Components of doors. What kind of doors are there - let's understand the proposals. What is the name of the door frame?

The interior door is complex design, each element of which has its own name. We invite you to familiarize yourself with the basic concepts that will help you navigate the world of professional terms - what a door is made of and what each part of it is called.

Components and some elements of door decor

The door leaf is the movable opening part of the door. The canvas is attached in two ways: to a box on hinges (hinged) or to a sliding rail on rollers (sliding). A door may consist of one, two or more door leaves of a frame or panel structure. The frame canvas is lighter in weight (the internal cavities are filled with chipboard, MDF, solid wood blocks, honeycomb filling) and has more possibilities for decoration.

– a U-shaped frame structure on which the door leaf is hung. This is a stationary part of the door block, which is firmly fixed in the walls of the doorway.

Door straps frame structure– bars of wood located along the inner perimeter of the door coniferous species wood.

Middles are bars that serve as a connection between the strappings. Divide the interior space of the canvas into sections into which panels or glazing are installed.

Panels are parts of the door leaf that cover the space between the frames and mullions. Depending on the type of connection with the harness, they are divided into smooth, with a frame, floating, with a figare, with layouts.

Molding is a decorative (shaped) profile that divides the door leaf into parts. The molding frames the panel or glass.

Layouts are slats with a relief profile that strengthen panels or glass. They also serve decorative element on simple smooth surfaces of the door leaf.

Frame (glazing bead) is a thin strip with which panels or glass are attached to the frame. Creates a reliable frame for fastening fabric elements.

The door strip (door strip) is a strip with a relief profile that closes the rebate (gap, gap between the leaves) of double-leaf doors.

Door slabs are small bars with a shaped profile that divide the glazed part of the door into separate segments. They strengthen and make the entire structure of the canvas stronger.

Skirting is a long panel fixed horizontally, which covers installation seams and cavities between the floor and the wall.

– overhead strips covering joints and gaps between door frame and a wall. They serve as a decorative element of the door frame; they are flat, rounded, figured, telescopic and with a key. The dimensions and materials of the platbands depend on the type of door leaf.

Threshold – a special block installed at the bottom of the doorway. Serves to improve heat and sound insulation and fire resistance of the door. The threshold covers the joint between floors in adjacent rooms, and also equalizes the difference between floors at different levels.

Seals – gaskets of a tubular or more complex cross-section installed around the perimeter of the door frame. They reduce heat loss and perform noise and dust insulation functions.

Despite the apparent variety of designs, all interior doors are divided into two large groups: paneled and panel.

Doors with paneled sashes are the most attractive, but also the most difficult to manufacture, and therefore the most expensive. Due to their frame construction, the doors are lightweight and can accommodate a variety of architectural panel treatments.

Paneled door leaves consist of frame bars that form the frame of the door, mullions (intermediate bars) and panels - panels that fill the space between the bars. The bottom block of the strapping is often made thicker, and it can be single (solid) or consist of several bars of smaller thickness. It should be borne in mind that the stronger the door, the more mullions, and therefore panels, it has, however, with an increase in the number of mullions, the cost of the door increases.

Sometimes it is attached to the bottom bar of the harness protective board- plinth. To secure the panels in the trim bars and the centerpiece, special grooves are selected into which the panels are inserted when assembling the door.

Door leaf panel The structure consists of facings - a strapping frame made of bars, and a shield. Panel doors can be solid or frame. When framed, the sash consists of a frame (frame) made of wooden blocks. Between the outermost vertical or horizontal bars of the trim, at certain intervals, stiffening bars are inserted, which prevent the cladding from sagging.

Door leaf- this is the movable opening part of the door. The canvas is often of frame construction. In the case of a frame structure, used to lighten the weight of the canvas and provide greater possibilities for decoration, the internal cavities not occupied by the structure are filled with either honeycomb filler, or chipboard, MDF, or solid wood blocks. Typically, the canvas is hung using hinges on the box, or using rollers on a sliding rail. A door can consist of one, two or more door leaves.

Door frame - assembly unit door block of a frame structure, designed for hanging canvases and fixedly attached to the walls of the doorway.

