List of plants for the second winter hardiness zone. climatic zones. Factors and causes affecting frost hardiness zones

USDA hardiness zones

The specified climatic zoning of territories is an artificial division of places for growing plants, based on the ability of plants to survive in winter conditions. This division is based on a long-term study of winter temperatures.

The assignment of a plant to a particular zone is based on knowledge of the variety's requirements for growth and development conditions. However, even in the same area climatic conditions are not the same. It is well known that with south side houses are always warmer, and in a place protected from the winds (for example, a courtyard or urban development), even the largest "sissies" can grow. Therefore, the given zoning of plant varieties is rather conditional.
By using correct placement plants (in a warm and calm place), as well as the use of covering materials (spunbond, foliage, spruce branches, hilling, etc.) and “laying” shoots to the ground for the winter, you can increase the climatic zone of your site by 1-2 units. Improvement of the soil regime also helps in this (for example, the introduction of clay on sandy soils, making organic fertilizers, covering the soil with manure, mulching with sawdust, peat, etc.). Then, for example, in the conditions of the third climatic zone, it is possible to grow varieties belonging to the fourth or fifth zone without any problems. In addition, special events such as trunk whitewashing fruit trees in November, shading evergreens with covering material in February or from autumn will help to avoid frost and sunburn in conditions of sudden temperature changes and weather changes.

Table of frost resistance zones:

Zone	From	Before
0
1	-45.6 °C	-53.9 °C
2	-40°C	-45.6 °C
3	-34.4°C	-40°C
4	-28.9 °C	-34.4°C
5	-23.3°C	-28.9 °C
6	-17.8 °C	-23.3°C
7	-12.2°C	-17.8 °C
8	-6.7 °C	-12.2°C
9	-1.1°C	-6.7 °C
10	-1.1°C	+4.4 °C
11	+4.4 °C	+10°C
12	>+10°C

Determining the climate zone is important when choosing plants for a garden. Climate zones– a universal system for determining the cold resistance of plants.

Climate zones

Quite often when buying planting material garden plants or reading the description of plants in reference books, you can find links to maps of climatic zones. For example, zone 3 or zone 5-6. What are these zones, and what do these numbers mean?

For the first time, the division into climatic zones and their definition was made in the United States by the Agricultural Department. The separation was carried out according to the principle of minimum temperatures in winter period on different regions. It turned out to be very convenient and universal way, with which you can specify the cold hardiness of plants. The system for determining cold resistance using climate zones is very convenient for big countries, like Russia, whose territory captures several climatic zones.

Below is a table with which you can easily determine the climate zone of your region:

The method, of course, is universal, however, gardeners, when buying certain plants, should not forget that in addition to cold resistance, other indicators can also affect plant growth (for example, the level of precipitation in the region or soil type).

In a special issue of our training magazine, only winter-hardy plants that are resistant to our climate. Practical examples of combinations of plants in a flower garden or in a group for shady and sunny places are presented. One of those magazines that you will always have at hand!

Winter hardiness and frost resistance of plants The concepts are different, although they are close in meaning.

winter hardiness- this is the ability of plants to withstand a complex of environmental influences during the winter and early spring periods. This includes the ability to withstand spring burns, low temperatures, dampness, soaking, the ability to withstand frequent temperature changes.

Frost resistance- this is only the ability of the plant to tolerate low temperatures.

Frost resistance zones (USDA zones)

These are the areas into which the territory is divided depending on the average value of the annual minimum temperature. These data were obtained on the basis of many years of statistical observations, but at the present time this division is being seriously criticized.

For entrance zone it is better to use resistant plants that are decorative both in summer and in winter. It makes no sense to list them, because. such plants in garden centers There are so many and new ones appear every year.

In general, there is a tendency that those plants that were previously considered not particularly resistant do well in colder climates.

So, the rhododendron does not look particularly attractive at sub-zero temperatures.

Example: in Belarus with proper fit mahonia, holly, rhododendrons, some roses, boxwood, lavender, and other plants of a higher climatic zone winter well without shelter.

Some areas by frost hardiness zones:

Some plants by zones of frost resistance

USDA hardiness zones

The specified climatic zoning of territories is an artificial division of places for growing plants, based on the ability of plants to survive in winter conditions. This division is based on a long-term study of winter temperatures.

The assignment of a plant to a particular zone is based on knowledge of the variety's requirements for growth and development conditions. However, even in the same zone, climatic conditions are not the same. It is well known that it is always warmer on the south side of the house, and in a place protected from the winds (for example, a courtyard or urban development), even the largest "sissies" can grow. Therefore, the given zoning of plant varieties is rather conditional.
With the help of the correct placement of plants (in a warm and calm place), as well as the use of covering materials (spunbond, foliage, spruce branches, hilling, etc.) and “laying” the shoots to the ground for the winter, you can increase the climatic zone of your site by 1-2 units. Improvement of the soil regime also helps in this (for example, the introduction of clay on sandy soils, the application of organic fertilizers, the soil being covered with manure, mulching with sawdust, peat, etc.). Then, for example, in the conditions of the third climatic zone, it is possible to grow varieties belonging to the fourth or fifth zone without any problems. In addition, special events, such as whitewashing fruit tree trunks in November, shading evergreens with covering material in February or from autumn, will help to avoid frost and sunburn in conditions of sudden temperature changes and weather changes.

Table of frost resistance zones:

Zone	From	Before
0
1	-45.6 °C	-53.9 °C
2	-40°C	-45.6 °C
3	-34.4°C	-40°C
4	-28.9 °C	-34.4°C
5	-23.3°C	-28.9 °C
6	-17.8 °C	-23.3°C
7	-12.2°C	-17.8 °C
8	-6.7 °C	-12.2°C
9	-1.1°C	-6.7 °C
10	-1.1°C	+4.4 °C
11	+4.4 °C	+10°C
12	>+10°C

01.01.2012

When choosing new plants, pay attention to such a criterion as winter hardiness zones.
Having data about your zone, you will be able to judge with a certain probability whether you can grow a particular plant in open ground.

