Japanese garden trees. Flowers in the Japanese style "komono". Rock gardens in Japan

In a classic Japanese garden, as we have already noted, the main emphasis is on recreating the natural landscape, usually using water and stone. Plants, on the other hand, play the role of an elegant "wrapper" that adorns the relief of the garden. That is why plants should be selected very carefully and economically, and in no case should you strive to create a collection garden densely filled with exotic Japanese species. There may be very few plants used - in Japan you can find gardens from rhododendrons alone!

There is no need to plant only the species loved by the Japanese. Very often they are sensitive to our frosts. Usually it is easy for them to pick up a replacement from plants more adapted to our conditions. For example, the main conifers in the Japanese garden are thunberg pine(Pinus thunbergii) and densely flowered pine(Pinus densiflora). It is better to replace them with species more familiar to Russia, especially since densely flowered pine is a close relative of our good friend - Scotch pine(P. silvestris). The main thing is to find a good balance of several ornamental trees and shrubs interspersed with flowering perennials, grasses, bamboos and ferns.

Below we have selected as an example 12 plants from which it is easy to create compositions in the Japanese style. From trees, the Japanese appreciate weeping forms with spherical contours, and from ornamental and flowering shrubs, preference is given to plants that are easy to cut, in order, again, to give them the appearance of hemispheres. As accents that break the monotony of spherical forms, tall cereals, ferns and bamboo are included in the composition.

In addition to these "best of the best", the section contains descriptions of several dozen more plants recommended for the Japanese garden (see the navigation column on the right). The vast majority of them feel great in central Russia.

DECORATIVE TREES

Common cherry. Many Russians certainly want to have sakura in their dacha in order to perform the spring ceremony of admiring Japanese cherries. Of course, sakura grow not only in the subtropics, but also in the Krasnodar Territory, Stavropol Territory, in the south of Primorsky Territory. And the residents middle lane and the northern regions, it is better to remember your native cherries - snow-white, poetic, sung in Russian literature in both poetry and prose. Especially close to the southern sakura Cherry ordinary f. Raksa, which grows magnificently in the suburbs.

Palm maple. Almost all types of maple are of interest as very ornamental plants. A beautiful pattern of leaves of various shapes, bright autumn color, original inflorescences and fruits, bark pattern and color of shoots have long attracted people's attention to them. Almost all species are good honey plants. For landscaping purposes, they began to be used from the first steps in the development of horticulture. Used in single and group plantings, low forms are planted in tubs. It goes well with dark conifers.

Scotch pine. The priority in the Japanese garden, without a doubt, belongs to the pine. She is - a symbol of longevity, courage, willpower. The choice of pine trees for planting in a Japanese garden depends on its size. Garden areas in Japan are very small, so it has long been customary to shape trees, weakening their growth and giving the crown an expressive shape. In modern Japanese gardens, mountain pine is sometimes used without shaping, while maintaining its natural lodging appearance. Pine trees form the structural basis of the garden, serve as its skeletal plants.

DECORATIVE SHRUBS

Barberry Thunberg- the most beautiful of deciduous barberries, with yellowish, bright red or purple-red, later purple-brown shoots. Barberries are used in solitary and group plantings, in rock gardens, as a ground cover plant. A variety of varieties gives simply unlimited scope for the gardener's imagination. For the conditions of central Russia, it is also the most suitable culture for creating clipped and free hedges and borders.

Hawthornirreplaceable in ornamental gardening. In spring, it is beautiful during flowering with its corymbose inflorescences, consisting of numerous flowers, in summer when fruits ripen, having a variety of colors - orange, yellow, red, burgundy, black, and in autumn, when its foliage turns yellow, bright red, orange or retains green color. Usually hawthorn is planted separately standing trees or groups. Many species are spectacular in standard form.

Cotoneaster. The main attraction of cotoneasters is a combination of strong branching, original foliage and various growth forms. Small flowers, white or Pink colour little decorative, but a dense crown of dark green shiny leaves, reddening in autumn, is appreciated. These shrubs are easily formed, retain their shape for a long time. In addition, at the end of summer, their decorative effect is enhanced by the abundance of bright red or black fruits hanging on the branches for a long time.

BEAUTIFUL FLOWERING PERENNIUMS

tree peony- a shrub of outstanding beauty, reaching a height of 1.5-2 m, with large bright green leaves. One bush can have from 30 to 70 flowers. The diameter of each is from 20 to 25 cm. The color of the petals is white, pink, crimson, lilac with a dark crimson spot at the base. Large numerous stamens with bright yellow anthers are clearly visible. There are forms with double and semi-double flowers. The plant is decorative even after flowering due to the unusual shape of the leaves and fruits.

