Decorative partitions in the interior of the room - zoning ideas. Interior partitions: what is better to make, the choice of material and construction technology Installation of wooden partitions

The partition is an indispensable element of space zoning, due to which you can easily divide the territory of any room, making the room cozy and functional. Our article is devoted to this important, although not mandatory, interior detail - read carefully and you will learn everything about partitions.

A non-capital wall that does not have bearing capacity is called a partition. Its creation is a significant stage in the redevelopment of the apartment. Of course, when choosing a place and determining the dimensions of an additional wall, you are guided by your own taste and wishes, but do not forget about the laws of change usable area dwellings. According to the rules established by the state, the possibilities of work related to the "reform" of ceilings are strictly regulated. Familiarize yourself with the relevant documentation (Housing Code and current SNiP) and obtain the approval of special services that control such processes in your city.

Types of internal partitions

All partitions can be reasonably divided into:

• interior
• inter-apartment

Of course, interior partitions will differ in less strength and thickness - from 10 cm (for inter-apartment, decent thickness parameters start from 20 cm). Often they do not even require good heat and sound insulation, performing the function of a decorative means of zoning the territory.

However, the most remarkable classification is based on the difference in the materials from which the partition is made. For each of the bases, General requirements- strength, incombustibility, good heat and sound insulation qualities. To date, many materials meet such conditions, both traditional (wood, brick) and not always familiar to the average consumer (glass blocks, drywall). Consider the advantages and disadvantages of all types internal partitions distributed according to the "material" criterion.

Wooden partitions

Structurally, such a wall is a frame made of a veneered profile or solid wood, provided with a certain filler. As a rule, for the construction of a partition, a round timber is used (a tree cut down and cleared of branches, divided across into segments of the required size) or wooden plates- for inter-apartment floors. Interior partitions assembled from frame structures.

Advantages: natural decorative texture; ecological cleanliness material; ease of processing (carving, sawing); strength; the possibility of making partitions various forms and configurations.

Disadvantages: significant weight requiring a rigid base; low moisture resistance; tendency to rot; low level of sound insulation.

Brick partitions

Additional floors made of bricks are optimally suited for stone, cinder-concrete and, of course, brick buildings - in other cases, this option is unlikely to be successful. A significant mass of a brick partition certainly obliges you to equip a stable foundation.

As a building material, white or red brick is usually used, which can be full or hollow. It is logical that you will need a solid brick if you create a wall designed to hold objects of a serious mass.

Advantages: durability; the possibility of easy device niches or arches; the ability to withstand heavy objects suspended from the ceiling; incombustibility and environmental friendliness of the material.

Disadvantages: restrictions on the use; technological difficulties in the production of masonry; the duration of the construction process; the need to plaster the surface before carrying out subsequent finishing (pasting with wallpaper, tiling).

Cast (monolithic) partitions

The installation of monolithic partitions is a very long-term and labor-intensive process. The technology of creation provides for the construction of formwork with a reinforcing cage into which concrete is poured. As a casting material, not only concrete is usually used, but sawdust concrete, slag concrete, expanded clay concrete or gypsum concrete. The thickness of the partition varies from 5 to 15 cm.

Advantages: best performance strength (in comparison with other types of partitions); high degree fire safety.

Disadvantages: the severity of the partition, which allows it to be installed only in concrete, stone or brick buildings on a solid foundation (on carrier plate); the complexity of the construction; the need for additional processing for finishing.

Partition-cabinet

An indispensable tool for delimiting rooms with different functions (living room and kitchen), allowing you to increase the functionality of the space and increase its usable area. Due to the built-in shelves, the territory is freed up, which can be given away for any needs with a light heart. Mounting features determine the location of the shelves - as a rule, in order to enhance soundproofing, a “blank” wall is directed in one direction, and the cabinet doors are turned in the other.

Advantages: economical and functional use of space; ease of installation; decorative.

Disadvantages: low level of sound insulation; conditionality of separation (the closet rarely completely closes the openings, ensuring the visibility of the room).

Partition screen

The length of the partition-screen is selected in accordance with the dimensions of the room equipped with it. The design combines several screens (usually 4-5 sheets of plywood or fiberboard) and half-screens that play the role of transforming wall doors. The elements are fixed by means of iron loops. The main advantage of the screen, of course, is the ability to quickly assemble it, giving access to the entire room, or rearrange it to a more suitable place.

