Interesting facts from the world of technology. Interesting facts about science and technology (1 photo)

We are so accustomed to household appliances and can’t even imagine how we would live without it. Vacuum cleaners that made cleaning easier and better, microwaves, refrigerators, irons and other useful appliances - not frills and dreams, but real help in our life.

A man became lazy and invented assistants for himself - all kinds of household appliances: washing machine washes, the vacuum cleaner is removed, the dishwasher washes the dishes, the microwave heats up, the iron irons. And a person, know for yourself, only presses buttons, managing his house. But a hundred years ago, electricity was far from everywhere. What is there Appliances.

So when was it invented?

• In 1782, the first mechanical hand washing machine was created. It was a beautiful barrel with a handle, reminiscent of spaceship from the movie Kin-dza-dza.
• Her electric sister was born in 1906.

• 1806 - The coffee maker is invented. Boiling water was poured through fine sieve on which ground coffee was poured. Coffee was brought to Europe in 1626, but there were no coffee makers then. Why? Yes, there was no electricity.
• First half of the 19th century - Charles Babbage invented the first mechanical calculating machine.

• In 1825, the first patent was issued in the United States for a conventional gas stove. The German Leben invented gas burner, which operates in our kitchens to this day. The life of a genius was hard - he died without waiting for a patent, one against the whole world of inventors, - smart people they took pity on him and mocked him, considering him crazy, stubbornly proving to him that fire cannot burn without a simple thing - a wick. People then increasingly used kerosene.
• 1870 (nine years after the abolition of serfdom in Russia) the first mechanical whisk appeared to the world. The device has been improved and developed. In 1910, the stores of the great inventor America sold the first mixers - a motor with whisks. The mixer cost 3000 green dollars and weighed 30 kilograms - three buckets of water. People liked it.

And now? Now mixers are so small, compact, like everything that is available on modern kitchen.

• 1880 - Everyone knows they need a dishwasher, but no one invents it. What for? The women do the dishes. And Josephine Cochrane got so fed up with it that she said, “If no one is going to invent dishwasher, then I will do it in the end! This kind woman is from a wealthy family, and she never washed the dishes herself, because she did not need money.
• 1901 - England created the first vacuum cleaner. Cecil Booth is the creator of this monster. They say the British also invented the tank. They probably built a vacuum cleaner from a tank, because this cleaner was transported in a horse-drawn cart. You sit at home - you look - four horses arrived at the entrance and behind it - something huge, mysterious - they dragged a hose to you to the fifth floor and turned it on - almost all the property was sucked into the pipe. During operation, the vacuum cleaner itself was outside. And what a roar this miracle device made! After all, its power was 5 horsepower!

• 1922 - the blender appears. Rotating blade motor. He stirred the syrup with cold carbonic acid. The mixer wouldn't do that. In 1935, the blender was already chopping, chopping and mashing with might and main. There is even such a word - pureed.
• 1945 - Victory! Percy Spencer invented the microwave. Yes, such that people passing by the magnetron had chocolates melting in their pockets. I wonder what happened to their brains?

In 1947, microwave ovens went on sale (probably people were not told about the melted chocolate in their pockets). The microwave weighed 340 kg - people at that time were stronger, and the height of the device was - 175 cm, not like in our time!

Laziness - moves progress forward. Thanks to the amazing imagination of lazy people, inventions continue to this day.

Technological progress is moving forward with huge strides. It is already becoming difficult to keep up with the novelties of nanotechnology. In this article, we want to recall how some new products were born, and also to tell some very amazing facts from the world of technology.

In which country did they try to prevent the development of color television due to fears of social stratification?

When color televisions appeared in Israel in the 1970s, the government considered them an unjustified luxury that contributed to social stratification, and instructed TV channels to continue broadcasting in black and white, and to remove the color component from imported programs and films. To do this, the so-called sync pulse was suppressed at television stations, due to which a special module in television receivers interpreted color as noise and removed it. However, engineers immediately came up with an “anti-suppressor” device that was sold in stores for 10% of the price of a new TV. The inconvenience was that about once every 15 minutes the color disappeared, and the audience had to twist a special knob to restore it. A few years later, officials found that the vast majority of viewers had bought anti-suppressants and lifted the ban.

