Comparative table on the biology of insects. General characteristics of the class Insects (Insecta). With incomplete transformation
Insect with complete transformation (with metamorphosis) goes through four stages in its development: egg - larva - pupa - adult insect (adult).
Pay attention!
Orders of insects with complete metamorphosis: butterflies (lepidoptera), beetles (coleoptera), diptera, hymenoptera, fleas.
Most insect species are characterized by development with complete transformation. In insects with complete metamorphosis (butterflies, beetles, flies, wasps, ants), the larvae do not look like adults at all. They lack compound eyes (there are only simple eyes, or organs of vision are completely absent), antennae are often absent, there are no wings; the body is most often worm-like (for example, butterfly caterpillars).
In insects with complete metamorphosis, the larvae often live in completely different places and feed on different food than adult insects. This eliminates competition between different stages of the same species.
Insect larvae with complete transformation molt several times, grow and, having reached limit sizes, turn into chrysalis. The pupa is usually immobile. An adult insect emerges from the pupa.
Watch a video that demonstrates the release of the Monarch Butterfly from the chrysalis.
Order Butterflies, or Lepidoptera
Butterflies differ from other insects mainly in two ways: scaly cover of wings and sucking mouthparts coiled up.
Butterflies are called Lepidoptera because they have small chitinous cells on their wings. scales. They refract the incident light, creating a bizarre play of shades.
The coloration of butterflies' wings helps them to recognize each other, camouflages them in the grass and on the bark of trees, or warns enemies that the butterfly is inedible.
The mouthparts of butterflies sucking- this is a proboscis rolled into a spiral. Butterflies feed on the nectar of flowers.
Butterfly larvae (caterpillars) have a gnawing mouth apparatus, they feed on plant tissues (most often).
When pupating, the caterpillars of some butterflies secrete silk threads. The silk thread is secreted by a special silk-separating gland located on the lower lip of the caterpillar.
Detachment Beetles, or Coleoptera
Representatives of this group have dense hard elytra covering the second pair of leathery wings with which they fly. The oral apparatus is gnawing.
Among the beetles there are many herbivores, there are predators and scavengers.
Beetles live in the ground-air environment (on plants, the surface of the earth, in the soil) and in water.
Beetle larvae can be very mobile predators, living openly, and inactive, similar to worms, living in shelters and feeding on plants, fungi, and sometimes decaying remains of organisms.
Order Diptera
These insects have only one pair of wings. The second pair is greatly reduced and serves to stabilize the flight. This group includes mosquitoes and flies. They have piercing-sucking or licking mouthparts. Some dipterans feed on pollen and nectar of flowers (syrphid flies), there are predators (ktyrs) and bloodsuckers (mosquitoes, midges, midges, horseflies). Their larvae live in the decaying remains of cesspools, composts (houseflies), in water (mosquitoes and midges) or lead a vagrant lifestyle and prey on small insects.
Order Hymenoptera
The group includes such well-known insects as bumblebees, wasps, bees, ants, sawflies, riders. They have two pairs of membranous wings (some do not have wings).
Insects are a class of arthropod invertebrates. According to the current classification, they, along with centipedes, are included in the tracheal breathing subtype. The name of the class comes from the word "cut". From the French "insecte" and the Latin "insectum" the concept is literally translated as "an animal with notches." Consider these representatives of the fauna in more detail. At the end of the article, a table "Insect Squads" will be presented.
General information
On the body of insects there is a chitinized cuticle. It forms an ecoskeleton. The structure of insects is quite simple. It has three sections: head, abdomen and thorax. Considering the structure of insects, three pairs of legs are distinguished. They are attached to the thoracic region. In many groups, a pair of wings is attached to its second and third segments. Body size varies from 0.2 mm to 30 cm or more.
Life cycle
It includes the embryonic development of insects. It is called the "egg phase". There is also a post-embryonic period. It is accompanied by metamorphosis. It is of two types. Depending on this, detachments of insects with incomplete transformation are distinguished. They go through egg, larva and adult phases. Completed metamorphosis is characterized by four stages. In this case, the development of insects includes the phases of eggs, larvae, pupa and adults. In the first, the larvae have an external resemblance to adults. The difference between them is the size of the body, the embryonic state or the complete absence of wings and genitals. The larvae of animals passing through four phases are worm-shaped. Only in adults do all the necessary signs of the detachment appear. At the imago stage, resettlement and reproduction occurs. The insect class includes a wide variety of creatures. In total, over a million species have been described. They are considered in nature and occupy all kinds of ecological zones. They are found everywhere, even in Antarctica.