Advantages: mobility, compactness, decorative effect.

Cons: almost zero level sound insulation; conditional division of space.

Tongue-and-groove slabs (PGP)

Interesting and quite easy to install construction material capable, in addition to zoning space, to provide the premises good quality heat and sound insulation. The wall is assembled from rectangular gypsum boards, the presence of which has a docking (groove) and supporting (crest) surface allows you to do with the "dry" (mortar-free) assembly method during installation.

Advantages: environmental safety; ease of installation; the possibility of acquiring boards with increased moisture resistance (hydrophobized products); no need for leveling and plastering (the finished wall can be immediately pasted over with wallpaper or covered with paint); high level of sound and heat insulation; weak combustibility.

Disadvantages: the need for careful waterproofing and finishing; insufficient strength in comparison with brick or block structures.

Drywall partition

One of the most popular finishing materials- drywall - successfully used in the field of creating interior partitions. with laying a heater between them, which most often acts as mineral wool. The thickness of the partition, respectively, is directly dependent on the thickness of the racks of the frame. Please note that the calculation of the size of the racks is determined by the potential load that you want to hang on the finished wall in the future.

Advantages: good level sound and heat insulation; the possibility of carrying out hidden electrical wiring; perfectly flat surface finished wall suitable for almost any type of finish; fire resistance of the material; high installation speed.

Flaws: low level moisture resistance (with the exception of specially protected green products); the impossibility of attaching heavy objects to a single-layer drywall floor.

Concrete block partitions

Such floors are erected from lightweight (cellular concrete), which is made by mixing cement paste with special additives. concrete blocks(usually 10 cm thick) are mounted according to the standard method brickwork while creating a flat and smooth surface.

Advantages: lightness and fire resistance of the material; good heat and sound insulation characteristics; moisture resistance; ease of processing (blocks are easy to cut, saw, etc.) and fast installation; structural strength.

Disadvantages: technological complexity of installation; the complexity of plastering "dusty" concrete surface(the need to create several layers of primer).

Glass block partitions

They will allow you to easily assemble a high-quality wall with good insulating performance, while having a considerable decorative effect. Translucent "bricks" of glass will allow you to get rid of the feeling of isolation of space and provide an elegant and decorative solution for zoning the room.

Advantages: high level of sound and heat insulation; no need for additional finishing; manifold colors; increasing the amount of light in the room; material strength; moisture resistance.

Disadvantages: the impossibility of laying pipes or electrical wiring inside transparent glass blocks; the impossibility of drilling glass blocks (respectively, paintings and shelves will have to be hung on other walls).

When redevelopment, the question always arises about interior partitions - what is better to make, how to make and what properties it will then have.

In construction, there are more than a dozen types of partitions used in. All of them have both advantages and disadvantages.

Brick partitions are a classic.

They are durable, can be used in damp and even wet rooms, and are also resistant to temperature effects.

They hold well any fasteners that can be used to hang various items.

A good bricklayer quickly works with bricks and it will take him one or two days to build a partition of 12-15 squares.

Masonry is carried out on a cement or cement-lime mortar with a plasticizer. Reinforcement is laid every 4 rows, and from the edges the partition is anchored to the main walls with the help of metal pins.

Two types of brick laying are used - ordinary laying on spoons and laying on the edge. For laying on the edge, only solid bricks are used. Laying on spoons is more time-consuming, and for it they use not an ordinary brick with a thickness of 65 mm, but a thickened one with a thickness of 88 mm. This allows you to speed up the construction of the partition by 30-40%. However, the partition laid on the edge is less durable, and it is not allowed to make strobes for electrical wiring in it.

When a partition is erected, they ask themselves: if we compare a brick partition with any other interior partition, what is better? An ordinary brick partition is quite low in terms of soundproofing properties. Nevertheless, the partition laid on the die meets all sanitary requirements for sound insulation within one apartment for one family.

When laying a brick partition between adjacent apartments, laying is carried out in two parallel walls, between which a layer of mineral wool is made. The walls are interconnected using inserts from.

