Basics of floristry for beginners. Basics of composition in floristry. Law of proportions, golden ratio rule. The principle of forming a symmetrical composition

In ancient times, plants and flowers were endowed with magical, supernatural powers that influenced the destinies of people. Beautiful bouquets were used to decorate simple homes villagers and palaces of rich people.

Floristry is an art

(floristry) is a surprisingly exciting activity. It will appeal to subtle natures with exquisite taste and appreciating beauty. While doing this, you won’t have to be bored or sad. Learning how to make flower bouquets is not difficult if you have artistic taste. Live branches, leaves, fruits, etc. are used for work).

Anyone can learn how to make bouquets beautifully and correctly. This opinion is very common. In fact, success in creating unique compositions consists of 30% knowledge of the technology of working with plants and 70% artistic talent, love for living nature and a great desire to improve your skills every day. Based on this, we can safely say that arranging bouquets and floristry is an art in which each created work is a canvas of flowers, leaves and branches.

Floristry - the world of your fantasies

Like any art, arranging bouquets (floristry) has no strict limitations for the artist’s imagination. Compositions can be very diverse, and floristry styles are just options that are the basis for your creativity.

Making bouquets (floristry) of fresh flowers

The art of floristry involves creating compositions from living or dried plants (ikebana). But more often this style is used for long-term decoration of premises. Bouquets of fresh flowers are more popular.

In composition, it is important to learn how to combine correctly various varieties plants. For example, it will not look natural with an orchid. When composing a bouquet, you can use one simple technique from experienced florists - use plants that are at the moment are in different stages: buds, partially or fully opened flowers. Such a bouquet will delight you for a long time with its gradually blooming buds. Decorative greenery completes the composition.

in a bouquet

If you want to make a gift bouquet, then you should know about the meanings of some flowers. For example, calla lily symbolizes poise and beauty, lotus - happiness and good health, peony - wealth and glory, gladiolus - constancy. The shade of the flower also matters. A bouquet in dark pink tones means gratitude, white - innocence and purity, purple - friendship. When composing your composition, pay attention to the foliage. There should be no brown spots on it.

Bouquets for special occasions

There are many situations in our lives when, without beautiful bouquets can't get by. Personal celebrations, weddings, birthdays and anniversaries are those occasions when a flower arrangement will bring harmony and a certain charm to the interior of the room where the celebration is taking place. If we are talking about bouquets for decoration, then you need to choose their size correctly. The composition should fit into the interior and not disturb guests.

Floristry: arranging bouquets for beginners

To learn the art of floristry, you need to know its basic principles, styles, study methods of preparing material, master professional tools florist Everything else depends on the imagination and sense of style of the beginner. You must always be aware of floral fashion, that is, know which flowers are the most popular today.

Florist tools

In order to create the perfect bouquet, you will need:

Flower pruning shears;

Garden shears.

You need pruning shears to cut flowers with dense stems, a knife is used to remove leaves, and you can trim almost all plants. To secure plants in compositions, floral foam, or oasis, as professionals call it, is used. When working with artificial flowers, you can use regular foam.

Used vessels for bouquets and accessories

An amazing and exquisite hobby for people of different ages, men and women - floristry. Arranging bouquets, photos of which you see in our article, is impossible to imagine without the use of special accessories and vessels. These could be vases from various materials: crystal, metal, glass, plastic, wood. As accessories you can use ribbons, bells, candles (they are often used in Christmas compositions), beads, stones, etc.

Arranging bouquets (floristry) is an ancient and forever young art. Currently, this is one of the leading areas of aesthetics.

Floristry is one of the varieties of design and decorative and applied art, which is embodied in the creation of compositions, collages, bouquets, and panels. Flower arrangements are creative and technical work. Usually the designer's goal is to express a theme or idea, an event, using only flowers and leaves. Floristry for beginners involves creating simple natural compositions, bouquets and collages. Floristry can become a real hobby for lovers of something beautiful, because you can create masterpieces with your own hands. So where to start?

