Metal structures made from profile pipes: trusses, frames, fences, canopies. Light steel structures (LSTK and LMK) Prices for installation of sandwich panels

Metal structures are now very widespread. If previously they were used in construction only industrial enterprises, then now these building structures took a strong position in the construction of new residential buildings and structures.

Today, the issue of lightweighting (reducing weight) of metal structures is already acute. Moving in this direction, designers are reducing the metal consumption of the building and “killing” two “birds with one stone” at once:

the cost of the structure under construction is reduced;
the weight of the building is reduced. This leads to a reduction in the volume of the foundation and, ultimately, again to savings in the budget of the entire construction project.

Frame building construction technology

Everywhere the frames of buildings and structures constructed according to frame technology, are made from cold-formed profiles (Σ-shaped or C-shaped) and (or) I-beams of variable and constant sections welded to each other.

Fences are made of sheet (light) metal, which, to give it rigidity, is subject to deformation:

profiled sheet;
profiled sheet with foil mineral wool insulation;
sandwich panels, etc.

This is described in detail in the article “Design of metal structures” and on our website.

Thus, buildings and structures built using frame technology have a small mass. In addition, they have a number of undeniable advantages:

it is possible (thanks to components at a specialized enterprise and the creation of a foundation at a construction site) to be erected in a short time;
they have high maintainability. If any part or assembly fails, it can be relatively easily dismantled (there is no need to disassemble the entire house - you just need, as in any mechanism, to “unscrew” the threaded connection of the replaced assembly) and replace it with exactly the same factory-made one;
To erect a building using this technology requires a very modest budget and more.

Today we’ll talk about other ways to stiffen sheet metal, which is used in the production of metal structures.

Methods for stiffening sheet metal

One of the new, but already popular, methods is the creation of lightweight metal structures. A new competitive technology in construction, which has this name, consists in the use of a variety of progressive spatial forms when deforming metal:

volumetric faces;
geometric shapes:
- rectangular recesses
- rounded trays, etc.

This is achieved appearance by cold bending (cold deformation) of special workpieces. To metal elements had mechanical rigidity, and the nodes had high strength, connecting their tops.

As a result of the connection, a binding is created that forms a system of rigid rods. It should be taken into account that what more complex form, the higher the strength and load-bearing capacity of the prefabricated metal structures.

From metal products having this design, you can assemble:

frameless construction projects;
basis for covering walls, facades, etc.

There are several special design techniques aimed at increasing the mechanical strength of each individual part.

Methods for increasing the mechanical strength of lightweight metal structures

There are several design and technological methods (incorporated into the design of the part at the stage of its development) designed to increase the mechanical rigidity and strength of lightweight metal structures:

longitudinal profiling is carried out. It consists in creating horizontal sections of the surface in the direction of rolling the steel sheet;
corrugation of edges. Corrugations are created, the ribs of which prevent the part from deforming during operation;
stamping. Using the stamping method, various volumetric bumps (convex or recessed), cut-out stiffening ribs, etc. are created.

Strengthening Structures necessary in the case when the building load begins to exceed the maximum permissible laid down in the project. This may be a consequence of the construction of additional floors, or errors in an unfairly drawn up project, violation of operating rules, changes in the functionality of the building, or corrosion processes.
But most often, strengthening the skeleton or parts of the structure becomes necessary due to its wear and tear.

Strengthening the Building Structure

Strengthening the structure of a building involves carrying out work aimed at maintaining the building’s ability to withstand heavy loads and increasing its rigidity. Procedures for strengthening a structure involve the use of various methods.

The main ones are strengthening bearing capacity, restoration of the building structure, its unloading, as well as strengthening of individual elements. Depending on the material there are:

Let's take a closer look at some of them.

Strengthening Reinforced Concrete Structures.

To strengthen reinforced concrete structures, work is carried out on the foundation, floor elements, crossbars, and columns. As for trusses and beams, they usually need to be replaced.

Strengthening procedures are preceded by a stage of preparatory work. By creating additional supporting conditions, the load of the load-bearing parts is distributed more evenly and transferred to new elements. It is important to understand that strengthening the building structure is associated with risk, since it is impossible to accurately assess the original data of old structures.

Strengthening Metal Structures

To strengthen metal structures, either increase the cross-sectional area on which the load is applied, or increase its rigidity. Before starting all procedures, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the design documentation and materials for the operation of the building. Next, assessment procedures and field studies are carried out.

The company "Metal structures MSK" has significant experience in strengthening metal and other types of building structures. We offer informed decisions and use modern methods and materials that will allow your building to last for many years to come!

Order reinforcement of structures

"Metal structures MSK" will strengthen the structures different meaning. Work to strengthen metal structures and various buildings begin within 24 hours after signing the contract. Always ready to go installation team.

