Carbon monoxide poisoning refers to. First aid for carbon monoxide poisoning

Carbon monoxide is colorless and odorless. This is simply the result of burning carbon, which can be harmful to health. A person can lose his ability to work or exhaust his health reserves. Poisoning carbon monoxide very dangerous and it is fraught with disastrous consequences. To date, many cases of CO poisoning have already been recorded. Often poisoning occurs due to banal security breaches.

The main sources of danger are:

Cars with a security system violation;
Household fires;
Burners;
Furnace room system;
Burners.

Poisoning with household and natural gas. A large number of poisonings occur in the cold season. This is not strange, because just at this time, people are actively using heating appliances, which can cause carbon poisoning.

Symptoms of poisoning

The very first symptoms of poisoning:

strong headache;
Loss of consciousness and disorientation;
Vomiting reflex.

There are some main degrees of poisoning:

Mild poisoning. It is characterized by severe pain in the head, vomiting and loss of strength in the muscles.
The average degree of poisoning. This level is similar to the previous one. They can be distinguished by the strength of the consequences. That is, in the average degree of poisoning, the head hurts much more and the body is weaker.
Severe degree of poisoning. It is characterized by severe violations of the functionality of the whole organism, a person can fall into a coma, and the worst thing is that such poisoning can lead to death.

First of all, when intoxicated, the brain suffers. The first sign of CO poisoning is headache and spasms, which are caused by a lack of oxygen. Also, in case of poisoning, instant loss of consciousness is possible.

Next comes the pain chest. This is due to the fact that the body is trying to make up for the loss of oxygen in the brain and make up for the loss by increasing muscle contraction. Thus, the heart rate increases. If you do not make up for the loss of oxygen in time and the heart does not have enough oxygen, then a heart attack will eventually occur.

Then the lungs suffer. If the body does not have enough oxygen, then the lungs quickly try to make up for its loss. Thus, the lungs receive even more carbon monoxide and quickly lose their efficiency.

After all this, human skin begins to suffer. Due to carbon monoxide poisoning and lack of oxygen, the skin becomes deficient in blood circulation, which leads to whitening of the skin.

Forms of poisoning:

Fainting - a person begins to dramatically lose skin color and loses consciousness. His blood pressure is dropping rapidly.
Euphoric - when the nervous system is affected, hallucinations appear.
Lightning - with a saturated concentration of carbon in the air, a person experiences a severe lack of oxygen. Immediately there are cramps in the arms and legs, the heartbeat quickens and the person faints. As unfortunate as it may be, but with a lightning-fast form, toxic substances can provoke death, which occurs within a minute and a half.

Initial actions for carbon poisoning

Initially, it is worth opening air access to the victim. The airway should not be obstructed; this may require artificial respiration. You also need to remove chest clothing from the patient. His chest should be completely free. It is worth noting that if the patient is unconscious, then he must be shifted to his side in order to level the threat of swallowing his own tongue.

When all this is done, then use ammonia and do everything possible to keep the patient conscious. Then you need to rub his chest and back. All these actions will normalize the state of a person and bring him to his senses.

Recovery after CO poisoning

The most important thing after poisoning is to treat the body and fill it with oxygen. For 6-7 hours, the patient's body receives fifteen liters of oxygen per minute. The carbon monoxide poisoning clinic is required to completely restore the oxygen deficiency.
The treatment and recovery itself directly depends on the severity of the poisoning. It often happens that the body requires a blood transfusion. However, be that as it may, if it seems to you that the first aid was enough for recovery, you still need to consult a doctor. The fact is that poisoning can occur after a few days. An accidental stroke or heart attack can happen, which can lead to death if there is no one nearby to help.

Carbon monoxide is invisible to the human eye. That is why, at the initial stage, it is difficult to determine the exact diagnosis. When a patient comes to the doctor with such symptoms, he is a specialist, most likely he will consider everything as a viral infection. As a result, the disease will be treated completely incorrectly, and medicines from a viral infection will contribute to the development of carbon monoxide poisoning. For an accurate diagnosis, you need to insist that doctors conduct a blood test. It is worth noting that carbon monoxide poisoning involves complex treatment.

