D) state unitary enterprises. D) implementation of measures to ensure the defense of the country

Detailed solution Paragraph § 13 on social studies for 11th grade students, authors L.N. Bogolyubov, N.I. Gorodetskaya, L.F. Ivanova 2014

Question 1. Are the highest rungs of the social ladder accessible to every person? What determines a person’s position in society?

The concept of the social ladder is relative. For officials - one thing, for businessmen - another, for artists - a third, etc. There is no single social ladder.

A person’s position in society depends on education, property, power, income, etc.

A person can change his social position with the help of social elevators - the army, the church, the school.

Additional social elevators are the media, party and social activities, accumulation of wealth, marriage with representatives of the upper class.

Position in society and social status have always occupied an important place in the life of every person. So, what does the position in society depend on:

1. Kinship - status may depend on family lines; children of rich and influential parents undoubtedly have higher status than children born to less influential parents.

2. Personal qualities are one of the most important points on which one’s status in society depends. A person with a strong-willed character, who has the qualities of a leader, will certainly achieve more in life and achieve a higher position in society than a person with the opposite character.

3. Connections - the more friends, the more acquaintances who can really help you get somewhere, the greater the chances of achieving your goal, and therefore gaining a higher social status.

Questions and tasks for the document

Question 1. What types of social stratification is the author talking about?

Economic, political, professional differentiation of society.

If the economic status of the members of a certain society is not the same, if among them there are both haves and have-nots, then such a society is characterized by the presence of economic stratification, regardless of whether it is organized on communist or capitalist principles, whether it is constitutionally defined as a “society of equals” or not . No labels, signs, or oral statements can change or obscure the reality of economic inequality, which is expressed in the difference in income, standard of living, and in the existence of rich and poor segments of the population. If within a group there are hierarchically different ranks in terms of authority and prestige, titles and honors, if there are managers and governed, then regardless of the terms (monarchs, bureaucrats, masters, bosses) this means that such a group is politically differentiated, that whatever it proclaims in its constitution or declaration. If the members of a society are divided into various groups by the type of their activity, occupation, and some professions are considered more prestigious in comparison with others and if members of one or another professional group are divided into managers of various ranks and subordinates, then such a group is professionally differentiated regardless of whether the bosses are elected or appointed, whether their leadership positions are inherited or due to their personal qualities.

Question 3. Based on the source, can it be argued that social inequality manifests itself in different types of societies?

Yes, you can. Since the phrase “regardless of whether bosses are elected or appointed, whether they get their leadership positions by inheritance or thanks to their personal qualities” indicates that, under a monarchical structure, such a situation could also arise.

SELF-TEST QUESTIONS

Question 1. What causes existence social groups in society?

Sociologists explain the emergence and existence of social groups primarily by the social division of labor and the specialization of people's activities. Sociologists believe that even today the division of human activity into main types determines the diversity and size of social groups and their position in society. Thus, the existence of layers of the population that differ in income levels is associated with economic activity, and with political activity - the existence in society of leaders and masses, managers and governed.

The existence of various social groups is also due to the historical diversity of living conditions, culture, social norms and values. This, in particular, explains the presence of ethnic and religious groups in modern society.

Question 2. What social groups exist in modern Russian society? What is the objective basis for their emergence and existence?

The structure of Russian society

Class A. Rich. They are mainly engaged in selling raw materials, accumulating personal capital and exporting it abroad. 5-10% of the population.

Class B1+B2. Middle class. 10-15% of the population. Provides class A service in all areas economic activity(financial, legal, information and technical, in secondary production, necessary for pumping out raw materials).

Subclass B1. Most in their Class. Salaried employees, office workers, on a good salary.

Subclass B2. Minority in its Class. Owners of their own medium-sized businesses and small private capital.

Class C. Small owners. As such, it is practically absent in Russia.

Class D. The rest of the people, workers, peasants, state employees, military, students, pensioners, the electorate, “men”, “Russians”, cattle, the crowd. 75-80% of the population.

National Subclass D1. Russian and essentially Russified peoples.

National Subclass D2. Tolerant nationalities.

Class E. Human resources of the CIS countries + China.

Arose in connection with the formation of capitalism, with the emergence in Russia private property and with the stratification of society.

