How to open a transport company: business features, costs and profits. How to open a transport company from scratch

Own business: transport company

By purchasing freight transport of the following brands: Mercedes, Peugeot, Ford, Hyundai, you can already be sure that you have taken place as a representative of a small business involved in the transportation industry. However, you can start working on both the Bull and the Gazelle. Just keep in mind that after five years of operation, your new Gazelle will fall to pieces! A foreign car - no.

But the main thing to remember is that in this case, any brand is required to:
load capacity of 1.5 tons
and body volume - 12-14 cubic meters

According to conservative estimates, they bring in net profit per month:

1) Gazelle - 10 thousand rubles,
2) car type "Bull" - 20 thousand rubles,
3) five-tonner - 25 thousand rubles,
4) truck - 100 thousand rubles.

These figures are so small because they were calculated based on the fact that you are the owner and you hired a driver. At the same time, you still pay all taxes and keep an accountant on a salary. That is, these figures are for a real transport company. If you are not one, but you yourself are both an accountant and a director, then the numbers are overestimated.

What kind of car to buy after all depends on what cargo you will be transporting. Therefore, to begin with, probe the nearby market: what is carried more often? Then you will choose a transport for yourself, because freight transport is far from universal, unfortunately.

According to the players, "the beast runs to the catcher." That is, having identified yourself as the owner of a heavy vehicle, you immediately attract the good attention of those who need this transport. For good attention, these people will take a commission from you - from 10 to 20% of the order amount.

The main person who will supply you with orders is an intermediary, here called a dispatcher. To communicate with a potential customer, you must have the following:

a) the vehicle itself
b) driver's license of the appropriate caliber
c) PTS
d) documents confirming that you are a legal entity
e) a certified copy of your passport

However, not everyone who makes money by transporting personal vehicles "have a legal entity" and pay taxes. Many people work in black, having about 60 thousand rubles a month from one Gazelle.

Transport company as a business: Pitfalls

Due to the ongoing crisis, construction market- the main breadwinner of cargo transportation, has become. However, a year ago, seeing that the construction was growing, how soap bubble, many private traders rushed to buy vehicles to capitalize on this demand. They created a lot of pressure and competition, and the crisis left them all out of work. And besides this, the cargo fleet of construction and other large companies was freed up, which also began to compete with private traders in the fight for customers.

Who wins in this situation? Only owners of specialized vehicles - like concrete mixers or machines with manipulators. Although their market is an order of magnitude smaller than the market for ordinary Kamaz and Gazel vehicles, there is no such competition there.

How to grow into a transport company

Here is a rather tricky arithmetic from market players.

According to some players, it is necessary to invest in the purchase of eight cars different class, for the transport of various goods. The monthly turnover of such a company is 500 thousand rubles.

Working on these eight machines, you must definitely have another 500 thousand rubles reserved in your account, in case of force majeure.

Only then does the company reach the break-even point. And then she can afford to have: a) an owner, b) a dispatcher, and c) salaried drivers.

The next step is the purchase of 16 cars already. This is the so-called "second break-even point", which allows not only to go into profit, but also to develop without attracting third-party funds (loans).

However, in order to buy land for a car depot with a warehouse, maintain your own control room and take a solid bank loan to buy this very land, you need to have at least 45 cars in the park.

Transport company as a business: If you want to hire a driver...

Not every person dares to trust an expensive cargo to an incomprehensible person who called himself a driver. If you are dealing with hired drivers, then you should know that both their passport and driver's license are often fake. Market players are advised to conclude an agreement with collection agencies (these are those who professionally “knock out” debts), which often take on such work as checking a past specialist without recommendations. The cost of collector services is 30 thousand rubles per month, subject to the conclusion of a long-term contract.

Own transport company: Conclusions

The transport company lives when the construction is going on. Now might not be the best right time in order to start from scratch, in the hope of becoming fabulously rich in a year. But this situation also has advantages - you can buy transport that has fallen in price and is idle now at dumping prices, waiting for the crisis to end and construction to continue.