Door straps(with a frame solution) - these are bars, mainly made of coniferous wood, located around the perimeter of the door. (No. 1 in the figure)

Sredniki- bars that divide the internal space of the canvas into sections for the subsequent installation of panels or glass, and serve as a connection between the straps. (No. 2 in the figure)

Panels- panels made of thin boards, plywood or plastic, filling the space between the frames and mullions. Based on the type of connection with the strapping, the panels are divided into smooth, with a frame, floating, with a figare, and with layouts. (No. 3 in the figure)

Mold- shaped profile on the edges framing the panel or glass. (No. 4 in the figure)

Layouts- these are embossed profile slats attached to the front surfaces of the door leaf and serve to “revitalize” appearance simple smooth surfaces or, at the same time, reinforcing panels or glass. (No. 5 in the figure)

Baguette frame (or glazing bead)- an intermediate frame element for attaching panels or glass to the frame.

Jaws or door strips- These are embossed profile slats designed to cover the vestibule of double-leaf doors.

Door slabs- blocks with a shaped profile, intended for dividing the glazed part of the door and strengthening the glass, as well as strengthening the entire structure of the door leaf.

Platbands- wooden profile strips used for framing doorway and to cover the gaps between the frame and the wall. Platbands are flat, rounded, figured, telescopic and doweled. Their sizes and finishing and manufacturing materials are also different. (No. 6 in the figure)

Narthex- the place of abutment (connection) of the door leaf with the door frame pillars. This is a protruding part on the outside of the door leaf or with inside frames that cover the gap between them when the door is closed. The narthex is usually included in the design of doors, the hinges of which are located on the vertical side planes of the door leaf. The rebate is most often absent if the door block uses hinges installed at the top and bottom of the door leaf.

Threshold- a special block in the floor, at the bottom of the doorway, which serves to improve thermal insulation, sound insulation, fire resistance of the door, as well as to cover the joint between floors made of different materials in adjacent rooms. It also applies if there are differences in floor levels in adjacent rooms.

Sealant- elastic gaskets of a tubular or more complex cross-section, running along the entire perimeter of the doors between the frame and the leaves. Seals are widely used in the production of doors and are installed both in the box to dampen noise when closing the door, and in the grooves where glass is then placed.

Types of interior door designs

Massive doors
Doors of this type are made of various, valuable types of wood. The price of such products, as a rule, is significantly higher than doors with honeycomb filling, and they weigh more. To emphasize the structure of the wood, the manufacturer paints them with various wood impregnations or simply transparent varnishes. In addition to the decorative function, such processing also plays another role. The door is less susceptible to damage by fungi, mold, insects, and is more resistant to fading in light. Such doors are also called simply - array. They can be smooth or paneled, blind or under glass, left- or right-handed, painted, veneered, laminated, etc.

Semi-massive doors
The wooden blocks between two MDF sheets in such a door leaf are not located “joint to joint”, but at some distance from each other. Otherwise, everything said about massive doors is also true for semi-massive ones.

Doors with honeycomb filling
You've probably seen honeycombs made of wax. Exactly the same honeycombs, only made of pressed cardboard, less often made of hardboard, fill the void inside the door. The door frame is made, as a rule, from solid pine, which allows you to embed a lock on one vertical side and attach door hinges on the other. The strength of such doors, of course, is inferior to that of solid doors, and they are not recommended for use as entrance doors. But indoors (offices, apartments, houses, etc.) - this is the most suitable option. And one should not doubt their strength for these purposes. Door leaf with honeycomb filling can easily withstand loads of up to 80 kg. Just like solid and semi-solid doors, doors with honeycomb filling can be smooth or paneled, solid or under glass, left- or right-handed, painted, veneered, laminated, etc. Such doors are also called lightweight doors.

Paneled doors
The fabric on both sides of these doors is not smooth. Doors, as a rule, have embedded rectilinear or rounded decorative recesses. They can be: lightweight, solid or semi-massive, glass or solid, painted, veneered, laminated, etc.

Smooth doors
The direct opposite of paneled doors. Such doors have absolutely smooth surface. Otherwise, everything said for paneled doors is also true for smooth ones.