Typically, such masonry is carried out on an edge in two walls, every four rows are reinforced and connected with brick inserts through four bricks, the masonry is carried out on both walls synchronously. A solid thick brick wall is not used - the floor slab will not withstand it, and it will cost more. Between the room and the bathroom, it is necessary to lay the partition on the plate, and between the bathroom and the kitchen, the bathroom and the hallway, it is allowed on the edge.

Of the minuses - a rather high cost, the largest weight, requires full-fledged plaster and increased requirements for the qualifications of workers during construction. Pros: durability, strength, load bearing capacity, hygiene.

Partition of aerated concrete blocks

Aerated concrete blocks - the most cheap option for partitions.

Masonry is carried out from blocks with a thickness of 100, 150, 200 and 250 mm.

Blocks are laid both on glue and on mortar.

Block glue is preferable - working with it is much faster, and you do not need to wait until the solution grabs so that the wall does not “float”.

However, the first row is still brought to the solution and allowed to seize - this takes a day.

When laying, they reinforce - they reinforce by making strobes in blocks on top of each row, fill them with glue and lay bars with a diameter of 4-8 mm there. It is convenient to make strobes in blocks with a milling cutter before laying in the wall, you can use a cheap drywall router. Also, every 2 rows, the partition is anchored to the wall. When laying on a mortar, they are reinforced with an ordinary masonry mesh, as for a brick, or bars with a thickness of 3-4 mm are laid. Reinforce every two rows.

The soundproofing of the aerated concrete partition is located on high level- they are much better than brick protect from noise. For an interior partition, a thickness of 100 mm is sufficient.

If you want increased sound insulation, you can do it, as in the case of a brick, lay it in two rows and between them. In this case, the wall does not need to be connected to another wall. Or there is another option - to use a wall of greater thickness. When laying with a thickness of 250 mm, excellent sound insulation is obtained, and it will cost less than a double wall with mineral wool in the middle.

The process of erecting partitions allows you to make them fairly even, which eliminates further. You just need to putty in several layers to hide the bumps. Putty is made with both cement and gypsum and polymer compositions.

Disadvantages of an aerated concrete partition - it does not respond fire regulations for escape routes, cover it stairwell or an elevator shaft is impossible. There are also fixable problems with retaining fasteners in it - it requires special fasteners for aerated concrete, if they want to fix something heavy, such as a shelf with heavy books or a horizontal bar.

Drywall - the most prefabricated partitions

If you are still thinking about which interior partitions to choose, what is better to do so that you don’t have to daydream a lot with finishing - drywall will be ideal.

The fact is that they allow a minimum layer of putty.

True, in this case, you will have to process the drywall seams with a sickle mesh.

Also, drywall must be primed very well before painting and before wallpapering - otherwise the paint from its surface will come out on the finish.

The ideal option is to paste over the walls with smooth interlining before subsequent painting or wallpapering, or even use interlining under.

Plasterboard partitions hollow. They consist of two layers of drywall, fixed to the frame on both sides. This allows you to place sound insulation inside, because the partitions themselves have practically no sound insulation. However, this also affects their cost - mineral wool is quite expensive.

Chasing in such partitions is not required - the thickness of the frame will make it possible to place not only electrical wiring in such partitions, but also rather thick water supply pipes.

Exist certain difficulties with fastening on drywall heavy shelves. If they want to fix this, they first outline its position. Then under drywall with back side fasten wooden board at least 25 cm wide (depending on the weight of the shelf) and fasten it with self-tapping screws in increments of 10-15 mm. Already then, through a layer of drywall, with the help of simple self-tapping screws, hooks are fixed on which they are hung. If you need to fasten a special weight, then the fastening is done directly through the drywall to the frame.

When they don’t want to spoil the finish in order to fix something, they screw a wooden board or shield on top of the drywall with a frequent pitch of self-tapping screws. The board can then be painted, and already to fix what you want to it.

Other types of partitions

Of the other types of partitions, I would like to note tongue-and-groove slabs, ceramic hollow blocks and partitions made of boards, plastered on shingles with lime.

tongue-and-groove slabs - a good option for those who do not want to suffer with gating under the electrician.

Vertical strobes, however, will have to be done.

However, horizontal ones can be avoided - there are longitudinal voids in the blocks into which the wire is pulled in the corrugation.