Consequences of carbon monoxide poisoning

It should be initially noted that the consequences of intoxication can manifest themselves both in the first days and over the next month, when the body will be rehabilitated.

If a person suffered from carbon monoxide, then in the future he may develop many diseases. Very often accompanied by an exacerbation of spasmodic diseases. Also, the sensitivity of the limbs can be significantly reduced. There are cases when a patient has hearing loss and cerebral edema, but these are very rare cases.

Further, diseases associated with the performance of the brain may develop. Memory will disappear, vision will deteriorate, intellectual ability will decrease, and there are even cases when mental disorders develop. These consequences are explained by the fact that with a lack of pure oxygen, the brain initially suffers and die in it. nerve cells which are no longer recoverable.

Concerning cardiovascular systems s, she is also at risk of diseases after poisoning. After a course of treatment, there may be problems with the heartbeat (often the rhythm goes astray) and this can eventually lead to a heart attack or provoke cardiac asthma.
Most often, after a course of treatment, lung diseases can manifest. They are the first to take a hit from carbon monoxide, so they get the most harm. The lungs may become inflamed or have swelling.

Most often, pregnant women, children and people who are prone to alcoholism suffer after treatment. Also, this list can be safely attributed to people who have problems with the respiratory system and heart. Treating dangerous carbon monoxide poisoning is a complex procedure, so it's best to prevent the risk of carbon monoxide.

Prevention after treatment

As mentioned above, carbon monoxide can lead to disastrous consequences. It can lead to health problems and even death. Carbon monoxide adversely affects the human body and is capable of making it disabled for life. No one is immune from poisoning. The apartment may leak, or a fire breaks out. However, in order to reduce the likelihood of carbon monoxide poisoning to zero, it is necessary to carry out prevention:

You need to check the ventilation of your home often. It is advisable to do this as often as possible, because if it becomes clogged with carbon monoxide, then you will slowly poison yourself.
Furnaces and chimneys must always be in perfect condition. Old equipment can be a source of carbon monoxide.
If you decide to lay out your oven at home, then it is advisable to use the services of specialists who are able to make a safe design.
In the event that you had to sleep in the car, remember to turn off the engine.
When you repair your car in a closed garage, either open the window or turn off the engine.
If you do not want your family to suffer from carbon monoxide, then you can purchase special home identifiers that immediately show that there is too much invisible harmful gas in the house.
When you have children, do not put flammable materials in a place accessible to them. This simple safety measure can reduce the risk of a house fire.

Carbon monoxide poisoning is one of the terminal (critical) conditions of a person, resulting in death. Usually occurs as a result of a malfunction furnace heating in countryside, when a person is in the seat of a fire, in a closed car with the engine turned on. The process of carbon monoxide poisoning has long been called carbon monoxide poisoning, hence the common name for this gas - carbon monoxide.

Carbon monoxide is completely odorless, carbon monoxide poisoning can occur very imperceptibly, and carbon monoxide is formed wherever there is a combustion process, even in the oven. At a content of 0.08% CO in the inhaled air, a person feels a headache and suffocation. With an increase in CO concentration to 0.32%, paralysis and loss of consciousness occur (death occurs after 30 minutes). At a concentration above 1.2%, consciousness is lost after 2-3 breaths, a person dies in less than 3 minutes. Therefore, he is very dangerous. The main reason for its formation of carbon monoxide is the lack of oxygen in the combustion zone. And then, instead of completely harmless carbon dioxide - a product of full-fledged burning of fuel - the same carbon monoxide is formed.

Mechanism of influence carbon monoxide per person is that when it enters the bloodstream, it binds hemoglobin cells. Then hemoglobin loses its ability to carry oxygen. And the longer a person breathes carbon monoxide, the less efficient hemoglobin remains in his blood, and the less oxygen the body receives. A person begins to suffocate, a headache appears, consciousness is confused. And if you do not go out into the fresh air in time (or do not take out the already unconscious person into the fresh air), then a lethal outcome is not ruled out. In the case of carbon monoxide poisoning, it takes a long time for the hemoglobin cells to be completely cleared of carbon monoxide. The higher the concentration of CO in the air, the faster the life-threatening concentration of carboxyhemoglobin in the blood is created. For example, if the concentration of carbon monoxide in the air is 0.02-0.03%, then for 5-6 hours of inhalation of such air, a concentration of carboxyhemoglobin of 25-30% will be created, if the concentration of CO in the air is 0.3-0.5% , then the lethal content of carboxyhemoglobin at the level of 65-75% will be reached after 20-30 minutes of a person's stay in such an environment.

symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning:
- there is muscle weakness

Dizziness

Noise in ears

Nausea

Drowsiness

sometimes, on the contrary, short-term increased mobility

then coordination disorder

hallucinations

Loss of consciousness

convulsions

Coma and death from paralysis of the respiratory center. The heart may still beat for some time after breathing has stopped. There have been cases of people dying from the consequences of poisoning even 2-3 weeks after the poisoning event.

The decisive moment in recognizing carbon monoxide poisoning may be the same manifestation of signs of poisoning in a large number people at the same time in the same building or the onset of improvement after a person has left it.

The most common sources- these are gas and oil stoves, a wood-burning stove, gas appliances, swimming pool heaters and engines that emit exhaust fumes. Cracked stoves, clogged chimneys, and blocked pipes can cause carbon monoxide to reach living quarters. Insufficient access fresh air to the stove can contribute to the accumulation of carbon monoxide in the house. Cramped houses also increase the risk of carbon monoxide poisoning because they do not provide free ventilation.

First aid in carbon monoxide poisoning.

# In case of carbon monoxide poisoning, eliminate the supply of carbon monoxide

# remove victim to fresh air

# if the victim is conscious, it is necessary to lay him down, provide rest and continuous access to fresh air (fan with a newspaper, turn on a fan or air conditioner)

# if the victim is unconscious, start chest compressions and artificial respiration immediately until the ambulance arrives or regains consciousness.
# Remember that during the removal of the victim from a place where there is a dangerous concentration of carbon monoxide, first of all, you need to protect yourself so as not to get poisoned too. To do this, you need to act quickly and breathe through a handkerchief, gauze.

If poisoning occurs carbon monoxide , then we are talking about a serious pathological condition. It develops if a certain concentration enters the body carbon monoxide .

This condition is dangerous to health and life, and if you do not turn to specialists for help in a timely manner, death from carbon monoxide can occur.

Carbon monoxide (carbon monoxide, CO) is a product that is released during combustion and enters the atmosphere. Since poison gas has no smell or taste, and it is impossible to determine its presence in the air, it is very dangerous. In addition, it can penetrate soil, walls, filters. Many are interested in the question, carbon monoxide is heavier or lighter than air, the answer is that it is lighter than air.

That is why it is possible to determine that the concentration of carbon monoxide in the air is exceeded using special devices. It is also possible to suspect CO poisoning if a person develops some signs rapidly.

In urban conditions, the concentration of carbon monoxide in the air is increased by vehicle exhaust gases. But car exhaust poisoning can only occur at high concentrations.

How CO affects the body?

This gas enters the blood very quickly and actively binds to. As a result, it produces carboxyhemoglobin , which is more closely related to hemoglobin than oxyhemoglobin (oxygen and hemoglobin). The resulting substance blocks the transfer of oxygen to tissue cells. As a result, it develops hemic type.

Carbon monoxide in the body binds to myoglobin (it is a protein of skeletal muscles and heart muscle). As a result, the pumping function of the heart decreases, and severe muscle weakness develops.

Also carbon monoxide enters into oxidative reactions, which disrupts the normal biochemical balance in the tissues.

Where can carbon monoxide poisoning occur?

Many situations can occur in which carbon monoxide poisoning is possible:

poisoning by combustion products during a fire;
in the premises where gas equipment, and at the same time there is no normal ventilation, not enough supply air, which is necessary for the normal combustion of gas;
in those industries where CO is involved in the reactions of synthesis of substances ( acetone , phenol );
in places where automobile exhaust gases can accumulate due to insufficient ventilation - in tunnels, garages, etc.;
at home, when there is a leakage of lighting gas;
when staying near very busy highways for a long time;
with prolonged use of a kerosene lamp, if the room is not ventilated;
if the oven damper is closed too early home oven, fireplace, sauna stove;
when using breathing apparatus with low-quality air.