Veneered doors
Veneer is a thin cut from wood (literally as thick as thin cardboard). Various tree species are used as raw materials. This same veneer is used to cover door leaves.

Laminated doors
Typically, smooth doors with laminate glued on them, decorated to look like different types of wood or painted in different colors.

Laminated doors
Almost the same as laminate. The only difference is that this coating is less wear-resistant than laminate. It’s true that such doors are cheaper than laminated ones.

Doors with a rebate (with a quarter)
There is also such a thing as a porch or quarter. At the end of the door leaf, on two or more sides, three quarters of the thickness of the door leaf is selected and one quarter is left. Thus, complete with the corresponding door frame, such a door when closed has no visible gaps between the frame and the door leaf.

In order to correctly assess the quality of the door you choose, let’s dive into the terminology. So, what can a regular interior door consist of?

The main components are the door leaf and moldings.

Door leaf

This is the part that opens and closes the opening. The canvas can be made of solid wood, MDF or chipboard, and also have an internal frame made of solid pine and a honeycomb structure. Canvases made of solid wood or chipboard weigh from 20 to 30 kg. Doors made of honeycomb filling have a lightweight design, and their weight is 10-15 kg, while they can withstand a load of up to 80 kg. The advantages of this filling are good sound insulation, environmental friendliness, resistance to temperature and humidity changes.

In addition, the door leaf can be smooth or paneled, solid or glazed.

Moldings

The molding is used to install the door and gives the product a finished look. It consists of a box, platbands and extensions. There are 2 types of moldings - standard and telescopic.

Telescopic molding differs from the standard one in that it has grooves that allow you to expand the door frame to the required thickness by extending the extension and platbands.

Box This design is a fixed door profile on which a door leaf, two vertical posts and a horizontal crossbar are hung using hinges. There are door frames different forms: from traditional rectangular to complex curly. The box may have longitudinal slots for telescopic platbands. To manufacture this part, either solid wood or MDF is used.

Platbands. Platbands perform the function of covering the junction of the door leaf and frame. They are mainly made from solid wood or MDF covered with veneer. They can be overhead and telescopic. Overhead trims are mounted with glue or screws quick installation. The main difference between telescopic platbands is that they are very easy to adjust during installation, since they have wings for insertion into the corresponding box, and this greatly simplifies the installation and allows you to close wide walls, hiding all the cracks.

Dobor. An extension is a bar for expanding the door frame (if the wall is wider than the door frame). Since doors are produced according to standard sizes, the width of the door frame is also standard (usually 70 mm). If the wall thickness is greater than this size, an additional strip is used. The extensions are made from the same veneer as the doors. Such panels are installed close to the box or in a special groove. The addition improves the appearance of the door leaf and gives the entire structure solidity.

When choosing a door, it is important to remember such elements as the seal, threshold and fittings.

Sealant

The seal serves for sound insulation and shock absorption when closing the door, and also helps reduce the penetration of dust into the room. It is very important that the seal in the door frame is soft. Since a solid seal will either not evenly adhere to the surface of the door, or considerable effort will have to be made to close the door.

Threshold

This wooden block, located at the bottom of the doorway. The threshold serves to improve sound insulation, thermal insulation and increases the fire resistance of the door. They can also cover the junction with a threshold floor coverings or differences in floor levels in adjacent rooms.

Accessories

This is one of the most important components doors: hinges, handles, door bolts, locks, safety chains, closers. At the same time, each detail performs its function. “Fittings” can be different, the main thing is that it is of high quality and matches the style and design of the door.

Door leaf- this is the movable opening part of the door. The canvas can be frame or panel construction. In the case of a frame structure, used to lighten the weight of the canvas and provide greater possibilities for decoration, the internal cavities not occupied by the structure are filled with either honeycomb filler, or chipboard, MDF, or solid wood blocks. Typically, the canvas is hung using hinges on the box, or using rollers on a sliding rail. A door can consist of one, two or more door leaves.

Door frame- an assembly unit of a door block of a frame structure, intended for hanging panels and fixedly attached to the walls of the doorway.

Door panel straps (with frame solution)
- these are bars, mainly made of coniferous wood, located around the perimeter of the door.

