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Power supply of administrative buildings. Voltage and power supplies

The majority of administrative buildings in terms of reliability of power supply belong to the 2nd category. These buildings should, as a rule, be fed from different transformers of two-transformer substations, which are fed from different sections, 10 (6) kV.
In turn, the 10(6) kV switchgear must be fed by two cable lines and have an emergency switch on of the reserve. Power supply from a single-transformer substation should be considered as practically possible, but still undesirable, because in this case, in order to power critical consumers with a 2nd category of power supply reliability, cable jumpers are laid in emergency mode between the low voltage switchgear busbars. In this case, the jumpers between the transformers must be designed so that the voltage loss to the most remote electrical receivers does not exceed the allowable for normal operation.
Lighting is powered by common transformers - for power and lighting consumers.
It should be noted that the normalized frequency of voltage changes in the network must be observed.
The supply of evacuation and emergency lighting must be independent of the supply of working lighting. With two inputs, power is supplied from different inputs, with one input - by independent lines from the input-distribution device (ASU).
The power of power transformers is taken on the basis of load calculation. At the same time, for approximate calculations of electrical loads, it is possible to use specific electrical loads, which for administrative buildings per square meter of usable area are 45 W - with air conditioning and 36 W - without.
The locations of transformer substations should be established when designing a specific facility in accordance with the requirements and taking into account the location of the building on the general plan, the center of concentration of the main electrical loads, architectural and planning solutions, etc.
Transformer substations, as a rule, are built into the building or attached to it, less often - separately located. When embedding a transformer substation, in some cases, complete transformer substations with air-cooled transformers are used and placed in the basement.
Substations with oil transformers should be located on the first or basement floor, but above the level of the planning ground level.
Power transformers must be with dead-earthed neutral. The applied three-phase current system with grounded neutral is 380/220 V (no-load voltage of transformers is 400/230 V).
In administrative buildings, there is also a voltage of 12 and 36 V, used as a local voltage, for example, in ventilation chambers.
Power supply of emergency lighting of administrative buildings from autonomous sources (batteries, diesel power plant), as a rule, is not required.

Power schemes

The figure shows typical power supply schemes for lighting administrative buildings. The power supply circuit from a single-transformer substation at category III loads is shown in Figure "a". For lighting loads of category II, it is recommended to use the "b" scheme, in which working and emergency lighting are powered by different transformers.
When each transformer is powered from independent sources (for example, from different sections of the 10 (6) kV switchgear, and even those with ATS), the circuit provides power supply to category I lighting loads.
Batteries as a second power source are rarely used and only when powering special loads, for example, for evacuation lighting.
From the switchboards of transformer substations, supply networks are laid to the group lighting panels of the main switchboard, from which the group networks go.
The limited number of protective devices on the switchboards of substations or on the main switchboard of the building, as well as the large values of their rated currents, in some cases make it necessary to multiply the switchboard feeder through the main point, from which group shields are already fed.
In the event of a power failure at the main source, it is possible to use circuits for automatically switching lighting from the main (working) power source to the backup (emergency) one.

Main circuit diagrams of emergency transfer stations

Our design company has carried out the development of the EOM project for the power supply of an office building in Moscow.

DESIGN OF EOM ELECTRICAL SYSTEM IN THE OFFICE

The basis for the design is:

Terms of reference for the development of project documentation from 2014.;

The initial data for design is:

Technical task.

Task from adjacent sections.

This project was developed for power electrical equipment and electric lighting for the overhaul of the office on the second floor of the building.

The power supply of power receivers mainly belongs to the 3rd category of power supply reliability according to the PUE classification. Mains voltage 380/220V, frequency 50Ec. Grounding system TN-C-S.

POWER EQUIPMENT

External power supply of the premises in this project is not provided.

The power electrical equipment of each room has a degree of protection corresponding to the category of this room. Electric sockets are accepted with the 3rd grounding contact.

Supply, distribution and group networks are made with a cable with copper conductors of the VVEng LS brand.

