Main types of sewing machines. Lesson topic: Information about industrial sewing machines
When you enter a fabric store, your eyes widen from the abundance of beauty. Here you can find delicate guipure, exquisite crepe de Chine, frivolous chintz, and formal drape. It seems that I would buy everything and sew myself clothes that you couldn’t buy in any fashion boutique. And, inspired by such thoughts, you promise yourself to definitely buy a good sewing machine.
And here the first and main question arises: how to choose a sewing machine? After all, you need to buy one so that it becomes a real assistant, so that it can realize any creative fantasies. There are whole rows of different machines on the shelves in stores, how to choose the right sewing machine among such a variety?
First, let's decide what we primarily want from a machine. What tasks does it face and how proficient are you in the art of cutting and sewing?
Types of sewing machines
There are three types of sewing machines: mechanical, electromechanical and computer-controlled machines. Let's look at all these types in more detail.
Mechanical sewing machines
Nowadays you will only find these in thrift stores or antique stores. But, nevertheless, even on hand- or foot-powered Singers produced in the 19th and 20th centuries, it is still quite possible to sew. And if you inherited such a machine from your grandmother, try sewing on it first. This will introduce you to the basic operating principle of a sewing machine.
A mechanical machine can only make straight stitches, so don’t expect much more from it.
Electromechanical sewing machines
These machines are designed in the same way as mechanical ones, but they already have an electric drive, which is driven by one press of the pedal. They can overcast hems, sew on buttons, embroider, and make a variety of seams. The choice of seam on such a machine is determined by a special wheel on the control panel.
The most popular manufacturers of electromechanical machines include Bernina, Brother, Minerva, Juki, Janome, Family, Pfaf, Singer and some others.
Perhaps choosing an electromechanical sewing machine is the most suitable option both for beginners and more experienced craftsmen.
Sewing machines with program control
If you want something more from a machine, if you need not only an assistant, but also an adviser, and you are not limited in funds, then you should look towards electronic sewing machines.
Each of them is a small computer with a microprocessor equipped with a convenient display. The number of functions and operations of such machines is impressive; for example, the choice of seams for some models can exceed a hundred! On computer-controlled machines you can not only sew, but also embroider (satin stitch and cross stitch). Moreover, if you write a sequence of elements into the memory of such a machine, they will embroider such complex patterns that it is almost impossible to embroider by hand.
The electronic machine will always give you advice on which stitch to choose for a particular fabric, it will determine the puncture force depending on the density of the material, and will warn you about a mistake made.
Electronic machines include models such as, for example, Minerva, Bernina Bernette-2092C, Brother NX-200, etc.
Sewing machines with program control are quite expensive and difficult to repair, so you will have to strictly follow the operating instructions. But, if you still decide to make such a purchase, then go for it! After all, with such a machine you can create real masterpieces.
What are the criteria for choosing a sewing machine?
Housing and parts material
When purchasing a sewing machine, you need to focus on the materials from which the machine parts are made. Almost everything in economy class cars internal parts made of plastic, which itself is quite fragile and may not withstand excessive load. Therefore, be sure to check with sales consultants what material the main parts are made of; it is better if they are metal.
Puncture force
Be sure to look at the power of the machine, because it determines the strength of the puncture. Not all sewing machines are designed to sew thick fabrics, such as denim. Economy-class machines are designed mainly for sewing products from light and medium-thick fabrics, so check whether the machine has restrictions on the density of the fabric. Some models have automatic control of this parameter.
Sewing speed
Everything here is like in a car: the harder you press the pedal, the faster the machine sews. However, if you are just learning, do not chase speed, because, as they say, the quieter you go, the further you will go. Speed is for experienced craftswomen.
Foot pressure on fabric
This parameter can be adjusted both manually and automatically. If you are going to work with thick materials, make sure that the presser foot can be raised high enough.
Shuttle type
Few beginning seamstresses know that modern sewing machines have two types of shuttle: vertical (installed on all mechanical and inexpensive electromechanical models) and horizontal (installed on more expensive, professional models).
Vertical shuttle
Horizontal shuttle
Machines with a vertical shuttle are much noisier than machines with a horizontal shuttle. In addition, the bobbin in such machines is inserted into a metal shuttle, which is then inserted into the machine. In this regard, the seamstress does not have the opportunity to see the number of threads on the bobbin. In a machine with a horizontal shuttle, the shuttle is located directly in the machine itself, and the bobbin lies in front of you behind a transparent plastic cover, which allows you to control the number of threads wound on it.
If you have the means, it is better to buy a machine with a horizontal shuttle.
Types of stitches
Many models of electromechanical sewing machines include a large number of different seams (for example, blind stitch, imitation overlock, elastic stitches, decorative stitches, etc.). Practice shows that even professional seamstresses rarely use all types of stitches, so beginner seamstresses only need additional stitches such as overcasting, zigzag and buttonhole stitching.
Loop “automatic” or “semi-automatic”
Sewing machines differ in the way they sew buttonholes. In cheap versions of sewing machines, loops are sewn in a semi-automatic mode. This is done in 4 steps and does not require turning the fabric: after completing each side of the loop, you need to switch the program to the next side, etc.
In professional sewing machines, loops are sewn automatically. To sew a buttonhole, you need to install the appropriate foot, which comes standard with the machine, and use it to measure the button itself. The machine will do the rest itself!
Equipment
Pay attention to what comes with the machine. As a rule, it includes replacement needles and paws, but it is impossible to put all possible paws in one set - there are too many of them. Therefore, as needed, you can purchase them in the appropriate stores.
