Manual fire detector. Manual addressable fire detector max. Basic parameters of the electronic device and a brief description of the detector

Practice, as well as theoretical calculations, shows that no monitoring and detection system can cover 100% of the area of ​​responsibility and reliably localize the development of damaging factors. This also applies to systems fire alarm.

Therefore, such simple means like a fire detector manual YPR— necessary to improve the level of confidence and overall effectiveness.

IPR fire alarm is a system, first of all, of giving an alarm to start prompt action by other means of fighting fire or a damaging factor.

In practice, it is useful for starting the evacuation of personnel not involved in fire extinguishing from the building, including due to the appearance of a hazard that is not localized inside the premises.

This may be toxic smoke coming from outside from a fire occurring on the ground or in a neighboring building, natural disasters, the danger of collapse of structures.

Advantages and disadvantages

IPR refers to devices of a switching type, reusable.

Its advantages:

1. a signal can be given by responsible personnel or a person who detects the development of a damaging factor that has not been recorded automatic system control;
2. devices are compact and reliable;
3. protection against unauthorized or accidental activation of the alarm is easily provided;
4. the fire detector IPR can be turned off by a special method, by a responsible person.

There are detectors and disadvantages. Most of them relate to design features:

• part of the devices is built on a switching contact diagram, oxidation of the corresponding structural elements may occur;
• installation is required according to strict rules;
• special shutdown schemes, the availability of funds for their use - should be controlled;
• after an alarm is activated, some structural parts must be replaced;
• the signal line may be damaged, as a result of which the alarm cannot be activated.

The last drawback neutralizes the fire detector manual radio channel IPR. But it also has disadvantages associated with the principle of operation, in particular, the influence of interference, the possibility of accidental activation by emission of radiation in the frequency band, and a limited range.

IPR design

Any IPR fire detector is an understandable device from an engineering point of view.

It consists of:

1. corps;
2. structures of changing the state of the signal circuit;
3. a safety device, most often a section of glass or a plastic sliding, liftable panel;
4. mechanism for fixing the state of alarm.

The IPR fire detector may differ in appearance, dimensions, connection scheme (with a normally closed or normally open circuit).

All modern devices of this class are defined by one thing: when looking at them, the usage pattern is clear.

On the outside of the case, short and clear instructions are applied in the form of visual-text symbols.

The person who gives the alarm can do it simply and effectively, and the subsequent measures by which the manual fire detector returns to the state of readiness are set out in the technical passport and must be known to the responsible personnel.

Principle of operation

The manual radio channel fire detector IPR, like other products, operates according to a clear scheme, it does not depend on the type of inclusion in the signal structure.

The idea is to demand elementary actions from the person activating the anxiety.

Therefore, to raise an alarm:

• the safety device is removed, lifted, leaned back, broken;
• the alarm button is pressed or the lever is moved (lowered, raised, pressed).

In this case, processes occur in the signal circuit that depend on the class of the device. A simple IPR detector only changes the state of the circuit.

More complex address type devices - interact with the data bus and exchange information with security remote control or another processing unit according to the algorithm laid down by the system manufacturer.

After the manual fire detector IPR KSK or another model is activated, the alarm state is recorded by the device. To return the device to rest mode, the responsible personnel are invited to take some actions.

The simplest one is based on a reversible key scheme. They turn the lock, which returns the lever, the activator with the button to the zero position or closes the internal electrical circuit that resets the trigger state in the address devices.

List of IPR detector models

A fire detector IPR is offered on the modern market different models corresponding to the same standards.

In accordance with GOST R 53325 and the requirements of the European SO 7240 - applied inscriptions, symbols and their sizes, their locations on the body are standardized.

The minimum dimensions are also subject to a single standard. safety devices. On the example of typical representatives of the class, it is possible to analyze the principles on which a modern IPR manual detector is built.

Manual fire detector IPR

A simple device, designed for use in 18-24V signal circuits, is activated by lowering the lever, works to open the circuit, to return to the zero position, you need to turn the lever stop block with a key. In the circuit interruption, a pair of reed switch-magnet is used, reliability is ensured, there is no oxidation of the contacts.

Manual detector IPR-3SUM

It is offered in several versions: with a line break when activated, blocking the passage of the signal, increasing, decreasing resistance (for automated systems for polling sensors).

Design - with a button under a protective cover.

Manual fire detector IPR-55

Representative of devices oriented to use together with security systems. Designed for perfect match with control structures PPK-2, PPS-3, "Rainbow", "Signal-20", "Signal-42", "Nota", "Signal-VK", "VERS", "Quartz-var.3", " Granite", "Master".