Sredniki
- bars that divide the internal space of the canvas into sections for the subsequent installation of panels or glass, and serve as a connection between the straps.

Panels
- shields filling the space between the trims and mullions. Based on the type of connection with the strapping, the panels are divided into smooth, with a frame, floating, with a figare, and with layouts.

Mold
- shaped profile on the edges framing the panel or glass.

Layouts
- These are embossed profile slats attached to the front surfaces of the door leaf and serve to “revive” the appearance of simple smooth surfaces or, at the same time, strengthen panels or glass.

Frame (or bead)
- an intermediate frame element for attaching panels or glass to the frame.

Jaws or door strips
- These are embossed profile slats designed to cover the vestibule of double-leaf doors.

Door slabs
- blocks with a shaped profile, intended for dividing the glazed part of the door and strengthening the glass, as well as strengthening the entire structure of the door leaf.

Decorative overlays (false croakers)
- overhead decorative profiles, glued to glass or double-glazed windows from the inside or outside and forming a false binding (false binding).

Skirting
- a sewn-on narrow panel, with the help of which the installation seams and cavities that arise between the floor and the wall when installing floors are closed.

Platbands
- wooden (plastic) profile strips used to frame the doorway and to cover the gaps between the frame and the wall. Platbands are flat, rounded, figured, telescopic and doweled. Their sizes and finishing and manufacturing materials are also different.

Nightstands
- the transition from the platbands to the baseboards and floor is decorated with bedside tables.

Narthex
- the place of abutment (connection) of the door leaf with the door frame pillars. This is a protruding part on the outside of the door leaf or on the inside of the frame that closes the gap between them when the door is closed. The narthex is usually included in the design of doors, the hinges of which are located on the vertical side planes of the door leaf. The rebate is most often absent if the door block uses hinges installed at the top and bottom of the door leaf.

Threshold
- a special block in the floor, at the bottom of the doorway, which serves to improve thermal insulation, sound insulation, fire resistance of the door, as well as to cover the junction between floors made of different materials in adjacent rooms. It also applies if there are differences in floor levels in adjacent rooms.

Low tide
- a part designed to remove water and protect the lower parts of windows and balcony doors from moisture penetration. Usually the ebb is installed on the outer side of the lower horizontal profile of the window and is its integral part.

Profile
- a measured section of a product produced by extrusion, with a given shape and cross-sectional dimensions. This technology is usually used for the manufacture of profiles from aluminum alloys. These profiles are used in the production of modern window and door frames.

Profile system
- a set (set) of main and additional profiles forming a complete structural system of door (window) blocks, reflected in technical documentation for its manufacture, installation and operation.

Seals
- elastic gaskets of a tubular or more complex cross-section, running along the entire perimeter of the window between the frame and sashes and protecting against cold air, noise and moisture. Seals are also widely used in the production of doors and are installed both in the box to dampen noise when closing the door, and in the grooves where glass is then placed.

Reinforcing liner
- profile steel element, installed in the main chamber of the main profile to absorb operational loads. Panel - an area highlighted with thin profiled frames, a shield made of thin boards, plywood or plastic, covering the gap in the frame of the door leaf.

Doors with honeycomb filling
You've probably seen honeycombs made of wax. Exactly the same honeycombs, only made of pressed cardboard, less often made of hardboard, fill the void inside the door. The door frame is made, as a rule, from solid pine, which allows you to embed a lock on one vertical side and attach door hinges on the other. The strength of such doors, of course, is inferior to that of solid doors, and they are not recommended for use as entrance doors. But indoors (offices, apartments, houses, etc.) is the most suitable option. And one should not doubt their strength for these purposes. Door leaf with honeycomb filling can easily withstand loads of up to 80 kg. Just like solid and semi-solid doors, doors with honeycomb filling can be smooth or paneled, solid or under glass, left- or right-handed, painted, veneered, laminated, etc. Such doors are also called lightweight doors.

Smooth doors
The direct opposite of paneled doors. These doors have an absolutely smooth surface. Otherwise, everything said for paneled doors is also true for smooth ones.

Doors with glass
Window frames of various configurations are embedded into such doors. The buyer can choose the glass according to his taste. Here he will not experience any difficulties in choosing. A great variety of them are now offered: - corrugated, matte, stained glass, etc.