Payment

Payment for production metal product produced in two ways:

cash;
by bank transfer.

Cash You can pay the entire amount at once or divide it into 2 parts - prepayment and balances. Payment in cash occurs after concluding a service agreement.

Cashless transfer involves the transfer of funds. The transfer can be made from current account to account or from bank card on account. For clients, it is possible to transfer the amount with or without VAT.

The payment process must be discussed when concluding the contract.

The team of masters of "Metal structures MSK" will do all the work within the agreed time frame and in the best possible way.

Lightweight metal structures are widely used in the construction of prefabricated buildings and structures, and their use can reduce material costs and speed up the construction process. Manufacturers suggest using hot-rolled or cold-rolled metal profiles, which are produced by stamping. Modern LSTK technology used for the rapid construction of buildings that are characterized by a wide range of applications, long service life and increased strength.
The main advantages of using lightweight metal structures for the construction of prefabricated structures include:

high quality metal structures at an affordable cost;
durability and reliability;
strength and wear resistance;
versatility and mobility;
resistance to corrosion processes, mold and fungi due to the presence of a special protective anti-corrosion coating;
wide range of applications in industry, agriculture and construction of houses.

Construction and installation work is carried out in any weather and at any time of the year due to the absence of “wet” finishing, and all structural elements are assembled quickly and easily using anchor-type bolts and self-tapping screws.

Features of production and construction.

LSTK technology involves the use of lightweight, durable, thin-walled metal structures; each part is marked at the factory, so construction site construction of structures from lightweight metal structures is carried out in as soon as possible professional team of workers.

When developing a project for a building made of metal structures, the intended use, customer needs, expected operational load and the need for insulation are taken into account. Modern high-quality materials are used as insulation materials. thermal insulation materials, namely polystyrene foam, extruded polystyrene foam, mineral and basalt wool, fiberglass.

Due to the compactness of all metal structures, they are quickly and conveniently delivered to the construction site, which reduces the cost of their transportation. The construction of buildings from lightweight metal structures does not require the construction of an expensive monolithic foundation, as in capital construction, therefore reducing the overall production costs of construction.

Scope of application of lightweight metal structures.

Warehouses and hangars are built from lightweight metal structures, which are used in industry and agriculture. These are all kinds of basic and auxiliary industrial workshops, utility rooms for storage vehicles, equipment, special equipment and inventory.

In agriculture, such buildings are intended for storing vegetables and grains, and insulated premises are used for breeding and raising poultry and animals. When developing a project, the creation of certain climatic conditions, pad engineering communications, ventilation system and air conditioning, artificial lighting and the need for insulation.

Buildings made from lightweight metal structures are distinguished by their strength and lightness, quick construction of the frame, walls and roof, so today they are used to build country houses, dachas and cottages. This is a profitable investment, since the cost of work is significantly lower compared to capital construction.
Technology for constructing objects from lightweight metal structures

For the construction of prefabricated buildings it is used innovative technology LSTK, which consists in the use of durable lightweight profiles, which can be load-bearing, guide and hat. Not only the frame of the building itself is built from them, but also the walls, roofing slabs, and a shallow strip or pile foundation is used as a foundation.

The choice of foundation depends on the type of soil, depth groundwater and climatic conditions of the area. Using this technology, you can build objects of any shape and complexity: straight-walled, arched, polygonal and hipped. They differ from each other in design and shape, but they all have high strength, versatility, durability and reliability.

For effective protection against corrosion, the surface of metal structures is covered with protective anti-corrosion compounds (polymer materials, enamel or primer). The construction of structures from lightweight metal structures fully complies with the requirements fire safety, state standards and environmental friendliness.

Publisher:"Budivelnik"

Year of publication: 1978

Language: Russian

Pages: 112

Introduction

Chapter 1. Bent profiles - new look highly economical rolled metal for construction

The struggle to reduce the weight of metal structures and to increase their strength, reliability and durability has led to the creation of a new type of rolled products - bent profiles. Bent profiles are corrugated sheets of various configurations: z-shaped, trough-shaped, closed and other sections of parts of practically unlimited length and constant thickness in all elements along the cross section.

There are several ways to produce bent profiles, namely: stamping, press bending and broaching. However, the use of these methods for producing bent profiles does not make it possible to obtain profiles of great length, width and thickness. In addition, these methods are low-productive, lead to large losses of metal, the process of obtaining profiles with complex configurations cross section very difficult. The narrow range in length, width and thickness of the initial blanks and the high cost of bent profiles obtained by stamping, bending on presses or broaching sharply limit their scope of application.

