to evening, collecting nectar and pollen. Nectar productivity of one flower [...]

Published: 09 Dec 2012

Biennial herbaceous plant from the Apiaceae family. It grows near roads, in fields, in vegetable gardens, orchards. Secondary honey plant and pollen plant. Flowers are visited reluctantly by bees, but actively by flies. The nectar productivity of 100 flowers is 5.8-11.1 mg of sugar. Blooms in July-August.

Published: 08 Dec 2012

Perennial herbaceous plant. Grows on the roadsides, like field weeds, cultivated plants. Good honey plant and pollen plant. The flowers are readily visited by bees, who collect pollen in the morning and nectar by midday. According to N.N. Kartoshova (1955), in the Tomsk region it produces from 1 hectare to 200-250 kg of nectar containing 35-40% sugar.

Published: 08 Dec 2012

A perennial herbaceous plant from the Rosaceae family. It grows in mixed-grass meadows, on the edges of mixed forests, among shrub thickets. It is known that meadowsweet leaves contain large quantities vitamin C (370 mg/%). Therefore, young shoots and leaves are used in food for preparing salads, and the flowers are used to make tea.

Published: 08 Dec 2012

Burnet - Sanguisorba officinalis L. Perennial herbaceous plant. Grows in oak forests, bushes and dry meadows. On Far East Small-flowered and ferruginous burnet also grow - weak honey plants, but good pollen plants. Appearance Up to 60 cm in height, from the Rosaceae family. Stems are erect, branched, heavily leafy, pubescent with hairs. The basal leaves are large, odd-pinnate, glabrous on top, [...]

Plants in the steppe are usually herbaceous. Their flora is distinguished by a luxurious variety of species. The steppe is a plain with grassy vegetation, where there are rare shrubs. Trees are found only along reservoirs and forest belts planted artificially.

Plants in the steppe are usually narrow-leaved, with a rich root system that allows them to withstand temperature changes and extreme weather conditions. Plant communities are formed from several ecologically related, living species, and the formation of a community is associated with weather conditions and the type of specific site. The most typical of all is the presence of xerophytic grasses adapted to arid climates. The northern steppes are characterized by a variety of herbs, the southern steppes are characterized by a community of grasses, and the semi-desert steppes are characterized by a predominance of shrubs that can overcome strong desert winds.

Traditional steppe vegetation consists of herbaceous plants, some of them are characteristic only of this area, and some of them are found in meadows and wooded areas. The peculiarities of the color of the leaves and stems (grayish or gray-green) are associated with their ability to easily tolerate moisture deficiency, dry periods, and the ability to curl up during periods when there is no precipitation. In the steppes of the temperate zone you can find plants that are more characteristic of the meadow zone, which is easily explained by the climate in which the humidity is higher.

In addition to the usual steppe plants, plants in the steppe can also be represented by those that are of industrial importance. These include: corn, wheat, beets, barley, rye, forage crops that are used for pastures. Also important to humans are those herbs that are used in folk medicine, prepared for medicinal purposes, used in pharmaceutical preparations, folk remedies treatment of diseases. The Red Book of Russia includes more than 45 species of orchids, 50 species of legumes, 20 species of lilies and asteraceae, which are disappearing due to human activity. Among them are the saranka lily (royal curls), dolomite bellflower, yellow iris (water iris), and yellow water lily.

The steppe, depending on the grasses, is divided into 5 main types of vegetation:

• mountain (cryoxerophilic);
• forb (mesoxeroyl);
• feather grass (xerophilous);
• desertified (haloxerophilic);
• desert (superxerophilic).

The main part of the steppes is located between forest-steppes and semi-deserts, and the flora of these zones is represented mainly by cereals. The most widespread in the steppe are various types feather grass

Flowering steppe plants

Steppe plants with flowers are so good that many of them are cultivated for gardens and used in landscape design, for growing in flower beds. These plants include spring Adonis, Anaphalis (three-veined, pearl), Goniolimon (beautiful, Tatar), Kachim (paniculate, Pacific, creeping, holly), Meadowsweet (elm-leaved, red, purple, Kamchatka), Hyacinth, Clematis (clematis) , Crocus and Narcissus.

The steppe looks most beautiful in spring. Melting snow fills the soil with water, and the sun is not yet very hot, so in April and May the spring steppe is a spectacle of indescribable beauty. At the beginning of spring, mustard, rapeseed, feather grass, and tulips bloom in the steppe. In the northern steppes, due to certain climatic conditions, flowers grow characteristic of the meadow, such as meadow sage, the flowers of which are collected in paniculate inflorescences, noticeable from afar, thanks to their intense violet-blue color. Meadowsweet blooms with a beautiful scattering of white and pink flowers that stand out brightly against the background of green spring foliage. Thin-leaved peony, growing in the northern steppes, is almost more beautiful than its garden counterparts, in natural conditions it has dark crimson flowers. In the northern steppes, sainfoin grows, its inflorescence is soft pink, shaped like a brush pointing upward. It is used as a valuable forage plant.