Hiding pipes there is unlikely to work, but for wires - a good option. Like aerated concrete partitions, they require a minimum of finishing, but they are somewhat more expensive, heavier, have a small thickness and are incompatible with cement putty and. The fasteners are holding well. In terms of soundproofing, they are slightly better than aerated concrete due to voids.

Ceramic hollow blocks are also a good option. Their main drawback is that fasteners do not hold well in them, since most of the Euro-type blocks produced have a very thin wall. Blocks of the old type are devoid of this drawback - the wall in them is sufficient to withstand even heavy fasteners.

However, these blocks can be used in fire hazardous rooms and in rooms with high temperature and humidity, such as a home sauna or Turkish.

In terms of sound insulation, these blocks are perfect for any room inside the apartment.

A partition made of boards plastered with lime on shingles is an option used in old houses.

There is practically no sound insulation here, the partition is afraid of water, it cannot be used in fire hazardous rooms. There will be a lot of dirt during work, as a large amount of plastering work is required.

Fasteners in it are kept medium - you need to drill to the very board. However, for the price of materials, it will cost the least. It is impossible to plaster on shingles with cement - they have a different coefficient of thermal expansion, over time cement plaster from the shingles will begin to fall off, and the tree under the cement rots strongly along a number of complex ones. Lime is also a protection against decay, and adheres to shingles much better.

The video shows the installation of a partition made of KNAUF plaster:

TYPES OF PARTITIONS AND REQUIREMENTS FOR THEM

Basic types.

Partitions are installed to divide the space enclosed between the main walls of the building into separate rooms. Unlike external and internal main walls, which are part of the structural core, which perceives all the loads from the building, partitions, for the most part, do not perceive any loads. The weight of the partitions themselves is transferred to the floors and main walls of the building.

Separate types of partitions can have pronounced specific qualities, for example: high strength, high fire resistance, hygiene, low sound conductivity, moisture resistance, etc. However, it is not advisable to classify partitions according to these features, since all types of partitions have, to a greater or lesser extent, the indicated qualities . Therefore, below are the main types of partitions, characterized by material or design.

According to the material of the partition can be:

1) wooden;

2) from artificial materials of inorganic origin (slag-alabaster, slag concrete, reinforced concrete, ceramics, etc.);

3) from artificial inorganic materials with an admixture of organic (trim, fibrolite, gypsum reinforced with wood, etc.);

4) from artificial and natural stones (brick, ceramic and cinder-concrete stones, tuff, shell rock);

5) mixed from various materials of different densities, used mainly to enhance sound insulation.

By design, partitions are:

1) solid, homogeneous (monolithic);

2) layered;

3) frame-sheathing: a) hollow and b) filling;

4) from hollow stones, slabs and boards.

Partitions of all types can be:

1) prefabricated - industrial type, from large elements of a factory blank;

2) erected at the workplace from smaller elements.

Production and economic requirements

Both in terms of the amount of building materials used and the volume of work, partitions are one of the essential elements of the building. Therefore, when choosing the type of partitions, it is necessary to pay due attention to economic considerations. Any complications in the work, an increase in the thickness and size of the partitions must always be justified and justified by necessity. The lightest and simplest in design partitions are preferred, however, corresponding to the purpose and interior decoration building.

One of the main design tasks is to reduce the dead weight of all elements of the building. It is especially desirable to lighten the partitions, the weight of which loads and weighs the interfloor ceilings. At the same time, partitions should be as thin as possible so that they do not take away the usable area of ​​the premises. Reducing the weight and thickness of the partitions is limited, however, by the requirements of sound insulation.

In terms of production, partition structures must meet the requirements of their industrial production at a factory or at a construction yard and allow for simple and convenient assembly with the least expenditure of labor.

The requirements of the economy dictate the need for maximum standardization and industrialization of construction and a complete rejection of expensive and labor-intensive artisanal methods of work. Therefore, it is always preferable to use prefabricated panel partitions from pre-prepared panels and slabs. The prefabricated method guarantees a fast and precise erection of the structure without the loss of materials in the form of shavings and scraps, without splashing and loss of plaster, inevitable in handicraft construction.

fire safety requirements.