Question 3. How do the variety of forms of ownership and market relations affect the social structure of society?

The presence of private property divides society into owners of the means of production and workers. Accordingly, whoever owns the means of production receives profit from their use, and workers receive their usual wages. Hence the social structure of the rich and ordinary workers.

Market relations divide society into producer and consumer. There is also a lot of competition between manufacturers. Which also divides society. There are goods that only certain groups of society can purchase; they are not available to the lower strata of the population.

Question 4. Who, in your opinion, forms the Russian middle class?

According to the World Bank, the Russian middle class is defined as households whose level of consumption is one and a half times higher than the level of the national poverty scale (income below the subsistence level), but below the minimum level of consumption of the so-called “world-class middle class”, and amounted to 55.6% in 2008. However, according to calculations by the same World Bank, the average monthly income of a representative of the world-class middle class starts at $3,500 and only no more than 8% of the entire world population can be attributed to this class.

In 2009, the World Bank estimated that Russia's world-class middle class had shrunk by a quarter from its pre-crisis peak of 12.6% to 9.5%.

A very large part of the Russian middle class (approximately 40%) is the “old middle” class, that is, owner-entrepreneurs. As for intellectuals, they are largely relegated to a lower stratum.

Question 5. What points of view exist on the possibility of achieving equality and justice in a society where there is social differentiation?

In modern society, social equality is increasingly understood as equality before the law, as well as equality of rights and opportunities. The path to achieving such equality is through respect for the rights and human dignity of representatives of all social groups. In a society that proclaims social equality, equal opportunities are created for all people, regardless of gender, race, nationality, class, origin, place of residence in obtaining education, medical services, in economics and political activity etc. Thus, representatives of all social groups have equal opportunities when entering higher education educational institutions, employment, promotion, nomination as a candidate in elections to central or local authorities. At the same time, ensuring equal opportunities does not necessarily imply obtaining the same results (for example, equal salary).

Modern UN documents set the task of ensuring equal opportunities for well-being for people belonging to both current and future generations. This means that meeting the needs of present generations should not compromise the ability left as a legacy for future generations to meet their needs.

Question 6. What does the concept of “social mobility” mean? What are its types?

Modern society has become open. There are no prohibitions on engaging in a particular profession, or on marriage between representatives of different social, ethnic or religious groups. As a result, social movements of people have intensified (between city and countryside, between different sectors of the economy, between professions, between different regions of the country) and, consequently, the possibilities for individual choice of profession, place of residence, lifestyle, spouse have expanded significantly.

The transition of people from one social group to another is called social mobility.

Sociologists distinguish between horizontal and vertical mobility. Horizontal mobility refers to the processes of moving from group to group without changing social status. For example, moving from one state enterprise to another, from one family to another, from one citizenship to another.

Processes of vertical mobility are associated with moving up or down the steps of the social ladder. There are upward (upward) and downward (downward) social mobility. Ascending vertical mobility includes a person's promotion to a position, transition to a managerial job, mastering a more prestigious profession, etc. Downward vertical mobility includes, for example, the process of ruining an average entrepreneur and turning him into a hired worker.

The paths along which people move from one social group to another are called channels of social mobility or social elevators. These include military service, obtaining an education, mastering a profession, getting married, acquiring property, etc.

Social mobility is often facilitated turning points in the development of society: revolutions, wars, political upheavals, structural changes in the economy.

Question 7. Give examples of social mobility from various periods of world and domestic history.

Menshikov - from a seller of pies to a “semi-sovereign ruler” of Russia under Peter I.

M. M. Speransky - from a peasant turned into right hand emperor, then became governor.

Question 8. Name the channels of social mobility known to you. Which ones do you think play a particularly important role in modern society?

Those methods are considered as channels of social mobility - they are conventionally called “steps of the ladder”, “elevators” - using which people can move up and down in the social hierarchy. For the most part, such channels at different times were: political authorities and socio-political organizations, economic structures and professional labor organizations ( labor collectives, firms with a built-in system of industrial property, corporate institutions, etc.), as well as the army, church, school, family-clan ties.

These are channels for an individual’s transition from one social position to another within a social stratum. (marriage, career, education, family, etc.)