It is connected to the data loop, receives power through it, provides operation both in the handshake mode (with the supply of alternating voltage) to the bus, and without it.

Manual fire detector IPR 1

Acts as a universal means of activation, provides operation in handshake mode and without it, does not require an exact match of the connection scheme, can be used in a wide range automated systems.

The device needs power from the loop, activation is based on a reed switch-magnet pair, occurs when the lever is lowered.

Manual fire detector IPR KSK, aka IOPR 513/101-1

The all-weather model, designed to operate in the temperature range from -40 to +55 degrees, operates according to a simple scheme for interrupting or closing the signal circuit.

Feature - increased protection against accidental or unauthorized activation by recessing protective glass below the level of the front panel of the case.

Fire detector manual fireman IPR 514-3

Address device representative. When choosing one or another product, it is necessary to make sure that it is compatible with the data bus used in the applied automated system. It has several types of bus status monitoring and indication.

All models of devices comply with standardized industry requirements in terms of dimensions and ratio of functional parts of the case.

They provide for installation according to the approved GOST rules, the height from the floor to the button is from 1.4 to 1.6 meters, at least 750 mm in all dimensions to the nearest object, at a distance of no more than 50 m inside buildings and 150 m outside them - from each other.

Conclusion

Using a simple but effective IPR detector, you can significantly increase the functionality and efficiency of fire protection systems.

These devices can be used both to participate in automated fire suppression structures, and as a means for launching light and sound alarm about the presence of dangerous factors.

Video: IPR-I manual fire detector

Life is priceless. And her salvation is a priority not only for every person, but also for some services. Therefore, about fire safety think always and everywhere. And it will probably never stop. Even with the condition that they appear non-combustible materials, new technologies and ways of carrying out work using protective equipment no one is safe from fire. It can occur anywhere and at any time. In order to save lives (primarily) and material assets various means are being developed. Their purpose is to warn of a fire that has happened.

There are several notification options. Among them, one can single out voice messages through a loudspeaker, light signals (illumination of escape routes), opening emergency exits. One of the most common is the beep. It is well heard in different rooms. Some of these types can work simultaneously. Separate devices have been developed to supply such signals. These devices include the detector IPR 513-10.

Features of use

Manual detectors IPR 513-10 are used to turn on the "Fire" signal. They are installed in security and fire alarm and other fire protection systems.

They do not need to be individually enabled or disabled. They stay on all the time. They work around the clock without interruption. But at the same time, the air temperature should be above minus forty degrees, but below plus sixty degrees. The detector cannot work in rooms with high humidity. For its continuous operation, the relative humidity of the air should not exceed ninety-five percent. In addition, there should be no condensation.

The fire detector IPR 513-10 is designed to warn others that a fire has occurred. It beeps when its button is pressed. Its volume is big enough. This allows you to hear it in several rooms at once.

Detector device

The device of the IPR 513-10 detector is quite simple. It is presented in the form of a case with a protective cover, in which a certain mechanism is hidden (it is called the base). The wires of the alarm loop are connected to the base. For this, there are terminals and a board with radio elements.

The lid is sealed. This protects the device from accidentally pressing the button. The lid itself is made of impact resistant ABS plastic good quality. It does not wear out for a long time and is not amenable to mechanical stress.

The principle of operation of the device

The device IPR 513-10 is connected to a power source. The range of allowable voltages is wide and includes values ​​​​from nine to thirty volts. A fire signal is transmitted via a two-wire alarm loop. When the button is pressed with a force of more than one and a half kilograms, the resistance in the signaling loop sharply decreases. The optical indicator turns on. The drop-down checkbox indicates that the button has been pressed.

After pressing the button remains in this position. You don't need to keep it all the time. The signal is turned off by returning the button to its original position. For this, a special key is used, which is included in the kit. The key is inserted into the hole located in the center of the button. The key, together with the button, is pressed and turned until the button is released. The flag is hidden back.

Technical characteristics of the device

The IPR 513-10 detector, as mentioned above, is connected to a wide voltage range (from nine to thirty volts). At the same time, in the connected state, it consumes less than fifty microamps. When the button is pressed and the “Fire” signal is on, the device has a resistance that is five hundred ohms.

In accordance with the requirements of the standards, the device belongs to the third degree in terms of noise immunity. In addition, it belongs to the third class in terms of protection against an electric field.