Rhododendron - an ornamental woody plant, a bright and early flowering shrub that can compete with roses in grace, richness of colors of flowers and splendor of flowering.Rhododendrons look very impressive during flowering. In one lush inflorescence there can be up to1 5-25 flowers. During flowering, the branch of the plant looks like a bouquet. The beauty of the flowers is set off by glossy leathery leaves. Many types of rhododendrons can grow successfully in central Russia.

Chrysanthemum. The culture of decorative garden chrysanthemums has a thousand-year history. In Japan, they are considered the national flower. The chrysanthemum is traditionally depicted on coins and the state emblem of Japan, and one of the country's highest awards is the Order of the Chrysanthemum. The holiday of chrysanthemums in the country of the Sun is a special ritual: when performing it, one must admire every shade of inflorescences, while it is necessary to think deeply about the path traveled and the meaning of life.

GRAINS, BAMBOO AND FERN

Adiantum stopiform- one of the most beautiful ferns that grow well in Central Russia. This is an unusually elegant openwork plant from the deciduous forests of North America and East Asia, up to 60 cm tall with flat, fan-shaped leaves on thin, shiny, black petioles. In beauty it is not inferior to tropical representatives of the genus. Looks good both singly and in group planting. Adiantum is so beautiful that it needs to be planted in plain sight.

Miscanthus - one of the most popular ornamental cereals in horticulture. No species can compete with it in the beauty of plants, the variety of varieties and forms and methods of application in garden design. Almost all miscanthus have a long decorative period - from spring to late winter. In autumn, their foliage turns various shades of yellow, brown, burgundy colors. Unusually beautiful miscanthus inflorescences are used to create dry floral arrangements.

Saza- one of the most cold-resistant bamboos, the only genus of bamboos that grows wild in Russia. Naturally, it is preferable to plant bamboos in gardens created in oriental style, against the backdrop of decorative pools and streams. Tall bamboos can be used as a characteristic feature of Japanese gardens. Rotting, durable and beautiful bamboo sticks are a wonderful ornamental material for decorating a Japanese garden. Mandatory plant for compositions imitating in Russian conditions Japanese gardens.

It is hard to imagine without openwork Japanese maples. More often on sale there are varieties of maple palmate - a tree-like shrub with characteristic dissected bright green leaves, reaching 5-7 m in width and height at home. In the fall, its leaves turn a gorgeous orange-red hue. In our area, they are usually more compact in size and require careful site selection, soil preparation and careful maintenance.

Fan maple ‘Atropurpureum’

The most popular cultivars include Acer palmatum 'Atropurpureum' with distinctive bright red leaves, especially blazing scarlet canopy, and 'Dissectum Atropurpureum' which, along with its purple coloration, has highly dissected openwork leaves and a more compact crown reaching only 2-3 m. Purple color of varying intensity up to almost black-red are also maple varieties 'Fireglow', 'Bloodgood', 'Deshojo', 'Dissectum Garnet', 'Dissectum Nigrum' and others. However, do not get carried away with purple-leaved plants. There should be several of them against the background of plants with foliage of different shades of green.

Maple varieties with green, delicately dissected leaves are also very attractive, such as ‘Dissectum Viridis’ or ‘Osakazuki’, which turn gorgeous shades of yellow and orange-red in autumn.

There are also many varieties of Japanese maple (Acer japonicum). The most popular varieties are 'Aconitifolium', the leaves of which are bright red in spring, green in summer, and orange-red in autumn, dissected into 9-11 lobes and similar in shape to aconite, and 'Vitifolium' with deeply dissected leaves, painted in autumn carmine red tones. Fabulous sunny grade‘Aureum’ is decorated with golden yellow foliage, has an almost rounded slow-growing crown.

For your maples to grow well, choose a place sheltered from the cold and drying summer winds in the openwork shade of taller plants, as well as neutral or slightly acidic, fertile, moist soil for planting. In the hot sun, in the absence of constant soil and air moisture, the leaves of Japanese maples fade, dry and crumble. These graceful plants belong to the 6th winter hardiness zone, i.e. sensitive to frost and require insulation with spruce branches or non-woven materials, especially at a young age. Young growths damaged in winter, as a rule, recover, but in especially severe and snowless winters, which often occur in the southeastern regions, the plant may die completely.