The project provides:

Electrical equipment that provides reception and distribution of electricity to consumers, which houses automatic linear switches and protective shutdown devices.

dedicated three-phase (five-wire) single-phase (three-wire) network to improve noise immunity and electrical safety.
luminaires that, during operation, do not create environmental pollution and emissions harmful to people;

The distribution of electricity between power receivers is carried out from switchboards.

Phase busbars (A, B, C), "N" bus are installed in the power boards (isolated from the housing), "PE" bus. The protective conductors are connected to the "PE" bus, and the working neutral conductors are connected to insulated bus "N". Tires "N" and "PE" on switchboards are not connected together. The density of installation in switchboards provides the possibility of measuring the load current in consumer lines and installing additional circuit breakers. Group networks are made with VVEng LS cable open in PVC cable channels. Group network routes are specified during on-site installation. The type of starting equipment is indicated on the design diagrams of the electrical network. Electrical equipment and electrical installation products are installed at a height from the level of the finished floor on the walls in places convenient for maintenance i installation height of sockets:

In the premises strictly according to the design project.

The socket network should be made with a VVGng LS 3x2.5 cable in PVC cable channel. When laying the plug network, it must be possible (if necessary) to replace the wires. The lengths of the tracks are specified locally. In places of outputs for connecting equipment, leave ends with a length of at least 0.5 meters. Specify socket bindings with the customer. Connect all metal non-current-carrying parts of electrical equipment to the protective neutral wire PE. Zero working N and zero protective PE conductors are connected in the shield under different terminals. Cables must have core insulation colors according to and. 2.1.31 PUE-98.

The laying of electrical equipment networks is carried out in conjunction with all communications. The wiring of power supply networks should be carried out taking into account the schemes for laying low-voltage networks (with parallel: 1 laying, the distance between the circuits must be at least 300 mm). In case of crossing, the location of electrical trays must necessarily be lower than low-current ones. Upon completion of the installation work, complex tests of electrical installations are carried out with the preparation of a technical report in accordance with the norms and rules of the Russian Federation. Perform electrical work in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 3-05.06-85, PUE-98 (ed. 6), PUE-2002 (ed. 7) in compliance with safety measures in accordance with SNiP 12.03-01.

ELECTRIC LIGHTING

Types of lighting, illumination and types of lamps are adopted in accordance with the purpose of the premises. Illumination of premises is accepted according to the norms of SP 31-110-2003 and SP 52.13330.201E. The distribution of electricity between lighting electrical receivers is carried out through AT2E. For working lighting, luminaires with energy-saving and fluorescent lamps are adopted. Work lighting is controlled locally by switches installed in the same room (or in the next room) with the luminaires controlled by them. Switches are installed at a height from the level of the clean floor switches, on the wall from the side of the door handle at a height of 0.9 m (to be agreed with the customer). Group lighting networks in the premises are carried out with a cable with copper conductors of the brand VVGig LS laid in a PVC pipe in the ceiling space.

When laying the lighting network, it must be possible (if necessary) to replace the wires. The lengths of the tracks are specified locally. In places of outputs for connecting equipment, leave ends with a length of at least 0.5 meters. Connect all metal non-current-carrying parts of electrical equipment to the protective neutral wire PE. Zero working N and zero protective PE conductors are connected in the shield under different terminals. Maintenance of lighting installations is carried out from stepladders.

ELECTRICAL SAFETY MEASURES

ENERGY SAVING MEASURES IN THE ELECTRICAL PART OF THE PROJECT

In order to save energy, the project provides for:

sections of wires and cables of distribution networks are selected taking into account the maximum utilization and simultaneity factors;
electrical network 380/220 V is carried out by cables and wires with copper conductors, ensuring a minimum of electricity losses;
all 380/220 V electrical lines are expected to be operational, i.e. energized (without "cold" reserve);
for lighting the designed structures and buildings, economical lamps are adopted, energy saving is carried out through the use of light sources with increased light output;
the lighting control scheme provides for the possibility of both full and partial switching on of lighting installations, taking into account the modes of operation in the premises (economical lighting control schemes in the premises have been used, which make it possible to turn on the lamps in rows, parallel to the light openings);

