Drainage pit using willow branches. DIY cesspool. Choosing a method for cleaning the drain pit

City dwellers, when using water supply, as a rule, do not think about where the waste water then flows. But the owners country houses The problem of waste disposal often has to be solved independently. Let's look at how to properly make a drain hole. After all, this popular option for local sewerage is the simplest, cheapest and most affordable for self-construction.

When improving a house or site, the first step is to build water supply and sewerage systems. Because imagine comfortable life If necessary, carrying water from a well is quite difficult.

There are a lot of options for organizing wastewater disposal, but the simplest and therefore very popular is construction drain hole. Let's look at how to make a drainage pit with your own hands, without resorting to the help of professional builders.

Types of drainage pits

For all its simplicity, the drainage pit can have different design. Here are the most common options:

• Sealed pit.
• Filter pit.
• Two-chamber pit.

Sealed pit

This option for installing a local sewer system is the safest for the environment, since all wastewater from the house disappears into a sealed sump and remains there until it is pumped out by vacuum cleaners.

Thus, there is no risk of contaminated water getting into the ground and soil waters, that is, the presence of this type of sewage system on the site does not affect ecological systems. The disadvantage of this waste disposal option is the need to regularly pump out the accumulated liquid.

Filter drain pit

Build filter type drainage pits sanitary rules permitted only if the volume of waste per day is less than a cubic meter. If waste water little, they have time to be processed through natural decomposition. Pits of this type can be built for a bathhouse, as well as for a house in which there is a separation of drains.

In the latter case, two sewer branches and two drainage pits are constructed. The first (filter type) transports wastewater from the shower, from the washbasin, washing machine, that is, relatively clean. The second (sealed type) should be used to transport wastewater from toilets and kitchens.

Two-chamber drain pit

Another practical solution to the problem of how to build a drainage pit is the construction of a two-chamber installation. Let's consider the principle of operation of such treatment plant:

• The pit consists of two chambers connected at the top by an overflow.
• The first chamber is sealed, the second is filtering.
• The wastewater (unseparated) flows from the house into the first sealed chamber, where it is mechanically separated, that is, simply settled. Solid inclusions sink to the bottom, and relatively clean water pours into the second chamber.
• From the second chamber, water is filtered into the ground.
• Waste accumulated in the first chamber should be pumped out periodically.

Advice! To ensure that the drainage pit can be cleaned less frequently, it is recommended to use special biological products. Bacteria process organic matter, reducing the amount of solid waste.

Construction planning

Before making a drainage pit, you should draw up a construction plan. You need to decide on the type of structure, choose the location of construction and determine the required volume of tanks.

How to determine the volume of the drain pit?

The main indicator on which the volume of the drainage pit will depend is the intensity of use of the residential property. It is clear that a house needs a larger hole than a summer house.

Advice! Of course, it is better to determine the volume of wastewater individually, but there are generally accepted standards. So, for a family of three people permanently living in a house, you should build a pit with a capacity of 6 cubic meters.

When determining the volume of the tank, the following factors should be taken into account:

• Availability of vacuum cleaner services.
• The volume that sewage disposal equipment can pump out at one time.

Where should the drain hole be located?

• Soil water must lie deep enough in the area, since the minimum depth of the hole is two meters.
• If there is a source of drinking water nearby, then the pit should be placed at a distance of at least 30 meters from it.
• The cesspool must not be placed on a slope.
• It is necessary to provide for the availability of free passages for servicing the pit.
• You cannot place the pit next to the house and the fence of the neighboring property. The minimum distance to housing is five meters.

In a word, choosing a place for construction is quite difficult, especially if the site is already developed. However, you cannot deviate from the rules listed above.

Selection of material for construction

To build a sealed pit, the following materials are used:

• Concrete solution. A formwork is built into which the solution is poured. The thickness of the walls and bottom should be at least 7 cm; it is advisable to reinforce it with steel mesh.
• Plastic containers. This is the least labor-intensive option. Prepare a pit into which the finished product is installed plastic container.