The choice of elevator (channel) for social mobility has great value when choosing a profession and recruiting personnel:

Religious organizations.

School and scientific organizations.

Political elevator, that is, government groups and parties.

Art.

Press, television, radio.

Economic organizations.

Family and marriage.

Question 9. Expand to specific examples social interests of various groups in society. How do these groups act to protect their interests?

Each social group is characterized by common interests for all its members. People's interests are based on their needs. However, interests are directed not so much at the subject of needs, but at those social conditions that make this subject accessible. First of all, this concerns material and spiritual benefits that ensure the satisfaction of needs.

Social interests are embodied in activity - its direction, character, results. So, from your history course you know about the interest of peasants and farmers in the results of their labor. This interest forces them to improve production and grow higher yields. In multinational states, different nations are interested in preserving their language and their traditions. These interests contribute to the opening of national schools and classes, the publication of books by national authors, and the emergence of cultural-national societies that organize a variety of activities for children and adults. By competing with each other, various groups of entrepreneurs defend their economic interests. Representatives of certain professions periodically declare their professional needs.

A social group is capable of realizing its interests and consciously acting in their defense.

The pursuit of social interests may lead a group to influence policy. Using a variety of means, a social group can influence the adoption by power structures of decisions that suit it. Such means may be letters and personal appeals of group representatives to authorities, speeches in media mass media, holding demonstrations, marches, rallies, picketing and other actions social protest. In every country there are laws that allow certain targeted actions of social groups in defense of their interests.

In an effort to satisfy their interests, various social forces often strive to gain power or gain the opportunity to participate in its implementation. Evidence of the struggle and compromise of various social interests is the activity of parliamentary groups when adopting the country's laws and other decisions.

Question 10. What is practical significance knowledge about the social structure of society?

The practical significance of knowledge about the social structure of society makes it possible to identify group diversity and determine the vertical sequence of the position of social layers, strata in society, and their hierarchy.

TASKS

Question 1. The US National Democratic Institute published methodological manual“How to win elections?” It recommends starting election campaign planning by studying social structure your constituency. What do you think caused this practical advice? How can the obtained data on the situation of various social groups in the district affect the election campaign?

Any campaign elected to a particular post through voting must first of all represent the interests of citizens. What interests should be represented? What worries, or conversely, pleases the population now, and what do they want in the future? Studying your target audience helps answer these questions. It will be easier to win elections because people will hear what they want to hear, but it will be fairer if they also see it in practice.

Question 2. A former worker started his own business and became an entrepreneur. What social phenomenon does this example illustrate?

This example illustrates the phenomenon of social mobility, i.e. the possibility of changing the social layer, in this case - from a lower to a higher one.

Presentation-simulator for preparing for the Unified State Exam in social studies in 2017-2018 academic year. Option 13.

Prepared by a teacher of history and social studies of the Municipal Educational Institution “Secondary School of the village. Perekopnoye, Ershovsky district Saratov region» named after Hero of the Soviet Union V.I. Kireev Ermakov Ivan Alexandrovich

№

examples

rationality

Answer:

№ 1. Write down the word missing in the table.

Features of scientific knowledge

examples

rationality

Empirical data acquire a scientific character only when they are included in a system of theoretical principles and conclusions

Any theoretical position or hypothesis must be justified

Features of scientific knowledge.

Answer: evidence.

№ 2.

Answer:

№ 2.

In the row below, find a concept that is generalizing for all other concepts presented. Write this word down.

Ability; makings; giftedness; talent; genius.

Answer: abilities.

№ 3.

Answer:

№ 3.

Below is a list of terms. All of them, with the exception of two, represent features of mass culture.

Commercial nature; 2) accessibility; 3) use of special effects; 4) entertaining in nature; 5) complexity of form and content; 6) a narrow circle of consumers.

Answer: 5 6

№ 4.

Answer:

№ 4.

Choose the correct statements about society and social change and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

Society is the totality of all forms of association of people and ways of their interaction.
Revolution as a form of social change, as a rule, is carried out on the initiative of the authorities.
The basis of the delimitation of spheres public life are the basic needs of society and people.
The humanistic nature of progress is associated with increased production and increased labor productivity.
Society represents complex system consisting of interconnected and interacting elements.