Metamorphosis
bedbugs
The Insect Orders table includes a variety of crop pests in this category. One of the well-known is the turtle bug. It sucks the contents of the grain from cereal plants. In residential areas, you can find a flea bug. This insect creates a lot of inconvenience for humans. The water strider bug lives in fresh water bodies. It feeds on insects that fall into the water. There are also predators among the bugs, for example, the bug-gladun. It attacks fish fry and various invertebrates. All members of this group are called hemipterans.
Other categories
Homoptera insects prefer to feed on plant juices. In this category, for example, include aphids. It exists in nature in the most different types and causes significant damage to crops. Homoptera insects are considered carriers of viral diseases that are dangerous to plants. For example, among them there are various cicadas that can reach large sizes(up to 5-6 cm). The order Orthoptera includes mainly herbivorous insects. However, predators can also be found among them. For example, representatives such as cabbage, locust are quite well known. The grasshopper is also included in the order of Orthoptera. It lives in the grass, in the steppes and in the meadows. It has a club-shaped, long ovipositor. Kapustyanka swims and flies well, has burrowing legs. It causes great damage to the underground parts of plants that grow in the garden (cucumbers, potatoes, carrots, cabbage, etc.). For some species of locust, mass reproduction is characteristic. In such cases, they, gathering in huge flocks, fly away to long distance(up to several thousand kilometers). At the same time, they destroy all cultivated plants along the way. Grandmother's squad includes predatory insects. Their names are quite interesting. For example, the grandmother-rocker, the grandmother-watcher and others. They are considered the best flyers. They are very manoeuvrable. They can hover in the air, show exceptional mobility, develop high (up to 100 km / h) speed. They attack their prey in mid-flight.
beetles
These are beetle-winged insects. They are considered the largest community of all. Their number reaches 300 thousand species. Beetles live in the most different conditions fresh water and land. Their body sizes vary from 0.3 to 155 mm. Many beetle insects cause great harm cultures. In the world, for example, the Colorado potato beetle is known. It was brought to Russia from America. The buzzard beetle damages crops. The beet weevil causes damage to sugar beets. May beetle larvae damage potato tubers and tree roots. The bark beetle is also known. He grinds moves in and bark, damages valuable breeds. Many members of the detachment cause harm to food supplies. For example, these are the pea weevil, the kozheed beetle, the bread grinder beetle. The squad also includes a tube-roller. In spring, this beetle cuts the leaf to the main vein in a special way. Part of the plate fades and loses its elasticity. The beetle rolls it up and lays eggs there. So he takes care of the offspring. There are also beneficial insects among the beetles. The names of these species are gloomy. For example, coffin beetles and gnoeviki. Many individuals are very beautiful in appearance and can reach impressive sizes. Such, for example, are the stag beetle and stag beetle, which are listed in the Red Book.
A group of diverse species
Hymenoptera insects are bees, riders, wasps, bumblebees, sawflies and others. All these animals lead different lifestyles. Some representatives are herbivores. Their larvae cause significant damage to cereals and other plants. Such, for example, are pine and grain sawflies. Their larvae are very similar in appearance to butterfly larvae. In this regard, they are often referred to as false caterpillars. Sawflies have a very specific ovipositor. It is designed for cutting pockets in plant tissues into which females lay eggs.
bumblebees
They are very good pollinators. These hymenoptera insects are considered social. Their families only exist for one summer. They arrange their nests in hollows, nests, birdhouses. The female is in charge of the construction. She equips wax cells for laying eggs. Each of them contains a supply of food - flower pollen mixed with honey. The larvae that appear eat the stock, after 2-3 weeks they begin to weave cocoons and turn into pupae. Worker bumblebees, males and females, come out of them. By the end of the season, up to 500 individuals can be in a large nest. By autumn, the old queen, working bumblebees and males die. Young females hide for the winter.
bees
They bring the most great benefit of all social hymenoptera insects. Honey bees are considered excellent pollinators. They produce very useful products for humans: honey, royal jelly, wax, propolis. They are used for food, they are in demand in cosmetology, medicine, in the manufacture of perfumes, paints, varnishes, and so on. In a bee family, all members closely interact with each other. Prosperity of the genus is impossible without drones and uterus, working individuals.