Since Japanese maples grow quite slowly, little to no shaping is required other than sanitary pruning of damaged branches, or to maintain a compact container plant or garden bonsai. The plant is responsive to fertilizing with a solution complex fertilizers with an acidifying effect, which, however, must be stopped before the beginning of autumn, so as not to cause the growth of young non-lignified shoots, especially susceptible to frost damage. Mulching is recommended to retain constant moisture and acidify the soil. trunk circle bark or compost from fallen leaves and peat.

Instead of the rather problematic Japanese maples that require constant care, we can recommend similar in decorative qualities, but more unpretentious species: Manchurian maple (Acer mandschuricum) and false siebolds (Acer pseudosieboldianum) - small trees or large shrubs with carved, small, palmate leaves, turning in autumn into bright crimson or purple tones. The following species are also very interesting: sharp-toothed maple (Acer rgutum), three-flowered maple (Acer triflorum), Pennsylvanian maple (Acer рensylvanicum), snake maple (Acer capillipes), curled maple or vine maple (Acer circinatum), green maple (Acer tegmentosum). These species are less common in garden centers and nurseries, but you can try to order them in foreign nurseries, or contact amateur collectors or botanical gardens.

Fascinating flowering

It is difficult to find a gardener who does not know about the magnificent cherry blossoms. In Japan, there is even a special Hanami holiday, when thousands of people leave their everyday worries and devote time to admiring the Japanese cherry blossoms - sakura. Botanists refer to this group varieties with decorative flowering of small serrated cherries (Prunus serrulata) and short-bristle cherries (Prunus subhirtella). The most popular decorative cherry varieties Prunus serrulata "Kanzan" and "Accolade" - with pink double flowers, "Amanogawa" - with a columnar crown shape and double large flowers.

Sakura

Look out for the marvelous 'Kiku-shidare' with a weeping crown, which will look especially advantageous on the banks of a stream, an ornamental pond or as a stand-alone, admirable tree even after a short flowering period. In the catalogs of nurseries, they are assigned zone 6a, i.e. in the territory from the center of Ukraine and to the north, their cultivation may not always be guaranteed and is associated with additional care. So it is worth thinking about the range. We can recommend more resistant bird terry-flowered cherries (Prunus avium "Plena"), cherry blossoms with white and pink flowers Prunus schmittii, decorative plum Prunus cerasifera "Woodii" (practically the same as Pissardi's plum) or the already traditional and beautifully flowering three-lobed almond, which is offered as a grafted standard tree (P. triloba Plena)

In the central and northern regions (zones 3-5) as flowering tree it is better to choose varieties of ornamental apple trees with different colors of flowers: white in "Evereste", "John Downie", "Golden Hornet", "Professor Sprenger" in various shades of pink - "Hopa" and up to purple - varieties "Royalty", "Liset", "Eleyi", "Almei", "Rudolf") and even terry, like the apple tree "Van Eseltine".

Nedzwiecki's apple tree

Also suitable beautiful trees hawthorns - with white flowers our endemic - single-petal hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna), double variety of hawthorn Crataegus laev. "Plena", as well as varieties with bright pink double flowers - Crataegus laevigata "Paul's Scarlet" and "Crimson Cloud" - with red flowers. Their autumn color from yellow to red is also magnificent, which can compete with the outfit of Japanese maples, which also important in the seasonal dynamics of Japanese gardens.

For small gardens, we can also recommend large flowering and decorative deciduous shrubs, which, depending on the formation, can grow like small trees: Canadian shadberry (Amelanchier canadensis), exochorda (Exochorda macrantha "The Bride"), with a wonderful autumn color winged euonymus (Euonymus alatus "Compactus"), viburnum pride (Viburnum lantana). To extend the decorativeness of your garden, do not forget about evergreen shrubs: wrinkled viburnum (Viburnum rhytidophyllum), holly magonia (Mahonia aquifolium), pyrocantha (Pyracantha coccinea), Forchun's euonymus (Euonymus fortunei), of course, about coniferous plants: mountain pine (Pinus mugo), yew berry (Taxus baccata), drooping thujopsis (Thujopsis dolabrata).