Why were German military airships equipped with a basket descended on a long cable?

Military airships during the First World War often flew at high altitudes to be out of reach of enemy artillery. In case of flight in the clouds, the Germans invented a basket descended on a cable up to a kilometer long. The telephone officer in it corrected the ship's course and gave commands to drop bombs. Crew members were generally very fond of such work, because the basket was the only place where smoking was allowed.

Why are manufacturers of electric cars forced to artificially increase their noise?

Modern electric cars and hybrid cars are almost silent. This, according to a number of researchers, creates a safety hazard for pedestrians who are accustomed to the hum of a car engine, and especially for the blind. In Japan and the European Union, laws have already been passed requiring manufacturers of such cars to install artificial noise systems. In the USA, the mandatory equipment of such systems with automatic activation of noise when driving at speeds up to 30 km / h will be introduced in 2019.

How many audio cassettes are currently being produced in the US?

The National Audio Company, an audio cassette manufacturer, was founded in 1969 and remained one of the few in the United States that retained equipment after the advent of first CDs and then mp3. It is now the market leader, producing over 10 million tapes per year. In 2015, the company sold more cassettes than at any time in its history, supplying both major labels and indie bands. The company's president attributes this success to nostalgia for analog things you can hold in your hands.

What genre of photography owes its appearance to the shortcomings of the Soviet camera?

In 1983, the Leningrad Optical and Mechanical Association released a small-format LOMO Compact-Avtomat camera equipped with an automatic electronic shutter-diaphragm. It was fairly easy to use, but the exposure meter didn't always work correctly, and shots often came out with unnatural colors and noticeable vignetting. However, these shortcomings played a key role in the birth of a special genre of photography - lomography, founded by two Austrian students who brought these cameras back from a tourist trip. The basic principle of lomography is the fixation of life from unusual angles as it is, without reversing special attention on the quality of the pictures. Enthusiasts have launched the production of LOMO Compact-Automats and other cameras specially designed for lomography abroad, produce photographic film and regularly organize photo exhibitions.

Why does the train reverse before moving forward?

If the driver of a heavy freight train tries to start moving sharply forward, then the train may not budge, since the total static friction force acting from the side of the rails on the wheels of the cars will exceed the sliding force of the driving wheels of the locomotive. Often, the operator must first back up to loosen the hitch tension. And only then go forward, setting the cars in motion one by one.

Why is the speed of ships measured in knots?

For a long time, to determine the speed of ships, a sector log was used - a triangular board with a rope tied to it, on which knots were tied at the same distance. The board was thrown overboard, the time was recorded (usually half a minute) and they counted how many knots the rope carried by the lag would unwind while the ship was moving forward. If the distance between the knots is a multiple of a nautical mile (for example, 1/120 of a mile), then you can immediately determine the speed in miles per hour. This unit of measurement is called the "knot". Modern instruments for measuring the speed of ships are more advanced and work on other principles, but they still indicate it in knots.

How computer games and programs downloaded from paper magazines and radio broadcasts?

In the 1980s and early 1990s, very popular in Europe and then countries former USSR, used ZX Spectrum computers. Their cheapness was due to the use of a conventional TV as a screen, and a household tape recorder as an external drive. Audio cassettes with recorded games and programs were inserted into it, the sound of which the computer interpreted as a sequence of bits and loaded into memory. Often the programs could be "downloaded" in special radio broadcasts by recording them on cassette tape. Also, small programs were printed in magazines dedicated to the Spectrum in the form of source code - it had to be typed on the keyboard, run and again saved to audio media.

Why HDD called Winchester?

In 1973, IBM released the Model 3340 hard drive, which was designed with two 30 MB modules. Although the memory was increased to 70 MB in the final version, the association of the 30/30 numbers with the popular hunting cartridge .30-30 Winchester gave the drive the code name "Winchester". This name has become a household name for everyone hard drives, and in English language has already fallen into disuse, and is actively used in Russian.