Answer: 1 3 5.

№ 5.

Forms of knowledge

A) perception

B) sensation

B) presentation

D) judgment

D) concept

Stages of cognition

sensory cognition
rational cognition

Answer: A B C D E

№ 5.

Establish a correspondence between the forms and stages of cognition: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

Forms of knowledge

A) perception

B) sensation

B) presentation

D) judgment

D) concept

Stages of cognition

sensory cognition
rational cognition

Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.

Answer: A B C D E

1 1 1 2 2

№ 6.

Buddhism
Shintoism
Christianity
Islam
Judaism
Taoism

Answer:

№ 6.

Imagine that you are helping a teacher prepare a presentation for a social studies lesson on the topic “Religion as a form (area) of spiritual culture.” One of the slides is called “World Religions.” Which of the following should be included on this slide? Write down the numbers under which these religions are listed.

Buddhism
Shintoism
Christianity
Islam
Judaism
Taoism

Answer: 1 3 4.

№ 7.

Answer:

№ 7.

Choose the correct judgments about the role of the state in the economy and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

In a market economy, the government sets prices for all goods and services.
The state, in market conditions, carries out centralized planning of production and consumption.
The state, in a market environment, satisfies the needs for public goods or public goods.
The state has a certain influence on the market economy when implementing monetary policy.
Government intervention in the economy is associated with imperfections in the market mechanism.

Answer: 3 4 5.

№ 8.

Factors

D) retraining of workers

Types of Economic Growth

intensive
extensive

Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.

Answer: A B C D E

№ 8.

Indicate the correspondence between factors and types of economic growth: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

Factors

A) increase in the number of service personnel

B) construction of new enterprises producing an existing range of products

B) expansion of cultivated areas

D) retraining of workers

D) replacement of outdated equipment with more modern ones

Types of Economic Growth

intensive
extensive

Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.

Answer: A B C D E

2 2 2 1 1

№ 9.

banknotes
coupons
bonds
stock

Answer:

№ 9.

Pyotr Fedorovich invests his savings in purchasing various securities. Find in the list below the securities that he can purchase in accordance with Civil Code RF, and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

investment unit of a mutual fund
property insurance contract
banknotes
coupons
bonds
stock

Answer: 1 5 6.

№

high fruit yield
healthy eating fashion

Answer:

№ 10. The graph shows the change in supply in the fresh produce market: the supply curve has moved from position S to position S1. P is the price of the product, Q is the quantity of the product.

Which of the following factors could cause this change? Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

increase in customs duties on fruit imports
increase in tariffs for freight transportation
decline in consumer income
high fruit yield
healthy eating fashion

Answer:4 5.

№ 11.

Answer:

№ 11.

Choose the correct judgments about the family and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

The reproductive function of the family is manifested in the provision of a certain social status family members, in the family’s role as a social elevator.
Family members are associated with a common life, mutual material and moral responsibility.
The family is one of the subjects of social control.
The family is called upon to create conditions for the physical, mental, emotional and intellectual development child.
The uniqueness of the family lies in the fact that it simultaneously represents both a social institution and a small social group.

Answer:2 3 4 5.

№

Answer:

№ 12. During a survey of adult citizens of countries Z and Y, they were asked the question: “To what extent does the state fulfill its responsibilities to citizens?” The results obtained (as a percentage of the number of respondents) are presented in the form of a diagram.

Find in the list below the conclusions that can be drawn from the diagram and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

The share of those who noted that the state fully fulfills its responsibilities to citizens is greater in country Z than in country Y.
Equal shares of surveyed residents of country Z noted that the state fully fulfills and does not fulfill its responsibilities to citizens at all.
In country Y, the share of those who noted that for the most part the state does not fulfill its responsibilities to citizens more share who noted that the state fully fulfills its responsibilities.
The share of those who noted that the state completely fails to fulfill its responsibilities to citizens is greater in country Z than in country Y.
The same proportions of respondents in both countries noted that the state equally fulfills and does not fulfill its responsibilities to citizens.

Answer: 1 2 3.

№ 13.

Answer:

№ 13.