Advice! To eliminate the possibility of container deformation under the influence of soil pressure, as well as its floating during spring floods, it is recommended to concrete the walls and bottom of the pit. When concreting the bottom, special fastening loops are laid, to which the plastic tank is tied with polymer belts.

• Concrete rings.
• Ceramic brick.

When choosing the last two options, you have to carry out additional activities for sealing seams. To do this, the brickwork (or the joints between the rings) is treated from the inside with mortar, and the bottom of the pit is concreted.

Additionally, the inside of the walls is covered with a bitumen solution, and the outside is covered with a thick (20 cm) layer of oily clay. What is the best way to line a drainage pit if a filter version of a treatment plant is being built? There are no less options here. Perfect for:

• Brick. The walls should be laid out so that there are five-centimeter gaps between the rows, arranged in a checkerboard pattern.
• Reinforced concrete rings. Manufacturers specially produce rings for the construction of drainage wells; they are perforated. If you cannot buy such rings, you can make holes in solid products yourself using a hammer drill.
• Old car tires. You can easily assemble a drainage well from this available material. The tires are laid one above the other, having first cut off the lower rim on each of them.
• Old plastic or metal barrels. To build a pit, a barrel without a bottom is used, and a number of holes are made in its lower part for better filtration of water.

Stages of construction of a drainage pit

Let's look at how to properly make a drainage hole, provided you do the work yourself:

• Construction begins with the preparation of the pit and trenches for laying the supply pipeline.
• The pit must have a greater depth than the planned depth of the drainage pit, since a drainage cushion is installed at its bottom.
• The drainage pad is made by pouring a layer of sand and crushed stone, each layer is well compacted.
• If the pit is sealed, then the height of the layers can be 10-15 cm. On top of the drainage pad, you should either put ready-made iron concrete slab, or perform a concrete screed.
• If a filter pit is being built, then the layer of crushed stone should be at least 20 cm so that the wastewater is better cleaned and the bottom does not silt for longer.
• Next, the walls of the tank are strengthened, that is, brickwork is done, concrete rings or plastic containers are installed, depending on the chosen construction material.
• If a sealed tank is being built, then after the walls have been strengthened, they are waterproofed.
• At this stage, the supply pipeline is connected to the receiving tank. The connection between the pipe and the container must be tight, but not rigid, so that it does not collapse under the influence of soil movements. It is convenient to use rubber couplings.

• At a distance of approximately 40 cm from the surface of the earth, a covering for the pit is arranged. As a rule, ready-made reinforced concrete slab with a hole for a hatch. If desired, such a slab can be cast independently, having previously constructed the formwork.
• Alternatively, thick boards can be used to construct the floor, but in this case, it will be less durable.
• A hatch must be made into the ceiling to check the filling of the pit and pump out its contents.
• It is advisable to install a ventilation pipe on the lid. Indeed, during the decomposition of waste, various gases are formed, including methane, which is explosive. Therefore, it is better to provide for the possibility of ventilation.
• The ceiling can be covered with soil from above. The soil must be poured into a mound to prevent rainwater from flowing into the hole.

So, if you plan to develop a local sewer system, the construction of a drainage pit is one of the simplest, but at the same time, convenient and practical options. Beginners in the construction business would do well to visually see how to make a drainage hole - a video describing the stages of work can be found on construction websites.

A cesspool or drainage pit is an invariable attribute of a dacha or private house that does not have a centralized sewage system. A properly equipped cesspool makes it possible to process waste and allow liquid ingredients to be absorbed into the soil without harming it.

The demand for this structure is due to the fact that its construction does not require specific knowledge and skills. Depending on the construction model, one person can complete such work within 2-6 days without much effort.

Of course, there are some problems with subsequent exploitation drain hole. You need to decide how to pump waste out of the pit and who to hire to carry out such a mission. Means a lot and volume of constructed drainage pit It depends on how often the sewage will need to be pumped out of it.

IN rural houses or in their dachas many people use the simplest design drain hole. They simply bury old tanks or barrels that have served their time in the soil. With such a design collection of sewage and their filtration is possible provided that their number per day is no more 1 m³. The sanitary inspection has a negative attitude towards such drainage systems, since they poison environment and harm the environment.