Sewing machine models by manufacturer
There are countless models of sewing machines, and each master will advise you something different. But there are several well-deserved brands that I would like to dwell on in a little more detail.
Minerva
Sewing Minerva cars assembled in factories in Taiwan, Vietnam and China. Thanks to the fact that production lines have been established for a long time, the quality of the sewing equipment produced is factory, located at high level. The cost of a Minerva sewing machine depends on the functions included in it and the number of operations performed. That is, everyone can choose a machine with the optimal set of parameters that they need, taking into account their financial capabilities.
Cost: from 18,000 rub.
Manufacturer: Minerva
Description: The Minerva M832B machine makes 32 stitches for all occasions and a semi-automatic buttonhole. In addition to working stitches, the machine has elastic stitches for knitted fabrics, many decorative stitches and scallop embroidery, overlock stitches, and blind hem. Pleasant and a lot important feature for craftswomen it will be possible to adjust the width and pitch of stitches. The machine with its variety of stitches is just a godsend for quilting lovers. You can change the presser foot on the machine in one click. The machine is also equipped with indispensable functions - automatic threading and a thread cutter. Along with the backlight work surface this will protect your eyes from unnecessary strain.
The range of Minerva sewing equipment is quite wide: electromechanical and computerized (program-controlled) sewing machines, overlockers and carpetlockers, needle punching and cover stitching machines.
Below is a description of the computerized sewing machine:
Minerva DecorExpert
Cost: from 63,000 rub.
Manufacturer: Minerva
Description: The Minerva DecorExpert set has 197 types of stitches, including decorative stitches (36), quilting stitches (16), working stitches (15), satin stitches (11), cross stitches (9), overlock stitches (4). Performs 7 types of buttonhole stitches and eyelet stitches automatically. 97 alphabet characters, including letters, numbers and punctuation symbols, will allow you to create a variety of monograms, and the memory of the sewing machine will allow you to save them in memory for future use. A modern horizontal shuttle will make work quiet and allow you to quickly and easily replace the bobbin.
Brother
A Japanese company with a long history. The machines of this company are always high-tech, among them there are many models for beginners and professional seamstresses.
Brother Prestige 300
Cost: from 6000 rub.
Manufacturer: Brother
Description: The Prestige 300 is ideal for basic sewing operations in clothing production and repair. This reliable machine has a wide range of functions that make work easier, including switching the position of the conveyor rack and adjusting the stitch width and stitch length, cover.
Even the cheapest models of sewing machines include a fairly large number of operations, such as straight stitch, knit stitch, blind stitch, elastic stitch, etc. Buttonholes are sewn in semi-automatic or automatic mode, depending on the selected model.
Brother Universal 25
Cost: from 7000 rub.
Manufacturer: Brother
Description: The Brother Universal 25 is a compact and easy-to-use electromechanical sewing machine. The presence of functions such as buttonhole making and a needle threader greatly simplifies the operation of the machine. Wide selection stitches allows you to process knitted and other elastic fabrics.
The machines have a removable arm platform and illumination of the working surface.
Janome
Over its almost century-long history, the Japanese company Janome has earned an excellent reputation. Large number buyers of Janome sewing machines from Russia.
Among the presented models of sewing machines there are those that are ideal for beginning seamstresses. For example, the Janome Jem model has a minimal sleeve extension, which makes it easy to process both children's items and clothes for dolls.
Janome Sewist 521/SE518
Cost: from 8300 rub.
Manufacturer: Janome
Description: Janome Sewist 521/SE518 is an electromechanical sewing machine that is highly functional and easy to use. The sewing machine is suitable for both beginners and more experienced users. The semi-automatic loop function in one step will save time on simple operations. Sewist 521/SE518 allows you to work with different types of fabrics. You can also adjust the length and width of the thread, and the built-in needle threader will greatly speed up your work.
Depending on the model, the machines have a vertical or horizontal shuttle device, all basic operations and additional decorative stitches are available, the package includes several presser feet, needles, and a soft case.
Cost: from 6400 rub.
Manufacturer: Janome
Description: An easy to use sewing machine, ideal for beginners. Works well with different types of fabrics.
Toyota
Toyota sewing machines made in Japan are equipped with a traditional set of functions necessary for sewing and repairing clothes: thread tension adjustment, buttonhole balance adjustment, automatic bobbin winding, reverse, etc. The machines have a removable sleeve and a soft case is included.
Cost: from 9500 rub.
Manufacturer: Toyota
Description: Toyota JB 01 is a household sewing machine with an oscillating hook. The optimal set of operations of this model will allow you to both sew and repair clothes at home. This model performs 13 operations.
Each model has one or another distinctive features, advantages and limitations in functionality. Both a novice craftswoman and a professional seamstress will definitely choose a sewing machine that will satisfy her needs.
Cost: from 13,800 rub.
Manufacturer: Toyota
Description: Simple and easy to use, the Toyota JetB 224 sewing machine is ideal for both beginners and more experienced users. Toyota JetB 224 works with various types of fabrics.
In some models, for example, TOYOTA 714 RU, the internal frame is completely metal, which speaks in favor of the reliability and durability of the sewing machine.
Singer
The country of origin of Singer sewing machines is Brazil. Singer machines combine an optimal set of operations, reliability and ease of use. With these sewing machines, you can sew on buttons and sew buttonholes in semi-automatic or automatic mode.