Choose the correct statements about democracy and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

Democracy can fully function in a society with high level general and political culture.
Democracy is characterized by state control over private life citizens.
State power in a democracy can be considered legitimate if its formation and implementation is supported by the people in accordance with the rules of law through the free expression of the will of voters in free elections.
Democracy is characterized by the right of the minority to oppose while being subject to the decisions of the majority.
Democracy is characterized by the dominance of the ideology of one party in the political arena.

Answer: 1 3 4.

№ 14.

Functions

B) granting pardon

President of the Russian Federation
Government of the Russian Federation

Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.

Answer: A B C D E

№ 14.

Establish a correspondence between the functions and the subjects of state power of the Russian Federation that perform them: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

Functions

A) management of federal property

B) development of presentation to the State Duma of the federal budget

B) granting pardon

D) resolving issues of granting political asylum

D) implementation of measures to ensure the defense of the country

Subjects of state power of the Russian Federation

President of the Russian Federation
Government of the Russian Federation

Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.

Answer: A B C D E

2 2 1 1 2

№ 15.

ruling
conservative
opposition
liberal
massive
personnel

Answer:

№ 15.

A new political party was registered in State Z. It has a central office and regional branches, as well as many permanent members. The party stands for the preservation traditional values, defends the need to adapt any changes in society to traditional institutions. During the elections, the political party gained required quantity votes and received a majority of seats in parliament. Which of the following characterizes the type of political party described in this situation? Write down the numbers under which the correct characteristics are indicated.

ruling
conservative
opposition
liberal
massive
personnel

Answer: 1 2 5.

№ 16.

Answer:

№ 16.

Select from the list given the sentences that characterize the foundations of the constitutional system of the Russian Federation, and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

In relations with federal government bodies, all subjects of the Russian Federation have equal rights.
The bearer of sovereignty and the only source of power in the Russian Federation is its multinational people.
A citizen is liable for his obligations with all the property belonging to him, with the exception of property that cannot be foreclosed on in accordance with the law.
Unreasonable refusal to conclude employment contract prohibited.
Earth and others natural resources may be in private, state, municipal and other forms of ownership.

Answer: 1 2 5.

№ 17.

Answer:

№ 17.

Choose the correct judgments about the bodies called upon to protect the rights of citizens of the Russian Federation, and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

One of the functions of law enforcement agencies is to strengthen law and order.
Law enforcement agencies take part in creating a taxation system.
The internal affairs bodies are entrusted with the task of identifying and investigating crimes.
Lawyers provide legal assistance and defense in criminal cases.
United centralized system Federal bodies that oversee the accurate and uniform implementation of laws are called the police.

Answer: 1 3 4.

№ 18.

A) public funds

D) religious organizations

Species legal entities

commercial
non-profit

Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.

Answer: A B C D E

№ 18.

Establish a correspondence between organizational and legal forms and types of legal entities: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

Organizational and legal forms of legal entities

A) public funds

B) business partnerships

B) production cooperatives

D) state unitary enterprises

D) religious organizations

Types of legal entities

commercial
non-profit

Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.

Answer: A B C D E

2 1 1 1 2

№ 19.

Buy an apartment
Sell a car

Answer:

№ 19.

Artyom is 14 years old. Find in the list of actions that he, in accordance with the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, can independently carry out. Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

Set aside part of your scholarship to buy a gift for your little sister.
Deposit money donated by parents into a bank account
Manage wages received at summer labor camp
Buy an apartment
Sell a car
Exercise the rights of the author of the created musical work

Answer: 1 2 3 6.

№ 20.

Fill in the missing words:

Words:

certain deadlines

Answer: A B C D E E

№ 20.

Fill in the missing words:

“A marriage contract is an agreement between the persons entering into marriage, or an agreement between the spouses, defining ____(A) spouses in marriage and (or) in the event of its dissolution. A marriage contract can be concluded both before state registration__(B) and at any time during the marriage. The marriage contract is concluded in writing and is subject to _____(B). By means of a marriage contract, spouses have the right to change the statutory _____(G) and establish a regime of joint, shared or separate ownership of all property of the spouses. The rights and obligations provided for in a marriage contract may be limited _____(D) or made dependent on the occurrence or non-occurrence of certain conditions. A marriage contract cannot limit the legal capacity or capacity of the spouses, their right to go to court to protect their rights; regulate____(E), the rights and obligations of spouses in relation to children.”