mosquitoes
These are two-winged insects. There are ordinary and malarial mosquitoes. Their distinctive feature is the presence of one transparent pair of wings. The second pair turned into "halteres". The habitat of a simple mosquito is a damp, swampy area. They become especially numerous by the middle of summer. The oral apparatus is equipped with a stabbing proboscis. They use it to pierce the skin and suck out the blood. Mosquito larvae are worm-shaped. They live in stagnant water. There they develop, feed, gradually turning into pupae. They, in turn, also remain in stagnant water. However, since they cannot eat, they soon become adults. Common and malarial mosquitoes differ in landing. The first holds the body parallel to the surface on which it sits. The malarial mosquito lifts its hindquarters high.
flies
They are also two-winged insects. They, unlike mosquitoes, have short antennae. Their larvae are white, usually headless and legless. They are worm-shaped. Larvae house fly live and develop in sewage, manure heaps, kitchen waste. Here the female lays her eggs. Before pupation, the larvae crawl out of the waste, penetrate the soil, where they turn into pupae. Adults fly around looking for food. From cesspools, they fly to food products, carrying microbes and pathogens of dangerous gastrointestinal diseases.
Other groups
There are in nature lacewings, a relatively small group in terms of numbers. It has about 6 thousand species. Such insects have an elongated body with soft covers. Their color is brown or pale green. Two pairs of their wings are covered with a network of veins. This group includes representatives such as antlions, lacewings, mantips. Most of the lacewings are predators. They first appeared in the Permian period. The subsequent formation of the group took place under the influence of geological and climate change mesozoic. The dragonfly insect is considered a very good flyer. These animals have a relatively large body. Their head is mobile, it has large eyes. The dragonfly insect lives mainly in the humid subtropics and tropics. In the Russian Federation, it is distributed almost throughout the entire territory (except for arid areas).
Scheme
Representatives | Features of nutrition, life |
||
Orthoptera | Medvedki, grasshoppers, crickets | incomplete transformation | Medvedki are herbivores, crickets are omnivores, grasshoppers are predators. |
Hemiptera | incomplete transformation | ||
Lepidoptera | Complete transformation | Adults feed on plant nectar, caterpillars feed on leaves. |
|
dragonflies | Rocker, love, beauty | incomplete transformation | |
Coleoptera | Complete transformation | Predators and herbivores. The food of some species is dead animals. |
|
Hymenoptera | Ants, bees, bumblebees, wasps | Complete transformation | Ants are predators, bumblebees, wasps, bees are pollinators. |
Diptera | Flies, horseflies, mosquitoes | Complete transformation | Flies - pollinators, predators, bloodsuckers, mosquitoes, horseflies - bloodsuckers. |
cockroaches | Red, black cockroach | No transformation | They feed on the remains of human food, in nature - the remains of plants. |
natural enemies
The insect class has two subclasses: primary wingless And winged.
TO subclass primary wingless include insects whose ancestors never had wings (sugar silverfish, springtails, etc.). Silverfish lives in sheds, closets. cellars. It feeds on decaying substances, harmless to humans. IN flower pots with immoderate watering, wingless insects often appear - springtails. They feed on decayed plants or their lower plants. A reliable fight against them is a decrease in watering.
Subclass of winged subdivided into insects incomplete transformation and insects from complete transformation.
The distribution of species by orders is carried out taking into account such features as the nature of development, structural features of the wings, and the structure of the mouth apparatus. The main features of some orders of insects are presented below.
| Detachments | Type of development | Number of pairs of wings | oral apparatus | Feature of the development of the wings | Some representatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| cockroach | With incomplete transformation | Two pairs | gnawing | elytra | Red and black cockroaches |
| termites | With incomplete transformation | Two pairs | gnawing | Mesh | Termite |
| Orthoptera | With incomplete transformation | Two pairs | gnawing | elytra | Locusts, grasshoppers, crickets |
| Lice | With incomplete transformation | no wings | piercing-sucking | Wingless | Head louse, body louse |
| bedbugs | Louse | Two pairs | piercing-sucking | elytra | Bug-turtle, bug-gladun, bug-water strider |
| Homoptera | With incomplete transformation | Two pairs | piercing-sucking | Mesh | cicadas |
| grandmother | With incomplete transformation | Two pairs | gnawing | Mesh | Grandmother-dozorets, grandmother-rocker |
| Beetles, or Coleoptera | With complete transformation | Two pairs | gnawing | Elytra hard | Maybug, Colorado potato beetle, gravedigger beetle, bark beetle |
| Butterflies, or Lepidoptera | With complete transformation | Two pairs | Sucking | Mesh with scales | White cabbage, hawthorn, silkworm |
| Hymenoptera | With complete transformation | Two pairs | Gnawing, lacquering | Mesh | Bees, bumblebees, wasps, ants |
| Diptera | With complete transformation | 1 pair | prickly-sucking | Mesh | Mosquitoes, flies, gadflies, midges |
| Fleas | With complete transformation | No | prickly-sucking | Wingless | Human flea, rat flea |
Insects with incomplete metamorphosis
The most common are: cockroach squad- a typical representative - red cockroach. The appearance of cockroaches in dwellings is a sign of carelessness. They come out of their hiding places at night and feed on carelessly stored food, polluting it. Female cockroaches wear a brown egg "suitcase" at the end of their abdomen - ooteku. They throw it in the trash. Eggs develop in it, from which larvae are born - small white cockroaches that look like adults. Then the cockroaches turn black, molt several times and gradually turn into adult cockroaches.