This system (USDA-zoning) is introduced by the US Department of Agriculture but it is also used in Europe.
Hardiness zones are a certain range of temperatures in which the plant stably overwinters.
The Moscow region is traditionally referred to as the 4th zone.
That is, if zone 4 is indicated on an imported plant, it is assumed that this specimen is able to overwinter in conditions, withstanding frosts down to minus 29 degrees.
However, there are many conventions in this topic.
There is convincing evidence of the successful cultivation of plants in the Moscow region classified both in the 5th and even in the 6th zones. For example, according to many reports, ginkgo winters well in the Moscow region, although it is classified as a 5th zone.
Winter hardiness also largely depends not only on the genetic properties of the plant, but also on its current state. Past illnesses, lack of minerals or too much big harvest weaken the living organism, and its resistance decreases. Plants for which proper care, shows the maximum winter hardiness inherent in this species.
Winter hardiness changes throughout the entire hibernation period of the plant: it reaches its peak by the end of deep dormancy (end of the year in central Russia), and then decreases.
The period of transition from hibernation to the growing season is quite difficult. For example, at the beginning of spring, the bark of trees heats up during the day, and at night it cools sharply, which leads to its damage. Temperature fluctuations also negatively affect the most vulnerable areas of fruit trees - the lower parts of the trunks. Trees can be protected by whitewashing trunks at the end of winter.

Microclimatic factors affecting the winter hardiness of plants.

In addition to temperature, there are many additional factors that affect the development of plants: soil type, daylight hours, wind, humidity. It should be taken into account that the microclimate of areas within the climatic zone may not correspond to the baseline values.
Elevations, southern slopes, large reservoirs have a beneficial effect on plant growth, in contrast to lowlands and northern slopes. In the city, as a rule, the temperature is slightly higher than outside the city.
With careful observance of all the rules of agricultural technology, many trees and shrubs can be grown on the territory of colder zones in protected areas.
The plant can be suitable for five and more zones.
If your hardiness zone is colder than what is recommended for planting the selected plant, special care must be taken in deciding where to plant the seedling on the site.
Dry cold wind puts the development of evergreens at risk, as the process of evaporation from the surface of the leaves becomes more intense, and dehydration occurs. To avoid this problem, it is necessary to plant in places protected from the wind and ensure the correct development of the root system. For this, the soil must be deep, loose, permeable. Mulching works well.
wintering difficulties.
AT warm winters with abundant snow cover, plants are threatened with decay - exhaustion in a dark, waterlogged, warm environment, when plants "unscheduled" consume all their nutrients.
Wetting can occur in the lowlands during the period of snow melting or prolonged thaws: melt water is not absorbed into the soil and plants lack oxygen.
Lack of oxygen and mechanical pressures often also occur due to the formation of ice crusts. Ice crust formation occurs if severe frosts occur after frequent thaws. The crusts are contact (tightly attached) or hanging (practically do not come into contact with plants, they are easy to destroy).
Bulging.
There may be frosts in the absence of snow cover or an autumn drought, or a thaw in which snow water has already been absorbed by the soil. In such conditions, freezing begins at a depth - where there is water. The layer of ice gradually increases and lifts, that is, “bulges out” the upper layers of the soil along with the plants, which leads to the breakage of the roots. Secondary rooting can save the plant from drying out, which can be stimulated with the help of timely rolling of the soil. Crops with roots capable of stretching are resistant to bulging.
Damage from winter drought (at the end of a snowless or little snowy winter with significant solar heating) are dangerous for fruit trees and shrubs in a number of regions of Russia. Under normal conditions, a stable winter cover protects the plant from drying out.

The area in which your garden plot, you can determine yourself - for this you need information about the most low temperatures in your area over the past 10 years (you can choose a longer time period). Then we calculate the arithmetic mean of all values ​​and see what zone number it corresponds to.
Obviously, this method cannot be considered absolutely accurate. For example, anomalous temperature jumps can affect the result of calculations. In addition, the same result can be obtained both with a large spread and with minimal fluctuations in values. It is believed that the territories middle lane Russia corresponds to zone No. 5 and those below.
Below are two tables (table 1-short and more detailed table 2) by which the zone can be determined.

Table 1.
Zone Temperature
1 below - 45°C
2 from -45 to -40° С
3 -40 to -34°C
4 from -34 to -29° С
5 from -29 to -23°C
6 from -23 to -17° С
7 from -17 to -12° С
8 from -12 to -7° С
9 -7 to -1°C
10 from -1 to +5° С

Table 2.
Hardiness zone From To
0 a< -53.9°C
b -51.1°C -53.9°C
1a -48.3°C -51.1°C
b -45.6°C -48.3°C
2 a -42.8°C -45.6°C
b -40°C -42.8°C
3 a -37.2°C -40°C
b -34.4°C -37.2°C
4 a -31.7°C -34.4°C
b -28.9°C -31.7°C
5 a -26.1°C -28.9°C
b -23.3°C -26.1°C
6 a -20.6°C -23.3°C
b -17.8°C -20.6°C
7 a -15°C -17.8°C
b -12.2°C -15°C
8 a -9.4°C -12.2°C
b -6.7°C -9.4°C
9 a -3.9°C -6.7°C
b -1.1°C -3.9°C
10 a +1.7°C -1.1°C
b +1.7°C +4.4°C
11 a +4.4°C +7.2°C
b +7.2°C +10°C
12 a +10°C +12.8°C
b > +12.8°C

According to kr.ru