Words:

joint property regime 6) marriage
personal non-property relations 7) property rights and obligations
time restrictions 8) divorce
notarization 9) medical examination.
certain deadlines

Answer: A B C D E E

7 6 4 1 5 2

Part 2.

The primary element of the system of constitutional law is the legal norm - the initial particle of the branch of law. If there are objective prerequisites, the norms are integrated into the institutions of constitutional law. An institution is a group, a complex of interrelated norms of constitutional law that regulate a certain type of similar, similar in content, related social relations. It includes not only norms and rules of behavior, but also constituent (initial) norms that participate in systemic interaction in the process of constitutional legal regulation public relations.

Part 2.

Legal norms establishing the supreme legal force of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, its direct action in legal-forming significance, criteria for the constitutionality of legal acts and their enforcement, the relationship between national and international law.

Part 2.

The institution of a federal structure, the state, combines in its composition the constitutional and legal norms that determine the status of Russian Federation and its subjects, the sovereignty of the state and its symbols, the delimitation of jurisdiction and powers between the state authorities of the Federation and its subjects, the procedure for admission into the Russian Federation and the formation of a new subject within it, the composition of the territory of the state, the constitutional basis of the state border regime and the borders between the subjects of the Russian Federation , a single economic, currency and customs space throughout Russia.

Part 2.

The institution of presidential power includes, as its elements, legal norms that establish the status of the President of the Russian Federation, the procedure for his assumption of office, the powers of the President of the Russian Federation as the head of state, the guarantor of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the rights and freedoms of man and citizen, Supreme Commander-in-Chief The Armed Forces of Russia, the immunity of the President of the Russian Federation, the grounds for early termination of the exercise of his powers, the types of legal regulations issued by the President of the Russian Federation on issues within his competence. These norms are contained both in a special chapter of the Constitution of the Russian Federation and in its subsequent chapters.

Part 2.

The structure of the institution of legislative power is formed by legal norms establishing the status of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, the procedure for its interaction with other state bodies, general principles organization of the system of legislative (representative) bodies of state power of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Part 2.

The Institute of Executive Power of the Constitutional Law of Russia consists of legal norms that establish the basis for the formation of a unified system of executive power in the Russian Federation and its structure, the status of the Government of the Russian Federation, the general principles of the organization of executive bodies of state power of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

The institution of judicial power integrated constitutional and legal norms that establish the legal definition of the judicial power, its basic principles, the system of federal judicial bodies, the procedure for their organization and activities, the mechanism for appointing judges, their status and legal guarantees of independence in the administration of justice.

(A.I. Kazannik, A.N. Kostyukov)

№ 21.

What three elements of a system of constitutional law are mentioned in the text? What legal properties (features) of the Constitution of the Russian Federation are established by constitutional law?

Answer:

legal norm, institution of constitutional law, branch of law;
the highest legal force of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, its direct effect and legal significance.

№ 22.

The implementation of what foundations of the constitutional system of Russia is ensured by the institutions discussed in the text? Using the text and social science knowledge, identify any three foundations of the constitutional order and the corresponding institutions.

№ 22.

Answer:

Russia is a federal state, the federal structure of the Russian Federation is based on its state integrity, the unity of the system of state power, the delimitation of jurisdiction and powers between the government bodies of the Russian Federation and the government bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation (the institution of the federal structure);
state power in the Russian Federation is exercised on the basis of division into legislative, executive and judicial (institution of legislative power, institute of executive power, institute of judicial power);
The source of power in the Russian Federation is its multinational people (the institution of legislative power, the institution of presidential power).

№ 23.

Using social science knowledge and facts of public life, illustrate with examples the order of interaction of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation a) with the President of the Russian Federation; b) with the Government of the Russian Federation; c) with the judicial authorities of the Russian Federation.

№ 23.

Answer:

a) the plenipotentiary representative of the President of the Russian Federation in the State Duma presented draft law Z introduced by the President of the Russian Federation; after the bill was adopted by the Duma, it was sent to the Federation Council;

b) The Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation made a report at the parliamentary hour in the State Duma, and then met with members of the Federation Council Committee on the Budget and Financial Markets;

c) The Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation recognized the law adopted by the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation as constitutional.