Who can suffer from hypersensitivity to CO?

people who have been diagnosed with exhaustion of the body;
those who suffer , ;
future mothers;
teenagers, children;
those who smoke a lot;
people who abuse alcohol.

You should know that organs and systems in case of carbon monoxide poisoning are more quickly affected in women. The symptoms of poisoning are very similar. methane .

Signs of carbon monoxide poisoning

The following describes the symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning in humans, depending on the concentration of CO. Symptoms of household gas poisoning and poisoning from other sources manifest themselves in different ways, and by the way carbon monoxide (not carbon dioxide, as it is sometimes mistakenly called) acts on a person, one can assume how strong its concentration was in the air. However, carbon dioxide in high concentrations can also lead to poisoning and the manifestation of a number of alarming symptoms.

Concentration up to 0.009%

Clinical manifestations are noted after 3-5 hours:

decrease in the speed of psychomotor reactions;
increased blood flow in vital organs;
in people with heart failure in severe form, chest pain is also noted.

Concentration up to 0.019%

Clinical manifestations are noted after 6 hours:

performance decreases;
shortness of breath with moderate physical exertion;
headache , slightly pronounced;
visual impairment;
the death of those who suffer from severe heart failure is possible, and fetal death can also occur.

Concentration 0.019-0.052%

severe throbbing headache;
irritability, instability of the emotional state;
nausea;
impaired attention, memory;
fine motor problems.

Concentration up to 0.069%

Clinical manifestations are noted after 2 hours:

vision problems;
worse headache pain;
confusion;
weakness;
nausea, vomiting;
runny nose.

Concentration 0.069-0.094%

Clinical manifestations are noted after 2 hours:

severe dysmotility (ataxia);
appearance;
strong rapid breathing.

Concentration 0.1%

Clinical manifestations are noted after 2 hours:

weak pulse;
a state of fainting;
convulsions;
breathing becomes rare and superficial;
condition .

Concentration 0.15%

Clinical manifestations are observed after 1.5 hours. Manifestations are similar to the previous description.

Concentration 0.17%

Clinical manifestations are noted after 0.5 hours.

Manifestations are similar to the previous description.

Concentration 0.2-0.29%

Clinical manifestations are noted after 0.5 hours:

convulsions appear;
there is respiratory depression and cardiac activity;
coma ;
death is likely.

Concentration 0.49-0.99%

Clinical manifestations are noted after 2-5 minutes:

no reflexes;
pulse thready;
deep coma;
death.

Concentration 1.2%

Clinical manifestations are noted after 0.5-3 minutes:

convulsions;
lack of consciousness;
vomit;
death.

Symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning

The table below summarizes the symptoms that appear when varying degrees poisoning:

The mechanism of development of symptoms

Manifestation of symptoms different type associated with exposure to carbon monoxide. Let us consider in more detail the symptoms of various types and the features of the mechanisms of their manifestation.

neurological

The greatest sensitivity to hypoxia show nerve cells as well as the brain. That is why the development of dizziness, nausea, headache indicate that oxygen starvation of cells occurs. More severe neurological symptoms appear as a result of severe or irreversible damage to the nerve structures. In this case, convulsions, impaired consciousness occur.

Respiratory

When breathing quickens, the compensatory mechanism “turns on”. However, if the respiratory center is damaged after poisoning, the respiratory movements become superficial and ineffective.

Cardiovascular

Due to the lack of oxygen, more active cardiac activity is noted, that is, tachycardia . But due to hypoxia of the heart muscle, pain in the heart can also occur. If such pain becomes acute, it means that oxygen has completely stopped flowing to the myocardium.

Dermal

Due to a very strong compensatory blood flow to the head, the mucous membranes and skin of the head become blue-red.

If mild or moderate carbon monoxide poisoning or natural gas poisoning occurs, then for a long time a person may experience: dizziness and headaches. He also has memory impairment. intellectual ability, emotional fluctuations are noted, since during poisoning the gray and white matter of the brain is affected.