An interesting accent of the winter garden can be shrubs with unusual shape stems, intricately curved, like the willow Salix udensis "Sekka" or the hazel Corylus avellana "Contorta".

genomeles

In the lower tier, under the trees, discreet, graceful shrubs can be planted with beautiful flowers and leaves that provide a seasonal change of colors and moods: numerous wonderful varieties of Japanese spirea (Spiraea japonica) and s. Bumalda (Spiraea bumalda), Nipponian spirea (Spiraea nipp. "Snowmoun"), Stephanandra (Stephanandra incisa "Crispa") and snowberry (Symphoricarpos chenaultii), Japanese quince (Chenomeles - Chaenomeles japonica), cotoneaster horizontal, brilliant and Dammer (Cotoneaster dammeri ), tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa), tree hydrangea (Hydrangea arborescens), colquis (Kolkwitzia amabilis), viburnum vesicle (Physocarpus opulifolius).

tree peony

Various types and varieties of rhododendrons are considered traditional for Japanese gardens, but they generally grow well only on acidic soils and, in most of Ukraine, suffer from dry air and frosty winters with little snow. Growing them is possible, but will require additional soil preparation and careful care.

An indispensable element Japanese garden coniferous or deciduous bonsai plants, more precisely nivaki, are considered to be specially formed with the help of pruning. Now in garden centers you can buy ready-made bonsai for every taste, however, this is very expensive pleasure. In addition, be sure to ask what plant the bonsai is formed from. In nurseries Western Europe, from where planting material is most often brought to us, very often fast-growing crops are used for shaping, which do not winter well in our conditions, or suffer from summer heat, which will require a lot of attention, care or frequent shearing to maintain shape: Lawson's cypress and pea-bearing, Japanese holly , holly, etc. (Ilex aquifolium), cherry laurel, Japanese privet (Ligustrum japonicum), Japanese spindle tree, beech, hornbeam, etc.

Meanwhile, it is quite possible to try to form a fairly high-quality accent for your Japanese garden from adults already growing shrubs or conifers in your garden. Lessons for beginners can be found even in the internet. Arm yourself with secateurs, materials for fixing branches in desired position, take a close look at your plants and start cutting. No wonder they say "it's not the gods that burn the pots." In the simplest case, with the help of a pruner, the skeletal branches of the first order are released from the side branches to a certain height, forming pre-planned tiers, and then several short shoots are left at the top of each branch to form a “cloud”. Skeletal branches are stretched horizontally and fixed with twine, wooden slats or bamboo stalks. Then, during the season, the shape is maintained with regular pruning. A large number of shrubs are suitable for shearing, preferably initially with small foliage or needles and a compact habitus, for example, varieties of prickly and European spruce, mountain and ordinary pines, yew berries, virginian and Chinese junipers, from deciduous -, barberries, irgu, European euonymus, endemics field maple (A. campestre) and Tatar maple (Ácer tatáricum), hawthorn (Crataégus monogyna), privet (Ligustrum vulgare) and the like.

astilba

forest anemone

Perennials and ground covers complete the picture: pachysandra apical (Pachysandra terminalis), Vieri's tiarellas (Tiarella wherry) and heart-leaved (Tiarella cordifolia), hosts, preferably not very large and not variegated, for example, lanceolate hosta (Hosta lancifolia), monetized loosestrife (Lysimachia nummularia) , fan catchment (Aquilegia flabellate), geyhera (Heuchera .sanguinea), kupena (Polygonatum hybr.), Chinese astilba (Astilbe chinensis). A green velvet carpet will cover the ground and the gaps between the stones with the subulate bryozoan (Sagina subulata). Be sure to plant irises, beloved by the Japanese, on the bank of a reservoir or stream.

Traditional Japanese irises - hana-shobu (Iris ensata, Iris kaempferii) are not easy to grow in our climate (although there are quite a few new unpretentious varieties), however, in decorativeness they are not inferior to elegant varieties of Siberian iris (Íris sibírica) or dwarf iris (Iris pumila) in combination with spring primrose (Primula veris) and hearty bergenia (Bergenia cordifolia).

Badan

I hope everyone will agree that in creating your own "Japanese" garden, the most important thing is not to perfectly reproduce other people's creations, but to enjoy the very process of creating a garden, and then from contemplation, admiring and even pride in the creation of your own hands. First of all, the garden as a whole and each of its elements should please you and your loved ones. Then, for sure, your garden will achieve the goal that world-renowned masters strive for: to gain a sense of unity with nature, to become a place of harmony and inspiration, a way of self-expression, which means it will provide a good mood, well-being at home and success at work.

Victoria Roy
landscape designer
specially for the Internet portal
garden center "Your Garden"

Choose plants for your Japanese garden very carefully. In such gardens, there are few flowering plants, and most often they are not there at all. Primarily Japanese garden- the kingdom of evergreen conifers. They occupy a special place there as a symbol of life (pine as a symbol of longevity - first of all!)