Today, in the context of the protracted economic crisis that began in 2014, the expression “everyone survives as best he can” is more relevant than ever. Today, not having an additional source of income and having only one salary/pension/stipend/allowance means dooming yourself to vegetate in the backyard while life just passes by. Therefore, every second person tries to find some alternative ways of earning. For men, most of whom are drivers, this is much easier to do. What does it cost, for example, to organize transportation services? That's about it - how to open transport company, or, if you like, the provision of cargo transportation services, today we will talk about it.

Without any doubt, this business today has a huge demand, and not only among individuals, but also for large companies for which it is unprofitable to create their own fleet, and therefore they prefer to use the services of third-party drivers with their own vehicles.

Brief business analysis:
Business setup costs: from 5 million rubles
Relevant for cities with a population: from 100 thousand
Situation in the industry:service market is saturated
The complexity of organizing a business: 3/5
Payback: from 1.5 years

It should be noted that the demand for cargo transportation is growing literally every day, but you should not be deceived by the seeming simplicity of organizing a business, and before you open a transport company from scratch, it will be quite useful to study this area in order to avoid annoying mistakes inherent in novice entrepreneurs. This publication is intended to help those wishing to start their own business in the field of logistics, and give one necessary minimum knowledge that will allow you to enter this business without loss.

Types of transport companies

Although there are several types of classification of transport companies, for convenience we have compiled our division based on the provision various kinds transport services.

Cargo transportation within one settlement, district, region. As a rule, such companies are engaged in the transportation of small-sized cargo, and specialize mainly in apartment and office moving, etc.
Cargo transportation of goods for one company to chain stores, warehouses, etc.
International cargo transportation of a wide variety of goods.
Specialized cargo transportation. For example, only lumber, only food, etc.
Cargo transportation using special equipment - dump trucks, tractors, etc.
Cargo transportation of cars and special equipment.
Transport companies providing intermediary services in the form of searching for orders for cargo carriers and vice versa, preparing all the necessary documentation, planning routes and solving financial issues, controlling drivers and cargo safety, etc.

You can, of course, try to "embrace the immensity" and position your company as providing services for all types of transportation, but for this kind of activity you will need so much money that it is not clear - if you have it, then why do you need to do business at all? Live to your heart's content!

Those who are serious about creating a reliable business will have to choose one of the directions before opening a transport company. At this link you will find a business plan for organizing cargo transportation using a conventional GAZelle or other similar light vehicle.

Among other things, it must be taken into account that the business processes of a transport company are not limited directly to transportation. We also need to maintain our own repair and diagnostic auto repair shop, a staff of dispatchers, forwarders, security guards, accountants, and some other specialists. You will need repair boxes, office space, garages for cars, storage areas - without all this, any logistics company simply cannot work fully.

How to register your business activity

To facilitate the work with documents, it would be best to draw up a standard contract for the provision of specific services in advance - transport, storage, security, etc. Most often, everything is combined in one company.

The only thing you have to "tinker with" is obtaining a license for international cargo transportation. To do this, you will have to provide a solid package of documents to the Ministry of Transport:

All documents for your cars that will travel abroad;
Personal documents of drivers (starting from health books and ending with driver's licenses);
Copies of company registration certificate;
Information about the composition and qualifications of the driver's personnel;
Declaration on the availability of its own parking lot, or places reserved for this purpose;
Maintenance contract at the service center;
Some other documents may be required (due to the complex international situation The requirements of the transport inspectorate change literally every month).

By the way, another innovation that did not exist before is the requirement to provide a certificate of passing special driving courses for private carriers, that is, those who work as individual entrepreneurs.

Creating your own carpool

Of course, everyone once started small - with one or two trucks, gradually acquiring new types of equipment. Today, to compete in the chosen area of cargo transportation with those who have been “boiling” in this “cauldron” for more than a dozen years, have their own client base, a huge fleet of vehicles, endless storage facilities, etc. It means dooming your business to failure from the very beginning. Be content with little, your time will come.

For a novice owner of a transport company, it will be enough:

Domestic GAZelle in the amount of 2-5 cars;
Medium-duty trucks such as GAZon, MAZ, Kamaz, or their imported counterparts - 2-5 vehicles;
Refrigerator - 2 units.