Singer Tradition 2273
Cost: from 13,700 rub.
Manufacturer: Singer
Description: The Singer Tradition 2273 Electromechanical Sewing Machine is perfect for both beginners and advanced users, allowing you to sew and repair clothes at home. You can choose from 23 sewing operations, which will easily turn any routine work into a creative process. Automatic buttonhole sewing and a built-in needle threader will save your time and make operating the machine easier.
If you don’t want to overpay for additional functionality, feel free to choose sewing machines Singer cars! In addition, if you are used to sewing on a mechanical sewing machine of the same name, then it will not be difficult for you to thread this machine, especially if it also has a vertical shuttle type.
Singer Promise 1408
Cost: from 5000 rub.
Manufacturer: Singer
Description: The Singer Promise 1408 electromechanical sewing machine is perfect for beginners because it is simple and easy to use. It will serve you well in everyday life when repairing and sewing clothes. It performs 8 different operations.
Juki
Japanese quality - and that says it all. Moreover, Juki has a long history and started with mechanical machines. This is a kind of Japanese Singer.
Sewing machine Juki HZL 27 Z
All machines from this company are designed both for belting and for sewing finished products. Depending on the specific model, the shuttle is vertical or horizontal. Most machines can handle both delicate and thick fabrics. In addition to basic stitches, many models are equipped with additional decorative stitches.
Bernina
Swiss machines are easy to use and very high quality. They are characterized by smooth adjustment of stitch length and stitch width, as well as an extended sleeve platform, which will allow you to easily alter and restore clothes. Making loops is semi-automatic or automatic, depending on the model. The machines are silent and allow you to easily switch from one operation to another.
Sewing machine Bernina Bernette 80e
In some models, for example Bernina Bernette 12, the flywheel is built into the body, which protects it from damage.
Family
Family sewing machines are characterized by a division into 3 main lines: Silver Line, Gold Line, Platinum Line, each of which presents models that meet the needs of beginners and professionals.
Sewing machine Family Silver Line 3022s
The presence of a sleeve platform, compartments for accessories, smooth adjustment of the length and width of seams, an automatic needle threader, reverse, electronic display (in expensive models) and many other functions makes it easier to work with the machine and gives you pleasure when working with it.
Pfaff
Pfaff sewing machines began to be produced in Germany, the first of which appeared in 1862 in Munich. These machines are an order of magnitude more expensive than those listed above, especially for professional models. The cost depends on the individual functions of the models presented.
For example, the PFAFF 1132 sewing machine does not require lubrication, which will save you from worrying about oil drops on the fabric, and it is also almost silent.
Sewing machine PFAFF 1132
The PFAFF Select 3.0 sewing machine is characterized by a high lifting height of the presser foot, which makes it easy to sew thick fabrics or fabrics in several layers, the stitching is uniform due to the electronic puncture force stabilizer.
The PFAFF Select 2.0 sewing machine is equipped with a convenient, ultra-thin Free Arm cuff and pant leg sewing device.
I would like to say that you should not choose the cheapest sewing machine, it will not last you long, because in economy-class machines, manufacturers skimp on the quality of parts. It’s better to save some money and choose a sewing machine that will be your friend and helper for many years. Of course, provided that you follow the instructions for use and care for your pet properly!
If you have questions that you could not find an answer to, ask them in the comments or on the forum in the topic
We all know the image of an old “Zinger” or “Podolsk” sewing machine. How far have sewing machines come today? appearance and the possibilities from “grandmother’s” old lockstitch machine! This is both pleasing and frightening. And what a variety of models! Deciding to new purchase, we have to rack our brains pretty hard.
Everything has already been invented: the needle was invented a long time ago, all machines are based on the same operating principle, which has not yet been canceled. And as a result of many years of work, manufacturing companies reached the same heights, only they followed different paths. This is what differentiates sewing machines today.
We are used to comparing: “Let old car It was heavy, but so reliable! And how she did a straight line! Modern people can’t do that.” This is the wrong approach. Yes, we lost in one single operation, but we gained incomparably more!
General characteristics of modern sewing machines
Before you compare cars, you need to find out what unites them. What can every car do today, regardless of the manufacturer? We are not talking about manual or foot mechanical machines. We will only consider cars with electric drive. So, today all cars have a light plastic or lightweight metal body. This makes them no less reliable, since, as a rule, there is a frame inside. Chassis parts are metal.
Modern cars are much more powerful than their predecessors. Many people are sometimes surprised by how such a fragile machine can easily sew several layers of thick fabric or even leather. This is true. Perhaps this is one of the main requirements for a car today.
The sewing speed has also increased noticeably: it can be adjusted by the force of pressing the pedal or set by special modes. Without exception, all machines have a free arm platform for processing trousers, cuffs or other narrow parts. Threading the upper thread has been greatly simplified.
Any machine can make at least five seams, including special elastic seams for knitwear and seams that imitate overlock. Some models have several types. Each machine comes with a basic set of feet, which further expands the machine's capabilities.
Distinctive features of modern sewing machines
Each manufacturing company has the right to be proud of its special achievements in this area. It would be wrong to call them advantages, but rather features, some zest that can surprise us and distinguish one from the other.
Many of the firms have retained the traditional vertical shuttle design, while others use a horizontal shuttle. The bobbin is simply inserted from above, which makes threading the bobbin easier and prevents it from breaking or tangling.
