Processing fire protection of wooden structures. Review of antiseptics for external wood processing. Antiseptic for painted and old wood

Any structure built of wood needs protection from fire. To date, there is no protection capable of completely preventing the combustion of the material. At the same time, on construction market you can find substances that hinder the combustion of wood. They include flame retardants, allowing you to buy time to eliminate the fire. They are long time protect wood from flames. There are several types of such fire. protective compounds, which differ in chemical and physical processes occurring during the impact of fire on the material. In addition to flame retardants, antiseptics are added to some formulations that can resist rotting of the material and the formation of mold on wood. Such a composition is called "Fire bioprotection of wood."

How to choose fire bioprotection for wood

On sale there are compositions with three different protective properties:

Material melting. During exposure to fire on the surface of the wood is formed protective film blocking the access of oxygen to the material. This significantly slows down the combustion process.
Material swelling. Upon contact of the protective substance with the flame, the process of foaming of the material begins, due to which the access of fire to the surface of the wood is completely blocked.
Decomposition of the protective agent. During this process, gases are released that are not able to support combustion. They prevent the penetration of oxygen to the wood, thereby protecting certain time material from exposure to flame.

Fire bioprotective impregnations are divided into water-soluble and organic-soluble. The former are more in demand, as they are environmentally friendly and easy to use.
An important point when choosing an impregnation is the efficiency group. Fire protection of wood is produced only in two groups I and II. Choose them depending on the desired result. The second group is considered a hardly flammable substance. Wood impregnated with such a substance after exposure to fire should lose no more than 25% of the mass. In order to ensure not only the material's flame retardancy, but fire resistance, impregnation of the first group is used with a maximum weight loss of up to 8%. It is used for residential buildings.
Consider several brands of fire bioprotection for wood:

Fire bioprotection "Senezh"

This protection is for wooden structures and structures.

Impregnation can be used both indoors and outdoors without exposure to precipitation. The maximum fire protection period is 5 years.

Biosecurity Senezh is able to prevent the occurrence of mold and beetles for 20 years. Impregnation of the l group is consumed within 600 g/m2, and the ll group - 300 g/m2.

Fire protection "Olympus"

Impregnation Olympus of the first group is used in internal and external works. The maximum validity of the substance is 7 years. Biosecurity is valid for 10 years. The material is consumed within 550 g/m2.

Impregnation of the second group is less effective and is able to maintain its fire retardant properties for 5 years and bioprotective properties for up to 10 years.

The consumption of the substance is 500 g/m2. This substance after coating gives the wood a reddish tint.

Fire bioprotection "Pirilaks"

Pirilax impregnation differs from the two previous ones by the presence of preservatives in the composition, which prevent premature aging and cracking of wood. The material also has two degrees of protection. The duration of fire protection depends on climatic influences. External walls that are not exposed to precipitation will be protected from fire for 5 years. Indoors, the action of fire and bioprotection of wood will reach 12 years. Material consumption depending on the desired result will be different from 100 to 400 g/m2.

Lumber can be short-lived if left untreated.

Any untreated tree is afraid of bugs, spiders, rodents and more small creatures e.g. fungi. In addition, it darkens or grays when exposed to ultraviolet light. The paradox is that impregnation with toxic components negates all the environmental friendliness of lumber. Therefore, it is worth learning how to find safe compounds.

Attention! Rounding is considered not strong, because. the top, strongest, is removed from the log protective layer. For her, impregnation is simply necessary.

Classification of antiseptics

Antiseptic - a special water-repellent composition that protects wood from insects and microorganisms.

Division by composition:

water soluble. For lumber not in contact with moisture;
oil. They are used only for outdoor work due to the specific smell;
with organic solvents. Perfectly protects internal and external walls, creating a dense waterproof film;
combined mixtures, which include several components with different tasks. For example, protection from insects, plus fire resistance (flame retardant).