Order of termites- this includes social insects living in large families in which there is a division of labor: workers, soldiers, males and females (queens). Termite nests - termite mounds, can be of considerable size. So, in the African savannas, the height of termite mounds reaches 10-12 m, and the diameter of their underground part is 60 m. Termites feed mainly on wood, they can damage wooden buildings and agricultural plants. About 2,500 species of termites are known.
Order Orthoptera Most members of the order are herbivorous, but there are also predators. These include grasshoppers, cabbage, locust. The green grasshopper lives in the grass in the meadows, in the steppes. It has a long club-shaped ovipositor. Kapustyanka - has burrowing legs, flies and swims well. Causes great damage to underground parts garden plants, for example, cucumbers, carrots, cabbage, potatoes, etc. Some species of locust are prone to mass reproduction, then they gather in huge flocks and fly a considerable distance (up to several thousand kilometers), destroying all green vegetation in their path.
Detachment of bedbugs- this includes known pests of agricultural crops - bug-turtle, sucking out the contents of the grains of cereal plants. Found in dwellings flea bug- a very unpleasant insect for humans. A water strider bug lives in fresh water bodies or on their surface, feeding on insects falling into the water. Predatory bed bug attacks various invertebrates and fish fry.
Detachment Homoptera- all its representatives feed on plant juices. many kinds aphids cause great harm cultivated plants. Many Homoptera are carriers of plant viral diseases. This includes various cicadas, whose sizes are from a few millimeters to 5-6 cm. They live in the crowns of trees.
Granny Squad- exclusive predatory insects. Adults attack prey in flight. The best flyers. Their flight is highly maneuverable: they can hover in the air, be mobile and can reach speeds of up to 100 km per hour. These include headstock-yoke, grandmother watcher and etc.
Insects with full metamorphosis
Squad beetles, or Coleoptera, is the most numerous order of insects, up to 300,000 species. Beetles are distributed in a wide variety of conditions on land and fresh water. Their sizes range from 0.3 to 155 mm in length. Many beetles cause great damage to cultivated plants. One of the pests of potatoes and other plants is Colorado beetle brought to us from America. beetle- a pest of cereals; Chafer- its larvae damage tree roots and potato tubers; beet weevil- strikes sugar beet. In addition, this includes bark beetles, turning passages in the bark and bast fibers of valuable tree species, and the larvae goldfish and i live in dead wood, causing great damage to timber industry.
Many beetles spoil stocks food products: pea weevil, beetle grindstone, leather beetle damaging leather, wool products. Also belongs to the order of beetles small beetle tube-roller. The biology of these beetles is very interesting. In the spring, the pipe worker cuts the sheet in a special way to the main vein. The incised part of the leaf withers and loses its elasticity. Then the beetle rolls up the bag and lays eggs there. Something like a cigar is formed. This is how a pipe worker expresses concern for offspring.
Some beetles feed on the remains of plants and animals and perform the role of orderlies in nature, for example: gnoe beetles And coffins. Some can be used to fight harmful insects. So, ladybug destroys aphids, and large green paint beetles- caterpillars.
Beetles are extremely beautiful, large sizes, for example stag beetle, or stag, listed in the Red Book, reaches a length of up to 8 cm, its larvae develop in rotten stumps for about five years and grow up to 14 cm long. Beetles of various sizes and in the way of feeding live in reservoirs - a swimming beetle, and a black water lover. The swimming beetle is a predator, the black water-lover is a herbivore.