Some companies offer special devices for automatically threading the upper thread, and winding the bobbin can now be done through a needle; there are also those in which the needle is automatically turned off. To facilitate the advancement of fabric, a special device was invented - a double feed conveyor.
Some build it into the machine, others produce it in the form of an additional foot used in certain cases. There are machines in which you do not need to pull the bottom thread up - the machine will do this itself at the first stitch.
Some machines have knee lift and even automatic presser foot lift. To support beginners, designers from one of the companies came up with a so-called “sewing advisor” located on the machine body: it determines the necessary settings for basic sewing operations for various types of fabric. The manufacturing technology is so advanced that some machines not only do not require lubrication, but are even contraindicated.
Manufacturers pay special attention to the loop. Nowadays you won’t find a machine where you have to unroll the fabric manually when sewing a buttonhole. The buttonhole can be processed in several steps, switching between reverse and tack; in other machines you can set the size of the buttonhole. There are also models where you just need to set the size of the button, and the machine will automatically make a buttonhole for it.
Now you have at your disposal several types of loops in one machine, including a loop with an eye, and in some models even more than one. The equipment of the machines is also different: with and without an additional table to increase the working surface, in a hard and soft case.
All these technological subtleties They make sewing much easier, and the result is closer to professional, which, of course, we can’t help but like. But in addition to the special achievements of a particular manufacturer, machines differ in classes of excellence. The higher the class of the machine, the more complex it is, the easier it is to work on it.
Difference between sewing machines by class
There are three main classes of sewing machines: machines with mechanical selection of seams (so-called electromechanical machines), computerized machines (with a built-in computer board) and computerized sewing and embroidery machines. They differ in the way the machine is controlled, the complexity of the design, their functionality and, as a result, the price.
Electromechanical machines - the most inexpensive and uncomplicated cars. Everything here is very simple: all the seams that the machine can make are applied to the front panel. By turning the wheel you select a seam, set necessary adjustments(stitch length and width, thread tension) and sew.
There are a lot of improvements even in such a simple machine. You will find all the tips on the body of the machine; threading the upper and lower threads has long been simplified; instructions are needed only in difficult cases.
Many companies have equipped machines of this class with built-in electronics that provide maximum needle piercing force at low speed.
In cars of this class large selection both functional and decorative seams. If we take into account all the above characteristics that distinguish a modern car from its prototype, these cars are not as simple as they might seem at first. Let's add to what has been said that this particular class of cars is especially popular and widely represented in Russia.
Such a machine will be an indispensable assistant in any home: it can do all the most basic things, and its simplicity of execution will attract even a novice sewing enthusiast.
Computerized machines,
Having absorbed all the best from electromechanical machines, machines of this class are more functional. The built-in computer board allows you to control the machine by simply pressing a button.
In addition to the usual working stitches, such machines have a wide variety of decorative and finishing stitches with embroidery elements. You can combine them and create your own compositions that will decorate your clothes. The memory cells of such machines are quite large: 30-60 characters each, the machine remembers your programs and reproduces them on demand.
Cars of this class already have the alphabet and numbers. As a rule, several types of loops are performed automatically. The machine itself monitors the adjustments and provides recommendations for settings on the information display.
Many women (especially the older generation) are scared by the word “computer”. You should not be afraid of new products: it is the computer that makes it easier to control the car, which turns out not to be more difficult work on the calculator.
Thanks to the built-in computer board, the machine itself “thinks” for you: which needle is best to install for the fabric and the selected seam, what stitch length will be optimal. Machines of this class have been on our market for more than five years, and every year the demand for them is growing, because these are machines for creativity and professional sewing.
Sewing and embroidery computer machines
- These are high-quality sewing machines equipped with an embroidery unit. In addition to professional sewing, they offer automatic hoop embroidery.
There are only a few cars of this class in the world. Naturally, every serious company strives to present its own model in this class of machines, and some even more than one.
The sewing capabilities of such machines are practically unlimited: more than 500 working and decorative operations, about 10 types of buttonholes, automatic adjustment of the tension of the upper and lower threads, several types of alphabets and numbers, needle operation in more than 20 directions, many setup and preparation processes are automated .
Working on such a machine is surprisingly simple and comfortable: everything in it is thought out to the smallest detail. When you get to know a machine of this level in more detail, you will be pleasantly surprised by many more subtleties that turn sewing into a real pleasure. The main advantage of these machines is that they can automatically embroider with satin stitch, cross stitch, hemstitch, cutwork, and quilting.
Thematically selected drawings make up a large album that you receive upon purchase. From here you will be able to order the designs you like in the future and expand your home library of embroidery cards. Each company has its own embroidery designs. All of them can be made with different coverings. Designers are constantly working to increase the size of the embroidery area.
The embroidery capabilities of machines are not limited to this. Using personal computer, You can create compositions from existing designs, and also come up with your own subjects for embroidery.
To do this, you need to purchase additional software. In some developments, the computer can be directly connected to the machine, in other cases it is possible to connect through a special storage device.
This is very convenient, as you can create a design on your work computer and do the embroidery at home in the evening. The machine will easily fulfill any fantasy.
Overlockers
for those who value high-quality seam processing. An overlocker is a very useful addition to a sewing machine. 2/3/4/5 thread overlockers sew, overcast and trim fabric at the same time.
In some cases, a serger can do a better job than a sewing machine.
This type of machine is very widely represented on the market. Models are constantly updated and improved. High-end overlockers are becoming more and more like sewing machines: they can have a free sleeve and can be computerized.