Basics of the art of floristry

First you need to decide on the materials. Each flower has its own meaning. Various natural materials are used for work, for example, flowers, herbs, leaves, berries, chestnuts, nuts, etc. The materials used can be either dry or live.

If you want to create a gift bouquet, remember that azalea means devotion, gladiolus - constancy, calla - beauty and poise, lotus - good health and happiness, orchid - beauty, peony - fame and wealth. In addition, each shade has its own meaning. Red flowers symbolize passion and love, dark pink – gratitude, white – purity and innocence, purple – friendship, yellow – joy and prosperity. IN lately floral etiquette is everything more attention. Therefore, by combining different flowers you can express feelings or gratitude.

When composing a flower arrangement it is very important appearance flowers. When choosing flowers, pay attention to the foliage. It should be green, without brown spots. The stems should look as if they were recently cut from the flower bed.

The main rule in floristry for beginners: more is not better. As a rule, experienced designers do not use more than three colors in their work. Bouquets with more than four types of flowers may seem crowded and too variegated, which spoils their appearance.

to contents

Classification into types of compositions

Florists identify 4 combination methods color range plants. The first is the use of similar colors, the second is a combination of contrasting colors located opposite each other, the third is a combination of different color wheels, the fourth is a combination of several shades of the same color.

Contrasting compositions look bright and unusual. To create such a bouquet you need to use “pure” colors. You can combine orange gerberas with blue irises to create an optimistic composition. For a romantic atmosphere, you should choose bed shades, choosing muted ones: blue colors in combination with soft pink or lilac with yellow-brown. When experimenting, try making a bouquet of flowers of a light shade and a dark one.

The bouquet may predominate specific color. As usual, florists use several flowers of similar shades for a harmonious combination. Such a bouquet can be composed in a transitional range of one tone. For example, for bright colors the background of the composition is made dimmer and darker, and for dark backgrounds it is made darker and brighter. When creating a composition, you cannot pay attention only to color. Try to choose natural material of suitable size and shape.

Composing flower arrangement you need to prepare the plants and store them correctly during the work process. Place flowers in water by cutting their stems at an angle. Remove all growth and foliage that is below the water level. To maintain the freshness of flowers, you can use floral foam, which prevents the growth of bacteria. Almost all cut flowers are best stored at a temperature of +5 degrees. Gladioli, orchids, anthuriums are well preserved at +10 degrees. You can “revive” some fading flowers, for example, a rose, by placing the plant in a bath of water for 2 hours.

to contents

Charming compositions of dried flowers

Compositions made from dried flowers look very beautiful. They are durable and require almost no further care. A bouquet of dried flowers can be made in decorative tree or vase. One of the most important stages when composing a bouquet, it means selecting the necessary flowers and drying them. You can choose tall roses and gladioli. Eucalyptus leaves, poppy flowers, yarrow, and dried fern leaves are suitable additions to the bouquet. As a rule, dried flowers are not very bright, so you can color the plants or use them as decoration additional elements, for example, peacock feathers.

The most popular composition of dried flowers is a regular bouquet. To create it you need dried flowers, a vase, decorative stones and filler. The bottom of the vase needs to be filled with floral foam. If you don’t have one, you can use a regular mounting room and fill it with cellophane, thereby preserving the walls of the vase. Trim the dried flower stems to the required length. You need to make a bouquet starting with the tallest flowers, which form the shape of the future composition. Rotate the vase, complementing it with natural materials, so that the bouquet looks harmonious from all sides. Stones should be added as desired. In a transparent vase, they will not only be a decoration, but will also make it more stable. The finished composition of dried flowers should be placed away from the window so that as little as possible gets in sun rays.

to contents

Tools for the future florist

If you are seriously interested in designing from floral materials, then you will probably need tools. Floral foam is needed to secure flowers in the composition. Using flower pins, you can secure ribbons and moss in the desired place. Floral tape is needed to give the stem additional stability. You can also use it to hide floral wire, which is the main element in many works. To cut the wire you will need wire cutters. Other tools can be found in the arsenal of every gardener and florist: garden shears, pruning shears, etc. Scissors and pruning shears must be sharp so that the cut is always smooth. This is especially important when working with wooden twigs and thick-stemmed flowers.