Butterfly Squad, or Lepidoptera, - representatives of this detachment are distinguished by a variety of colors of their wings. These include hives, cabbage butterfly, silkworm and others. Among the species living on Far East, there are very large night butterflies, which in the wingspan correspond to the width of an unfolded notebook. Butterfly wings are covered with modified hairs - scales that have the ability to refract light. The iridescent color of the wings of many butterflies depends on this phenomenon. Butterfly larvae are called caterpillars. They have a gnawing apparatus, a long body. Their salivary glands, in addition to saliva, also secrete silk threads, from which a cocoon is woven before pupation. Adult butterflies are very good plant pollinators. The caterpillars of most butterflies are herbivorous, eating the leaves of plants, causing significant harm, for example, cabbage white, apple moth, golden tail, ringed silkworm, etc. The room moth caterpillar feeds on woolen products, damaging them, some caterpillars spoil flour and other food products.
Mulberry and oak silkworms- they have been bred for a long time by a person in order to obtain silk (from cocoons). Many large butterflies are extraordinarily beautiful, for example swallowtail, Apollo etc. A large butterfly is very interesting nocturnal peacock eye, on the wings of which there are eye spots. Its caterpillar is large, fleshy, green in color, weaves a cocoon the size of a chicken egg before pupation.
Large night butterflies with acute-angled wings, characterized by very fast flight - hawk moths, - so named because they willingly feed on the fermented and odorous sap of trees, especially birch, acting on wounds and stumps.
Order Hymenoptera- combines a variety of insects: bees, bumblebees, os, riders, sawflies and others. The way of life of these insects is diverse. Some of them are herbivorous, as their larvae (very similar to caterpillars) cause great damage to cereals and other plants, for example bread and pine sawflies. The leaf-eating larvae of the sawfly acquire similarities with butterfly caterpillars to such an extent that they are called false caterpillars. A striking adaptation is the sawfly ovipositor, which serves to cut out pockets in plant tissues, in which female sawflies hide their eggs, thereby showing original care for their offspring.
Excellent plant pollinators are bumblebees. This is a social insect. The family of bumblebees exists only for one summer. Nests are built in mouse holes, hollows, squirrel nests, in birdhouses. The nest is built by the female, equipping wax cells in it for laying eggs. A supply of food is placed in the cell - a mixture of pollen with honey. The larvae that emerge from the egg eat food and, after two or three weeks, weave silk cocoons, turning into pupae. Working bumblebees, females and males are hatched from pupae. By the end of summer, there are up to 500 bumblebees in large nests. In autumn, the old queen, males and workers die, and the young queens hide for the winter.
Lifestyle os looks like a bumblebee. They also exist for one summer. Wasps are beneficial by destroying harmful insects, and the damage from spoiling fruits by them is small. More damage from hornets(one of the types of swarm wasps): they gnaw at the bark of young trees and eat bees. Having settled near the apiary, they destroy thousands of bees over the summer.
Of the social insects of the order Hymenoptera, it is of great benefit honey bee. She is also a wonderful pollinator of plants, and produces exclusively useful product food - honey, as well as wax, royal jelly, widely used by man in perfumery. medicine, for the manufacture of varnishes, paints, etc.
The bee colony is an amazingly complex whole in which all members of the colony are very closely related to each other. The life and prosperity of the whole genus is equally impossible without a queen and without drones, without worker bees. Using knowledge about the life of all members of the bee family, beekeepers have learned to create specialized houses for bees - hives, conditions for feeding bees (taken to those fields where honey plants are grown) and receive not only honey good quality but also the quantity.
Members of the order Hymenoptera are used as biological method pest control. These include various riders, as well as a trichogram, which is derived artificially
Order Diptera. These include all known insects: flies, mosquitoes, midges, gadflies, horseflies and other insects similar to them, possessing one pair of transparent wings. The second pair of wings turned into the so-called halteres. The common mosquito lives in marshy and damp areas. Mosquitoes are especially numerous in the middle of summer. The inhabitants of the taiga and tundra call them clusters vile. With their piercing mouthparts, mosquitoes easily pierce human skin and suck his blood. Worm-like larvae of mosquitoes live in stagnant water. Feeding, the larvae grow, molt and turn into mobile pupae. Mosquito pupae also live in water, they cannot eat, so they soon turn into an adult.
Malarial and common mosquitoes are distinguished by landing.