№ 24.

The text states that constitutional law establishes the relationship between national and international law. Using the text, social science knowledge, and facts of social life, give three explanations for why this ratio needs to be specifically adjusted.

№ 24.

Answer:

The state ratifies various legal conventions, the content of which may not correspond to the current norms of national legislation; accordingly, changes in national legislation and a certain preparatory period may be required;
Subjects of law are engaged in entrepreneurial activities not only in the country, but abroad, and conduct joint business with foreign enterprises; in these conditions, a clearly established relationship between national and international law is necessary;
Citizens and companies have the right to certain conditions protect their interests in international courts, therefore it is necessary to establish a legal framework for the validity of decisions of international courts.

№ 25.

What meaning do social scientists give to the concept of “wages”? Drawing on knowledge from the social science course, compose two sentences: one sentence containing information about the forms wages, and one sentence covering any of the reasons for persistent differences in worker pay.

№ 25.

Answer:

1) Payment for labor services provided by employees;

2) There are payments in the form of salary, piecework and bonus forms of remuneration;

3) One of the reasons for persistent differences in wages is the different qualifications of workers.

№ 26.

What institutions (organizations, groups), besides the family, are involved in the socialization of the individual? Name any three institutions (organizations, groups) and give an example of the influence of each of them on the socialization of the individual.

Answer:

School (first grader learns to maintain discipline in class and do homework);
A company of friends (from friends a person learns about important events, new music and cinema, receives everyday information);
Media (by disseminating information about various events in the country and the world, public figures, the media influence the formation of public and individual consciousness).

№ 27.

In country Z, the government is formed by the political party (bloc of parties) that wins the elections. Deputy seats (mandates) are distributed in proportion to the votes cast for lists of candidates from parties that have overcome the 7 percent threshold. What type of electoral system is country Z? Name two advantages and two disadvantages of this electoral system.

№ 27.

Answer:

Proportional electoral system;
Advantages:

-assumes active work political parties, including opposition ones;

-stability of political elites, the pursued political course;

3) disadvantages:

There is no personal responsibility of parliamentarians to voters, there is no mechanism for recalling deputies by the population;

-as a rule, small parties that are unable to overcome the electoral threshold are not represented in parliament;

-the emergence of new political leaders and the renewal of elites is difficult.

№ 28.

You are instructed to prepare a detailed answer on the topic “The problem of social stratification.” Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic. The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in subparagraphs.

№ 28.

Answer:

What is social stratification.
Criteria for social stratification:

a) power;

b) income and wealth;

c) prestige of the profession;

d) level of education.

3) Historical stratification system:

a) slavery;

b) castes;

c) classes;

d) classes.

4) Social stratification and social inequality.

Literature used.

Single state exam. Social science. Typical exam options. O.A.Kotova, T.E. Lisova. Publishing house National Education. Moscow. 2018

How to properly prepare for social studies:

Constant practice is required.
- Special attention pay attention to the Unified State Exam in Social Studies 2019. The demo version from FIPI will help you understand the structure of the ticket and understand the requirements. will guide you on what topics you need to study.
- Prepared for the solution 10 training options with answers. They are developed by teachers based on demo version.
- The more tests are solved, the higher the preparedness will be, as the memorization mechanism is triggered. Don't be lazy to work on your mistakes. Decide online tests every week until you make mistakes. Registered users on the site can track statistics of solved tests.
Manage your time correctly to solve practice tests to get the maximum number of points.
- Tasks 1-3 and 10 are solved in 1-4 minutes;
- Tasks 4-9 and 11-28 are given from 2 to 8 minutes;
- Tasks 29 - 45 minutes.
Working with text

Converting points to grades

0-41 points - “unsatisfactory”;
42-54 points - “C”;
55-66 points – “good”;
67 points and above - “excellent”.

The minimum is 42, and the maximum is 100.

The Unified State Exam test in social studies consists of:

Part 1– of 20 problems, with a short answer in the form of a word, several words or numbers. Half of the tasks relate to basic level, the other part to increased. The first part is worth 35 primary points.
Part 2– of 9 problems, with a detailed answer. Tasks 21 and 22 are basic, and from 23 to 29 are of increased complexity and are worth 30 points. Look with a detailed answer in social studies.