The simplest cesspool you can build on summer cottage in a short time. Through the drain pipe, the waste goes straight sent to the container the bottom of which is covered with a layer of gravel or pebbles. To release the methane generated during waste processing, a gas outlet pipe is placed on the tank lid.

This system is not applicable in houses for permanent residence, After all, their approximate water consumption per day for an average family is more than 1 cubic meter. m. They need a way to drain waste and fecal matter into the ground and subsequent filtration. This system has become widespread among those living in dachas, country houses and cottages.

Its construction does not involve any difficulties, but it is worth considering some nuances:

1. The walls of the pit must be strengthened, since water entering it will destroy the building. To prevent this, a tank or container is placed, the wall is laid out of brick or concrete rings are installed.
2. The average volume of the drainage pit is calculated based on approximately 3 m³ per day, or calculate that for each family member per day, water consumption does not exceed 1 cubic meter. m.
3. Mandatory installation ventilation system in a pit to speed up waste processing.

When building a cesspool of this design, keep in mind that it requires almost no cleaning. In such a system they put multiple cameras To process sewage, it is first poured into the first pit where it is collected. Then when they get ready overflow lintel, sewage will go into the second chamber and liquid waste will be absorbed by the soil. The solid waste in the first pit will be processed by septic tank bacteria and used for fertilizer.

Types of cesspools

According to the manufacturing method, drainage pits are made into categories:

1. Storage tanks made of monolithic concrete.
2. With brick walls.
3. With receiving container.
4. Temporary, dug in the ground.
5. With wooden formwork.
6. Without a bottom with the release of waste liquid into the ground.

According to the regulations of SNiP, which determine location of drainage pits on the premises, you must adhere to the following rules:

1. Residential buildings and outbuildings should be located at a distance of about 20 meters from drainage pits.
2. The distance from the cesspool to the nearest fence must be at least 1 meter.
3. The distance to the nearest natural source of water (well or spring) from a drainage pit without a bottom should be within 30 meters.

Selection of material for construction

The following building materials are used to make a cesspool tank:

• ceramic or ordinary brick;
• plastic material in the form of containers, barrels;
• reinforced concrete rings.

For the tank, you can use various containers that have become unusable: a casing from a washing machine, barrels without bottom or tires from car wheels stacked on top of each other.

Typically, the shape of the cesspool depends on the container used. But the most suitable shape is cylindrical, which has greatest strength and makes it possible to evenly distribute loads on the walls of the tank. Cubic containers are significantly inferior to cylindrical ones in strength due to uneven distribution loads on the walls.

Brick cesspool

Ceramic bricks are most suitable for making a cesspool. He has significantly more long term services, than usual, and he is not so afraid of dampness. First of all, you need to dig holes according to the previously made dimensions.

At the bottom of the pit you can build small foundation, made from broken bricks or stones. The walls of the pit are laid out in half a brick to save material; it is advisable to leave between the ends of the bricks small cracks, for filtration and release of wastewater into the ground.

After laying several rows of bricks, it is necessary to carry out drainage bedding, consisting of crushed stone and pebbles between the walls of the pit and the brickwork.

Brick walls are raised to a height below ground level approximately 60 cm, at this height the well made must be covered with a durable lid made of any available material (metal sheet, reinforced concrete slab).

The lid must provide hose hole sewer truck, you need to make a reliable cover for the hole. You can pour the soil remaining from the excavation work on top of the lid and plant a flower bed on it.

Pit made of concrete rings

Cesspool in country house or a dacha can be made from ready-made reinforced concrete rings. The construction of a drainage pit from reinforced concrete rings is carried out using special equipment, so without the involvement of specialists you will not be able to build this structure.

The sequence of work is as follows:

It is also often used when constructing cesspools. old tires from vehicles. Tires from heavy-duty vehicles or tractors are most suitable for this purpose.

The tire sidewalls are cut using a grinder or jigsaw, do not forget to cut hole for pipe entry for draining. After preparation, the tire rings are installed in the pit one on top of the other, and drainage from crushed stone and gravel is poured at the bottom.