Common mosquito (peeper) keeps his body parallel to the surface on which he sits, and malarial- at an angle to it, raising the rear end of the body high. The malarial mosquito lays its eggs one by one in a pond, the common one - in packs floating on the surface in the form of rafts. Mushroom mosquito larvae live in the fruit bodies of cap mushrooms.
flies unlike mosquitoes. have short antennae. Their larvae are white, usually legless and headless. In houseflies, worm-like larvae live and develop in kitchen waste, in heaps of manure and sewage, where the fly lays its eggs. Before pupation, the larvae crawl out of the sewage, penetrate the soil and turn into pupae.
Adult flies hatched from pupae fly everywhere in search of food. From latrines and cesspools, they fly to openly lying food and contaminate them. Flies carry bacteria of gastrointestinal diseases and roundworm eggs to human food. Therefore, it is very important to fight flies. Food products are protected from flies with gauze or caps, vegetables and fruits are washed before use.
Midges- long-whiskered bloodsuckers small sizes, whose larvae develop at the bottom of water bodies with running water. In the tropics and subtropics, in the Crimea, very small mosquitoes are found - mosquitoes. Their larvae develop in moist soils, rodent burrows, etc. Mosquitoes are carriers of many diseases (malaria, etc.). We have a "Hessian fly" that destroys cereal plants.
Gadflies, horseflies cause great harm to humans and domestic animals with their bites, as well as the ability to carry pathogens of such dangerous diseases as tularemia, anthrax.
However, flies are pollinators of many plants.
rat flea can transmit plague pathogens from sick rodents - a very dangerous disease that once claimed thousands of human lives.
1. What are the features of the external structure and internal organization of insects?
Insects are the most diverse class of arthropods. Despite a large number of species, some common features of the external structure can be distinguished:
The body consists of three sections: head, chest and abdomen; covered with chitinous cover;
There is one pair of antennae on the head; all head segments fused;
The chest always consists of three segments: anterior, middle, and metathorax;
Three pairs of walking legs (attached respectively to each segment of the chest);
Compound eyes (faceted) located on the sides of the head;
Most have wings (on the second and third segments of the thoracic region);
The abdomen is segmented; the number of segments varies between species.
2. How many sections does the body of insects consist of?
The structure of insects. The body of adult insects, like all arthropods, is covered with a chitinous cover that acts as an external skeleton, and is divided into a head, chest and abdomen, which distinguishes them from other arthropods. The segments of the head are fused into a common mass, the segments of the thorax and abdomen are more or less clearly distinguishable. The head and chest bear limbs, the abdomen sometimes retains only underdeveloped limbs, i.e., their rudiments.
3. How are the limbs of insects arranged?
The limbs of insects are a system of levers movably connected to each other with a large number of degrees of freedom, i.e., capable of various and precise movements. Most of all, the running legs (beetles, cockroaches), the most common among insects, correspond to the described type. In animals capable of jumping, such as grasshoppers, the femur and tibia of the hind pair of legs are strongly extended. In burrowing insects - the bear - all legs, and especially the front ones, are shortened, become massive and acquire powerful weapons from chitinous teeth. The swimming limbs are flattened in the form of an oar and are equipped with a dense row of elastic rowing hairs (beetles).
4. What kind of wings do insects have? What are physical foundations flight of insects?
A characteristic feature of many insects is the ability to fly. The wings, one or two pairs, are located on the second (mesothorax) and third (mesothorax) thoracic segments and represent folds of the body wall. The wing has the appearance of a thin plate, it is two-layered.
In different orders of insects, the forewings and hindwings may be developed differently. Beetles are characterized by the transformation of the front wings into thick and hard elytra, which almost do not participate in flight and mainly protect the dorsal side of the body. Only the hind wings are real, which are hidden under the elytra at rest.
5. Make a table "Squads of insects", indicating for each squad a representative, type of mouth apparatus, number of wings and type of development (work in small groups).
6. Why do you think circulatory system insects are not involved in the transport of gases through the body?
Because in insects, the respiratory organs are tracheas, which, like a circulatory system, deliver oxygen to all organs and tissues.
7. Make a detailed outline of the paragraph.
general characteristics class Insects;
Features of the external structure of representatives of the class Insects;
The structure of the wings;
Muscular system;
Nervous system of insects;
Sense organs of insects;
The structure of the circulatory system;
Respiratory Organs Insects;
Digestive system;
excretory organs;
Reproduction and development of insects;
Variety of Insects;
The value of insects in nature and for humans.