Division by purpose of use:

preservative. Protect during storage, transport and construction downtime. They do not form films, allowing lumber to "breathe". Save from pests and mold;
bleaching. To eliminate blue in the early stages or for processing before staining;
indelible. Most powerful look antiseptics, preserving the support of the house throughout the life of the wood. Not afraid of exposure to soil and water;
protective. Used for indoor and outdoor use, can be colorless or decorative, toning wood different colors and shades;
fire retardant. There are two classes of efficiency, as well as coloring and colorless;
decorative and toning for finishing works.

The best antiseptic for wood - water based

Depending on the purpose of the work, you can choose one or another antiseptic, the purpose of which is indicated on the package. Experts believe that it is better to buy not universal option, but narrowly focused, it will be more effective.

It is desirable that the quality composition has several characteristics:

Shelf life over 1 year. If less, it means that this is a low-quality product, because. the main component of inexpensive mixtures, the biocide, decomposes rapidly.
The best option for wood is a water-based mixture.
Safe for animals and people, non-volatile.
Low consumption combined with a high degree of protection. The product should be as liquid as possible, providing full impregnation.
Extending the life of wood by 3-5 times.
The composition should not contain salts, otherwise it will leave stains.

Advice. Preservatives may react differently to other wood materials. Therefore, before buying, it is worth considering the entire cycle of work, from processing to finishing.

Highly important point- application temperature. Experts are sure that 99% of all existing antiseptics cannot be applied at sub-zero temperatures. Some sellers claim that wood can be heated and processed, but this is not the case. If you need a composition for applying in the winter, you need to look for it very carefully.

Examples of impregnating antiseptics

The advantages of impregnating compounds are that they penetrate deeply and form a reliable "antiseptic" barrier. Any antiseptic of such action is diluted with water or a solvent, for example, White Spirit. The water option is considered the best, because. it dries quickly and has no smell.

Known impregnating antiseptics:

Reliable Tikkurila brand with Finnish antiseptic "Valtti Color". It has 16 colors, diluted with White Spirit. Suitable for processing timber, cylindering, and other surfaces. The cost is high, but the consumption is also economical: 1 l. per 10 sq.m. It is considered one of the most reliable options.
The famous Russian brand Senezh with popular antiseptics "Senezh-Aquadecor", "Ultra", "Sauna". Diluted with water, have 16 shades. "Senezh-Aquadecor" costs 2 p. cheaper than the Finnish product, but not inferior in terms of economy. 1 l. enough to process 13 sq.m of any wooden surface, and 1 layer is enough. Minus - the composition is not always effective, as evidenced by some negative reviews.
Indelible antiseptic "Neomid 430" from the Russian company Neomid. Able to protect lumber from high humidity. In general, the company's products are inexpensive, because antiseptics are packaged in a dry, concentrated form.

Domestic and foreign antiseptics that create a film

The fundamental difference of this type is in the creation of a film on the surface of lumber. It repels water and protects against other harmful influences. The film may crack, so such compositions are best used for internal works.

Antiseptic "Pinotex" made in Finland. A proven, high-quality composition with an incredible number of shades.
The Russian manufacturer Rogneda with the product "Eurotex" has 16 names of colors. Feature - the presence of wax, which leads to an amazing glossy sheen. The expense is significant, but the tool is inexpensive.
Belinka Base from Slovenia offers high-quality antiseptics deep penetration. Basically, they have no color and are designed to protect wood from insects and blue due to high humidity. Diluted with a solvent.

Advice. Mixtures with organic solvents should be applied at a temperature of +5ºС. Water-based compositions - at + 10ºС.

Proper processing should begin with cleaning the wood. This can be done with a scraper or a cloth soaked in white spirit. When the surfaces are dry and clean, an antiseptic can be applied to them. And, first of all, it is necessary to process the damaged surfaces.

Fire bioprotection is designed to minimize the fire hazard of a wooden structure by slowing down the combustion process. Into the composition of the fire protective agent includes flame retardants based on boron, ammonium phosphate, ammonium chloride. Most often, fire protection also has an antiseptic property, which resists the development of fungus, mold and the reproduction of harmful insects. Characteristics that the best special tool for wood should have: do not lose your chemical properties under the influence of external conditions ( high humidity, temperature differences), have a slow evaporation process, have a sufficient service life, be safe if used indoors. You can choose a tool, both according to user reviews, and independently using the information received.