The introduction of electronics into the design has significantly expanded the capabilities of the overlocker: many adjustments are now automatic, and those that need to be done by yourself will be “prompted” by the machine on the information display.
The material supply differential will make it easier to work with knitwear. A wide selection of additional legs will allow you to perform invisible hems, sew on braids, beads, create folds and ruffles. All overlockers have one thing in common: they are all assembled in Asian countries.
Getting to know manufacturing companies
All companies can be divided into two groups: European ones that have retained their production in their homeland (Pfaff, Husqvarna and Bernina), and companies whose factories are located in countries with cheap labor (Brother, Janome, Jaguar, etc.).
To be completely objective, it should be noted that inexpensive electromechanical class machines Pfaff and Bernina are also assembled in Taiwan, and only Husqvarna is represented on the Russian market with Swedish-assembled machines of any class.
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Stands apart Singer, which we associate with the old German brand. But this has not been the case for a long time. Even initially it was American company, which has its own branch in Germany. And now it is a huge transnational concern, under whose brand it produces household appliances, furniture, sewing and knitting machines. Singer brand cars are assembled in Taiwan, Brazil, China and even in Russia at the Podolsk plant. The production of cars under the Singer brand accounts for almost half of all cars produced in the world. To this day, Singer produces manual and foot machines without electric drive, which are included in this number. |
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German company Pfaff has been producing its machines for over 100 years, is one of the leaders in the global sewing machine market and is very popular in Russia. The company is famous for the production of industrial sewing and embroidery machines, which was successfully used in the development of household machines. |
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Swedish company Husqvarna can compete with this brand. This company with a 300-year history has been producing sewing machines since 1879. Before the revolution, the Russian market was one of the largest, so Husqvarna, like Singer, was successfully represented there. For the first time after the break, Husqvarna appeared a little later than Pfaff, but very quickly conquered the market, surprising with its comfort and elegance of its models. |
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Another world leader in sewing machines is Swiss Bernina, a company with more than 100 years of history. For a long time hesitant to go out Russian market, today Bernina is actively asserting its position, filling it with high-quality machines. The machines of these three companies can be said to be competitive on the same level: here there is German integrity and order, Swedish thoroughness and reliability, Swiss precision and loyalty to tradition. These cars are prestigious and expensive, but traditionally reliable and durable. |
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Brother And Janome - younger competitors of these reputable companies, but very quickly gaining strength and rapidly conquering the sewing machine market. Janome is the largest manufacturer with three large factories in Taiwan, Japan and Thailand, producing cars under its original brand, and also assembling cars for European companies. He has more than 250 models to his credit. |
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Japanese Brother– a serious competitor even for European manufacturers. Producing both industrial sewing and embroidery machines and household ones, Brother is very widely represented on the market today and is a sales leader. |
When characterizing the machines of these companies, it should be noted their progressive approach to updating models, especially electromechanical machines. Manufacturers are dynamically expanding their range, focusing on consumer demand, big flow production is reflected in affordable prices. The machines of these companies are very popular in Russia and, perhaps, lead in sales of all sewing machines.
In addition to geographical differences in product production, these two groups differ fundamentally in sales policies. In Russia, only Pfaff, Husqvarna and Singer have official representative offices that control the machine service network and work to create the company’s image and support its reputation.
Agree, this is a serious and responsible approach. Consumers of cars from such companies are more protected; in difficult cases, they can always contact the representative office. Sales of cars from other companies are carried out through official distributors. In their work they already act on their own behalf.
The second fundamental difference relates directly to the production of machines. Brother, Janome and Singer emphasize a wide range of models, low prices, a large number of operations in each individual model, and the comparative simplicity of the machines. A narrower range of models with higher quality, perfected machines of any class.
Buying a car
When choosing a car, focus on your needs and, of course, your financial capabilities.
When demonstrating the machine, familiarize yourself with the features of the model and the basic skills of operating the machine. Ask the seller to check the loop and the main seams (two or three are enough). You can grab pieces of your fabric or knitwear from home and test the machine on them. When operating the machine, pay attention to the chassis: there should be no obvious extraneous noise or strong vibration.
Ask the seller about the rules for operating the machine. Very often, their violation leads to poor-quality sewing or malfunction of the machine. Don't expect the impossible from her - you can't achieve it good result when setting the stitch length to 6 mm or more thin fabric or the function of an invisible hem on the skin. Follow the sewing technology - and then the machine will do everything flawlessly.
Types of sewing machines and their technical specifications future specialists study in detail clothing production. For the household level, knowledge of the features, purpose and differences various types sewing machines, especially industrial machines, are not needed, except for general erudition. However, knowledge of the differences and purposes of the main types of sewing machines may be useful to you when purchasing one in a store. Knowing the characteristics of household sewing machines and their purpose will save you from making the wrong step and will help you buy exactly the model of sewing machine that you need based on your financial capabilities and production needs.
If you are going to buy a sewing machine for your home or sewing equipment for a small studio, then this article will help you make your choice.
See also Reviews from the master about sewing machines , Types of Sewing Machines , How to choose a sewing machine and other articles on the site.
Outdated types of sewing machines
Sewing machines that perform not only one straight stitch, but also a zigzag stitch include almost all models of modern sewing machines. Full zigzag machines are the second most important type of sewing machine, a prime example of which is the Chaika sewing machine.