Having set ourselves the task of choosing plants for such a garden, special attention should be paid to their shape, what color their greenery will be in spring and summer, how the foliage will be colored in autumn, and also the shape of bare branches in winter. The garden should be beautiful all year round.

When planting, you need to take into account the scale ratio of plants with all elements of the garden (stones, pond, and others). Be sure to choose a harmonious color combination main plants with each other, with various ornamental grasses and mosses. Consider shades of green - this is important! Dark ones are in the background, light ones are in the foreground.

Mitch/Flickr.com

Let's look at plants that can be successfully grown in our local "Japanese" gardens, taking into account their winter hardiness. They are found in the nature of the Far East or are associated with Japanese gardens due to their natural crown shape, reminiscent of different types"bonsai". Among the listed plants there will be brightly colored flowering plants, and whether you include them in your list or not, it's up to you.

Coniferous trees and shrubs. Korean fir (all varieties), Lawson's cypress, Wisselii variety, Nutkan cypress (Jubilee, Klippert, Pendula, Variegata varieties), blunt or Japanese cypress (all varieties), pea-bearing cypress (almost all varieties ), ginkgo biloba, Chinese juniper (almost all varieties), common juniper varieties "Horstmann" and "Oblonga Pendula", scaly juniper "Loderi", lying juniper varieties "Bonin Isles" and "Nana", European larch (cultivars "Puli" , "Repens", "Little Bogle"), Japanese larch (all varieties), Chinese metasequoia (all varieties), Norway spruce (varieties "Acrocona", "Formanek", "Frohburg", "Inversa", "Pusch" and " Virgata"), Serbian spruce (cultivars "Pendula", "Pendula Kuck" and "Bruns"), prickly spruce varieties "Hermann Naue" and "Lucky Strike", bristlecone pine, Armand pine, thick-flowered pine (all varieties), Korean pine , mountain pine (varieties "Carsten", "Jakobsen", "Mini Mops", "Varella", "Zundert"), black pine variety "Oregon Green", small-flowered pine ova (all varieties), Weymouth pine (all varieties), Scots pine (cultivars "Globosa Viridis" and "Hillside Creeper"), thuja orientalis or flathead cultivar "Franky Boy", Chinese pine, Thunberg pine "Banshosho", yew middle " Thayerae", western thuja (cultivars "Filiformis", "Miky" and "Stolwijk").

Cliff/Flickr.com

Deciduous trees. Gray maple, horse chestnut Laciniata variety, high aralia (up to -28ºС, acidic soils!), Japanese scarlet (up to -28ºС), Pennsylvania ash variety Crispa, Nippon cherry variety Brillant, globular cherry Umbraculifera, marsh oak 'Green Dwarf', pedunculate oak 'Pectinata', rowan 'Pendula', elm 'Camperdownii'.

Deciduous shrubs. Korean barberry, "Trost`s Dwarf" birch, quince or chaenomeles (all species and varieties), opposite-leaved, controversial and Chinese turf, blood-red cultivar "Compressa", common hazel cultivar "Contorta", Forchun's euonymus, large fotergilla, hydrangea paniculate and oak-leaved (all varieties), caragana tree-like (standard forms), magnolia (all types and varieties), apical pachysandra, evergreen boxwood, squat plum, low almond, goat willow, whole-leaved willow variety "Hakuro-nishiki" and "Pendula "(standard form), Japanese spirea (all varieties), Nippon spirea variety "June Bride", stephanandra Tanake, viburnum Karls (all varieties), viburnum Farrera (all varieties), viburnum folded (all varieties), viburnum Sargent variety "Onondaga ".

tutincommon/Flickr.com

From heather plants, of course, most species and varieties of rhododendrons are suitable.

From curly plants, you can choose actinidia kolomikta, aconito-leaved vineyard, petiolate hydrangea, Japanese honeysuckle (requires warming for the winter), and Japanese schizophraga.

garden perennials. Astilbe (all types and varieties) is ideal, multi-flowered, Gauther's fescue and gray fescue, daylilies, hosts, heart-shaped hauttuynia (cover young plants for the winter), Chinese miscanthus, blue lightning, peonies, chestnut-leaved Rogersia.