The consequences of severe poisoning, as a rule, are irreversible. Very often, such lesions end in death. In this case, the following severe manifestations are noted:

subarachnoid hemorrhages;
disorders of a skin-trophic nature (edema and tissue);
cerebral edema ;
violation of cerebral hemodynamics;
deterioration of vision and hearing up to complete loss;
polyneuritis ;
pneumonia in severe form, which complicates coma;

First aid for carbon monoxide poisoning

First of all, emergency care for carbon monoxide poisoning involves the immediate cessation of human contact with the gas that poisons the body, as well as the restoration of all important functions organism. It is extremely important that the one who turns out to be first aid, was not poisoned in the course of these actions. Therefore, if possible, it is necessary to put on a gas mask, and only after that go to the room where the poisoning occurred.

Before the start of PMP, it is necessary to take out or remove the one who suffered from the room in which the concentration of carbon monoxide is increased. You need to clearly understand what CO is what kind of gas, and how quickly it can harm the body. And since each breath of poisoned air will only increase negative symptoms, it is necessary to deliver the victim to fresh air as soon as possible.

No matter how quickly and professionally the first health care, even if the person feels relatively well, it is necessary to call ambulance. There is no need to be deceived by the fact that the victim is joking and laughing, because such a reaction can be provoked by the action of carbon monoxide on vital centers nervous system. Only a professional doctor can clearly assess the patient's condition and understand what to do in case of carbon monoxide poisoning.

If the degree of poisoning is mild, the victim should be given strong tea, warm it up and ensure complete rest.

If confusion is noted, or it is absent at all, you should lay the person on his side on a flat surface, make sure that he receives an influx of fresh air by unbuttoning his belt, collar, underwear. Give a sniff ammonia holding the cotton at a distance of 1 cm.

In the absence of a heartbeat and breathing, artificial respiration should be carried out, a sternum massage should be done in the projection of the heart.

At emergency you can't act recklessly. If there are still people in a burning building, you cannot save them on your own, as this can lead to an increase in the number of victims. It is important to immediately call the Ministry of Emergency Situations.

Even after a few breaths of CO poisoned air, death can occur. Therefore, it is a mistake to assume that protection from harmful influence carbon monoxide can be a wet rag or gauze mask. Only a gas mask can prevent the lethal effects of CO.

Treatment for carbon monoxide poisoning

Do not practice after poisoning treatment at home. A person in such a situation needs the help of specialists.

Provided that the victim is in a critical condition, doctors carry out a set of resuscitation measures. Immediately injected intramuscularly 1 ml of antidote 6%. The victim must be taken to the hospital.

It is important that in such conditions the patient is provided with complete rest. He is provided with breathing with pure oxygen (partial pressure 1.5-2 atm.) Or carbogen (composition - 95% oxygen and 5% carbon dioxide). This procedure is carried out for 3-6 hours.

Further, it is important to ensure the restoration of the functions of the central nervous system and other organs. The treatment regimen prescribed by the specialist depends on how severe the patient's condition is and whether the pathological reactions that occurred after the poisoning are reversible.

In order to prevent natural gas and CO poisoning, it is important to follow very carefully those rules that will help prevent dangerous situations.

If there is a risk of carbon monoxide poisoning during certain work, they should only be carried out in rooms that are well ventilated.
Carefully check the dampers of fireplaces, stoves, do not close them completely until the firewood is burned.
In a room where CO poisoning can potentially occur, it is necessary to install autonomous gas detectors.
If possible contact with carbon monoxide is planned, one capsule should be taken. Acizola half an hour before such contact. The protective effect will last up to two and a half hours after taking the capsule.

Azizol is a medicine domestic production, which is an effective and fast-acting antidote against acute poisoning CO. It creates an obstacle in the body for the formation carboxyhemoglobin , and also speeds up the process of removing carbon monoxide.

The sooner Acizol is administered intramuscularly in case of poisoning, the greater the chances of a person to survive. Also, this medicine increases the effectiveness of those measures that will subsequently be taken for resuscitation and treatment.

conclusions

Thus, carbon monoxide poisoning is a very dangerous condition. The higher the gas concentration, the more likely the death. Therefore, it is very important to be extremely careful to comply with all the rules of prevention, and at the first suspicion of such poisoning, immediately call for emergency care.