The doors are solid
These doors do not have window frames.

Single doors
An ordinary door consisting of one leaf.

Double-leaf swing doors (equal and unequal)
The door consists of two panels. These doors are also divided into equal and unequal. In equal-sex swing doors both canvases are the same width; for unequal-field ones, one of the canvases is much narrower, which can also be called widening.

Veneered doors
Veneer is a thin cut from wood (literally as thick as thin cardboard). Various tree species are used as raw materials. This same veneer is used to cover the door panels.

Laminated doors
Typically, smooth doors with laminate glued on them, decorated to look like different types of wood or painted in different colors.

Laminated doors
Almost the same as laminate. The only difference is that this coating is less wear-resistant than laminate. It’s true that such doors are cheaper than laminated ones.

Left-hand doors
Standing in front of the door, we open it toward ourselves with our left hand. Door hinges(in a box) on which the door is hung are located on the left, a lock with a handle, etc., is built in on the right - the door is left-handed.

Right-hand doors
We open the door towards ourselves right hand. The door hinges (in the frame) on which the door is hung are located on the right, the lock with handle, etc., is built in on the left - the door is right-handed.

Fireproof or fire-resistant doors (fireproof)
As the name implies, these doors have special properties and meet increased requirements for fire resistance and sound insulation. They can be decorated with any of the above materials and colors. But their price is correspondingly higher than non-fire doors.

Door hardware
We are talking about locks, handles, plumbing latches (rotary knobs), cylinders (cores) and plugs. Manufacturers meet customers' needs, so the choice here is also very large. Try not to make a mistake in selecting hardware components and purchase them as a set. Although, now there are certain standards and successful combinations are possible. Yes, and don't forget about door hinges. When choosing them, take into account whether your door will be left-handed or right-handed. Some manufacturers already equip their products with embedded locks at the factory.

Door frames, platband
Usually supplied with the door. Both MDF and various types of wood are used as raw materials. There are boxes that are adjustable to the thickness of the walls. They can be painted or decorated with veneer or laminate. The same can be said about the platband.

Take your time when choosing a door - with the current number of offers, you can probably find a cheaper and better product. To be confident in your choice, understand what kind of doors there are, how they differ, what design features have.

Classification by materials - what are doors made of?

There are many classifications of door leaves, and it would be best to start with the classification according to the materials from which they are made. Wooden doors come first on this list. If previously wood products were something ordinary and ordinary, today they are often elite products. The fashion for environmentally friendly materials, as well as the rising cost of raw materials, is having an impact.

Just as there are no two identical snowflakes, there are no two identical wooden doors - thanks to the endless variety of patterns of wood fibers, even products made according to the same drawing will still be different and original. Modern designers have learned to use the features of wood texture in a new light - instead of covering it with a layer of paint or varnish, today it is fashionable to emphasize the natural color and pattern.

Wood “breathes”, purifies the air in the room, and improves energy. And buying a wood product won’t necessarily cost a pretty penny – functional and practical pine doors are available even for a small budget.

Of course, oak or a more exotic species will cost much more. The list of products made from natural raw materials includes veneered doors. In this case, the frame is covered with a thin cut of wood. various breeds– veneer. The thickness of the veneer is slightly larger than cardboard. Such products are inexpensive, but they cannot boast of durability. They should be considered only as a temporary option.

Masonite doors are an option for economical use of wood. In this case, the main fabric is made from pressed small chips, with the addition of various stabilizers and modifiers. Thanks to the additives, the canvas receives a significant margin of strength and durability. Valuable wood veneer is glued onto it, which ensures a beautiful appearance.

K relatively natural products These include laminated and laminated doors, which are also made from MDF boards, but are covered with an artificial coating that imitates the pattern and texture of wood. Laminated products are less durable, but their cost is low, but laminated ones will last a very long time.

Metal and plastic - product features

Statistics say that 80% of new doors are made of metal. However, metal differs from metal - on the market you will find offers for every pocket.