The technical equipment of the car depot also includes the acquisition of:

Tools for car maintenance and repair;
Diagnostic equipment;
Tire fitting equipment;
The most "running" spare parts for each car.

All necessary expenses should be provided for in a business plan, without which starting such a large-scale business will be a waste of time, effort, and, most importantly, money. You can find out how to write a competent business plan. Filling out special form in the "Contacts" section, you can order the creation of a business plan on our blog, adapted to your specific conditions.

Transport company staff

Creating a staff of qualified employees is certainly one of the priority tasks when organizing a transport company from scratch. The number of employees depends on the volume of cargo transportation performed. The staff of the transport company, as a rule, includes:

Communications Manager;
A dispatcher who takes orders and sends drivers on a flight;
Accountant;
Forwarder;
Security guard (in many companies, in order to save money, the driver combines the last two positions, which in turn minimizes the safety of the cargo being transported);
The director-administrator of the company, whose position at first may well be occupied by the owner of the business.

How to find clients for cargo transportation?

Finding clients is one of the most challenging tasks. Bye new company no one knows, few can decide to entrust her with the transportation of valuable goods. How to make a name for yourself in a market crowded with offers of similar services? We suggest using the following “set” of marketing tools.

Separating your company from the crowd

Analyze your competitors. It cannot be that everyone works “smoothly”, “punctures” happen to everyone, and this should be used. Think about what you can offer your potential customers and what other transport companies do not have. Create a discount system for regular customers, hold various promotions, give "gifts" in the form of free loading operations, etc.

Drawing up a competent commercial offer

You can sit and wait until customers come to you for a very long time - you need to look for them yourself. Concisely, but very clearly state the essence of your proposal, position the types of services provided, designate the tariffs, describe the benefits that the client will receive when working with your company.

Internet monitoring

Now a lot of companies are looking for performers for their services via the Internet. There are special sites where ads are published for both those who need cargo transportation and those who are ready to provide these services. A huge plus for your company will be the creation of your own website.

As you can see, in organizational terms, there is nothing complicated in creating a transport company. The only difficulty for a novice entrepreneur is the financial issue. In this source - you can find out how a loan for a small business in a bank, and here -

Cargo transportation is a rather promising type of activity. People living in villages, cities and towns use the services of transport companies or individuals to transport things and goods to different places.

On the this moment cargo transportation is in great demand in our country, so the number of companies offering their services in this area is growing every day. If you want to go into this business, you need to take your place and try to organize work in such a way that it brings income, create conditions that are fundamentally different from those of competing firms.

Cargo transportation: business from scratch

This is quite troublesome and costly. In order to get started, you will have to acquire a personal vehicle. If you are limited in funds, then a Gazelle-type car or something like that is quite suitable for the first case.

What is the job? At the first stage, a written contract is concluded with the client. The next step is packing goods and things. Timely delivery has big role in this case: if you miss the delivery time at least once, the reputation of the enterprise will suffer, and then you will have to earn money again good name firms. Unpacking and setting things in place - this work is carried out by additional agreement with the customer.

How to open a cargo transportation company so that the business brings real benefits? Transportation is often done by everyone who does not know what to do with themselves. They put the dispatcher on the phone, take orders, but they are in no hurry to fulfill them. The cost of work very often does not match the one stated in the agreement, so people are dissatisfied with the work of such "firms". The final amount is sometimes announced only when the things have already been unloaded and the client has to pay the announced amounts. To avoid such punctures, you need to build your work honestly in relation to the customer. Only then will people use the services of your office, and it will bring a good income.

The relevance of this type of business

The relevance of cargo transportation in modern world hard to overestimate. Transportation services are in demand more and more every year.

Until recently, the customer had to wait for his cargo for several weeks, or even months. Now the situation has changed radically. People began to value their time more. Therefore, they try to deliver luggage as soon as possible. short time. Regardless of the purpose of delivery, the relevance of transportation is growing rapidly.

It is even difficult to imagine what will happen if the freight transportation market ceases to function for any reason. Life will rise, especially in big cities. Essential goods and food will not be delivered, medicines will disappear from pharmacies. This list can be continued indefinitely. Therefore, it is impossible to underestimate the importance of cargo transportation in the modern world.