The top of the tires is covered metal lid with a pipe for ventilation, and is covered with earth to insulate and improve the area.

Little tricks when arranging a pit

When constructing a drainage pit, it must be taken into account that sewage must drain by gravity, and for this it is necessary to provide for a slight slope of the sewer pipes when laying them.

Sewer pipes must be laid with a slope of at least 20−30 mm per meter of pipe length. With a greater slope it may break the water lock and that's all unpleasant odors will go straight to your premises. Even with a large slope of the pipe, dirt accumulations will form. At low slope sewer pipes Sewage stagnation and clogging may occur.

Pit ventilation system. A constructed cesspool is required must be ventilated the upper edge of the ventilation pipe must be located at a height of at least 4-5 meters. For device forced ventilation you can apply in an original way. Paint the ventilation pipe black And sun rays when heated, the pipes will provide the necessary draft.

Sewer pipes. The most suitable pipes for these purposes are with a diameter 100 mm. For a drainage hole, a shallow depth of 20 centimeters is sufficient. bury the pipes to protect them from freezing in winter.

Living in an apartment, you probably don’t think about how the underground sewage system works. You don’t need to worry about pumping out the pit or its presence in general. But life in the countryside is a completely different matter. When installing a bathtub or toilet, you need to make sure that the drainage hole is not only spacious, but also properly made.

And then the question arises, how to prevent it from crumbling in a year? We invite you to read the article to the end and find out the answer.

Selecting a location

Before building a pit, you need to decide on the location and take into account some nuances. Firstly, important rule, which cannot be neglected, is the distance from the house or fence to finished design. It should be at least 5 m, but 7-8 m is better.

Secondly, to pump out the pit they resort to the services of sewer trucks (if you have not bought a special pump, which we will tell you about) and naturally, the machine needs access. Therefore, build the structure as close to the gate as possible, if this is permissible. But in pursuit of convenience, do not forget about the mandatory five meters.

Thirdly, consider the presence of wells or boreholes on the site. If they are, then the distance between the pit and the well should be at least 30 meters. As for groundwater, this is not a decisive factor in choosing a location. The type of pit depends on their presence.

Types of drainage pits

Despite their simplicity, they can be of three types:

• Two-chamber. It consists of two chambers connected by an overflow. In this case, the first one will be sealed, and the second one will be filtering. Pipes coming from the house carry waste, which is separated in the process - solid inclusions fall to the bottom, and the liquid is transferred to the second chamber and filtered into the ground.
• Sealed. This type of cesspool is the most environmentally friendly, because all waste is stored in the pit and waits until it is pumped out. But at the same time, this plus turns into a minus, because you will have to constantly pump out the pit.
• Filtering. Such a pit can only be constructed if overall size waste per day does not exceed 1 cubic meter. In other cases, according to sanitary standards, you need to build pits of the first type.

Whichever pit you choose, sooner or later it will need to be cleaned. To simplify this process, use processing biological products.

Volume and selection of building materials

The drainage pit in a private house should be spacious so that you do not have to pump it out every week. It is impossible to calculate its exact size, because it all depends on how much water is spent on laundry, washing dishes, hygiene procedures, etc. But there are certain norms from which you can build.

For example, if three people live in a family on a permanent basis, then the size of the pit should be 6 cubic meters.

We should also talk about the material used to line the drainage pits.

Typically the following is used:

• Concrete;
• Brick;
• Concrete rings;
• Plastic.

In the first case, formwork is built into which concrete mortar is poured. In order for the pit to be stronger, do not forget about reinforcement. The thickness of the bottom and concrete walls should be at least 6-7 cm. Using plastic is the easiest option. It is enough to dig a hole and install a plastic container of the appropriate diameter. But there is one drawback. Plastic can deform under soil pressure and to avoid this, the pit still needs to be concreted. In addition, you need to install special loops to which the tank is attached.

Brick is best option for those who live in a private house or have a dacha. A pit lined with ceramic bricks lasts a long time and does not collapse under pressure, but under the condition correct masonry. Also, do not forget about the slots for filtration, the size of which should be 4-6 cm. Concrete rings are also not a bad option, but you won’t be able to install them yourself. At a minimum, you need a crane or a few helpers. Usually 2-3 rings are used for pits, but it all depends on the size.