It became possible to eliminate the listed disadvantages of bent profiles by manufacturing them using a fundamentally new method and on structurally new equipment. Such equipment turned out to be special roll forming units similar to rolling ones. The bent sections produced on these mills are called rolled rolled sections. From the point of view of manufacturing technologies, the fundamental difference between bent and hot-rolled profiles is that they are obtained from the original billet in a cold state and the cross-sectional area remains unchanged during the forming process. Equipment for the production of roll-formed profiles is less complex than rolling or pressing equipment, its production is cheaper, and maintenance is easier and simpler. Investments and operating costs when organizing the production of bent profiles, rolled products are significantly less than with other types of metal forming, and the initial costs are recouped in a short time.

Bent rolled profiles are produced by the method of continuous profiling of sheets, strips and strips on roll forming units various types. The profiling process consists of a sequential change in the cross-sectional truss of the original workpiece (strip, fin, tape) as it passes through a series of pairs of driven horizontal and vertical (idler) rollers (rollers) rotating towards each other.

Chapter 2. Lightweight metal structures made of closed bent profiles

Particularly promising is the use of bent profiles in lightweight frames of building buildings.

The main advantage of bent-welded closed profiles (GSP) compared to others is the following:

1) economical characteristics in terms of weight, caused by a favorable distribution of material across the sections of structural elements and a decrease in design coefficients as a result of a decrease in the volume of auxiliary and connecting parts;

2) the possibility of using thin sheets (2-3 mm compared to 5-6 mm in structures made from conventional profiles) due to increased corrosion resistance and local stability. These same abilities make it possible to effectively use steel of increased and high strength for GSP;

3) reduced vulnerability of structural elements made of closed profiles during transportation and installation due to the absence of protruding edges;

4) improvement performance qualities due to increased corrosion resistance and reduced external paintable surface of structures, etc.

Feasibility studies show that SHGs are very effective in rod systems and practically give the same mass indicators as pipes.

The work of the UkrPSK Institute proposes the creation of low-element trusses in order to simplify the nodes and reduce design factors.

In light, lightly loaded structures, along with closed bent-welded profiles, it is advisable to use open bent profiles. So, in roof trusses with a span of 12-18 m under light roofs and in other lattice structures that bear relatively small loads, the use of open bent profiles allows metal savings of up to 20-30%. With increasing spans, the efficiency of application open profiles decreases and for spans of more than 24 m it is not possible to achieve significant savings in metal. In this case, savings are only possible when using closed bent-welded profiles.

As experience has shown, successful solutions to schemes, structures, components, selected section shapes, welding technology, etc. make it possible to create truly progressive building metal structures for medium and heavy loads, in many cases successfully competing with tubular ones, and sometimes even surpassing them.

However, for widespread implementation it is necessary, first of all, to develop a common point of view regarding the entire problem. Unfortunately, not all organizations share the opinion on the advisability of the widespread use of bent profiles. Much attention is paid to pipes, lack of faith in the effectiveness of using bent profiles, in some cases negative influence planning for tonnage and a one-sided approach to assessing the coefficient of specific labor intensity of factory fabrication of structures significantly hamper the development of an important area of metal construction.

Chapter 3. Bent corrugated profiles in metal structures

In lightweight metal structures wide application find various corrugated bent profiles as ready-made parts that speed up installation, improve appearance, reduce construction time and reduce the cost. These profiles may have corrugations various shapes: semicircular, rectilinear, trapezoidal, triangular with a blunt top, etc. The wide range of corrugated sheets used until recently was a consequence of the fact that consumers manufactured them for their own needs using existing equipment. In the absence of any unification, for the production of profiles differing in the shape of the corrugations, it was necessary large number profile rolls or dies, the production of which required a lot of time and high-quality steel.

To reduce the number of profile sizes, reduce the costs of their development, speed up production and provide consumers, unification and standardization of corrugated profiles were carried out. Two standards have been developed for corrugated roll-formed profiles GOST 9234-73 and GOST 10551-75, which cover all profiles currently produced for various industries. In order to reduce the number of profiles made from galvanized billets and unify their sizes, a standard is being developed for galvanized corrugated steel sheets, used mainly in construction.

When developing the standards, materials were used on the needs of the national economy for corrugated profiles, a range of profiles used in construction and industry and a range of corrugated profiles developed by metallurgical and machine-building plants. It should be noted that in recent years Not only has the assortment expanded significantly, but the need for corrugated bent profiles has also increased.

Chapter 4. Perforated bent profiles in metal structures

IN lately in our country and abroad in various industries industry and construction, bent perforated rolled profiles are becoming increasingly common.