Aluminum doors – have increased resistance to aggressive substances. They soundproof and insulate the room well, and provide high level fire safety. Aluminum products are in steady demand on the market - in addition to all the listed qualities, they are very durable. The disadvantage of such doors is their high price. Compared to PVC products, they cost 2–3 times more. In addition, aluminum reacts with substances contained in rainwater. If such products are used as external doors, they need additional protective coating.
Steel ones are known for their reliability and burglary resistance. High-quality products are made of steel with a thickness of at least 1.5 mm. The metal must be treated with anti-corrosion paints, and the design must include a layer of thermal insulation. fireproof.
Plastic products - used mainly as internal doors. Their main advantage is an unlimited range of colors, ease of production and installation, and interesting design ideas.
Glass doors are also mainly used indoors due to their interesting property visually expand the space. Glass is a material with a low thermal conductivity coefficient, and therefore protects the building well from temperature changes. You can create almost any pattern from glass, apply tinting or engrave. The disadvantage of glass products is their high level of sound transmission.

Types of doors and their designs - method of opening

All doors can be divided into classes according to the method of opening. The most common option is swing doors. Products can be both internal and external, solid and glazed. IN modern designs sliding thresholds are provided that lower automatically when the doors are opened - this significantly increases the thermal insulation qualities of the products. The simplicity of the design still has one drawback - the door leaf requires space to open, which may not exist in a cramped room.

Sliding designs do not have this disadvantage. They allow you to create interesting interiors, visually increase space in cramped rooms. Most often, such solutions can be found in offices, but gradually sliding doors are moving in and residential apartments. Today this is a very popular solution for sliding wardrobes, as well as for dividing adjacent rooms. Sliding automatic systems often used as .

Door leaf in sliding system goes into a cavity inside the wall or moves over it. On the market you can find offers from two sliding panels or one sliding one. The canvases are mounted on one of the guides or on both. Plus of fixing on the top guide - visual increase floor plane, however, when there is a draft, the structure becomes loose, which leads to breakdowns. Door leaves attached to the bottom track or both are more stable, but in this case you will have to put up with the threshold. Experts recommend hiding it in the floor, but in this case, debris will often accumulate in the voids.

Folding, swinging, stable doors - these types of doors are extremely rare in residential and office premises. In the case of folding doors, the door consists of separate sections that fold into an accordion when moving in the doorway. The complexity of the design determines their rare use in interiors.

Swinging doors can only be found in the subway and public buildings - they swing open in both directions. They can only be found on sale in specialized stores. Stable structures are applicable in premises where animals are kept. The door leaf consists of lower and upper parts, which move independently of each other. This allows you to open top part doors for ventilation of the room - in this case, animals will not be able to leave the room. Or, on the contrary, open the bottom half to let the animals out, but at the same time retain the heat.

What kind of doors are there - features of door leaves

When wondering what door sizes are available, do not forget to check in which house you are going to install the door leaf. If this is a Khrushchev building, then in 80% of cases there are doors 2000 mm * 800 mm between rooms. The door leading to the kitchen in such houses is 10 cm narrower, and the door leaf in the bathroom is another 10 cm narrower. For houses built during Stalin's era, the dimensions can be the most unpredictable - for example, there are doors with a height of 2300 mm and a width of 750 mm.

In houses of more modern construction, interior paintings have parameters on average of 2000 mm * 700 mm (800 mm). In a word, you don’t have to change the dimensions of the doorway - it’s much easier to find one already ready-made option, which fits perfectly into the existing parameters.

The width of the doors is also determined by fire safety requirements. So, if in residential buildings in all rooms the doors are single-sided or, at most, one-and-a-half (from two halves different widths), then in public buildings Only doors should be installed in two halves. The second half closes with latches and, if necessary, opens to increase throughput.

In addition, door leaves can be solid (solid) or with glass inserts. Glazed doors visually expand the boundaries of the room and allow light to pass from one room to another. Blind canvases can be made from solid wood. This option is quite expensive, and the door turns out to be very heavy. Wood must be impregnated with all sorts of substances that will protect it from moisture and the spread of fungus.

Among the blank canvases, paneled ones are often found - in this case, decorative round or straight elements (panels) are cut into the canvas. These doors are distinguished by their beauty and craftsmanship. Instead of panels there may be inserts made of frosted or reinforced glass.