Knowing the information above, let's talk about how to make a drain hole with your own hands.

Construction stages

1. The first step is to dig a hole of the appropriate size. Its shape can be either square or cylindrical. Usually, they try not to dig holes more than 2 meters wide, but this is discussed on an individual basis.
2. After the hole is dug, you need to level the walls so that they do not crumble.
3. The third stage is piping. Important nuance, this is a slight slope of the pipe necessary for the liquid to drain by gravity. If the pipe has a diameter of 100 mm, then the slope is 20 mm. If the diameter is 160 mm, then 10.
4. After the pipes are installed, 10-20 cm of sand or crushed stone should be poured into the bottom of the hole. Then, pour water over the “pillow” and compact it a little. If the pit is a filtration pit, then we leave everything as it is. And if it’s sealed, then the bottom needs to be concreted or a concrete slab laid.
5. Next, the walls are strengthened using the method you choose: brick, plastic, etc.
6. If your pit is sealed, then after strengthening you need to carry out waterproofing work.
7. The pipeline is connected.
8. The cover is installed.

Do you have private house or a cottage outside the city? Do you have to take out a full bucket of water from under the sink every time? Stop suffering! Drain the water in your house with your own hands! This is quite possible and quite simple. To do this you will need to be patient and the following materials: pencil, tape measure, hacksaw, reinforced concrete rings, sewer pipe, rubber gaskets, concrete floors, cement, sand, crushed stone, planks, shovels and gloves.

Preparatory work

And so let's get started. First, you need to determine where the wastewater will be collected. This is usually where the natural slope of the area goes. And also, if you have on your site drinking water in a well or well, it is necessary to prevent wastewater from entering there. Secondly, you need to draw a draft sewer laying scheme (your private house should have a draft, use it), measure and make a list necessary materials and components for work. Measure with maximum accuracy, taking into account every detail, so that you don’t have to run to the store many times.

Are the materials ready? We begin installation work.

Internal sewerage

First we lay the pipes indoors. It's better to take PVC material, because it is easier to work with. It is compatible with other building materials, it is lightweight, bends well, holds cement and connects quickly.

Laying sewer pipes

Saw it with a hacksaw at a 90 degree angle. We connect the short parts of the structure at each joint, inserting rubber gaskets that will ensure tightness. Now we connect all the elements. We take pipes for toilets. They should be large in diameter (one hundred millimeters). This is necessary so as not to burden the drain. The remaining pipes should have a diameter of approximately 50-75 mm; water will flow through them quite quickly.

We install pipes with a slope of 2-5 mm per meter of pipe to simplify water drainage. We remove the pipe from the house at a depth of approximately one to two meters, depending on how deeply the ground freezes, and then, with a slope of 5 mm per linear meter, we insert it into sewer well. Now check if water flows well through them.

External sewerage

Now we have reached the cesspool. It comes in several types and classifications, with or without a bottom, respectively environmental or environmentally polluting.

You can use a pit without a bottom only if the drainage volume is small (within 1 cubic meter per day) and if points with drinking water are no closer than 50 meters from it.

But if you want to protect yourself from fines and criminal liability, then it is better to make a sealed cesspool. It is good because it eliminates problems, because they are pumped out with the help of professionals and special equipment. But this “pleasure” costs money.

Overflow sewer in a private house

You can also build a sewer system for a private house with your own hands by recycling wastewater, that is, a septic tank. In order to make a three-chamber septic tank, you must follow several rules:

The location for the septic tank is chosen lower than the drinking water, at a distance of at least 50 m from the well.

• There should be at least two meters to the fence.
• There must be room for entry of sewage disposal equipment.
• Dig a hole with a volume of more than 3 times the normal amount of waste per day.
• Fill the bottom with a concrete pad of 15-20 cm so that water does not seep into the ground.
• For walls, you can use reinforced concrete rings, ready-made plastic structures, or lay them yourself using bricks.
• Upon completion of the wall laying, carefully seal all seams.
• Finish twice inner part well walls with bitumen.
• Using the same principle, make a second chamber, connecting them to each other.
• The third chamber will be the same, only without a bottom. About 50 cm of sand and gravel are sprinkled at the bottom of the well to filter the water.