The project provides for a TN-C-S grounding system. As a zero protective conductor, a special zero conductor of the cable is used, connected to the grounding bus of the shields (PE). E [when several socket outlets are powered from one single-phase group line, the protective conductor branches to each socket outlet must be carried out in branch boxes or (when sockets are powered by a loop) in boxes to install socket outlets using one of the accepted methods (soldering, welding, pressing, special clamps , terminals, etc.). Sequential connection of the protective contacts of socket outlets into the protective conductor is not allowed.

To protect operating personnel from electric shock, the following measures are provided:

installation of U30 on separate group lines - with a leakage current of 30 mA;
zeroing (grounding) of electrical receivers by connecting to the zero protective conductor PE, which is connected to the grounding device of the building.

At the intersection of electrical wiring with technological communications and in places of possible mechanical damage, the electrical wiring is protected by steel pipes.

Note.

The final location of the equipment and the routes for the passage of power lines can be adjusted during electrical work, depending on the architectural and construction features of the building.
Wires are laid only along vertical and horizontal lines. Carry out the wiring in a PVC cable channel.
Mount the junction boxes behind the false ceiling. The exact installation locations of the junction boxes are to be determined during the on-site work.
Perform all branches in junction boxes, connect the cable cores through the terminal block.
Cut the lengths of the tracks in place after the final fitting.
In places of outputs for connecting equipment, leave ends with a length of at least 0.5 meters.

Socket bindings should be taken strictly in accordance with the technological and design project.

Administrative and office buildings are an integral part of modern architecture. In fact, these are buildings from which all existing business areas are managed. They differ in some complexity, and their development and construction is trusted by the best specialists. In addition, working on such complex projects requires a lot of practical experience.

When creating projects for administrative buildings, one should take into account not only its appearance, but also the internal functionality of the premises. This is especially true for the work of the engineering and technical staff, whose work should be optimally optimized. Not a single office building can do without communication systems: air conditioning, ventilation, heating, fire extinguishing, telecommunications, etc. However, only a competent approach to the design of these systems can ensure their convenient and functional use.

Our company brings to your attention the design of office buildings in the form of office suites, administrative buildings, free-standing structures of any complexity.

The design of office buildings in our company is carried out by highly qualified specialists. Cooperating with us, you get a ready-made design work, which contains all the key design stages. Our company has been working in this field for many years and has successfully implemented hundreds of administrative building projects. Our specialists will develop a building project taking into account your requirements, making the office space as efficient as possible.

When ordering an administrative building project, you get:

analysis of the technical condition of the building, that is, the reconstruction of an old building or construction from scratch;
calculation of an ideal place for construction, taking into account the existence of competitors in the area of the location of the building, transport interchange, etc.;
layout of the "open" floor, that is, load-bearing structures. This is especially true for new buildings;
car park next to the building, as a rule, there is one car park per 30 m2;
external finishing of the facade and public premises, laying of engineering communications;
design of metal-plastic windows, their placement;
false ceiling design.

Wherein:

in the project, the depth of the floor from window to window should be about 18-20 m;
the distance from the floor to the false ceiling should be 2.7 m;
only a two-pipe air conditioning system or a similar design is allowed;
for electrical, telephone and computer cables, a three-section box is used;
the elevator in the office building must be provided with a waiting period of up to 30 seconds;
the presence of a professional operator of telecommunications services is mandatory in the building;
building management must be carried out by a qualified specialist;
access and security systems must be monitored in an office building;
cafes and other amenities are expected for employees.

There is a special scale of criteria according to which the building is classified according to the above 17 laws. Class A buildings meet 14 criteria out of 17, in class B buildings - about 10 criteria out of 17.

There is a special classification of premises according to the form, according to which the individuality of a building is determined. However, we suggest that you consider some of the nuances that arise when designing office and administrative buildings.