It cannot be said that Chaika-type sewing machines are very outdated, but nevertheless they are much inferior in terms of operating comfort, stitch quality and even appearance modern models sewing machines. Nevertheless, many people use such machines and sometimes it is justified. Firstly, they almost never break (but they constantly require adjustment). Secondly, spare parts for it can be found inexpensively at flea markets or through advertisements.
But still, if you have to get a sewing machine, and you don’t know which type to choose, opt for a regular sewing machine with any name, almost all of them are assembled in China anyway. For example, Chinese sewing machine Dragonfly 218. The main thing to pay attention to is the method of sewing the buttonhole and the presence of additional sewing feet. You can appreciate both only over time, not immediately. And if you can buy additional paws, the method of processing the loop cannot be changed.
By the way, inexpensive economy-class sewing machines are usually equipped with a swinging vertical hook, but sometimes there are models with a horizontal rotating hook, and very rarely with a double-fitting vertical hook.
Cm. Vertical Rotating Sewing Hook , Types of sewing hook etc.
Electronically controlled sewing machines
What main feature expensive types sewing machines that scare away buyers due to price? The fact is that it is crammed with electronics equal to exactly 2/3 of the cost of this machine, and, of course, the level of assembly technology and production of parts is somewhat higher. Otherwise, this is an ordinary full zigzag sewing machine, on the basis of which, and with the help of electronics, hundreds of different types of stitches are performed.
So sewing machines controlled by electronics probably do not need to be classified as another type of sewing machine, unlike, for example, an overlocker or a carpetlocker.
Cm. The main advantages of an electronic machine.
Brother Computerized Sewing Machine.
By the way, the shuttle device of electronic sewing machines is usually horizontal type, very convenient and quiet in operation, but requires careful handling. Vertical shuttles rotating in a circle are also often found, used in industrial lockstitch machines.
This carpet is really absolutely new look sewing machines, capable of simultaneously overcasting fabrics and even grinding. However, the carpet will surprise you not only with its capabilities, but also with its price, so not everyone can buy it. Well, whoever can and doesn’t know which carpet to choose, read the article Which carpet to buy. It describes the operation of this technique, its features and some comparative characteristics.
Comparative characteristics of sewing machines
Comparative characteristics of sewing machines can only be made within the same type (class) of machines. And a description of their characteristics and features can take several hundred pages. Therefore, it is better to briefly and clearly explain that the most important feature of sewing machines is the type of shuttle.
The second most important factor is considered method of making a loop(manual, semi-automatic, automatic) as well as the ability to sweep eye loops.
For those who sew a lot and often important factor When choosing a sewing machine, there will be a large number of feet and accessories included. They are quite expensive, and not all fit this model.
Cm. Purpose of Janome sewing feet.
Well, only at the end can you study all types of stitches for this model of sewing machine and pay attention to the design and appearance.
How much does an old used car, produced in the USSR, cost? At what price can you buy or sell it? What brands are they and how do they differ from each other and from modern cars.
If you are going to buy sewing machine Astralux, then this article will help you learn more about Astralux machines.
In fact, any, even the simplest sewing machine can help you create a masterpiece. In the end, the era of great couturiers came in the second half of XIX- the beginning of the 20th century, when sewing machines had just come into use and were quite simple. Neither about computer control nor about electric drive there was no question, but it was in those times that such great masters as Charles Worth, Elsa Schiaparelli and Coco Chanel lived and worked.
At the same time, it is foolish to deny that a good and correctly selected sewing machine significantly saves the time, effort and nerves of the master. How to do it right choice, not to get lost in a huge number of companies and models, choose from the list of functions what you need, and not pay extra?
Let's try to figure it out. First, decide exactly what you need the machine for. Do you just want to have it at hand so that you can shorten too long trousers yourself without having to run to the tailor every time, sew up a jacket torn by a child and cut a new curtain, and you are unlikely to aim for anything more? Maybe you have a desire to sew carnival costumes for children - or are you ready to take a closer look at your wardrobe? If you are going to sew, then what? Summer dresses made of light fabrics, or coats and harsh jeans? Or maybe you are mainly focused on knitwear? Once you have decided, you can begin to select the optimal model for your purposes.
Let us define the points on which a choice must be made. Firstly, this is the manufacturer, secondly, the type of sewing machine, and thirdly, the necessary set of functions that will determine the specific model. Let's start with the first one.
⇡ Manufacturer
Here, as in any other field, there are market leaders and little-known companies.
The most famous are Minerva, Bernina, Janome, Pfaff, Brother, Singer, Husqvarna. The choice among leading manufacturers is largely determined by personal preferences, the availability in the store of a selection of the machines themselves and additional accessories for them. You should also take into account the availability of service centers in your place of residence - with a high mileage of the machine, this factor begins to play a significant role.
With less well-known companies, everything is not so clear. Often, with the same set of functions, a machine from an unknown company costs significantly less. But, in addition to the obvious risk of getting worse quality, here you may stumble upon another pitfall: difficulties in purchasing additional legs and components. Little-known companies often have very exotic foot mounts or bobbin sizes. Therefore, if you still decide to save money, be sure to find out which accessories are suitable for this model, and whether you will be able to purchase them without unnecessary hassle and overpayments.
⇡ Types of sewing machines
All sewing machines are divided into industrial and household. Usually a household one can do a lot of things at once, and an industrial one can do one thing - but it can do this one thing very well and for days, years, kilometers - without breaking down. At least that's the idea.