The length of the IPR 513-10 detector is 88 millimeters, the height is 85 millimeters, and the depth is 44 millimeters. The device weighs one hundred grams.

The service life declared by the manufacturer is ten years. At the same time, the time between failures is more than sixty thousand hours.

Such a simple-looking device as the IPR 513-10 detector will help save many lives in case of trouble.

Manual fire detector is, according to , defining the requirements for technical means aps, technical product to manually send an alarm. Abbreviated name / abbreviation - IPR.

Such products, duplicating automatic signal transmission from other devices similar in purpose, such as, gas or, are part of almost all APS installations / systems.

In addition, they can be used as devices for remote start-up of indoor stations/pumps. fire water pipeline, buildings / structures - duplicating elements of automatic and local installations manual way activation; activation/supply of air, for unlocking electromechanical/magnetic locks of doors of emergency exits, as well as panic buttons as part of a burglar alarm.

Nevertheless, the main purpose of the IPR is the formation of the "Fire" signal manually by eyewitnesses who have discovered signs of fire in the premises of buildings / structures, on the territory of the enterprise facility, where they are located; regardless of who they are - employees, on-duty engineering staff, security officers or visitors.

Kinds

There are two types of IPR as part of APS systems:

• Threshold. Traditional fire detectors in the premises of the building / on the territory, transmitting an alarm signal when the electrical circuit of the device connected to the SS loop is closed / opened. A significant disadvantage is the lack of an exact address of the source of the fire, depending on how many buildings / structures on the territory or rooms in the building / structures are protected by this SS loop.

As a rule, there is more clear information about the localization of a fire site than a floor of a building or a building / group of buildings on standard models It is simply impossible to obtain APS devices using threshold IPR, because it is impractically expensive to use a separate PS loop for each manual call point.

• Address. A great fundamental advantage of such IPR is the transmission of the exact coordinates of the fire in buildings, on the territory of the protected object. As a rule, they are used in addressable or addressable-analogue APS systems that use a PC with appropriate software installed as a control panel for a security / fire observation / control station. The latest developments modern models such products manufactured both by foreign and domestic producers, are IPRs capable of transmitting an alarm message over a radio channel or using cellular communications, both GSM and other standards.

It is worth considering in more detail the main types of products called IPR in order to understand their principle of operation:

• Fire detector manual addressable. According to the APS / AUPT installation design standards, this is an IPR that simultaneously transmits an alarm message about a fire to a receiving and controlling device (PKP) with an address code of its exact location / installation as part of the fire-fighting automation of the protected object.

The accuracy of targeted IPR - up to the location of the building / structure in the premises or the indication of a specific place on the territory of the enterprise / organization, allows you to quickly control the fire signal, take the necessary measures without losing precious time in such a situation; which is much more difficult in all respects when using traditional threshold IPRs included in long-distance SS loops that protect many premises in public, administrative building or buildings on the territory of an industrial enterprise.

This is very convenient, clearly visible on the PC monitor when using an automated workplace, for example, with a package software system security complex "Orion" from the leader Russian manufacturers equipment - NVP "Bolid" from the city of Korolev near Moscow.

The use of targeted IPR in such centralized complex systems control, including the use of video surveillance cameras, for obvious reasons, reduces / prevents both the number of false / accidental alarms, and the possibility of deliberately pressing such detectors, including from hooligan motives. At the same time, in one loop of the addressable analog or addressable receiver control device APS can include hundreds of detectors, including IPR of this type.

• Fire detector manual radio channel is a modern wireless device. It is most often used as part of addressable integrated security systems that protect objects - complexes of buildings of a large area / number of storeys or buildings of industrial, warehouse enterprises located on a large territory, where the use of wired systems is difficult, impractical or unprofitable due to various reasons. The transmission of a stable, reliable signal of an alarm message is carried out via a dedicated radio channel to long distance. For example, up to 600 m in open space at IPR 51310-1, also marked IPR-R, manufactured by Argus-Spectrum from St. Petersburg.
• Fire detector manual electrocontact- this is the oldest product in design, whose history of use has more than a century; but reliable, simple and, importantly, inexpensive device notification of a fire. Despite the emergence of more "advanced" technical terms addressable, radio channel IPR, including those using the GSM communication standard; mass production of electrocontact detectors, the principle of operation and the device of which are indicated in the name itself, is not reduced even today. They are in demand for equipping the premises of buildings, the territory of enterprises in all typical cases, when the requirements for their installation, the accuracy of determining the location are not so high.