According to fire safety standards, partitions, like other elements of buildings, are divided into 4 categories according to the degree of fire resistance:

I - fire-resistant, II - semi-flammable, III - semi-combustible and IV - combustible. The degree of fire resistance of partitions depends on the materials used and the design of the partition.

fire resistant are called partitions made of fire-resistant materials (i.e., those that do not burn and do not undergo significant deformations when joint action fire and water when extinguishing a fire). These include partitions made of brick, reinforced concrete with a thickness of at least 8 cm and concrete with a thickness of 10 cm.

semi fire retardant are called partitions that do not burn, but can be severely deformed in a fire (for example, metal with glazing, reinforced concrete less than 5 cm thick and concrete less than 6 cm thick).

semi-combustible are called partitions made of combustible materials, which, as a result of appropriate processing or coating with a protective layer, do not burn with an open flame and therefore are slowly destroyed by fire. In such partitions, internal cavities pose a certain danger, since, firstly, they contribute to the spread of fire and smoke that have entered them, and, secondly, when heated from the outside, the combustible material of the partition can spontaneously ignite from the side of the internal cavity. Therefore, when constructing partitions, internal cavities should be avoided or filled with fireproof materials. Semi-combustible are, for example, wooden partitions plastered on both sides.

combustible are called wooden unprotected partitions.

sanitary requirements.

1) the body of the partitions must be tight; that's why the best materials for them are inorganic (reinforced concrete, gypsum, brick), the worst - organic (straw, reeds, fibrolite, etc.)

2) the surface of the partitions must be even and dense, without cracks and pores; the most rational partitions are made of alabaster and cinder-concrete slabs; somewhat inferior to them are wooden plastered partitions.

When using dry plaster, it should be borne in mind that the air cavity between the dry plaster and the body of the partition is undesirable. Therefore, it is necessary to find such methods of attaching dry plaster, in which this cavity does not work. in better ways Partition wall finishes are: painting with casein paints, oil and nitro paints, wallpapering and, finally, facing with various kinds of tiles.

acoustic requirements.

The partition should prevent the propagation of sound so that the sounds that occur in one room are not distinguishable and do not disturb in the adjacent room, separated by this partition.

The degree of reduction in the intensity of sound when it passes through the partition is called the degree soundproofing partitions. Obviously, the required degree of sound insulation depends on the nature of the shared rooms. Typically, wooden plastered partitions have a degree of sound insulation sufficient for residential buildings.

If a higher degree of sound insulation is required, measures are taken to improve the sound insulation of ordinary partitions or special types of partitions with increased sound insulation are used.

After all, they can perform a different function, based on overall design housing.

They are produced from variety of materials. They are used for zoning rooms, supports in the storage system, equip video zones, and even they simply perform a decorative function.

We suggest that you familiarize yourself with the photo of the interior partitions presented in this article.

To some extent, an interior partition can be called the same wall, but in a simpler and lighter version. The main task of this design is to divide the space, that is, to zone it. They can be deaf, combined, transparent.

Stationary partitions - an alternative to the wall

There are interior partitions made of drywall, as well as brick, stone, foam concrete, wood, and glass blocks. They help not only to zone the space, but also isolate the sound.

In addition, they are endowed with excellent moisture resistant properties, are quite durable and will last a long time. You can even attach fixtures like shelves, hangers, TVs, etc. to them.

Partitions, which are called screens, are some kind of supports with material attached to them, like a screen. Based on how complex this design is, as well as on the material used, they are installed independently, or with the help of specialists.

On the whole, similar options strong enough, but boxes with shelves cannot be attached to them. They have the advantage of not being able to completely isolate light between rooms.

Interior partitions in an apartment in the form of shelving have gained considerable popularity today. They are open, combined, from the floor or at a distance from it.

It all depends on how exactly the furniture is located in the partition installation area. The rack can be double-sided, deaf on one side. Such designs are strong and durable.

The fireplace building is one of interesting ways erection. The hearth duct is located in the septal cavity, for which it will have a considerable internal space.

The advantage of this fireplace design - inside the partition - is the ability to observe the flame from any part of the room. At the same time, the designs are endowed with a disadvantage. After all, to install a fireplace in a high-rise building, you must obtain the appropriate permits.