As a rule, finding a suitable site for construction is not difficult. Therefore, the design is already carried out taking into account landscape works and landscaping of the territory.

The internal layout is based on how many rooms and offices are required to conduct efficient work. In each order, this item is considered individually, so it is impossible to give exact recommendations in this regard.

The layout of the floors, as well as the previous paragraph, is purely individual. It depends on the layout of the staff. The layout can be permanent (rigid) or changing (flexible). This means that in some cases the layout can be mixed, creating passages from one workplace to another, etc.

The construction of a multi-storey building for office and administrative use always differs in its cost. According to statistics, small buildings create a more efficient working environment than buildings with 20 floors. In addition, in multi-storey buildings. Where there are high-speed elevators, after a while it is impossible to make any changes.

One of the most important points in the design of such buildings is the architectural image. It is this point that often causes multiple disputes among developers and, at the same time, requires special attention. The architecture of each building affects the appearance of the city as a whole. That is why the construction of administrative buildings should be carried out taking into account the town planning plan of the city. Only a highly professional specialist will be able to combine all of the above and create a building project that meets all technical and aesthetic parameters.

We offer you our services for the design of office buildings. You can find out more information by contacting us at the phone number listed on the website. Our experts will be happy to help bring even the most creative ideas to life. You will be pleasantly surprised by the quality of work, prompt execution of the order, service and price list. We look forward to your call!

Power supply project for an administrative and industrial building with a 2-storey extension. The project considered: air conditioning power supply system, protective grounding, power electrical equipment, main networks, ventilation power supply.

Sections EO, EM in dwg

The power supply of the administrative and production building is carried out from the TP-MSCh. In the technical underground of the building there are two input-distribution devices ASU No. 1 (in the auxiliary block) and ASU No. 2 (in a six-story building), from which the lighting panels are powered (see the section "Power electrical equipment").

To connect portable electrical receivers to the mains, sockets with a grounding contact are provided along the corridors, the installation height of the sockets is 0.3 m from the level of the finished floor.

The method of laying the main and group networks is along the corridor and in the switchboard in perforated metal trays with a cover 100x50 and 300x50, behind a suspended ceiling in a flexible corrugated pipe d = 32mm, in cabinets in a 110x50 cable channel.

Control panels for supply and exhaust ventilation systems of the administrative and industrial building SHUV-0, SHUV-P1, SCHV-1, SCHV-2 are located on the basement floor, SHUV-V1, SHUV-V2, V3 are located in the attic, and SHUV-P2 on 5th floor. Control panels for supply and exhaust ventilation systems of the SHUV-0 extension are located on the basement floor, and SHUV-P3, SHUV-V4, SCHV-1 are installed on the second floor. For supply and exhaust systems in the power supply project of the administrative building, remote monitoring and control of systems are provided using a push-button post and RUSM boards, which displays an alarm about the operation of the equipment. RUSMs for supply and exhaust systems are planned to be placed in the pom. 1.3 security rooms, and push-button remote control stations near the installations.

The power supply project of the administrative building provides for the connection GZSH (Main Ground Bus) of the ASU cabinet with ground loop. To ground the equipment, make a protective ground loop with a resistance of not more than 4 ohms.

An external ground loop is provided in the electrical panel room (an annex, administrative and production building) on the basement floor, which is connected in two places to the designed external ground loop. It is also necessary to ground the storey switchboards by laying st. strips 40x4 1 m long along the wall at a height of 0.5 m from the finished floor. In the 2-storey extension of premises 2.56, 2.57, 2.49, in the administrative and production building on the 5th floor of the room. control room, to ground the premises by laying st. strips 40x4 along the wall at a height of 0.5 m from the finished floor.

The electric lighting of the premises is made from floor lighting boards located in the switchboard rooms on each floor. Shields are accepted by the IEK company.

The project provides for working lighting of all premises; emergency lighting of corridors, switchboards, floor switching units, control rooms, laboratories, control rooms, duty services, stairwells; repair lighting of switchboard, storey switching units.