Although to such general view- according to the principle of closing / opening the electrical circuit, all other IPR can also be included, traditionally they include more “old” product models. Addressable, radio channel manual call points received own name due to a fundamentally different way of exchanging information with compatible APS devices.

Different types/types of IPR can also include models of products in the usual design for installation in premises, on the territory where they are to be operated in normal conditions; and manual call points in explosion-proof cases, mounted in rooms of categories A, B.

Specifications

These options include:

• Simplicity, ease of use of IPR for its intended purpose. It should be easily distinguished against the background of the interior decoration of the premises, on the wall of the building, pole / support when installed on the territory, which is facilitated by the red color of the case; contrast, usually White color element of the detector that activates it, as well as dimensions - at least 5 thousand mm 2.
• The design must allow it to be triggered almost on the run, when the person who discovered the source of the fire is in a stressful / extreme situation. And, of course, do not require a preliminary study of the technical passport of the product, practical study his devices.
• Housing protection - not less than IP IPR must be resistant to vibration, electromagnetic effects, high humidity air, temperature fluctuations environment in a wide range, so they are installed not only indoors, but also on the territory of enterprises.

All these and many other technical requirements, as well as test methods for IPR for "professional suitability" are set out in.

It should be noted that most of the requirements are advisory, which allows manufacturers to use their imagination with might and main in designing IPR "different from others", which does not benefit the cause at all. So, the part of the device that causes it to work can be a fragile element that should/may be broken with a slight blow, as well as with a lever, button or other device (!). It is simply impossible to talk about the unification of products with such loose interpretations of the main element of the IPR.

On sale there are extremely inefficient designs of detectors with levers, push / slide brackets, slats. Practically puzzles created decades ago, archaic both in appearance and in the way they are used/returned to working condition after use.

Therefore, when choosing a product model, it is best to use the opinion of even non-specialists of design organizations, often out of habit including outdated equipment in the specification of working documentation; but by the engineering and technical councils of enterprises/organizations that, on the basis of a license from the Ministry of Emergency Situations, perform installation / maintenance of APS / AUPT systems, whose knowledge and experience will prompt optimal solution for this securable object.

Installation

When choosing a place for mounting the IPR, one should be guided by Appendix H to SP 5.13130.2009. Its main instructions are installation along evacuation routes, at exits from premises / buildings, in lobbies, corridors, on landings with convenient access to them, the maximum possible lighting.

• . Produced by GC "Rubezh". Power supply - 3-30 V, current consumption - no more than 50 μA. Dimensions - 88 x 85 x 43 mm, weight - less than 0.15 kg. Case protection - IP Operating temperature range - from -40 to + 60℃. Excellent detector, whose design, appearance, including marking, complies with both Russian and foreign compliance/certification standards; which is important in many situations in the design, subsequent maintenance.

• . With this marking, there are quite a few products from different manufacturers with additional titles. For example, IPR 535 "Garant" produced by "Spetspribor". This detector has an enclosure protection IP 67, resistance to aggressive environments, explosion-proof design. As well as IPR 535-7, produced by the Siberian Arsenal company. This is a classic manual call point from the past of these devices, with an additional anti-fool cover and a push-down button (!), as stated on the product, but in fact a sliding design. All together leads to unnecessary, unnecessary manipulations with the device; and the one who will put pressure on such a “button” will never give an alarm signal to anyone.

• produced by NVP "Bolid". This is a modern addressable electrocontact device that meets the highest standards. Up to 127 IPR 513-3A can be connected to one substation loop using control panels of the "" series, manufactured by the Bolid company, which is impressive.

Conclusions: find IPRs, relevant situations, suitable for compatibility with selected control panels, technical specifications and cost, it is not difficult if you resort to the help of specialists.

A manual fire call point is a mandatory part of any fire safety system and is designed to work with all types of control panels. Manual call points perform the same function in a fire alarm as alarm button in security systems, since even in a fully automated signaling, the human factor must be taken into account.

Assignment of manual call points

Detectors of this type are designed to give a fire alarm signal in manual mode and for the operational performance of certain functions. Very often, an alarm activated in manual mode contributes to the timely evacuation of personnel, the arrival of fire brigades and the rescue of property.

Manual call points are distinguished by their housing, which can have the following colors:

• Red
• Yellow
• Green
• White

The detector in a red housing is used to signal a fire alarm. A manual call point in a yellow plastic housing is used to activate the fire extinguishing system. The device in a green case is used to unlock the emergency exit doors, if it is present. The smoke exhaust system is activated by a white manual device.