For the sale of which the world's first was designed vending machine?

The first vending machine was designed by the engineer Heron back in the 1st century in Alexandria. A coin dropped into the slot struck a lever, which displaced the valve and allowed some liquid to flow out. This machine was intended for the distribution of holy water in the temple.

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About 10 years ago, the sight of a person in our country approaching you in a strange apparatus could at least cause surprise or even alarm. Perhaps someone jumped up and ran away, like the audience of the first film of the Lumiere brothers, in which the train arrived at the station. Now adults and children ride hoverboards. Undoubtedly, this original and compact vehicle has gained the greatest popularity among young people.

Consider the popular models of gyroscooters, which in the trend of 2018 - 2019? Consider and Interesting facts about popular models and novelties.

The television was invented in the first decade of the 20th century. Of course, that one was still an apparatus - it’s scary to imagine it next to our modern models stuffed with various technologies. Since then, he has been “overgrown” with various stereotypes and traditions, prejudices and peculiarities.

What interesting things can be learned by looking at the short, but very turbulent history of the development of electronics, without which almost no house is now unthinkable? Consider interesting facts about televisions and television.

To date, email marketing is one of the most effective tools of Internet marketing. In order for it to give results, it is necessary to have a properly developed strategy. However, this is not enough. The recommendations of the experts described in this article will help you achieve your desired goal.

Today, refrigerators are in every family and in every grocery store. And how without them? Their ease of use and functionality have made them an essential part of any food storage space.

Over time, refrigerators have been modernized, adapting to the requirements of ordinary users and entrepreneurs who purchase refrigerators for trade. Consider interesting facts about refrigerators in stores.

Sometime in 1999, Stefi-Velo LLC, whose founders were passionate about cycling, made a significant contribution to the production of bicycles in Russia. At first, bicycles were imported from China and Thailand, and then in 2003, having survived the crisis, the company refused to import and adjusted own production. brand forward appeared in 2004.

Currently, under this brand, almost all existing varieties bicycles: full-suspension mountain bikes, hardtail mountain bikes, women's bikes, standard city bikes different ages users and the premium segment of Format. What is the range of bicycles Forward (Forward): interesting facts about brand products.

Remember, in childhood (adolescence), many people had bicycles that differed “by gender”: with a frame for men, without a frame for women? And there are some distinctive features bike for ladies? Pink color and airbrushing flowers, you say? This is not forbidden, but primarily quite different. By the way, the figure also plays a role when buying a bike!

So, in this article we will look at useful and interesting facts about motorcycles for women. What are they?

Increasingly, you can see how at a particular event visitors are asked to wear control bracelets. This invention has been in use for several years, but still raises some questions. And very in vain, because the invention is extremely convenient and extremely useful.

To get a color or black and white image (text) now, just select the one you need on your computer, turn on the printer and click "Print". And since Now MFPs (multifunctional devices) are popular, then this device will print for you, and make copies of documents, and scan them. Result: you have as many copies (paper and electronic) as you want.

The automated and simplified process now was costly and incredibly time consuming in the past. How were copies made in the past? Who invented printers and when did they appear? Consider some interesting historical facts.

The bicycle was invented several centuries ago, but many myths and falsifications are associated with its appearance. When was the first patent received? Where did the first races on bicycles with metal wheels take place?

What path did this two-wheeled transport travel from the beginning of the 19th century to the 21st? The invention and evolution of the bicycle: interesting historical facts reflected in this article.

When we think of the people who gave the world some revolutionary invention that changed our daily lives, we usually imagine a brilliant scientist, day and night pondering the laws of physics. But this is not true for all discoveries. Did you know that the man who invented Coca-Cola was injured and was trying to make painkillers? We offer you some stories about inventions made by mistake.

It would seem, well, what interesting things can be said about a cable or a wire? Not the most exciting profession for a wide audience is an electrician, an electronic engineer, etc., as many people think. But don't jump to conclusions.