Jeff Hart/Flickr.com

By sticking to the listed species and specific varieties, you will be on your way to success. All these plants and varieties are great for creating a full-fledged oriental garden in our climatic conditions, and just to create an "oriental" mood or corner. No need to chase exotic rare plants that can freeze in our harsh winters. Agreeing with the basic principles of the Japanese garden, find beauty in what is at hand.

The Land of the Rising Sun is famous for its distinctive culture and traditions. Here, each item has its own philosophical meaning and centuries-old history.

The main word that characterizes the culture of Japan is harmony. She reigns in everything. The unity of man with nature creates an atmosphere of calm, tunes in to thoughts about the eternal. Therefore, the Japanese style has become quite popular with us.

How to create on your site the original atmosphere of the country of philosophers and samurai?

Planning principle

The main accents in the formation of the Japanese garden: asymmetry in the arrangement of elements, smooth lines, the predominance of green, red, yellow, orange, purple hues, simplicity of design techniques.

Visually, this garden is divided into two zones. In one zone, the main one, decorative elements, stones are installed, plants are planted. The second zone, in contrast to the first, remains deserted.

In addition, in the main zone, the "visual distance" method is used to effectively reveal the landscape:

large plants are planted in the foreground or volumetric stones are installed
in the background - medium-sized
on the third - the smallest

Then, while walking through the territory of the garden, with each step you will discover new elements of the landscape. Everything resembles the untouched bewitching naturalness of nature.

Philosophy and symbols of the garden

"There can be a garden without flowers, but there cannot be a garden without stones." So said the Japanese sages.

The Japanese garden is different from our usual garden plantings and combines three main components - water, stone and vegetation, which are in harmony with each other. The harmony of the elements is especially important here.

There are few or no plants. And the main elements, the basis of the garden, are stones skillfully installed on the territory.

Equally important in the design of the landscape is water - the "blood" of the garden. A waterfall, stream, spring or pond are must-haves for your Japanese corner.

rock garden

The stone symbolizes stamina and strength, and assembled into a composition, they symbolize the infinite and unknowable Universe. That is why the stones are laid out so that no matter where you are in the territory, you would not see all the stones at the same time.

We start laying out the composition of stones (necessarily an odd number) from the left corner of the site diagonally. Try to use stones in a single color scheme or in groups of different colors, without any processing, as they are in nature. Overgrown with moss, boulders will look even more natural. Compositions of large and small stones are also possible. Nearby we plant plants with foliage of an attractive color or unusual shape.

Smooth winding paths paved with stone are exactly what makes a Japanese garden calm, balanced and fills the atmosphere with harmony. A path of smooth flat stones symbolizes a journey through life without barriers and problems. What will the path in your garden look like?

Using river pebbles, sand, or pea gravel (all of which traditionally represent water), you can create a "dry stream" or a small waterfall.

Sandstone and natural shales are also used to decorate the garden.

Plants for the Japanese garden

Each of the plants carries a philosophical meaning:

pine - a symbol of long life, courage, strong character, longevity
weeping willow - modesty and obedience
the plum tree represents the beauty of the soul
maple - a symbol of wisdom, knowledge
bamboo - assertiveness, fortitude, striving forward
bindweed - poetry of life
moss, lichen - personify maternal kindness and love, protection and reliability

Therefore, when choosing plants for your garden, consider this aspect.

An extraordinary decoration of your garden can be nivaki, plants grown in a special way with a beautiful extravagant crown. They are also called "garden bonsai" for their strong resemblance to these plants. The main principle in the landscaping of the territory is the "wave principle": the plants are selected in such a way that at any time of the year one can admire something.

Shrubs and undersized trees, such as rhododendron, juniper, Karelian birch, dwarf spruce, are combined with tall ones - oak, pine, elm. Fruit trees (cherry, apricot) may well replace Japanese sakura and will also delight you during flowering.

From herbaceous plants, you should choose large-leaved species, such as hosta, ferns, chrysanthemums, rogersia.

Bamboo and baobab are thermophilic and may not take root in our area. Black alder "Imperialis" or Sakhalin buckwheat can serve as an alternative to bamboo.

If the territory of your garden is in the shade, plants such as rhododendrons, Japanese primrose, three-parted multi-row, light spinach are suitable. On the sunny side good: Japanese spirea, dwarf Weymouth pine, Ginnala riverine maple. A bright periwinkle or Siebold's hoof will also be appropriate in your flower bed.

Water

Water is a symbol of vital energy, purification, prosperity, positive energy. A Japanese-style garden is inconceivable without a water feature. This is a waterfall (symbolizes the beginning of human life), a stream (streams of water - the river of our life), a fountain, a small pond. Moisture-loving plants can be planted along the banks of your pond.