Experienced florists often use glue gun and sticks. Thanks to these devices, you can fix the foam in the vessel. The gun can be used to make compositions from dried flowers and artificial flowers.

to contents

Directions and styles of floristry

Europeans distinguish three areas of floristry: form-linear, vegetative and decorative. This classification was approved by Gregor Lersch and Daniel Ost. Peter Asman has cultivated 4 areas of floristry. In addition to the three styles listed above, there was one more - parallel. However, this direction was transferred to the category of arrangement of lines of plant materials. Currently, creative floristry is especially popular. This direction is characterized by originality of forms, sophistication and uniqueness.

Compositions made in a linear style are very easy to recognize. All plant materials are used rather sparingly. Any element is very important, just as the moment of using the space between materials is important. The peculiarity of the massive style is in its arrangement. These are volumetric forms with soft transitions. The florist creates the central part of the bouquet, and then gradually fills in the outlines of the arrangement. Compositions made in mixed style floristry is very diverse. They are far from established rules arrangements of linear, massive or massive-linear style. Most likely, they harmoniously combine all styles.

Floristry is a fascinating activity that will give you many pleasant moments. By making a composition from flowers, twigs and leaves, you become closer to nature. Studying floristry as an element of design can not only provide an opportunity to explore new opportunities, but even develop into a real profession.

3470

26.10.15 05:38

Flower bouquets are an important part of our everyday life. Ideally, every person should know the basics of floristry, because an incorrectly composed bouquet can offend the person for whom it is intended, and employees of modern flower salons do not inspire trust. Even if you forget about practical aspects question, what remains is the aesthetic pleasure that any person can experience in the process of working on a bouquet, creating an original decorative composition, or developing another unusual image.

This direction does not imply strict rules, everything rests on simple recommendations, the presence of artistic taste and the ability to creatively approach composition.

Basics of floristry that novice designers need to know

This type of art implies the ability to compose not only bouquets, but also collages, compositions, and flower panels.
During their work, florists use not only fresh flowers, but also herbs, branches, leaves, moss, nuts, fruits, and all kinds of fruits.
In addition to living material, preserved, dried and artificial parts are often used.
There is an unspoken rule among florists - not to use more than one strong-smelling plant in one bouquet. Mixing several rich aromas considered a lack of subtle taste.
The combination of components must be harmonious; craftsmen rarely use more than three primary colors.
A good master should know not only the basics of floristry, but also the rules of caring for plants. Bouquet of fading flowers and leaves in brown spots it looks unattractive, even if the palette is perfect. A composition is considered successful if its components look as if they were just cut from a bush.

The palette plays an important role in floral images. According to the type of color combination, four groups of compositions can be distinguished: analogue, contrast, tint, prefabricated. Analog bouquets are made up of elements of harmonizing colors. Contrasting - act on a combination of opposites. Shaded images are the most delicate, especially if you use pastel colors. Not every beginner will be able to create a composite composition; in it you need to collect colors from different parts color circle.

Bouquets can be built around one color or bright flower, but no less popular are options based on the uniform distribution of components. The images in which some plants are designed to shade others look interesting. At the same time, not a single element should lose its natural attractiveness.

The knowledge you need to have to create beautiful compositions

The basics of floristry include the language of flowers. Experienced designer will never include in his composition a plant whose significance is unknown to him. Many novice florists, based on aesthetic feelings rather than knowledge, boldly include hydrangeas in bouquets, without even realizing that these flowers symbolize indifference and coldness.
The shades used are no less important. It would seem, why not replace bright sunny flower its pale yellow counterpart? Such a gesture will lead to the fact that the bouquet, which could symbolize wealth and joy, will become a symbol of envy and deceit.
Combinations of plant type and color can also say a lot. Everyone's favorite orange lilies may be associated with joy and happiness, but in fact they are a signal of hatred and disgust.