Manual call points for fire alarms are used in all of the following facilities:

• Administrative institutions
• Social and entertainment enterprises
• Educational establishments
• Health care institutions
• Production facilities

In the absence of operable fire detectors in the fire safety system, not a single object can be accepted by the relevant commission and allowed for operation. After doing installation work for the installation of a fire alarm, each fire manual call point DIP must be checked for operation in combination with a control panel. This applies only to those types of detectors that can be switched to their original state using a special key.

Design of manual call points

Modern manual fire call points, according to the European standard, must be activated with just one action. In addition, there are very strict requirements for the shape and size of the case.

The fire manual call point must only have square shape with dimensions from 85 X 85 mm to 135 X 135 mm.

In this case, the detector control element must occupy at least 25% of the housing area. The concept of "one action" means that to activate a manual fire call point it is not necessary to break the seal, break the glass or open the protective cover of the device.

In this regard, such detectors from Russian manufacturers do not match European counterparts. In domestic systems, it is often necessary to perform unnecessary operations that take time, which reduces the efficiency of the fire alarm.

Seals are placed on some of our models, in most detectors the pressure element is under a protective cover, and the housing dimensions do not meet generally accepted standards.

Most often, manual fire detectors are self-sealed in educational institutions, since the percentage of clicks is high, especially among elementary school students.

An important difference between alarm fire detectors is that the element that activates the alarm can be non-recoverable, that is, it can be destroyed when the activator is pressed. In some models, the contact system is deformed, and its restoration requires opening the detector and performing certain actions. In any case, it is impossible to turn off the fire alarm by resetting the manual call point.

Disabling the alarm can only be performed from the control panel and only by the responsible person.

Russian manual fire detectors are designed using microswitches, and the control unit can be a button, key or lever that needs to be turned. As a result electrical circuit opens and the control panel receives information about the detector operation. Such a design does not meet the European standardEN 54-11 However, domestic manual call points are installed in all fire safety systems. On the case of such a device there is a mode indication LED. There is an explanatory inscription and/or drawing on the key or next to the button.

Installation of manual call points

There are strict rules governing the installation and connection handheld devices to give a fire alarm. Fire devices used for manual alarms come in bright red plastic housings that make them visible from afar. They are mounted on the walls at a height of 150 cm from the floor.

The distance between the detectors installed in the room should not exceed 50 meters, and the distance when outdoor installation limited to 150 meters.

It is strictly forbidden to place manual call points in closed boxes, closets and niches that reduce the possibility of quick detection of the device. At a distance of 75 cm from the device, there should not be any electronic devices or objects that restrict access to the device. Mechanical manual call points are not susceptible to electromagnetic radiation.

When organizing a fire safety system, manual call points are installed in the following places:

• On both sides of each corridor
• On the stairs
• In the hallways and lobbies
• In recreation
• At the main and emergency exits

The manual call point is connected to the control panel with a special heat-resistant cable KPSVVng(A)-LS, which does not support combustion and has low smoke emission.

Detector Models

IPR 513

Manual fire detector IPR 513-10 is designed to give a fire alarm as part of any type of security system. It is a rectangular case made of red plastic. The front panel is closed with a transparent cover, behind which there is an alarm button and led indicator. When you press the button, the contact group is switched and the resistance changes up to 500 ohms. At the same time, the flag on the front panel drops out, and the LED starts to glow constantly. In standby mode, it flashes at a frequency of 1 time in 5-8 seconds.

The detector is mounted on a vertical surface in accordance with the requirements of Appendix 13 NPB 88-2001. The device is connected by a two-wire line with a voltage of 9-30 volts, observing the polarity. In the IPR 513 detector, the alarm button can be set to its initial state using a special key that is included in the delivery set. The device allows connection using a four-wire line. Using the contact group, you can control the operation of the electronic lock.

ROP-100/EU

The ROP-100/EU manual call point is used in fire safety systems to trigger an alarm. The device is connected by a two-wire line and complies with all regulatory and technical requirements that are accepted in the countries of the European Union. The detector provides operability at a supply voltage of 9 to 30 volts. To turn on the alarm, press the rectangular plate in the center of the front panel. Two modifications of the detectors are produced: with a glass plate and with a plastic plate. The plate made of glass is destroyed when pressed and must be replaced for further operation of the device. plastic plate can be reset using the technology key.

Fire manual call points intended for outdoor installation have hermetic moisture-proof housings. They can operate in a wide temperature range. The connection line is laid in a plastic or metal sleeve.