One of the most common and severe forms of intoxication is carbon monoxide poisoning, which causes serious damage to human systems and organs. Often, at high concentrations of a substance in the air, a fatal outcome is possible. During a fire, people often die because of poisoning by combustion products.

By the time the first appear characteristics intoxication, internal organs the human body has already suffered.

Intoxication with carbon monoxide occurs almost immediately. If the gas content in the air is in the range of 1.2-1.4% and the necessary assistance is not provided to a person, he dies within a few minutes.

First of all, under the influence of carbon monoxide, red blood cells - erythrocytes - are affected. They lose the ability to carry the necessary oxygen to tissue structures. In the process, acute hypoxia develops. The nervous system reacts to the ingress of gas into the body, malfunctioning.

In the future, skeletal muscles and myocardium begin to be affected. The heart does not pump blood to required quantities. It is important to respond as quickly as possible to carbon monoxide poisoning and provide first aid. Otherwise, the consequences may be unpredictable.

The most common causes of carbon monoxide poisoning are:

Car repair in a garage where there is no normal air ventilation (lung structures are affected and exhaust poisoning occurs).
Use of broken heaters.
Malfunctioning boilers.
Intoxication with household gases.
Poor ventilation in living quarters.
Fire.
Burning electrical appliances and interior parts.
Smoldering electrical wiring.

Stages of poisoning

Symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning differ depending on the stage of intoxication, therefore, treatment is carried out individually. Manifestations of a life-threatening condition can be lightning fast, and also occur for a couple of months after contact with carbon monoxide. The stages of the condition differ depending on the amount of poisonous substance inhaled. There are three degrees of severity of the lesion:

Light

The initial stage is characterized by the appearance of vomiting, weakness throughout the body, noise in the auricles. These reactions are characteristic of brain damage. It is the nervous system that first reacts to oxygen starvation.

Medium

This type is more pronounced. Symptoms of damage to the nervous system and brain intensify. Adynamia, trembling in muscle structures appear, the nature of the movements performed is disturbed. A few hours later, due to intoxication, the work of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems changes. There are tachycardia, myocardial insufficiency, the pulse quickens. A person can lose consciousness and, in the absence of timely assistance, die.

heavy

This degree of poisoning is characterized by the appearance of a coma in the victim for 7 days. Violations in the brain become irreversible, convulsive phenomena occur, a person cannot control the processes of bowel movement and urination. Breathing with a severe degree becomes intermittent, body temperature rises to 38.5-39.5 degrees.

signs

It is important to know the basic manifestations of carbon monoxide poisoning in order to respond as quickly as possible to changes in the body and provide emergency assistance. The first symptoms are cough, nausea and vomiting.

neurological

On the part of the nervous system, there are headaches localized in the forehead and temples, noise in the auricles, dizziness. In addition, the following are noted:

a sharp drop in hearing and vision;
convulsive phenomena;
loss of consciousness;
coma.

Dermal

There are no pronounced changes on the skin and mucous membranes during intoxication with carbon monoxide. Redness may occur in the initial stages, as well as pallor of the skin and mucous membranes in severe carbon monoxide poisoning.

Cardiovascular

For mild to moderate poisoning carbon dioxide changes such as a sharp increase in heart rate and blood pressure are observed, as well as pressing pains in the myocardium.

A severe degree of damage is characterized by the risk of developing pre-infarction conditions, while the number of heartbeats is up to 130 per minute.

Possible consequences

The consequences of carbon monoxide poisoning are conditionally divided into two types - early and late.

The first type of complications occurs 2–4 days after poisoning. Headaches appear, physical activity changes. In addition, you may experience:

loss of sensitivity in peripheral nerve endings;
disorders of the digestive tract;
swelling of the brain and pulmonary structures;
mental illness;
failures in the functioning of the myocardium;
heart failure.

Late types of complications after carbon monoxide poisoning occur on days 4–45. Characteristic for this stage are:

angina;
apathy;
blindness;
paralysis;
tremor of the limbs;
inflammation of the pulmonary structures of a rapid course;
myocardial infarctions.