Remember!

In 2019, the social studies exam will take 235 minutes (3 hours 55 minutes).
It is forbidden to take with you foreign objects (cheat sheets, smartphones, headphones, smart watches, etc.).
On the last day before the exam, review the material covered and review the solved options again.

We analyze tasks 4, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 16, 18 Unified State Exam in social studies

Test tasks 4, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 16, 18 Unified State Examination in social studies tests knowledge different topics. It was due to the expansion of such tasks that the Unified State Exam test in 2016. These tasks can test any sphere of social life and consist of several answers. Exact quantity There are no correct answers. And this circumstance is another difficulty of these tasks.

Let's talk about the technology for completing tasks 4, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 16, 18 of the Unified State Exam in social studies. Each task is assessed with two primary points, which is not small. If you make 1 mistake, then 1 initial point is given. If you make more than 1 mistake, no points will be given.So, let’s look at a few of these tasks and give valuable recommendations.

This task refers us to, or rather to the types of culture that can be observed via the link. In this task you need to choose signs of popular culture.

Of course it will be here The correct answer is number 1: “The media presented the television series as a successful commercial project”

Since works of mass culture, as you well know, sell well... at least better than works of other types of culture. Well, where do you go more often, what do you pay for: for a movie in a cinema, or a concert of musical folk instruments? I think the answer is obvious!

Therefore, marking the answer number 2 is not an option!

Option 3 is also incorrect, since self-expression is the main goal in an elite culture. But answer 4 to this Unified State Exam assignment in social studies will be correct: the television series is designed for average consumer taste. After all, the taste of the average person, for whom mass culture is designed, is not very refined. What do the people need? Panem et circenses - bread and circuses! That is why Channel One constantly plays all sorts of shows - this is the social demand of the population!

The fifth option is focused on elite culture, not mass culture. If it is still not clear why, I recommend purchasing mine video course “Social studies: Unified State Exam for 100 points” , in which I explain everything clearly and hand-in-hand.

And the last correct option: number 6 “Understanding a television series does not require special preparation”. In fact, the everyday life of a city hospital can be understood without special preparation: we sometimes go there ourselves! 🙂 These everyday life in the television series are also extremely embellished... I wrote about the real everyday life of a city hospital)

Therefore, the correct options would be: 1,4,6

From the analysis of this task Unified State Exam in Social Studies it flows out my first recommendation: you need to know well the signs of certain phenomena, from different areas life of society!

Let's analyze one more task from options 4, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 16, 18 Unified State Exam in social studies:

This task is a little more difficult than the previous one. What's the difficulty? In understanding the task: you need to select the characteristics of the state as a central political institution. That is: how does the state differ from other institutions!

Having correctly understood the meaning of the task, we will choose the correct answers:

1 - has the highest concentration of power;

2 - establishes generally binding norms; (that is, makes laws)

5 - regulates the activities of citizens in a certain territory.

Other options may be typical for others social institutions, but we need to choose the characteristics that distinguish the state!

This is a kind of secret, and I am freely revealing it here... If you want to get acquainted with the topic in more detail, read my post, and about the article

From this assignment Unified State Exam in Social Studies This leads to my second recommendation: read the question carefully and understand what you are being asked about!

Let's analyze the third difficult task of type 4, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 16, 18 Unified State Exam in social studies:

The task tests the topic of consciousness and activity. Requires you to choose the means of entering the university, that is, the means of activity. I have never openly discussed the topic of consciousness and activity. An analysis of the topic can be viewed in my video course on preparation for Unified State Exam in Social Studies .

But we will automatically determine the correct answers in this task:

2 — classes in an art studio;

3 - study of mathematics;

5 — experience in creating your own works.

All these funds will help Ivan enter the university for his chosen specialty, and since it has been chosen, answer number 6 will be incorrect, like the rest.

In future articles we will continue to analyze difficult tasks. Moreover, I will make short video tutorials for Part B, so don’t miss it either!

Also, don’t forget to solve this task yourself Unified State Exam in Social Studies:

Answers can and should be written in the comments!