Characteristics, features and properties

Due to the fact that the special tool directly affects the technique fire safety, it is presented with many characteristics and features and has a tangible difference in price. Fire bioprotection is unable to completely protect a wooden structure from fire, but it can greatly contribute to the preservation of the structure from the destructive effects of fire, as well as gain time for a rescue operation. You can find out the fire and bioprotection group by the marking on the packaging of the special equipment. According to the effectiveness of the refractory agent is divided into two types:

1st group - effectively protects against fire, the flame spreads slowly. During a fire, bioprotection allows you to save 70% of the construction area. For residential premises it is recommended to use the 1st group.
2nd group - effectively protects against the rapid spread of flame, but the agent evaporates quickly, therefore, in case of an untimely reaction wooden building lose up to 90% of the construction area.

Advice. the effectiveness of special equipment depends on the number of layers applied: the 2nd group of protective equipment can be equal to the first with repeated surface treatment.

An example of packaging for fire and bioprotection of the 2nd group from the market assortment

Types of funds realization

For ease of application, refractory raw materials are sold in several forms:

Impregnation. It is divided into two subtypes according to the depth of absorption: surface - penetrate deep into the beam by 6 mm, more advantageous due to the ease of application with a brush, spray, roller; deep penetration - impregnate wood 12 mm deep, for use you will need professional equipment. When applied, impregnations change the color structure, therefore they are applied before final finishing. The advantage of impregnation is the absence of smell, which facilitates indoor use.
Enamels, varnishes, pasty mixtures. Significantly change the color, structure of the materials on which it is applied, in addition, they have an unpleasant strong or slightly pronounced smell, therefore they are used only before the final stage of finishing work.

According to the method of dilution, flame retardants are divided into water-soluble and soluble with the help of special liquids.

Water-soluble compounds, in turn, are further divided into two types: saline, non-salt. The advantages of a salt agent are in cost, and there are much more disadvantages: a short service life (3-5 years), when exposed to moisture, it quickly loses physical properties, large consumption . Flame retardant without salt in the composition provides a longer protection period (15-20 years), non-toxic, can be used indoors and outdoors.
A solvent-based agent is used to protect the outside of the structure, due to increased toxicity. The advantage of applying such a liquid is the formation of a protective film that repels moisture and protects the effects of fire. The disadvantages, in addition to toxicity, include the narrow focus of the composition: they do not have an antiseptic property.

For processing wooden surfaces from the inside, the least toxic means should be chosen

Classification by interaction with fire

According to the method of action during a fire, fire protection is:

Slow burning, smoldering. The slow process is provided due to the formed film of flame retardant substances. Chemical elements react with oxygen and prevent the flame from engulfing the wooden structure.
The composition of the protection emits gases that do not support combustion.
The resulting shell swells under the influence of high temperatures, and prevent the spread of fire.

Most protective agents have antiseptic effects, which is why they got the name - fire bioprotection.

Abbreviation designation on the package

In the instructions for use, letter codes are indicated that indicate the special composition of the raw material. They can be used to determine whether the agent has an antiseptic property or is suitable only for protection against fire, as well as the method of action during a fire. Explanation of abbreviations:

"M" - means that the composition includes copper sulfate, which protects the building from the appearance of fungus and mold.
"F" - indicates that the substance includes sodium fluoride (NaF). Chemical element It has no smell, it is well absorbed into the surface, but it is also easily washed out. Toxic to mold and pests. Used to protect inside premises.

Attention! Sodium fluoride practically loses its properties when interacting with limestone, cement, alabaster, chalk.

"X" - zinc chloride (ZnCl2) is present in the composition. It has fire retardant and antiseptic properties. Easily washed out with water.
"B" - means that the composition includes boric acid(H3BO3), which is a flame retardant and antiseptic at the same time. Causes increased hygroscopicity of wood. At high temperatures turns into a vitreous film, providing fire protection.