The vegetation in the southern steppes is not so rich. Ephemeral plants that bloom in the southern steppe in spring are not tall. Horncap crescent, Veronica veronica, and some others manage in a short period not only to bloom, but also to form seeds before the coming drought in summer. The northern and southern steppes represent 2 radically different types of steppe vegetation, and between them there are many various types, combining 2 or several modifications: feather grass steppes with forbs, northern steppes with feather grass, steppes interspersed with forests. A growing carpet of grass and cereals greatly changes appearance steppes depending on the time of year.

Tiled swordmaker and other healers

Tiled swordweed or wild gladiolus usually grows in meadows, but it can also be found in mixed-grass steppes. A plant of incredible beauty that creates entire populations in nature, the so-called gladiolus meadows, but, unfortunately, is already a rare species. In the Kursk region, the thin ephemeral flower blooms with a density of up to 160 plants per 1 m²; student expeditions of biologists go to admire its flowering. This is a herbaceous perennial, classified as a corm, with three sword-shaped leaves. Its companions are usually the spreading bell and the grass carnation. The tiled sword can be found even in Murmansk region and the Komi Republic, where it survives thanks to its tuber rhizome with reserves nutrients during periods of drought and winter time. It has long been used as a medicinal plant.

Oak Krupka and Siberian Krupka grow in Central Asia, Siberia, and the Caucasus. This tall plant with a rosette of leaves, blooming with yellowish flowers, has invaluable medicinal properties, used in the treatment of bronchi, whooping cough, as a hemostatic agent, in the form of a decoction is used to treat various skin diseases and rashes.

The northern breacher is common in many climatic zones, including in the steppes. Its decoctions have anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects, and official medicine uses extracts as part of contraceptives. In almost all steppes, wild poppy, tulip, and mullein from the Norichinaceae family grow. The composition of biologically active substances contained in its flowers and stems is simply invaluable, and, due to the absence of harmful components, it is used as a valuable food additive. It is eaten fresh, drinks and salads are prepared from it, the infusion of the flower is useful for diseases of the spleen, liver, intestines, and is part of chest and expectorant preparations. The natural plant wealth of the steppes is very great.

Wormwood grass

Wormwood carries its specific aroma from early spring until late autumn. After feather grass, this is the most characteristic steppe plant, the smell of which many people associate with the steppe. Essential oils, which constitute the main wealth of wormwood, account for up to 3% of the plant’s weight. Research beneficial properties Artemisia began several decades ago, but it has been used since time immemorial as a medicinal plant.

This steppe herb has been eaten as a spice since ancient times, and was used as a disinfectant, medicinal, tonic, flavoring, and even anthelmintic. Wormwood has more than once helped geologists find mineral deposits because it changes its color and leaf shape if it grows in places where natural resources occur.

Plants are a storehouse of natural, useful, invaluable properties, a decorative spring carpet that can destroy human activity in their development. Such natural complexes needs to be protected.

The steppe zone is characterized by a flat landscape and a complete absence of trees. Therefore, the flora is represented mainly by herbs. In the temperate zone of Eurasia, grasses grow (varieties of feather grass, bluegrass, wheatgrass, legumes) and bulbous plants. Shrubs are occasionally found. A thick turf layer formed by the interweaving of grass rhizomes, as well as the duration of dry periods and lack of moisture, prevent the germination of tree seeds.

Get a better impression of nature steppe zone A video about the steppes of Ukraine will help Eurasia.

IN spring period The temperate steppe amazes with a riot of colors: plants of the bulbous family bloom beautifully.

Feather grass is the most common steppe plant of the grass family, forming a turf layer. Ripened seeds, thanks to the awn covered with a white edge attached to them, fly over long distances.

The “gray” fields of flowering feather grass look very unusual - typical plant steppes.

The most typical representative of the steppe can rightfully be considered wheatgrass. This perennial herb has a very dense, tough rhizome, which forms numerous shoots and penetrates even dry soil. The height of wheatgrass in a favorable period reaches 1 m in height; during the flowering period the plant throws out an ear.

In the east of North America there are grassland prairies, which are characterized by rich grass stands, heavily turfed soil and instability of alternating drought and rainfall. The Great Plains are similar to the Eurasian steppes and are rich in tall grasses. The following plants grow here: feather grass, Gerardi's bearded grass, Grama grass, phlox, dicotyledons, asters. In the west, the prairies are drier, so the vast majority of plants are low-growing cereals, wormwood, bulbous plants, and in the southern regions - cacti.

It is a turfgrass that grows as a bush, its roots helping to form turf. The height of the plant reaches 2.5 m in height, the leaf width is up to 1 cm. It is very decorative, painted in orange or dark red colors in the autumn.

Pampas in South America, in effect low level average annual precipitation, have more sparse vegetation. Grass-sedge grass stands, alfalfa, barley, and succulents, one of the subspecies of which are cacti, are typical for them.