However, industrial machines are unlikely to interest you, unless you intend to open a small sewing enterprise - they are very expensive, bulky and noisy in operation - so in this material we will concentrate on household ones. Household machines are divided into:
- electromechanical,
- computer,
- sewing and embroidery
- embroidery,
- overlockers,
- cover,
- carpetlocks.
What does this all mean, and which category should you choose?
1. Electromechanical sewing machines- the simplest of all. The entire internal filling of such a machine is mechanics, that is, levers, shafts and gears. Only the motor that drives it all is electric.
- 32 types of stitches
- semi-automatic loop
- vertical shuttle
- stitch length 4 mm
- stitch width 5 mm
The undoubted advantages of this type are reliability, low price, inexpensive repair in case of breakdown. Conventional electromechanical machines are inferior to computer ones in speed and number of functions, since technological features the designs do not allow for stitches of complex shapes, but are perfect for beginner seamstresses, or those who want to have a reliable assistant for small household needs. However, a coat, jeans, and a ball gown are quite capable of a good and properly adjusted electromechanical machine. The approximate price category of such machines is 3-5 thousand rubles. Simple, affordable, reliable.
2. Computer sewing machines They are distinguished by the presence of a computer board, which provides general management of the process, which allows this type of machine to carry out rather intricate stitch programs. The movement of the needle relative to the fabric is controlled by a microprocessor. What a particular model can do depends on the amount of memory and the number of programs of this machine “brain”.
- 197 types of operations
- automatic loop
- horizontal shuttle
- stitch length 4.5 mm
- stitch width 7 mm
Their starting price is approximately two to three times higher than the price of electromechanical ones. At first glance, it seems like an undoubted advantage huge amount types of stitching These include 15 types of different loops, and chains of different flowers and leaves, and a dozen overlock stitches, and knitted seams. But take a closer look at this list and think about which ones will you personally actually use? It turns out that you don’t need some of it at all, and some of it is just numerous duplicates of the same thing with minor deviations.
Personally, I regularly use six or seven of the 56 stitches I have in my machine, and use two more from time to time. However, one cannot help but notice that this already greatly expands my capabilities in comparison with working on an electromechanical sewing machine. So don’t be tempted by the excess of functions - it’s not at all a fact that you will need all of them. Or rather, the fact is that you are unlikely to ever try many of them.
Several types of overlock stitches, a knitted stitch, a triple reinforced stitch, a knitted loop and a loop with an eye will be useful in your work - in addition to the regular loop, of course. The rest of the features are up to you, just don’t let the variety go to your head. It's a shame to pay extra money for something you will never use.
The undoubted advantage of a well-functioning computer machine is the speed and accuracy of its work. If your plans include kilometers of frills and sewing to order for 8 hours a day, a computer machine will significantly save you time and give you additional features for creativity. A buttonhole with an eye is, of course, a small thing, but this little thing affects the entire look of the coat.
The disadvantages are the high price, capriciousness in setting up, and repairs, if anything happens, more expensive.
3. Sewing and embroidery machines. Everything is simple here, unlike industrial embroidery machines, which can, in fact, only embroider; such combines often combine two functions.
In my personal opinion, budget versions of sewing and embroidery machines combine these functions very poorly. They are too capricious compared to regular sewing machines, and compared to full-fledged embroidery machines, they are too limited in embroidery capabilities. And more expensive models They are also scared by the price. Therefore, I recommend considering this class of machines exclusively as embroidery machines and purchasing them based on these purposes.
Also, don’t think that if you buy an embroidery machine for 100-300 thousand, you will immediately create a masterpiece. Embroidery on a sewing machine is also an art that needs to be learned. In courses or independently, using books or online lessons. In general, working with it is somewhat reminiscent of working in Photoshop. You can go to a specialized website, type in motifs drawn by someone there, quickly read the instructions and glue them together as best you can, adding stars and hearts with a stamp. But if you look at the masterpieces created by professionals, it becomes clear that this is not even a third of the capabilities of this tool.
So, think carefully about whether you need this, and to be honest, in most cases it is much easier and incomparably cheaper to order embroidery from a workshop that already has serious equipment and good master. Outsourcing is everything to us. Personally, this is what I usually do.
4. Cover sewing machines. They are - flat stitch machines.
Designed to make an elastic flat seam used to close the hem edge of a knitted product. This whole complex word construction refers to that seam that you can see on the hem and sleeves of almost any T-shirt.
Among household machines, flat stitches can be made by two types: flat stitch machines and carpet lockers. A regular stitch looks the same on both the front and back sides, as the top thread is wrapped around the bottom thread (bobbin) and tightened. A flat or chain stitch looks different. It is obtained by simultaneous operation of two or more needles and loopers.
This type of sewing machine is designed to work with elastic “stretch” fabrics. If your main goal is T-shirts, swimsuits and tracksuits, this is your choice. Price category from 10-15 thousand.
5. Overlock is a machine with one or two needles, equipped with a trimming mechanism and designed for overcasting sections of a wide variety of sewing products. When choosing an overlocker, you should first of all focus on ease of threading and sewing. We should also not forget about the possibility of stitching different quantities threads Most overlockers perform 3- and 4-thread overcasting, suitable for most types of fabrics, and rolled edge overcasting. On higher-end overlockers there is a 2-thread overlock designed for the finest fabrics - such as silk or chiffon - as well as for decorative finishing.