Water-soluble, four-component, hardly washed out bioprotective impregnating composition of KhMBB marking

"D" - the composition includes diammonium phosphate ((NH4) 2 HP04). The product containing this element is well absorbed into the wood, weakly washed out when exposed to moisture and has a small percentage of volatility. During ignition, diammonium phosphate decomposes into several elements. Ammonia creates a gaseous envelope that slows down the combustion process.
"C" - indicates the presence of soda ash, which at elevated temperatures creates a protective film that effectively slows down the combustion process. Non-toxic element, indoor use is possible.
"ХА" - indicates that ammonium chloride (NH4C1) is included in the fire protection. At a temperature of 350˚С, it decomposes into ammonia, hydrogen chloride, which significantly slows down the spread of the flame. It weathers quickly, so it is often used in mixed formulations or as a substitute for ammonium phosphate.

Criterias of choice

To provide a high degree safety and longevity of the chemical properties of fire protection, you need to rely on the following parameters:

When building or from rounded, glued beams, the application of a protective layer is mandatory. Properly selected fire protection will help ensure high level safety, reliability and, as a result, a long service life of the entire structure.

Video: Fire bioprotection for wood

How to choose wood fire protection products

In Russia, houses, baths and sheds were traditionally built from wood. Today, timber and logs are a popular material for the construction of buildings. In order to protect the house from fire and fungus, fire bioprotection for wood is used. How best to choose a quality flame retardant? Let's look at the characteristics of different compositions and feedback on their use.

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Classification, characteristics and application features

The composition of substances that impede the combustion of wood includes flame retardants. They envelop the tree and significantly slow down the ignition process. In addition, antiseptics are added to the mixture to protect against mold and decay.

By the nature of the action, the means are very different:

composition melts. Under the influence of fire, a protective film forms on the tree. It does not allow oxygen to reach the wood, thereby slowing down combustion;
the composition swells. During the increase in the temperature that promotes combustion, the mixture begins to swell, blocking the path of the flame;
composition decomposes. When fire bioprotection decomposes, gases that do not support combustion are released.

Attention! If during a fire an untreated log house is destroyed in 15 - 20 minutes. then the spent one can last a day.

Wood processing is carried out:

in stages, first antiseptic, then fire and bioprotection;
simultaneously with two types of impregnation.

By consistency, protective substances are divided into:

impregnation. They are odorless, able to show and improve wood structures;
coatings (enamels, pastes, varnishes). Deteriorate the structure of the tree, smell bad. Used for finishing elements.

The composition of the mixture is:

water-soluble, more natural and resistant;
organically soluble, they must be diluted with toxic combustible compounds.

The right choice of protective compounds

Means for fire bioprotection are so important that they should be chosen not only on the advice of the seller, but also based on their own knowledge.

What points to consider when buying:

Does the seller have a certificate of conformity and the conclusion of the sanitary and epidemiological station.
efficiency group.
The basis of the composition (salt or non-salt).
Consumption.
Depth of absorption.

Treatment with fire and biological protection means is necessary for every wooden structure

Composition and documents

Each wood treatment product must have documents without which the sale is considered illegal. When buying, be sure to ask the seller to bring a certificate of conformity and the conclusion of the sanitary and epidemiological station. The certificate must contain all the information regarding the features of the application and the group to which the product belongs.

Another important characteristic is the composition of the impregnations. They can be:

saline. Easily washed out with water, the validity period is only 3 years. Suitable for wood processing indoors;
non-salt. Keep 10-15 years, non-toxic, effective for external use.

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Efficiency group

by the most important difference various formulations considered 1st or 2nd degree of protection.
GOST divides fire retardants into 2 groups:

Effectively protect during the entire fire.
Prevent fire, but do not last long.

Advice. The more layers, the better protection. 6 layers of the 2nd group in terms of properties approach the 1st layer of the 1st group.

If the 2nd group is indicated on the product, the tree acquires the properties of fire resistance. If 1st, then it becomes fireproof. In residential buildings, only the 1st group is allowed.