An alternative would be a "dry stream" or "dry pond", as well as wavy lines drawn on sand or fine gravel.

indispensable interesting element in your garden there will be a tsukubai - a bowl made of stone for washing your face and washing your hands (symbolizes purity and purity). Water from the tsukubai is collected with a bamboo ladle. Usually tsukubai are located near the house or at the entrance to the garden.

The space around the tsukubai is filled with a "sea" - black pebbles. Tsukubai can be combined with the Oribs lantern (no other lanterns are suitable for this role). Such a duet will perfectly emphasize the style of your garden and fill it with the melody of babbling water.

One can talk endlessly about Japanese culture, it is so interesting and bewitching. And you can't go wrong if you decide to decorate your garden in Japanese style. After all, it is here that you will feel on the same wavelength with nature, which is so important in our modern dynamic pace of life.

Relief

Depending on the characteristics of the site, you can create a garden in flat and mountainous terrain.

Reanlsey Garden- an example of a planar composition. For this design, you will need sand, small stones and moss. On the sand, draw transverse stripes-waves with a rake - they will symbolize the water area, a "dry pond". Arrange randomly moss and stones.

For hilly terrain, sand, pebbles and large structural stones are useful. Place a large elongated stone vertically - this is your mountain peak. Make the slopes of your hill out of flat cobblestones.

Bridge in Japan - a symbol of the life path, so it is made from valuable tree species. For a harmonious combination, lay out a stone path to your bridge. You can also lay out stones on both sides of the bridge or plant a flower bed. Sitting on the bridge with a cup of tea, you can think about the main values of life.

Flowers. The inhabitants of the Celestial Empire carefully monitor nature. In general, the East is characterized by attachment to everything fresh, real, to the miracle of nascent life.

Praise the natural

Many botanists are of the opinion that the flora of the Middle Kingdom is one of the richest and most colorful on the planet. An indicator is a Japanese flower park called "Ashikaga", located on the island of Honshu. Delicate wisteria of different shades, broom and plum, daffodils and muscari grow here. Tulips, azaleas and rhododendrons, as well as roses, hydrangeas, petunias, irises and clematis amaze visitors with a colorful palette. In addition, you can see the delightful riot of nature by heading to Tokyo, where the Kawachi Fuji Garden is located, or to Hatachi Seaside Park in Hitachinaka City.

If you find yourself in this wonderful state, then you will see how nature is valued and protected on its territory.

Most residents are fond of floriculture; on their beds you can see a flower unusual for Europeans. The Japanese mentality has positive features: since childhood, these people are instilled with a desire to protect the environment. In other states, many of the local plants cannot be found.

The country has a mild climate, which favors the growth of many types of flora. There is also enough moisture and sun, due to which such natural masterpieces are born. Local botanists are trying to improve natural plants, experimenting, creating new shades, making the buds more lush.

National traditions

Many people know about such a hobby as ikebana. This art was born just on the territory of Japan, where lovers first began to beautifully arrange flowers. Careful attention is paid in China to the so-called art of flora. It includes the beliefs of the local inhabitants, bordering on mysticism. There are special cults, the center of which is a flower.

A Japanese person lives with the knowledge that admiring flowers should be an integral part of his life, because such a pastime helps to feel delight, enjoy the moments of the blossoming of nature. This process has its own name - khanami. It is combined with a meal. Traditional Japanese flowers are placed on the tables during lunch.

exotic close

Repeatedly, each of us saw Japanese flowers in local latitudes. The names of some are also very well known, such as the chrysanthemum, which is loved all over the world. If our flower grows in summer and autumn, then in its homeland an exotic beauty pleases the eye already in the first months of spring.

There are many species of this plant, which sometimes outshine even roses in their beauty. There are many authors who sing about this flower. Japanese conveys all the tenderness and awe with which people relate to this miracle of nature. You can not only admire them, but also make them an element of dishes and teas that the flower perfectly complements. Interesting exhibitions are held in honor of this plant, where you can just look at the beautiful compositions that amaze the imagination of an inexperienced connoisseur of art.

garden beauty

Chrysanthemum can be kept at home. It has a compact size due to the fact that flowers are planted in flowerpots, taken from greenhouses, where they grow from seeds. To stop growth, special preparations are administered. Also, thanks to them, the plant acquires a decorative appearance.