In principle, overlocking functions are also available in computer sewing machines. But a seam made with a real overlocker is much more accurate and reliable. In addition, the overlocker is equipped with knives that themselves cut off the excess allowance, leveling the edge, which significantly saves time. In general, if you sew regularly and the free space allows you to place two units, an overlocker will be a very useful acquisition, but if not, you can do without it. In any case, it does not replace a sewing machine, but only complements it. It is not intended for assembling product parts. The price for overlockers starts from 6 - 7 thousand, for 10 you can buy a quite decent model.
6. Coverlock is a relatively new invention that many are not particularly familiar with. Pfaff marketers came up with this name for their range of such machines and patented it, after which it firmly came into use. It combines the word "overlock" and English term coverstitch, that is, a “covering” or “closing” stitch. This machine can perform both overcasting of garments, and flat seams and straight chain stitch, that is, it combines an overlock and a flat stitch machine. The price for carpet locks is quite high and starts from 25-30 thousand.
Like a cover sewing machine, a carpet locker is designed to work with knitwear. The design also assumes the presence of several (from 2 to 10) upper threads and loopers, with the help of which you can create various, sometimes very complex seams, indistinguishable from industrial ones.
What to choose for working with knitwear - a carpet locker or a pair of overlockers plus a cover stitching machine? On the one hand - at the carpet lock more loopers, which allows you to make more complex seams; it alone takes a lot less space, and its high price is quite comparable to the total cost of a cover stitcher and an overlocker. On the other hand, when processing a garment, you may first need an overlock, then a flat seam, again an overlock, again a flat seam, and so on every five minutes.
In the case of two machines, this will not present any difficulty, and each time the carpet lock will have to be reconfigured from a flat seam to an overcast or overcast stitch and back. And this is a rather long and painstaking process, which even with skill takes several minutes. It’s up to you to decide what’s more convenient.
⇡ Model capabilities
This question is most acute when choosing a specific model of a computer sewing machine. It is with this type of machine that the number of lines often exceeds two hundred and causes ripples in the eyes and dizziness. You don’t need to start your choice with the number of lines. There are more important parameters, which should be decided upon first.
1. The type of fabrics the machine is designed to work with. There are machines for working with any type of fabric; there are models designed for light and medium, or vice versa, for medium and heavy fabrics. If you definitely know that your main area of activity will be, for example, dance dresses made of silk and chiffon, take a machine for light fabrics, it will work with them better than a universal one. If your choice is a coat and jeans, consider models for medium and heavy fabrics. Usually they have a larger gap between the foot and the needle plate, which allows you to put a thicker layer of fabric under the foot, and a more powerful motor that can sew this layer.
2. Maximum length stitch (sometimes up to 5 mm) and maximum zigzag width (up to 7 mm). The larger these parameters are, the better: it expands the field of possibilities.
3. Shuttle type: the shuttle can be vertical, with a removable bobbin case, as well as horizontal, where there is no bobbin case. The second option is more modern and reliable - it has fewer parts that can break.
4. The loop can be automatic or semi-automatic. “Full” automatic machine allows you to perform up to 7 different types loops, in one operation sweep out a loop exactly to the size of the button, remember the size and repeat a loop of identical size the number of times you need.
Automatic buttonhole foot
Semi-automatic buttonholes are usually performed by simpler models. Here you determine the size, guided by the markings on the foot, the loop is sewn in 4 consecutive operations. It’s not difficult and it’s not that long, but if you multiply it by 10, 20, 30 buttons per suit, the difference is quite significant.
Foot for semi-automatic buttonhole
5. Optional, but very convenient features are a built-in needle threader, the ability to sew with a double needle, a needle positioning button and a spot fastening button. If you are going to sew a lot, you should pay attention to the possibility of working without a pedal and external speed adjustment; this greatly saves your leg, which after four to five hours of continuous pressing the pedal begins to complain, and besides, the pedals fail faster than the machines themselves, and they do this, as a rule, at the most inopportune moment.
⇡ Additional accessories
The capabilities of the basic machine you purchased are far from the limit. Accessories play a huge role in the quality of the result and the speed of achieving it. The fact is that for a high-quality result it is very important to choose the right foot, needle and thread for each fabric and operation. The table for the ratio of the thickness of needles and threads is in the instructions for the sewing machine - and here you are unlikely to go wrong.
But in addition, there are special needles for difficult fabrics - for example, they will be needed for working with leather, denim, stretch fabrics and jersey. Various sharpening the tip allows them to work most accurately with the material for which they are intended. Very often situations arise when a novice seamstress scolds the machine for skipping stitches or other seam defects, but the problem is just wrong choice needles.
There is also a huge variety of paws. On one of the largest Russian-language forums dedicated to needlework, the topic about various paws occupies more than 200 pages and is regularly updated. At the same time, only the bare minimum is included in the basic package. And this is where the initial choice of the machine begins to play a role - your capabilities may ultimately be limited by how easily you can purchase additional legs.
5. Foot for sewing, beads and sequins.
And hundreds more types of paws, attachments and devices designed to do what previously could only be done by hand. Make your work easier and turn sewing into a fun process.
⇡ Total
Of course, this is not all that can be said about sewing machines. Despite the apparent similarity, each model may have nuances and subtleties that will make it most suitable, or, conversely, unacceptable, for you personally. Convenience of threading, location of buttons and control levers, sound during operation, appearance of the light bulb and more, and more, and more.
Ideally, you should go to the showroom of a large store and sit different models, thread the threads, sew a test stitch, trying out how it will be and whether it will be comfortable for you. If this is not possible, or you are sorely short of time for this, wait for the next releases. I will do this for you and share my impressions in as much detail as I can.