Basic goals

Competent organization of transportation on cars of various types.
Delivery of commercial cargo.
Office, apartment, country, industrial moving.
Transportation of oversized cargo.
Provision of trained personnel for loading and unloading operations.
Provision of services for forced storage of goods.

The most important thing is to have perseverance and strive to go to your goals. Confidence in yourself and your abilities is also far from last.

Company registration and taxes

In order to open a transport company for cargo transportation, you need. If you plan to deal with low-tonnage transportation, several small Gazelle-type cars will work in your fleet, and there will be a small number of employees in the state, then in this case you can.

You will need to pay the state duty and collect the package required documents. Their list will be given to you in the tax office. Then an application of the appropriate format is submitted here. It should contain your passport details, a phone number by which employees can contact you if necessary tax service, and . All these manipulations can be performed by you personally or through a trusted person.

Each registered carrier must pay taxes to the state treasury on time. In order for taxation to be optimal, the following factors must be taken into account:

the scale of the future company;
types of transportation.

For sale.

Coffee machines as an easy way to earn money. about vending features.

Types of taxation for carriers

. This is the most acceptable option. It means the following: you will be able to pay 6% of the total income of the company or 15% of income minus expenses.
General system. Is not the best option for small business. In this case, all taxes must be paid. In your case, this will be a direct path to ruin.
. It can only be applied if your fleet has no more than 20 cars. If you cannot choose a taxation system for yourself, then the regional authorities will automatically transfer your company to single tax.

In order to earn decently, make every effort to switch to a single tax. Do not forget to pay the state in full, and most importantly - on time. There is also Pension Fund, which will also have to bear deductions. The size of contributions to the PF often changes, so you need to constantly update the numbers that are transferred from the accounts of your company.

Where and how to open a transport company?

Room selection

You cannot do without an office space that will house the dispatch service.

The premises can be rented. The choice of its location must be taken very responsibly. Saving money by working from home will not achieve good results. The "home" level of work will not bring large incomes. If you do not have the funds to rent your own premises, you can rent an office in a call center. This will require less investment. Dispatch service can accommodate 20 sq. meters.

The office needs to be refurbished. Dispatchers must have computers or laptops at their disposal. Availability of printer and scanner necessary condition. Without a landline phone, work will not be carried out at the proper level. The presence of two telephone lines is a huge advantage in the work of the company. Cell phones employees will be involved in no less. It is advisable to purchase a walkie-talkie for talking drivers with a dispatcher - it is convenient and inexpensive.

Recruitment

In a company that plans to engage in cargo transportation, dispatchers must be on the staff - at least 2 people. Their main quality should be good diction, excellent memory, communication skills and the ability to think logically.

A good manager will help to properly organize the work of the enterprise. A competent accountant will keep all the documentation of the company, and there will be a lot of it.

A prerequisite for successful work is effective advertising. Therefore, an advertising manager will also not be superfluous.

Buying cars

Business in this area begins with the purchase of a car. When choosing machines, you need to clearly understand for yourself what goals you set for yourself and what means you have. Used foreign cars are more reliable than domestic cars and more convenient to use. But Russian cars are much cheaper to repair. At the same time, imported cars break down less often.

Which car to buy is up to you. For cargo transportation within the city, Gazelles are often bought. Due to their maneuverability, they perfectly cope with the tasks in the city. Gazelles are fuel efficient and inexpensive to maintain.

If you plan to transport products, tilt cars are suitable for this purpose. For large volumes of cargo, cars with additional trailers are suitable - in this case, the carrying capacity will increase to 24 tons. For perishable products, you need to buy special refrigerators or isothermal vans. A car is indispensable for transporting furniture or office moves. Russian production"Zil - Bull". This car will go where a big truck cannot go.

What kind of car to buy to develop a freight transportation business? This question is individual. One point is worth remembering for sure - in order to provide quality services to the population, it is necessary to have an appropriate fleet of vehicles available.

Motor transport services for the transportation of goods

It is very important if you can organize the work of a company that will provide customers with complete list services. It will be nice if you provide the customer not only with suitable vehicle but also movers.

Companies that specialize in this area provide the following services:

cargo insurance;
services for customs clearance of documents;
office, country, apartment moving;
transportation of oversized and heavy cargo;
transportation of dangerous and especially valuable things.