It turns out that there are many interesting things in this work. See for yourself - wire and cable: interesting facts about them in our article.

Why was the escalator invented? What was the filament of a Thomas Edison lamp made of? What were the first typewriters called? How fast are the electrons moving? How long do Higgs bosons live? What is used to make fire extinguisher foam? How long will all the batteries and accumulators on Earth last?

The first escalator was installed for fun, not with practical purposes, on Coney Island in New York. In the first two weeks, 75,000 human.

At the top of the escalator installed in the London mall Harrods, there were special attendants with smelling salts and brandy at the ready - to revive customers who were seasick on the rise.

The filament of the first industrial light bulb, patented by Thomas Edison in 1880, was made from bamboo.

Typewriters were once called "literary pianos".

Raw materials needed to produce one computer, including 530 pounds fossil fuel, 50 pounds of chemicals and 3,300 pounds water, weighs two tons - about the same as a rhinoceros.

First Cell phones cost 2000 pounds apiece; The battery held a charge for 20 minutes.

Electrons move along electrical wires about the speed of flowing honey.

Even on the moon you can listen to the radio, but on board a submarine it is impossible in principle. Radio waves travel much better in air than in water.

Every five days, a new skyscraper is erected in China. By 2016, there will be four times as many as in the US.

Higgs bosons - assuming their existence - exist for approximately one zeptosecond, that is, one thousandth of a billionth of a billionth of a second.

If the mass of one kilogram of sugar could be transformed into energy, it would be enough for a continuous run car for 100,000 years.

There are only two beret factories left in France.

Cow hooves are used in the manufacture of foam for fire extinguishers.

10% of all photographs in the world were taken in the last 12 months.

If out of all the Lego parts produced for history the existence of this constructor, fold the tower, its height will be ten times the distance from the Earth to the Moon.

Liechtenstein, the sixth smallest country in the world, is the world's largest supplier of false teeth.

All the batteries and accumulators on Earth will last only ten minutes to meet the needs of the planet in electricity.

There are nearly 250,000 individual patents behind the smartphone manufacturing technology.

At greeting card, which can play the melody "Happy Birthday", more computing power than there was in the whole world in 1950.

A conventional microwave consumes more electricity to keep it running. electronic clock in standby than warming up food.

Nobody has ever observed an atom. They are so small that they cannot be seen microscope and cannot be counted and weighed separately.

Plato (424/423 BC - 348/347 BC) believed that the smallest particles of matter are tiny rectangular triangles.

Since at least the time of Pythagoras (c. 570 BC - c. 495 BC), not a single intelligent educated person doesn't believe the earth is flat.

A coal-fired power plant emits 100 times more radioactive waste into the air than a nuclear power plant, while producing the same amount of energy.

The lightest metal in the world is 100 times lighter than foam; it can be put on a dandelion cap without wrinkling it.

Graphene, the world's strongest material, can be made into a plate a million times thinner than paper and 200 times stronger than steel.

To break through a layer of graphene as thick as a film for food products, you need the force of an elephant applied to a sharpened pencil.

From a ton personal computers more gold can be extracted than from 17 tons of gold ore.

Gold dissolved in the World ocean, is worth an estimated $475 trillion—about forty times the US government debt.

A fully stocked Kindle electronic tablet weighs one billionth of a billionth of a gram more than a brand new one.

Source
John Lloyd, John Mitchinson, James Harkin
1227 facts that will blow your mind

Among all the elements known to science under normal conditions, only two are found in a liquid state - bromine and mercury.

The Swedish chemist Karl Scheele can be called the record holder for the number of discovered by him chemical elements. Thanks to him, we learned about the existence of tungsten, barium, molybdenum, manganese, chlorine, fluorine and oxygen. Scheele is followed by his compatriots Karl Mosander and Jakob Berzelius, the Englishman Humphrey Davy and the Frenchman Paul Lecoq de Boisbaudran. Each of these chemists discovered four elements. The share of the above scientists accounts for about 1/4 of all currently known elements.