Flame retardant consumption

The peculiarity of protective compounds is that when buying, you need to pay attention not only to the price tag, but also to the consumption. After all, a cheaper tool can be spent more, and in the end it will cost more.

Attention! Cheap salt formulations are spent in 2-3 r. faster than expensive non-salt mixes.

For example, "Senezh", a salt mixture of group 1 is spent approximately 600g / sq.m. if you process wood 6 times. "Neomid" is more expensive, but provides a similar efficiency at a flow rate of 250g/km.m.

Depth of penetration into wood

According to the depth of penetration, two types of compositions are distinguished:

superficial, penetrating to a depth of 6 mm;
deep penetration. Penetrate to a depth of 12 mm.

Advice. Impregnation with color facilitates application, because you can see where you have already walked with a brush, and where not yet. But the color remains for a long time, so it is better to use a colorless product on the facade and in any prominent places.

More common - 1st option, because. it can be applied with a roller or brush. In addition, such impregnation does not reduce the strength of the wood product.

Means belonging to the second group are specialized. For their application, special equipment is required.

Explanation of designations

As a rule, on packages with impregnation of any manufacturer, that other letter code is indicated:

"B". In the composition - boric acid;
"D". Under the influence of a flame forms a protective film;
"M". In the composition - copper sulfate, which protects against mold;
"FROM". Contains soda that protects from fire;
"F". Indicates the presence of sodium fluoride - a toxic substance that destroys pests and fungi;
"X". Toxic composition that destroys woodworms and bark beetles;
"HA" means that releases gas.

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Professionals advise to thoroughly clean the surface of cobwebs, dust, old impregnation or paint before processing wood.

The protective composition is applied to treated, polished wood with a moisture level of not more than 30%.

It is advisable to carry out all work at positive air temperature, otherwise the water frozen in the capillaries will reduce the processing efficiency.

Active participants in construction forums argue about the need for bio-fire protection. Some are absolutely sure of its effectiveness, and some argue that if the room is well ventilated, the composition will fade in 1-2 years and suggest covering the tree with a mixture blue vitriol and notify. One forum member spent interesting experiment, treat the newspaper with fire bioprotection and tried to kindle a fire with it. The newspaper did not catch fire.

Popular brands of impregnation

The market is filled with worthy funds from domestic and foreign manufacturers. They differ in group, purpose and cost.

The most common can be called:

"Senezh". It is used for external and internal works. The term of protection against fire is 5 years, against bugs and mold - 20 years.
"Olympus". Treatment with the composition of the 1st group is possible inside and outside the premises. The flame retardant is valid for up to 7 years, protection against insects and fungi - 10 years. For the 2nd group, the period is shorter - fire protection - 5 years, biosecurity - 10 years.
Pirilax. The formula of the composition is distinguished by the presence of preservatives that protect the tree from cracking and aging. Available with two protection groups. The validity period depends on climate zone. If on external walls rains are rare, then protection from flame will last for 5 years. Deadline for interior spaces- 12 years.

Frame construction breaks all records in popularity. Glued laminated timber and round logs are also actively used. Builders remind that it is possible to use wood for construction only after an appropriate protective treatment. Fire bioprotective compositions, selected according to the specified criteria, will help ensure the safety of any building.

Wood is the most environmentally friendly building material. The building made of wood is warm in winter, cool in summer, and there is a special, healthy microclimate with a self-regulating level of humidity. But, this material, like any organic matter, is susceptible to fungi, bacteria, harmful insects and ignites very easily.

Therefore, experts recommend using a wood preservative as a protective agent.

Types of antiseptics

Antiseptics are water-repellent compounds designed to protect lumber from microorganisms and insects that feed on wood.

Wood, of course, is best treated with them in advance. However, if it was still infected, a quality drug can stop its further destruction.

Antiseptics for wood are divided into four groups according to their composition:

Water soluble;
Oil based;
Based on organic solvents;
Combined.