There may be partitions representing a complex of storage systems along with work surfaces and household appliances. For example, see the following photos of partitions.

Rotary partitions, sliding

Sliding interior partitions are a functional element for the interior of housing. Such designs allow you to be walls and doors at the same time. Regardless of the way they are opened, the main task still remains to zone the space.

With the help of glass compartment partitions, they are effectively fenced off functional areas. For example, if the living room is combined with the bedroom, the recreation area with the help of such a partition is separated just fine!

The same applies to the working area, dining room, children's room, if it is combined with the hall. Thanks to such partitions, additional sound insulation is created in the room, and they serve a lot. Well, you will have to think about how to make an interior partition of such a plan, since it will be quite difficult to make and install it yourself.

Variants of sliding partitions working on the principle will look great horizontal blinds, especially if they are made of wood, combined with the main interior design.

Vertical rotary options of partitions help to create a different level of closeness in the functional area. These options often provide electric drive, as well as remote control.

And the most in a simple way installation of partitions for zoning or separating parts of rooms from each other - these are the simplest, textile curtains which can now be purchased in any version.

See our photos and get inspired!

Photo of interior partitions in the interior

It will add sophistication and coziness, make the room more comfortable and help place numerous souvenirs, books, figurines and flowers.

Rack-partition: evaluate the benefits

The rack-partition for the house is quite simple in design - these are shelves that do not have a back wall and doors. Thanks to this, the rack turns out to be almost transparent, it does not clutter up the space (like a slide or a closet) and creates a feeling of lightness. In addition, we note its other advantages:

• space zoning- the ability to get fairly isolated, clearly defined functional areas. At the same time, it is absolutely not necessary for these purposes to install a very high, almost to the ceiling, partition. It is necessary when it is necessary to obtain a reliable illusion of a separate room or to reliably close a detachable part of the room, for example, when we allocate a place to sleep in the living room. The lower the rack, the more space, light and air will be in the room. You can also use a compromise solution - a stepped rack, the high part of which closes the part of the room that you want to make the most intimate.

• storage system- functional and convenient, this is still the main purpose of the rack. The rack allows you to use the available space as efficiently as possible, which is especially important for small rooms (apartments). It allows you to place a lot of objects (things) on a small area, providing free access to them from any side. The lower part of the rack can be made closed, in the form of boxes - there you can hide things that are not customary to flaunt. This approach will allow you to abandon the closet, further saving space.

• translucency- often the room has a single source daylight – window, and the installation of a blank partition in the middle of the room will create obstacles to the natural spread of light. Translucent shelving-partitions for room zoning minimally weaken daylight thus helping to save on electricity. In addition, in order to get comfortable lighting of a certain area, racks are often equipped with decorative lighting.

• versatility- the rack can be chosen for almost any style (with the exception of empire and classic). AT high-tech style a rack made of glass and metal will harmoniously fit in, in which the frame is made of chrome-plated steel (aluminum), and the shelves are made of tempered (clear or colored glass). For a country interior, a rack made of natural wood, painted white

• availability - the production of a rack does not require a lot of materials, as well as expensive devices (hinges, mechanisms), so it is very affordable. In addition, it is very easy to assemble: you need a screwdriver (screwdriver) and follow the instructions exactly - and the rack is easy to assemble

• practicality and durability- the rack does not have any mechanical parts - therefore it is durable, does not require special (special) care

Rack-partition for the house: zoning the space

In the interior of the room, the rack is most often used as a partition - for zoning the room. Here are some typical cases:

• studio apartment families with a child - the rack will help divide the room into "parent" and "nursery". Children receive, albeit quite tiny, but their own space, which is very important for raising responsibility and independence. A through rack that divides the room into a “children's” and “adult” half has one more advantage - parents have the ability to visually control children without “invading” their territory. For such a case, a double-sided rack is well suited - on the one hand, you can place children's things, on the other - things of parents

• in the living room, using the shelving, you can separate the seating area or highlight study (working area), where to put the library and the computer. In this case, a computer with the inevitable amount of wires, a printer and speakers will not spoil the style chosen for the living room. In addition, on the rack you can compactly and easily place everything you need for work - CDs, books, reference books, paper, magazines and other accessories.

In the living room, with the help of a rack, you can separate a recreation area or highlight a study