The use of such profiles in various sectors of the economy makes it possible to reduce metal consumption by 18-20%, speed up the assembly and installation of structures, and eliminate welding work during installation, reduce labor intensity installation work. The assembly of metal structures from perforated profiles is a modern and rational construction system.

Bent perforated profiles include profiles in which there are holes of various shapes and sizes, applied along the entire length with a certain perforation pitch (module).

Perforated profiles, depending on their application, should be divided into two large groups: profiles for prefabricated structures and profiles for special purposes.

The first group includes perforated profiles of angle and channel sections, the bolted connection of which in various combinations makes it possible to obtain lightweight metal structures of various types and purposes.

The most important advantages of perforated profiles of this group are their lightness, the possibility of quick installation without welding, and the repeated use of the same profiles in prefabricated structures for various purposes and others. These profiles, which are a universal building material, are called quick assembly profiles.

The second group includes profiles special form, having application only in certain designs. Perforated profiles are the basis integrated system codestructural elements for the manufacture of all kinds of metal structures in construction, warehouse, transport and production equipment.

Chapter 5. Lightweight panel spans and enclosing structures made of bent profiles

Construction is one of the main consumers of roll-formed profiles. The use of such profiles allows us to obtain the most advanced solutions for building elements, both in terms of architectural, aesthetic, and technical and economic indicators. Work is underway to further improve the designs of panel bindings of industrial and administrative buildings in order to facilitate the designs of bindings, increase labor productivity in their manufacture, improve working conditions indoors by increasing illumination, improving the architecture of buildings in industrial and civil engineering In Czechoslovakia, bent profiles of various configurations up to 2 mm thick are widely used: open, semi-closed, closed with elements of double thickness and a large number of bending points.

When developing the assortment of profiles for panel bindings, the technology of their manufacture on existing profile bending units was taken into account, as well as the technology of manufacturing bindings at metal structures factories to speed up the assembly of structures, reduce their cost and ensure a good appearance.

Compound open types bent profiles into closed ones in the conditions of metal structures factories, the most acceptable method is electric arc welding. However, this welding method is low-productivity.

Architectural and structural elements made from lightweight profiled steel are widely used in modern construction in the form of metal window and display cases, glass-metal doors, staircase and balcony railings, door frames, guides for sliding doors and partitions.

The range includes profiles with open, semi-closed and closed cross-sectional shapes, as well as with elements of double thickness. Individual profiles are perforated.

Applications

Literature

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Lungs steel structures- This is a new round of development in the field of industrial construction. Buildings made of light steel thin-walled structures are strong and reliable; their construction is 25-40% more profitable than conventional traditional buildings, and design feature allows you to implement complex and original projects.

Light steel structures

There are two types of metal structures:

LSTK – light steel thin-walled structures
LMK – lightweight metal structures

LSTK is a lightweight version of a metal building, the thickness of the steel profile is 0.2-0.4 mm, while warehouses and warehouses can be built from LSTK industrial premises, which will be seismically resistant and durable.

LMK is metal buildings with metal used up to 4 centimeters thick. These are durable and reliable structures that are built for different areas of human life.

Prices for light steel structures today vary and depend on the region of construction. In the central regions Russian Federation the construction of steel buildings is cheaper due to the high concentration of manufacturing plants, the presence of competition and, accordingly, more favorable offers. The average cost of one ton of metal structures is 50,000 – 79,000 rubles.

Interesting feature can be called simple commissioning of the facility. Since LSTK and LMK structures are not traditional, that is, capital structures made of stone and concrete, the process of registration and commissioning occurs in a simplified mode, without paperwork.

Lightweight steel thin-walled structures: technology

LSTK is more popular in Russia, since the technology involves simple and quick installation steel frame, which you can build yourself with your own hands.

The technology originated in 1950 in Canada. Availability building material and the low cost of building construction quickly popularized thin-walled construction in Japan, Scandinavia and North America.

Stages of construction of a prefabricated building:

Design.
Preparation of the foundation (any shallow depth).
Order a metal frame.
Installation.
Putting the building into operation.

Advantages of LSTK:

Low cost.
Easy to assemble.
Durability and wear resistance.
Quick installation.
Independence from climatic conditions, the ability to build in cold and wet weather.
Seismic stability of the structure.
Good heat saving properties.
No shrinkage on the foundation.

What are LSTK made of?

LGSK buildings are constructed from profiles made from high-strength galvanized steel. The entire production cycle is automated, if available project documentation The metal rolling plant will prepare every detail of the future building with the necessary holes and markings.

Construction from LSTK is not expensive, since from the zero stage you can save a lot on the construction of the foundation and, at the final stage, on insulation. LSTK is suitable for the construction of a residential building, cottage, greenhouse, hangars and many other structures.

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