When buying a cutting, you can end up with a fairly large process, which is more suitable for a garden setting. In order to avoid this, you need to know the subtleties of care. They reproduce in different ways: cuttings, dividing the bush, true lovers of these plants take Japanese flower seeds.

The first two methods are very simple. It is necessary to take 3-5 cuttings and plant in one pot. Branches should be pruned after flowering. Wintering should proceed under temperature conditions close to zero. It is best to put the pot in the cellar. escapes will appear. This is a great time to change new land. If the flower is old, you can do without it, although a fresh environment will always benefit the plant. If the chrysanthemum has developed well, you can start collecting cuttings that will be used to grow new bushes. It's lovely and unpretentious flower giving joy to everyone who decorates their home with it.

Refined beauty

Sakura, the most popular Japanese tree, also deserves admiration. Its flower has an unusually delicate color. Hanami, as a rule, is dedicated to him. On television, you can see forecasts for the flowering time of trees in individual cities. Thus, citizens are preparing for admiration, as if for a ceremony.

There is great amount parks and gardens planted with these plants. They look truly fabulous, give admiration and peace. Sakura is either sharp-sawed. The tree can reach a height of 25 meters, has large leaves that turn dark purple or even brown in autumn. Each brush, which is 5 cm long, contains about 8 flowers.

Subtleties of treatment

Flowering is observed in March-June. Often formed pink flowers, although in Japan you can meet not only them. There are parks in which there are several dozen species of this tree. It is able to withstand cold weather, grows gradually. When buds appear, it is better to water the roots additionally, especially if there is little rain.

The earth sometimes lacks potassium and nitrogen, organic-type substances, which can make growth difficult. To solve this problem, manure and humus, organic and mineral fertilizers. In addition, it is worth trimming the branches that have dried up and burden the crown. This is best done in the spring, before the juice begins to move along the trunk. This operation should be carried out by a specialist so as not to harm the sakura.

To get new trees, you need to carry out reproduction using seeds or processes of roots. Cuttings and grafting are also suitable when it comes to varietal sakura.

Beautiful children of the earth

Benibana is another unusual and interesting flower. The Japanese people love her for her bright scarlet color. When it blooms in summer, it seems as if a red carpet has covered the mountains, like poppies in our fields. The plant belongs to the chrysanthemum, and in appearance it looks like a thistle.

Another wonderful flower is the orchid, which is often depicted in the paintings of Japanese masters. Interestingly, it came to China from South America. The climate here is quite suitable for her. Japanese scientists set up experiments during which the color, shape of the petals changes, or reproduction occurs in a new way.

Secrets of a successful gardener

For an orchid to grow well, you need to work on it correctly. organized lighting. It must be scattered. The direct rays of the sun will only hurt. If everything is done correctly, then you can regularly see the beautiful flowers of this plant. When mistakes are made, the leaves take on a yellow tint and an elongated shape. In summer, you should not leave the orchid on the windowsill, it is better to put it in a light shade, otherwise a burn may appear. It is very slow to adapt to bright lighting after the winter cold. You can use plastic or film.

In autumn, blackout should be eliminated, since natural light is no longer so strong. At this time, a period begins when the orchid experiences peace, shoots and buds are poured for future flowers. It is also important not only the strength, but also the duration of the lighting. This plant should be under the rays of light for at least half a day. You can not leave it in the shade for a long time. To solve this problem, it is worth using artificial light.

Quality Care

You always want more beauty, so gardeners are wondering about the reproduction of this beautiful flower. To do everything right, you need to have a solid stock of knowledge. You can divide a larger plant. Some detach the shoots that have grown on the sides. Cuttings from above are also good for transplanting. Bulbs are also suitable for this purpose.

Or you can go the more complicated route and grow a flower from a seed. When the soil ball collapses, the plant can be damaged, so you need to act with extreme care so as not to hurt the hairs of the roots, because it is thanks to them that the orchid feeds.

Sometimes you can cut open the pot to get it right, but the root system will remain intact. Jewelry work is cutting off old parts. The top is not covered with substrate. When it comes to trimming the peduncle, you can get rid of it completely or partially in the part where the flower grew. The plant has buds that are dormant. Lateral peduncles and offspring appear from them.

You really need to love nature in order to study all the subtleties of dealing with it and ensure mutual understanding with man. environment. This works well with the Japanese, from whom we have borrowed a large number of beautiful plants that give pleasure and peace of mind just by looking at them. The Celestial Empire is the land of spiritual development and close interaction with nature.