Illumination standards are adopted according to SNiP 23-05-2010, SanPiN 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.1278-03 and are indicated on the plans. The calculation of lighting was made using the computer program "DIAluX".

To illuminate the building, luminescent lamps from the Lighting Technologies company and lamps with incandescent lamps from the IEK company are provided. The project provides for the installation of "Exit" light indicators with LEDs, with the possibility of autonomous power supply from the battery. Connect the "Exit" signs to the emergency lighting corridor group.

Lighting networks are made with VVGng LS-0.66 cable hidden behind a false ceiling, VVGng cable laid openly in Efapel cable channels in rooms without false ceilings. Lowering the cables to the switches is carried out in the cable channels with the cable VVGng-2x1.5mm, VVGng-3x1.5mm. The top of the lighting boards should be provided at a level of 2.2 m from the floor, switches should be provided at a level of 1 m from the floor.

All networks are three-wire (phase, zero working, zero protective). All exposed conductive parts of the luminaires must be connected to the neutral protective conductor.

A partial selection of sheets from the power supply project is at the end of the project description.

This building project includes:- internal electric lighting; - Power equipment; (ventilation, technological equipment) The design of electrical equipment was developed on the basis of the following tasks: - architectural and construction drawings; - technical assignments of departments of OV, VK, etc.; - technical specifications of the Customer. The power supply of the building with office premises and the parking lot is carried out from the city electrical network with a voltage of 380/220V with dead grounding of the neutrals of power transformers through VRU1 and VRU2. Type of grounding system TN-C-S. In accordance with SP 31-110-2003, electrical receivers belong to the second category in terms of the degree of reliability of power supply; fire alarm devices, control panels, elevator and emergency lighting - to the I-th category.

The input-distributing devices are of the VRU-8504MU type and are installed in the switchboard room, located on the 1st floor. Devices for general electricity metering are located on the input-distributing devices, individual meters - in floor panels. the following types of lighting are provided: - working; - security and evacuation lighting; - repair. Exit signs are installed along the evacuation routes, exit signs are installed in the parking lot at a height of 500 and 2000 mm from the level of the finished floor. Illumination values are taken in accordance with MGSN 2.06-99 and are indicated on the plans. Luminescent lamps are used in all rooms.

Electrical networks are made with a flame retardant cable with low smoke and gas emission with copper conductors of the VVGng-LS brand. Distribution networks are laid along the technical underground on trays, behind the false ceiling of the 1st floor on trays, risers in specially equipped niches. Group lighting networks are laid: - behind suspended ceilings on trays; - in rooms without hemmed ceilings in PVC pipes laid in the preparation of the floor above the underlying floor. Group networks of power electrical equipment are laid: - to sockets behind suspended ceilings on trays, drops in fireproof PVC pipes; - to electric motors - in fireproof PVC pipes laid in the preparation of the floor.

In accordance with the requirements of the PUE to shields are carried out by five-wire lines, group lines - by five-wire and three-wire.

To protect against electric shock, RCD-VAD2 is installed on the power boards on the lines to the sockets. To protect electrical networks, automatic switches are installed in the distribution panels VRU-8405MU and group shields. Height of installation of electroadjusting products from a floor: - switches - 900 mm; - socket outlets - 900 mm (except for technological sockets, the installation height of which is indicated on the plans). The cross-sections of the wires of the electrical network are selected according to the permissible current loads with a test for voltage loss. All metal non-current-carrying parts of electrical equipment, shield frames, housings of starting devices and metal housings of lamps must be grounded by connecting to the neutral protective conductor of the mains. Grounding should be carried out in accordance with the PUE sec. 1.7 and 7.1. At the input to the building, a potential equalization system is provided, which connects the following conductive parts: - protective neutral conductor "PE"; - both ASU buildings; - metal pipes of communications included in the building; - metal parts of the building frame; - metal sheaths of cables; - grounding device of the lightning protection system; - central heating and ventilation systems