Treatment

It is important to first take the victim outside and provide fresh air. If this is not possible, it is necessary to create a strong draft by opening all windows and doors. An ambulance needs to be called immediately.

Pre-hospital measures

Until the moment the medical team arrives, it is important to carry out a set of measures based on the maximum relief of the person's condition. Help with carbon monoxide poisoning is to do the following:

Release the victim's respiratory tract - provide a flow of fresh air and lay him on his side.
Give a sniff of ammonia in order to activate the breathing process.
Improve blood circulation in the sternum by applying mustard plasters and rubbing the chest.
To tone the nervous system, you can give the victim strong tea or coffee.

It is necessary that the person remains in the supine position. This will protect him from falling tongue or suffocation with vomit.

Pharmacy funds

In case of moderate and severe poisoning, the victim must be hospitalized and treatment is carried out in a hospital. The main antidote is oxygen. To do this, the patient is put on a special mask with oxygen supply from 9 to 16 liters per minute. In the absence of consciousness, intubation is performed and the person is transferred to a ventilator (artificial lung ventilation).

To eliminate the symptoms of carbon monoxide intoxication, the drug "Acyzol" is used. The main active ingredient of the drug is zinc bisvinylimidazole diacetate. This is a powerful antidote for carbon monoxide poisoning, medicinal and biological substances. Zinc diacetate is able to accelerate the breakdown of carboxyhemoglobin, helping to saturate the blood with oxygen, reducing the impact of toxic substances on cell structures nervous system and muscles.

Affected people after carbon monoxide poisoning need a complex of vitamin preparations that replenish the expended energy forces.

The video tells about first aid for victims of poisoning:

Alternative medicine

Complications of intoxication of the body can be avoided using methods traditional medicine. It is important to note that this type of treatment is combined with medical professional help. Excellent help to get rid of toxins in the body infusions (cranberry-lingonberry, from knotweed), tincture of alcohol from Rhodiola rosea and dandelion roots. It should be remembered that this is only an auxiliary therapy, and should not be the main emphasis on it.

Carbon monoxide poisoning is always easier to prevent than to treat later. By following the basic rules, you can protect yourself from serious consequences. Do not forget that even with mild degrees of poisoning with poisonous gas, you must definitely seek the advice of your doctor.

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Carbon monoxide is a poisonous substance that affects all body systems, which can lead to serious consequences and even death. This gas is dangerous because it does not manifest itself in any way either in color or in smell. Easily penetrates soil, walls and other materials.

Carbon monoxide is produced by incomplete combustion of any organic matter. Poisoning with it can be obtained on fires, with improper operation or malfunction gas stoves and heaters, when staying in enclosed spaces with a running car engine, in industries where gas is used for the reaction of the synthesis of substances.

Symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning can vary depending on the concentration of the substance and the period of exposure to the body. According to these indicators and the symptoms that have arisen, 3 forms of poisoning can be distinguished: mild, moderate and severe. Basically, signs of a negative impact will appear on the part of the cardiovascular, nervous, respiratory systems, as well as the skin.

The cardiovascular system

First of all, carbon monoxide affects blood cells, because of this it is often called "blood poison".

AT normal condition red blood cells transport oxygen throughout the body using hemoglobin (a special protein). Once in the blood, carbon monoxide acts on hemoglobin, forming a new compound with it - carboxyhemoglobin. It, in turn, is detrimental to all vital organs, since it does not allow hemoglobin to supply oxygen. In this regard, the entire body experiences oxygen starvation.

With mild and moderate carbon monoxide poisoning, signs from the cardiovascular system will be expressed as follows:

Rapid pulse and heartbeat;
Pain, pressing character behind the sternum in the region of the heart, indicate that the heart muscle lacks oxygen.

With a severe degree of intoxication, a person will feel the following symptoms:

Strongly fast pulse - up to 130 beats per minute, while it is difficult to listen to it;
Due to the lack of oxygen to the heart muscle, there is a high risk of developing a myocardial infarction.

Rapid heartbeats occur due to the fact that the body is trying to compensate for the lack of oxygen, more intense cardiac activity.

central nervous system

Nerve cells and the brain are most sensitive to oxygen deficiency. Therefore, the primary signs of carbon monoxide poisoning will appear precisely from the side of the nervous system.