In order for the quality of services to be high level, you must adhere to the following rules:

develop a clear itinerary;
calculate the cost of the entire procedure;
prepare the necessary documentation;
carry out continuous monitoring of the movement of cargo throughout the route.

Marketing plan for the development of the company

Before you start the paperwork to open your own business, you need to have a well-developed marketing plan. What is included?

Conducting an active advertising campaign that will fully reveal the services provided by your company. In this case, it is necessary to involve local media, design and distribute business cards of the company as much as possible.
In the near future, try to attract as many customers as possible and interest regular customers with profitable offers and bonus discounts.
A clearly developed strategy for the development of the enterprise, which will spell out effective measures to promote and develop the business.

A well-designed marketing strategy and the right tactics will put your company in a leading position among peers in the region.

Marketing research is necessary before drafting detailed business plan transportation of goods. These data will be the basis for the successful operation and development of the enterprise.

Financial questions: is it profitable to engage in cargo transportation?

You must understand that it is not realistic to create a detailed financial statement for the creation of a freight carrier company. To obtain specific figures, accurate data on the state of the future enterprise are needed. An approximate picture would look like this:

"Gazelle" will bring about 10 thousand rubles of net profit;
"Zil - Bull" - 20 thousand rubles;
a machine with a carrying capacity of 5 tons will give a profit of up to 25 thousand;
truck - 100 thousand rubles.

These numbers paint a picture of an enterprise that regularly pays taxes and salaries to employees.

If you plan to start a business with the purchase of 2 cars, you will have the following expenses:

expenses for the purchase of cars - 900 thousand - 1 million rubles;
car repairs and fuel costs - 40–45 thousand rubles;
rent of premises - 10 thousand rubles;
boxes - 10 thousand rubles;
salary for employees - 40 thousand rubles;
advertising - 15 thousand rubles;
other expenses - 30 thousand rubles.

Thus, you will need about 1 million 200 thousand rubles. This is provided that you have 1 dispatcher, 1 driver and 1 loader in your state.

If you need to attract a second car, you yourself will have to drive. Accounting reports will be maintained by a specialist from another company. This scheme of work assumes an income from one car of 30 thousand rubles. per month.

All your expenses will pay off not earlier than 1.5–2 years. If you use rented cars, then this period can be halved.

More accurate calculations depend on many factors. So, one of the main components is the location of the company.

Concluding, we can say that the organization of a small-tonnage transportation business is a profitable and promising business, which is worth paying attention to novice businessmen.

It is not easy to organize a transport business, despite the obvious demand for freight and passenger transportation. Firstly, you will be hindered by a lot of competition in this area. Secondly, an entrepreneur has nothing to do in the road transportation market without serious investments and connections. Thirdly, experts usually dissuade even people without experience in transportation from even thinking about how to open a transport company.

Most often, the transport business is opened by employees of motor transport enterprises (logistics, dispatchers, drivers) who want to go into “free swimming”. With rich experience, connections in the field of transportation, their clientele and their own vehicles, such entrepreneurs have every chance of successful start and active development of the company.

Does it make sense to “get into” the motor transport business?

What should a novice entrepreneur who would like to do this particular business do? Is the path to the world of transportation closed to him?

If we are talking about such areas as cargo transportation of oversized and oversized cargo, maintenance of large industries, then this is a matter exclusively for large trucking companies that have an appropriate fleet of vehicles and special equipment.

Regular route passenger transportation is also impossible without an expensive bus fleet. Most often, and this is not the main thing: the decisive role in tenders for the provision of transport services to the population is played by the "necessary" acquaintances and financial opportunities.

The field of activity for small auto enterprises is taxis and private orders for cargo transportation (moving, furniture delivery and building materials, cooperation with small enterprises, organizations, shops). As a rule, owners of cars (trucks, dump trucks, minibuses) or drivers of auto enterprises who dream of working for themselves or together with comrades who are ready to invest in a common cause are thinking about creating such a business.