In the history of chemistry, there is a list of false discoveries of chemical elements, which includes 250 names. Thus, the discovery of more than 100 rare earth elements was announced, of which only 15 correspond to the truth.

Two elements were initially detected in the solar atmosphere using spectral methods, and only after that they were discovered in terrestrial materials. We are talking about technetium and helium.

The prevalence of chemical elements on our planet differs significantly from the distribution in the Universe. For example, silicon and oxygen lead on Earth, and helium and hydrogen lead in space.

In the process of boiling, water molecules move at a speed of 650 m/s.

The service life of plastic bearings is an order of magnitude longer than babbit bearings. Plus, they're eight times cheaper, and they're lubricated with water instead of oil.

Capron is considered an excellent substitute for non-ferrous metals. Bushings, bearings, parts for machine tools, presses and textile machines made of nylon do not require lubrication, are corrosion resistant, have a low coefficient of friction, are silent, much more durable and lighter than metal counterparts. In addition, they have a relatively low cost.

Nylon thread is 10 times more wear-resistant than cotton and 2.5 times stronger than silk. The thread, whose thickness is 1 mm, is able to withstand the weight of an adult (up to 75 kg).

To produce 100 tons of natural rubber, 100 people must work on the plantation for five years.

Cost price faux leather 15-20 times lower than natural. Labor costs for its production are almost a hundred times less.

Chemists have created a new fiber - vinol. It absorbs moisture like cotton. Vinol thread can be used in surgery, it dissolves without a trace in the human body a few hours after surgery. Vinol will give durable tires to airplanes and cars. And the fishermen will receive strong ropes and fishing tackle. Vinol does not rot and is not afraid of moisture.

Until the second half of the 17th century, Venice was threatened the death penalty who will reveal the secrets of the production of mirrors. The Venetian state had a monopoly on the manufacture of mirrors.

Alexander Mikhailovich Butlerov - the creator of the theory chemical structure organic compounds, a brilliant experimenter and an outstanding theorist, also known as the founder of rational Russian beekeeping. Beekeeping was not just a hobby for him. For writing the book “Bee, her life. Rules of sensible beekeeping” he was awarded a prize from the Free Economic Society. In the spring of 1882, at the All-Russian Exhibition held in Moscow, Butlerov organized an exemplary apiary, where he personally acted as a consultant-guide.

The ancient Babylonian mathematicians, who lived two millennia BC. e., there were tables for calculating volumes and areas, negative numbers, the symbol for zero, and the multiplication table. In addition, they already then solved equations of the fourth degree with almost the same methods that are used now. They knew about the so-called Pythagorean theory.

The Armenian scientist, mathematician of the 6th century David the Invincible compiled the first ever textbook on arithmetic problems. One of the copies of this problem book is still preserved in the Yerevan repository of ancient manuscripts.

The first mention of mathematical signs"plus" and "minus" are found in Johann Widmann's textbook on arithmetic, dated 1489. Until that moment, these signs were designated by the initial letters of their names.

Idea to designate decimals with a comma belongs to the French mathematician François Vieta.

The first mention of the famous theorem on sides right triangle found in Babylonian cuneiform texts written 1200 years before Pythagoras.

The famous French scientist Alexi Clairaut already at the age of ten studied higher mathematics, at the age of twelve he made the first scientific discovery, and by the age of eighteen became an adjunct at the Paris Academy of Sciences.

The eminent Italian scientist Bonaventura Cavalieri suffered from gout. During the next attack of the disease, he diligently studied mathematics, and the pain receded.

eight centuries before new era on the sides of the imperial throne, on which Theophilus sat, golden statues of lions were installed. When the emperor ascended the throne, they stood up, growled and again fit into place. Apparently, the ancient mechanics managed to make excellent automata.

In the Roman Colosseum, they found a cavity in which a giant elevator was once installed to lift wild animals and gladiators from the dungeons to the arena. The movement of the elevator was carried out with the help of a gate, on which 60 people worked.

For 48 years, every 6 weeks, George Westinghouse patented his new invention.