Floristry is one of the types of applied art. It allows you to create masterpieces from natural materials. The result is collages, bouquets, panels, compositions. This art direction allows you to express your creativity and learn technical techniques. Only flowers and leaves are used in this work.

Beginning florists should try making simple arrangements in the form of bouquets. For a creative person, such a hobby can become a real passion. It is very easy to create unusual works from natural materials by following the lessons and advice of experienced florists. There are no identical flowers or leaves in nature, so the work always turns out to be unique.

Getting started with flowers

After watching the lesson on making bouquets, you immediately need to think about what to make it from.

Choose the right material

You can use both live and dry ingredients. Materials are divided into categories: exotic, field and others. There are plants that will universally fit into any bouquet. For example, Irises or Sunflowers.

I mainly use the following materials:

Some plants don't go well together. They tend to release substances into the water that poison other plants. It is customary to keep roses, carnations and lilies separately from others.

Gift bouquets have their own characteristics. Flowers have always had their own meaning. The colors also convey a certain message. Even the packaging matters.

Using too large quantity different flowers (more than 4 types) makes the composition heavy, cluttered or too rustic. A bouquet from a novice florist should be different from a selection of wildflowers.

Etiquette in floristry is increasingly developing. More and more attention is being paid to it. If flowers can convey the feelings of the giver, then the composition can have the meaning of a full-fledged postcard.

According to the canons of design in any field perfect combination- these are three primary colors. With regard to arranging bouquets, this rule also applies. The newcomer will demonstrate good taste, if she sticks to a modest color palette.

The quality of flowers, especially fresh ones, is very important factor. The arranged bouquet will look careless if there are spots on the leaves or the stem is limp. There are tricks to keep fresh flowers in good condition: store at a suitable temperature, cut the stems at an angle, clear them of leaves and shoots to the water level. The cut needs to be renewed sometimes - the flowers will last longer.

Bouquets of dried flowers have a number of advantages:

Durable.
Simple composition design.
No additional care required.
They stand without water in a vase or even in wooden blanks.
Additional coloring adds brightness and uniqueness to the bouquet.
Dark corners of the house are suitable so that the bouquet does not fade.

Select song

There are several basic compositions that will help beginners assemble bouquets of fresh and dried flowers very quickly and efficiently.

Usage similar flowers . This technique of making bouquets is the most popular among non-professionals. Peonies, irises, roses, lilacs, violets are easy to arrange.
The struggle and unity of opposites in contrasting compositions. They turn out to be one of the most spectacular and brightest. Using basic colors makes bouquets interesting. Making bouquets from fresh flowers will be especially simple and interesting for beginners. Contrast can be achieved through light and dark shades.
Combination of different colors one saturation. For this I use a tint circle. There are special computer programs, allowing you to see the colors combined with a particular shade. This helps artists and web designers work. A novice florist can train his sense of color thanks to them.
Combination of colors of the same color, But different shades. The bouquet looks like a gradient.

Composition is also affected by the shape and size of objects. They must be proportional to each other.

Tools for beginner florists

All these items are needed to get started. With experience, you can choose other devices.

Styles in the art of floristry

Formolinear style, characterized by a restrained amount of materials and shapes. The bouquet consists of only one flowers.

Massive style is an arrangement characterized by large shapes and soft lines. First, the main part of the bouquet is composed, and then all the voids are filled in to achieve smooth lines.

Creative floristry - non-standard forms are used and priority is given to the uniqueness of the product.

Mixed style is the combination of several styles into unusual compositions.

Bouquets for women are more streamlined and round, while bouquets for men are more elongated.

Spring bouquet: step-by-step instructions

Floristry master class for beginners in a few simple steps. Even a child can repeat the lesson on making this bouquet.