With mild and moderate poisoning, the following symptoms will appear:

More severe neurological symptoms appear during a deep impact on the nervous structures, while the person will experience:

loss of consciousness;
Coma;
The appearance of seizures
Urination or defecation against will.

Respiratory and skin manifestations

Carbon monoxide intoxication can be determined by the work of the respiratory function of a person. If intoxication has occurred insignificant, then the victim begins to breathe often due to the fact that he does not have enough oxygen, there is shortness of breath.

In severe poisoning, breathing becomes superficial, may be interrupted for a while.

On the part of the skin and mucous membranes, there is a change in their color. If a slight poisoning occurs, then the skin of the face and head becomes unusually red. This is due to the fact that the resulting carboxyhemoglobin makes the blood redder. You should also pay attention to the skin in the area of \u200b\u200bthe hands. In severe condition, the skin, on the contrary, becomes pale with a faint pinkish blush.

Atypical symptoms of poisoning

Against the background of intoxication, when the body is damaged by carbon monoxide, atypical symptoms may develop for this case. Based on these symptoms, the following forms of poisoning are distinguished:

Fainting. The victim has a sharp drop in blood pressure, the skin becomes pale, he loses consciousness.
Euphoric - affects the psycho emotional condition sick. It develops due to the influence of a toxic substance on nerve cells. At the same time, a person may experience strong arousal, which affects his motor skills, see hallucinations, carry nonsense, and not navigate in space and time. With this form, there is a high risk of death. Often such a death is called "sweet", since a person does not experience pain, is in a state of euphoria and simply falls asleep.

There is also a lightning-fast form of intoxication. It occurs when the content of carbon monoxide in the room exceeds 1.2% per 1 cubic meter. A lethal outcome occurs within 2 minutes after a person inhales this gas. Death occurs due to respiratory paralysis.

Signs of chronic intoxication

Chronic carbon monoxide poisoning can occur in workers whose activities are associated with contact with this substance and long-term inhalation of low concentrations of gas.

At the same time, the patient complains of frequent headaches, noise in the head, general weakness, insomnia, loss of appetite, decreased visual acuity, loss of sensitivity in certain areas of the skin. Observed constant dizziness, pain in the heart, shortness of breath.

From the side of the central nervous system, asthenia may develop. Chronic intoxication contributes to the development of atherosclerosis, or its progression, if a person suffered from this pathology before poisoning.

In women, the menstrual cycle may be disturbed, it is difficult to get pregnant, in men - a decrease in sexual function.

Also, in victims with concomitant tuberculosis, the disease progresses, the body's defenses decrease.

Frequent manifestations of chronic poisoning are disorders from endocrine system, in particular, theriotoxicosis develops.

The rate of development and intensity of chronic symptoms in carbon monoxide poisoning depend on the individual characteristics of the body and the presence of concomitant diseases.

Who is at risk

Some people are more exposed to carbon monoxide than others. The following categories of people are more prone to intoxication:

Also, if there are pets in the house, they can be the first to notify that there is a danger of poisoning, since they will initially show symptoms. How less weight body, the sooner intoxication occurs after inhalation of carbon monoxide.

If the pet suddenly began to show malaise or died for no good reason, you should urgently open the windows and check the room for gas leaks.

First aid

If the symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning are confirmed, the treatment and its outcome will depend on the timely and correct first aid provided to the victim. To help a person, you first need to call an ambulance, while she is traveling, carry out a number of activities:

Remove the patient from the lesion to clean air.
If the person is unconscious, lay him down with his head turned to the side and try to bring him to his senses with the help of ammonia.
If the victim is conscious, you need to vigorously rub his whole body, give him a hot drink to drink. If the poisoning is severe, apply a cold compress to the chest and head.
If breathing is not felt, you need to try to start this function. Artificial respiration is done through a moistened handkerchief or gauze to avoid poisoning a healthy person.
If there is no pulse, before arrival medical workers an indirect heart massage is required.

When the first signs of intoxication appear, you should in any case consult a doctor, even if the symptoms are not significant. After all, it is difficult to determine for yourself what concentration of gas has entered the body and how long its effect lasts.