In the writings of the Greek writer Philo of Byzantium, who lived more than two thousand years ago, the oldest description of a water pump was found. However, he did not describe the first, but only an improved double-acting pump.

In order to unravel the mystery of the electromagnet, Faraday had to constantly carry a model of an electromagnet in his pocket for nine years and give it different positions, concentrating on the solution.

Mu is an Indian unit of distance, meaning the limits of audibility of a cow's lowing.

In some cases, the sound can not only be heard, but also seen. So, one Englishman, standing on a hill, happened to see a long narrow shadow moving towards him through the whole valley. As soon as she reached him, the Englishman felt a strong push and heard a powerful explosion. Subsequently, it turned out that a few miles from the place where he stood, there was an explosion of a gunpowder warehouse. The blast wave compressed the air so that it began to cast a shadow.

In 1500, a Chinese official named Wang Hu decided to use a rocket for human flight for the first time. Invented by him aircraft looked like a seat that two huge dragons were supposed to carry with the help of 47 firework rockets. This attempt was unsuccessful and ended in the death of its inventor.

The term rocket appeared in XIX century and comes from the word "rock-ketta", which in Italian means a tube, a spindle.

During the time that a passenger of a modern high-speed aircraft lights a cigarette, he will have time to fly through the air 6 km, and during a three-course meal - about 800 km.

In the tenth book of Vitruvius, dated to the 1st century BC. e., there is a description of "taxi". After passing a certain distance, a mechanism connected with the axis of the carriage dropped a pebble into a bronze bowl. The distance traveled was determined by the number of pebbles. Such crews received practical use among the people of that time.

On many ancient Greek and Roman roads, traces on which carriages traveled and arrows on which oncoming vehicles could pass have survived to this day.

In an ordinary wristwatch, there are parts, a thousand pieces of which weigh only 1 g.

The first nylon watches were made in England. Their gears, axles and springs are not afraid of shaking and dampness. New watches are not inferior in accuracy to ordinary, metal ones.

In 1761, the mechanic Garrison received a huge bonus of 10,000 pounds from the British authorities for having managed to bring the accuracy of the chronometer to 30 seconds per day. To date, such accuracy is characteristic of ordinary wrist watch mass-produced by watch factories.

For the first time blotting paper was invented in the middle of the last century. This invention is accompanied by a curious story. A worker in one of the English paper mills forgot to add glue to the paper pulp. For his oversight, he lost his job. But later it turned out that non-glued paper perfectly absorbs moisture. The enterprising owner of the factory did not fail to take advantage of this property and converted the entire factory production to the production of blotters, which found a large market. Unglued paper replaced the sifted sand, which was sprinkled over everything written in ink.

To compare two different calculation methods, a computer machine calculated the number pi to a hundred thousandth decimal place. This smart machine spent about 8 hours. It would take a person about 30 years to do the same job.

Inventor Emil Berliner produced the world's first record in 1888. The first record is still kept in the National Museum in Washington. In the center of the records of that time there were two holes, they were played from the middle to the edges. It was possible to record only on one side of the disc, and on reverse side was the name. In the first half of the 20th century, chocolate records were sold.

The flame temperature of an ordinary primus stove can reach 2000 degrees.

About a century and a half ago, match heads were made from a mixture of glue, sugar and bartholite salt. Similar matches were lit by dipping them in a container with sulfuric acid.

While you strike a match on the box, the match head heats up to 200 degrees.

The metallic flint used in lighters does not contain a single gram of flint. 70% of its composition is cerium and 30% is ordinary iron. Cerium provides the appearance of sparks that ignite a wick moistened with gasoline.

At the tip of a needle sewing machine develops a pressure of about 5000 atm.

In Peru, on the ruins of one of the ancient palaces, they found a telephone, which is about a thousand years old. It was made from two gourd flasks tied with tight twine.

In the Beijing Temple of Heaven there is a wall erected in 1530. It is interesting because at the opposite end of the wall you can clearly hear everything said into it. The length of the wall is about 200 m and the height is 6 m.