Prepare your tools. Trim pale pink peonies so that the stem is 45 cm long. Remove any leaves from the stem that will be in the water.
Choose the most big flower, add others of smaller size to it. They should be placed just below the main flower. Point the bouquet with the buds towards you to see how they are arranged.
The stems of the flowers should be at an angle of 45 degrees in relation to each other.
We fill the bouquet until it is the desired volume. Now you can secure it with floral tape. Close the fixation with a satin ribbon.
Align the stems so that the buds are at the same level. Wrap them in transparent packaging.

The bouquet is ready. Buds of pink peonies can be diluted with white ones.

Video master class

Floristry will allow you to make a unique gift for loved ones or decorate a celebration. Even a beginner can make a bouquet of flowers step by step by following the steps in the master class.

Making creative products from plants will be easy if you follow the techniques from the master class. It describes in detail the composition, creation of shape and selection of color shades.

The spiral technique of assembling a bouquet is used by florists all over the world, literally being the basic skill of this art. This composition looks more lush, neat and voluminous due to the advantageous arrangement of the stems, which gives space to each bud and does not allow them to overlap and press on each other.

This is a fairly simple but elegant method, and every novice florist and even those who have never made bouquets can master it.

Spiral bouquet: weaving technique

To work within the framework of this technique, it is necessary to choose flowers that have straight and unbreakable stems. Roses, chrysanthemums, carnations, etc. are suitable. You need to work with tulips more carefully, choosing those that have straight, non-curved legs. Roses have thorns and lower leaves, if they exist, they must be removed. The spiral bouquet design is simple and starts with a central flower that serves as the starting point for the entire arrangement. It should be tall enough and have an even, dense stem. The others will gather around him in a circle.

Spiral bouquet: master class

The process will be described for a right-handed person. In this case, the bouquet is held in the left hand, and new elements are added with the right. For left-handers, the distribution of hands will accordingly be different.

To work you will need:

pruner;
scissors,
plants prepared for weaving;
twine (floral tape).

Before you start working with the selected plants, “rehearse” on twigs, twigs or Chinese sticks to acquire the desired skill.

Place in left hand the central flower at 2/3 of the total length, holding it on the ring and middle fingers.

We take the second plant right hand and place it at a slight slope on the nameless and index fingers left. The direction is always counterclockwise!
The third element rests on the middle and index fingers of the left hand and is held with the thumb.
We draw the fourth stem under the ring finger between the index and middle fingers.

We continue in a circle in the same order. It is better to work in front of a mirror to be able to control the result. When the flower is at the front of the bouquet, it should be tilted to the left. WITH reverse side- to the right. Each subsequent element rests slightly diagonally on the previous one, forming a spiral composition.

We tie the finished bouquet in the narrowest place with a rope or floral tape for secure fixation.
We straighten the flower heads and carefully trim the bottom of the stems with pruning shears at the same level. Try to make oblique cuts between the buds - this will prolong the life of the plants.

The higher the bundle is made, the denser the flower cap will be. Low binding will give a visually more voluminous, lush bouquet.

If the stems of the plants are very thin or you just want to get a more lush and voluminous bouquet, you can lay more greenery between the stems of the flowers.

For a special occasion

If the bouquet is intended for the bride or for another occasion when it does not have to stand quietly in a vase from the very beginning (transportation, presentation, carrying in hands, etc.), additional fixation will be required. For this, there is a special floral glue, thanks to which the structure will not fall apart even when riding a motorcycle on a country road. Apply the same glue to the cuts on the stems. This will allow moisture to be retained, and the bouquet will live without water for a longer time.

Doesn't have to be a circle!

A bouquet assembled in a spiral pattern does not necessarily have to have a classic shape. If you master this technique well, you can lay out, for example, a heart. In this case, the design is created without a central, apical flower. If you make the interception low, the flower cap will take the shape of a circle. It can be either hollow inside or “filled”. To make a heart, you will need fairly hard wire.

It needs to be braided around the stems at the base of the buds, and then bent into the shape of a heart. You can place a gift in the center of such a composition. But it should be borne in mind that it should be very light - for example, Raffaello candies.