Ready. Now draining water is not a problem for you. Your private home can have any of the three forms of sewerage we offer. You just need to choose the most suitable option for your home and do it all yourself.

The easiest way to arrange something like a central sewer system on a site is to build a drainage pit for wastewater yourself. Its arrangement can be divided into several stages.

Preparation stage

At this stage, it is necessary to make calculations - what size should the drainage pit equipped with with my own hands, the number of people whose accommodation is planned for suburban area. The volume of the drainage pit also directly depends on the intensity of use of various plumbing fixtures.

In addition to choosing the size, you need to determine exactly where the drainage pit will be organized with your own hands. The following rules should be followed:

• You need to choose a location based on the location of groundwater. Such places should be avoided so as not to contaminate the water that enters the house from a well or well located on the site. The location of groundwater can be determined using observations - for example, above groundwater, located close to the surface, marshy plants grow well. The water level in neighbors' wells can also indicate the depth of the aquifer. But accurate information can be obtained mainly through test drilling.
• The distance from the water source to the drainage pit should be at least 20–30 m. A hermetically sealed pit should be located no closer than 5 m from the house.
• If the area is uneven and has pronounced highs and lows, the drainage pit should be located in the lowest area for better flow of wastewater into it. In this case, taking into account precipitation, the hole needs to be made larger than planned.

Earthworks

After choosing the location and volume of the drain pit, it is necessary to carry out initial earthworks. Digging a pit for a drainage hole for a small family is not so difficult.

The arrangement of the pit depends on whether it is planned to concrete the walls of the drainage pit or not. A sealed sewer will require regular cleaning of the pit from waste using a sewer service, just like a drain pit without a concrete bottom.

At the bottom of the prepared pit, drainage should be laid - a sand and gravel cushion. It will also become a filter for water that gradually goes into the ground. When concreting, the layer of sand and gravel can be made small - up to 10 cm. However, if such a cushion is planned as a natural filter, its thickness should not be less than 20 cm.

Construction of a drainage pit

Concreting the bottom is carried out using concrete mortar and reinforcement. A 5-10 cm layer of mortar is laid out on the prepared sand and gravel cushion, into which the reinforcement grid is recessed and another layer of concrete mortar is added. If you plan to use concrete rings for a sealed drain pit, when arranging the bottom, you need to deepen the walls so that the diameter of the bottom of the drain pit becomes larger than the diameter of the hole for the sewer pit.

After arranging the bottom of the pit, it is necessary to begin forming the walls. To do this you can use:

• concrete rings,
• concrete mortar and reinforcement,
• bricks.

If you plan to use concrete rings as walls, you should arrange the drainage pit as follows:

1. After organizing the concrete bottom (the area of ​​which should be slightly larger than that of the ring) concrete ring with a diameter slightly larger than the diameter of the pit, placed directly above the pit.
2. Gradually removing the soil from under the ring, it is lowered to the surface level. Then they put a second ring on top and continue to remove the soil to the very bottom.
3. At the bottom, the joints of the ring and the concrete bottom must be processed concrete mortar for sealing.
4. If the bottom is simply a sand and gravel cushion, then the rings are simply lowered to the required depth, and the joints between them are sealed with cement mortar.

Concreting walls on your own will require not only manufacturing cement mortar from cement of a grade no less than M200, but also the arrangement of formwork from wooden boards. For greater strength, be sure to add reinforcement - metal rods at least 1 cm thick.

Drain pit, the walls of which are brickwork, they are not necessarily built from whole bricks. Broken bricks connected with cement mortar are quite suitable for organizing the sewer system of a private house.

When arranging a drainage pit, it is necessary to provide for the supply of sewer pipes from the house. In the upper part of the container you need to make a hole with a slightly larger diameter drain pipe. The void between the pipe and the walls of the hole is filled with sealant.

A sealed lid with a hatch must be placed on the prepared drainage pit.