Car park

The transport available determines the specialization of the newly opened transport company. You need to look for the first customers taking into account your fleet. At the same time, we should think about expansion: attract drivers with their own vehicles, buy cars, lease, rent. Although, if you're lucky, you can go from the opposite direction: find a major customer and purchase vehicles to meet his requirements.

You can talk about a full-fledged transport company if its fleet has at least 5 trucks (from 500 thousand rubles for one Gazelle) and at least one truck (from 3 million rubles). Purchasing cars on the basis of leasing requires an initial investment of 30% of the cost of cars and about 5% in the form of monthly payments.

To work with food stores and bases, vehicles are needed that provide special temperature conditions: isothermal vans, refrigerators.

For service industrial enterprises, construction and raw materials companies will need dump trucks, tractors, cargo trailers and platforms.

Passenger transportation is carried out by minibuses or buses, which are selected depending on the type of transportation: route, group, tourist, city or intercity trips.

Company registration

If you are not afraid of the amount of investment and you are sure that you will be able to provide your company with orders, you can proceed to formalize your business.

Register as or open . If you plan to work only with individuals and small or medium-sized businesses, an individual entrepreneur with a simplified tax form will do. For transport enterprises with a fleet of no more than 20 vehicles, a tax form is allowed.

To serve large customers, it is better to form a limited liability company on common system taxation. You will need to open a current bank account: payments will be made by bank transfer.

The transport company must have its own base. To do this, you can use a rented or purchased land plot outside the residential area. The site is fenced and provided with physical and technical protection.

On the basis of allocated parking spaces for vehicles, boxes for repairs.

Obtaining a license

Cargo transportation as a business requires obtaining a license if vehicles with a carrying capacity of more than 3.5 tons are used during work. Passenger transportation by taxi and by vehicles with a capacity of 8 people or more is required to be licensed.

The license is issued by the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation. To obtain it, you must provide the following documents:

statement with a list of cars;
copies of all constituent documents, certificates of registration of the organization and its tax registration, an extract from the YuGRUL or EGRIP;
copies of qualification documents of employees of the enterprise;
a copy of the attestation document of the person responsible for road safety;
information about vehicles on which licensed transportation will be carried out;
receipt of payment of the license fee.

If the car enterprise meets all the requirements, then the licensing authority issues a permit document for a period of 5 years.

Staff

The organization of the work of a motor transport company requires a sufficiently large staff:

Drivers with the rights of the corresponding category at the rate of one per car and substitute drivers. When transporting over long distances, to comply with the regime of work and rest - at least 2 drivers per car.
Dispatcher - is engaged in the organization of transportation, control, registration of travel documents, maintaining internal journals.
The head of the garage is an auto mechanic who inspects cars before releasing them to the line, and also provides fuel and lubricants.
Auto mechanic - repairs cars, carries out their prevention.
Road safety engineer - responsible for the appropriate training of drivers, briefing, interaction with the traffic police.
Medical worker - carries out a pre-trip examination of drivers.
An accountant is needed if the organization operates under the general taxation regime or has a large fleet of vehicles. In other cases, it is not necessary to hire an accountant.

Finding Clients

Finding customers is the main task for the head of a motor transport company. It is necessary to act “on all fronts” in order to maximize the load on the entire existing fleet and prevent long downtime of equipment.

The car company can carry out such activities to attract customers:

place advertisements for transportation intended for individuals (newspapers, stops, entrances);
advertise on the Internet, create a business card site for your company;
agree on the provision of services with entrepreneurs (furniture stores and household appliances, construction firms, repair teams, travel agencies);
track tenders for transportation and take part in them;
establish links with larger carriers, dispatch centers and forwarding companies who may have a job for your company;
collect a database of enterprises for the formation commercial offers about cooperation.

It is not easy to get a large client for a young transport company, but auto companies also earn money from small transportation. In this case, the profitability of the entire business depends on the number of orders.

Current expenses need to be reduced: do not exceed the consumption of fuel and lubricants, fight against the "left" orders of drivers that harm the company, carefully monitor technical condition fleet, carry out preventive maintenance more often to avoid repairs. The wages of drivers should be set depending on the completed orders.

When forming a fleet, try to purchase cars designed for different types of transportation: the versatility of a transport company makes it possible to expand the search base for potential customers.