Water soluble formulations are preventive for those structures and coatings made of wood that do not come into direct contact with moisture.

Solvent formulations It is able to protect the tree both from the outside of buildings and from the inside. Such an antiseptic forms a dense film having good performance adhesion and moisture resistance.

Combined formulations in addition to biological protection, they are able to reduce the combustibility of wood, i.e. They also have flame retardant properties.

As a rule, a modern wood preservative does not have a pronounced odor. In order for the processing to be of high quality, the composition must be applied in 2-3 layers.

Remember! Do not impregnate frozen or damp wood, as this drastically reduces the absorbency of the antiseptic.

Wood treatment with antiseptic

A prerequisite before the process of applying an antiseptic is the cleanliness and dryness of the wood. To clean the material, you can use steel scraper and a suitable solvent.
First of all, damaged areas should be treated - the ends of the boards, cuts, cuts, etc.
Wood treatment with an antiseptic should take place at a temperature of at least +5º if it has a solvent base and at least +10º when it is water-soluble.
The relative humidity of the air in the room when working with the composition should be at least 80%.
You can apply the antiseptic with a brush, roller or spray.

Wood preservative can be applied with a brush or roller

Most of these compounds repel, but do not kill insect pests. To destroy them, special preparations, usually having an alcohol base. The technique of using such antiseptics is different.

The liquid is poured with a syringe or pipette into the outer openings of the passages of beetles and larvae. Then the surface around them is carefully smeared.

How to choose the best antiseptic

There is an opinion among some builders that many antiseptics are an advertising duck: video “The Truth About Antiseptics”

A high-quality antiseptic impregnation for wood should have a high toxicity to harmful microorganisms or insects. According to the level of protective ability, such compounds can be conditionally divided into 4 categories:

ineffective,
medium effective,
effective,
highly efficient.

The preparation must correspond to the level of damage to the wood. By given parameter it can be divided into three groups:

clean,
not infected lumber,
having a slightly damaged surface,
heavily infected.

For each of these types, you need to purchase a special composition. Also keep in mind that antiseptics are often intended for either internal or external surfaces.

If you need the purchased composition for the treatment of internal premises, then its packaging must contain an official sanitary and epidemiological conclusion, preferably duplicated by the conclusion independent laboratory, about the safety of the solution for humans and pets.

Wood preservatives intended to impregnate facades must have good weather resistance.

It is important that the composition is convenient and easy to apply, and if you are going to use any paint material then be compatible with it.

The best foreign manufacturers of antiseptics

A comparison of antiseptics for wood should start with the products of the Danish company Pinotex, which appeared first on Russian market in this area. Many experts consider her preparations to be the best in Europe. They protect not only from mold, fungi, insects and moisture, but also from sudden temperature changes. This allows the use of Pinotex compositions outside buildings.

The famous Finnish company Tikkurila, in addition to paintwork materials, also produces high-quality antiseptic compounds. They can be used for processing both external walls and fences, as well as wooden structures.

The Slovenian company Belinka Base produces the best antiseptics for deep penetration wood. These are colorless primers containing biocides, the purpose of which is the preventive protection of wood from blue stain, fungi and harmful insects.

Russian antiseptics

Antiseptics from "Senezh"

Among Russian companies Senezh was the first to enter the international level and received the appropriate quality certificate (ISO 9001). Her antiseptics "Senezh Ecobio" provide increased biological protection of wood. Can be used alone or as a primer for painting.

"Wood Doctor"

The most terrible enemy of a tree is white house fungi that mimic ordinary mold. Until recently, it was not possible to effectively deal with them. But such an antiseptic for a tree also appeared: customer reviews indicate that the domestic company "Wood Doctor" has developed drugs that can solve this problem.

"Neomid"

Another Russian company Neomid differs from other manufacturers in that it sells antiseptics in a concentrated form, and this significantly reduces their cost. Its compositions are available in compact packages, as a dry mix.
For initial treatment, Neomid 46-bio wood preservative, as well as Neomid 440, are best suited.

Video about the antiseptic from the Neomid company: