How tall is Alexander 1. About the personal and private life of Nicholas I

Emperor Nicholas 1st was born on June 25 (July 6), 1796. He was the third son of Paul the 1st and Maria Feodorovna. He received a good education, but did not recognize the humanities. He was versed in the art of war and fortification. He was good at engineering. However, despite this, the king was not loved in the army. Cruel corporal punishment and coldness led to the fact that his nickname Nikolai Palkin was fixed among the soldiers.

In 1817 Nicholas married the Prussian princess Frederick-Louise-Charlotte-Wilhelmine.

Alexandra Fedorovna, wife of Nicholas 1st, possessing amazing beauty, became the mother of the future emperor - Alexander 2nd.

Nicholas 1st ascended the throne after the death of his elder brother Alexander 1st. Constantine, the second pretender to the throne, renounced his rights during the life of his older brother. Nicholas 1st did not know about this and at first swore allegiance to Constantine. This short period would later be called the interregnum. Although the manifesto on the accession to the throne of Nicholas 1 was issued on December 13 (25), 1825, legally the reign of Nicholas 1 began on November 19 (December 1). And the first day was darkened by Senate Square. The uprising was crushed, and its leaders were executed in 1826. But Tsar Nicholas 1st saw the need for reform social order. He decided to give the country clear laws, while relying on bureaucracy, since trust in the nobility was undermined.

The domestic policy of Nicholas 1 was characterized by extreme conservatism. The slightest manifestations of free thought were suppressed. He defended autocracy with all his might. secret office under the leadership of Benckendorff, she was engaged in political investigation. After the release of the censorship charter in 1826, all printed publications with the slightest political overtones were banned. Russia under Nicholas 1st quite strongly resembled the country of the era.

The reforms of Nicholas 1 were limited. Legislation has been streamlined. Under his leadership, the publication of the Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire began. Kiselev carried out a reform of the management of state peasants. Peasants were allotted land when they moved to uninhabited areas, first-aid posts were built in the villages, and innovations in agricultural technology were introduced. But this happened by force and caused sharp discontent. In 1839-1843. a financial reform was also carried out, which established the ratio between the silver ruble and banknotes. But the question of serfdom remained unresolved.

The foreign policy of Nicholas 1 pursued the same goals as the domestic policy. During the reign of Nicholas I, Russia fought the revolution not only within the country, but also outside it. In 1826-1828. As a result of the Russian-Iranian war, Armenia was annexed to the territory of the country. Nicholas 1st condemned revolutionary processes in Europe. In 1849 he sent Paskevich's army to crush the Hungarian revolution. In 1853 Russia entered into

The future Emperor Nicholas I, the third son of Emperor Paul I and Empress Maria Feodorovna, was born on July 6 (June 25, Old Style), 1796, in Tsarskoe Selo (Pushkin).

As a child, Nikolai was very fond of military toys, and in 1799 for the first time he put on the military uniform of the Life Guards Horse Regiment, of which he was the chief from infancy. To serve, according to the traditions of that time, Nikolai began at the age of six months, when he received the rank of colonel. It was prepared primarily for military career.

Baroness Charlotte Karlovna von Lieven was engaged in the upbringing of Nikolai, since 1801 General Lamzdorf was entrusted with the supervision of the upbringing of Nikolai. Among other teachers were the economist Storch, the historian Adelung, the lawyer Balugyansky, who failed to interest Nikolai in their subjects. He was good at engineering and fortification. Nicholas's education was limited mainly to the military sciences.

However, the emperor young years he drew well, had a good artistic taste, was very fond of music, played the flute well, was a fine connoisseur of opera and ballet art.

Married July 1, 1817 to the daughter of the Prussian king Friedrich Wilhelm III German Princess Friederike-Louise-Charlotte-Wilhelmina, who converted to Orthodoxy and became Grand Duchess Alexandra Feodorovna, Grand Duke lived a happy family life without taking part in public affairs. Prior to his accession to the throne, he commanded a division of the Guards and served (since 1817) as an inspector general for engineering. Already in this rank, he showed great concern for military educational institutions: on his initiative, company and battalion schools were established in the engineering troops, and in 1819 the Main Engineering School (now the Nikolaev Engineering Academy) was established; It was his initiative that the "School of Guards Ensigns" (now the Nikolaev Cavalry School) owes its appearance.

An excellent memory, which helped him to recognize by sight and remember by name even ordinary soldiers, won him great popularity in the army. The emperor was distinguished by considerable personal courage. When a cholera riot broke out in the capital, on June 23, 1831, he rode in a carriage to the crowd of five thousand that had gathered on Sennaya Square and stopped the riots. He also stopped the unrest in the Novgorod military settlements, caused by the same cholera. The emperor showed extraordinary courage and determination during the fire of the Winter Palace on December 17, 1837.

The idol of Nicholas I was Peter I. Extremely unpretentious in everyday life, Nicholas, already an emperor, slept on a hard camp bed, hiding himself in an ordinary overcoat, observed moderation in food, preferring the simplest food, and hardly drank alcohol. He was very disciplined, worked 18 hours a day.

Under Nicholas I, the centralization of the bureaucratic apparatus was strengthened, a code of laws of the Russian Empire was drawn up, new censorship charters were introduced (1826 and 1828). In 1837, traffic was opened on the first Tsarskoye Selo railway in Russia. The Polish uprising of 1830-1831, the revolution in Hungary of 1848-1849 were suppressed.

During the reign of Nicholas I, the Narva Gates, the Trinity (Izmailovsky) Cathedral, the buildings of the Senate and the Synod, the Alexandria Column, the Mikhailovsky Theater, the building of the Nobility Assembly, the New Hermitage were erected, the Anichkov Bridge was reconstructed, the Annunciation Bridge across the Neva (Lieutenant Schmidt Bridge), the end pavement was laid on Nevsky prospect.

important party foreign policy Nicholas I was a return to the principles of the Holy Alliance. The emperor sought a favorable regime for Russia in the Black Sea straits, in 1829 peace was concluded in Andrianopol, according to which Russia received the eastern coast of the Black Sea. During the reign of Nicholas I, Russia participated in the Caucasian War of 1817-1864, the Russo-Persian War of 1826-1828, the Russo-Turkish War of 1828-1829, and the Crimean War of 1853-1856.

Nicholas I died on March 2 (February 18, O.S.), 1855, according to official version- from a cold. He was buried in the Cathedral of the Peter and Paul Fortress.

The emperor had seven children: Emperor Alexander II; Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna, married Duchess of Leuchtenberg; Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna, married Queen of Württemberg; Grand Duchess Alexandra Nikolaevna, wife of Prince Friedrich of Hesse-Kassel; Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolaevich; Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolaevich; Grand Duke Mikhail Nikolaevich

The material was prepared on the basis of information from open sources

Emperor of All Russia in 1825-1855.

Grand Duke Nikolai Pavlovich was born in Tsarskoye Selo (now) on June 25 (July 6), 1796. He was the third son of Tsarevich Pavel Petrovich, the future emperor.

In 1800, Grand Duke Nikolai Pavlovich, together with his brother Mikhail, was entrusted with the supervision of the director of the 1st cadet corps Count V. N. Lamzdorf, who gave his ward a pedantically harsh military education. Nikolai Pavlovich's attraction to military affairs developed early and was supported by the whole environment of life around him.

On July 1 (12), 1817, the Grand Duke married the eldest daughter of the Prussian king, Princess Louise Charlotte, who adopted the name Alexandra Feodorovna in Orthodoxy. On April 17 (29), 1818, Grand Duke Alexander Nikolayevich, the future emperor, was born in their family.

In 1817, Nikolai Pavlovich was appointed inspector general for engineering. From 1823 he commanded the 1st Guards Division. In the spring of 1825, when he was leaving for Warsaw, Nikolai Pavlovich was left temporarily interceding for the emperor in matters of supreme administration.

After the death of Emperor Alexander I, Tsarevich Konstantin Pavlovich was supposed to inherit the throne, but, as it turned out during the days of mourning, he abdicated as early as 1822. However, before the confirmation of his abdication, the oath to Konstantin Pavlovich as emperor was carried out throughout the country.

Uncertainty with the succession to the throne created a favorable situation for the performance of the Decembrists. The publication of the manifesto on the accession to the throne of Nicholas I on December 14 (26), 1825, coincided with the exit to the Senate Square military units the capital's garrison, led by conspirators. The confident actions of the young emperor and his supporters, as well as the indecision of the leaders of the uprising, predetermined his defeat.

Emperor Nicholas I was crowned on August 22 (September 3), 1826. In 1829, in Warsaw, he was crowned constitutional monarch of the Kingdom of Poland.

At the beginning of his reign, Nicholas I sought to reform the existing state institutions. In 1826-1830, a special secret committee, chaired by Count V.P. Kochubey, worked, which, with the participation of the emperor, was considering ways to modernize government controlled. Some of the committee's projects were later brought to life, but most were never implemented.

Nicholas I paid close attention to the codification of Russian legislation. In 1826, to solve this problem, the Second Department was formed as part of His Imperial Majesty's Own Chancellery. The leadership of this work was entrusted to a member of the State Council. Its result was a 45-volume chronological collection of Russian laws published in 1830 from the Code of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich to the last decree of Emperor Alexander I - complete collection laws of the Russian Empire, subsequently replenished with all newly issued acts. In 1832, the Second Department prepared for publication a complete set of laws in force in the empire in 15 volumes.

The most important question domestic policy Nicholas I was a peasant. The emperor understood the need to abolish serfdom, but could not carry it out because of the opposition of the nobility and fear of a "general shock". Because of this, he limited himself to ineffective measures, such as the issuance of a law on indebted peasants, and the partial reform of state peasants. However, despite the policy of conservation of existing feudal institutions, the course of development of society objectively led the government to take actions that contributed to economic development: the creation of manufacturing and commercial councils, the organization of industrial exhibitions, the opening of higher educational institutions, including technical ones.

In 1826, Nicholas I formed the Third Section of His Majesty's Own Chancellery, which was under the command of the chief of gendarmes and dealt with the affairs of the highest police, both observational and preventive. With this new institution, the emperor wished to strengthen his direct supervision over the protection of the legitimate rights, honor and tranquility of his subjects. In fact, it has become a secret political police department.

Nicholas I brutally suppressed separatist movements on the national outskirts of the empire. The years of his reign account for most of the fighting in the Caucasian War of 1817-1864. The Polish uprising of 1830-1831 ended with the complete defeat of the rebels and the liquidation of the autonomy of the Kingdom of Poland.

The foreign policy of Nicholas I was characterized by the continuation of traditional Russian expansion in the southern and eastern directions. The Russo-Persian war of 1826-1828 ended with the Turkmenchay peace, according to which Russia gained the Erivan and Nakhichevan regions. Russo-Turkish War 1828-1829, which served as a prelude to the Battle of Navarino in 1827, ended with the Peace of Andrianopol, according to which Greece gained independence, and Russia held part of Bessarabia and in the eastern theater of the war - fortresses, Akhaltsykh, Akhalkalaki and Poti. The government of Nicholas I pursued a policy of energetic territorial expansion in Central Asia and Kazakhstan.

An important aspect of the foreign policy of Nicholas I was the return to the principles of the Holy Alliance, proclaimed in 1833 after the official entry into allied relations with the Emperor of Austria and the King of Prussia to fight the revolutionary movement in Europe. Implementing the principles of this union, Nicholas I in 1848 broke diplomatic relations with France, undertook an invasion of the Danubian principalities, took an active part in the brutal suppression of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848-1849.

The main direction of the foreign policy of the state under Nicholas I was the solution of the so-called. Eastern question. Its essence was to ensure a favorable regime for Russia in the Black Sea straits, which was extremely important both for the security of the southern borders and for economic development states. The Unkyar-Iskelesi Treaty of 1833 became a stage in achieving this goal. The desire to solve the Eastern Question by dividing ottoman empire gave rise to the beginning of the Crimean War of 1853-1856. Unsuccessful participation in this conflict for Russia was one of the reasons for the collapse of the Nikolaev political system and the death of the emperor himself.

Emperor Nicholas I died in the Winter Palace on February 18 (March 2), 1855. His reign entered the history of Russia as the period of the highest flowering of absolute monarchy in its military-bureaucratic form.

Nikolai Pavlovich Romanov, the future Emperor Nicholas I, was born on July 6 (June 25, O.S.) 1796 in Tsarskoye Selo. He became the third son of Emperor Paul I and Empress Maria Feodorovna. Nicholas was not the eldest son and therefore did not claim the throne. He was supposed to devote himself to a military career. At the age of six months, the boy received the rank of colonel, and at the age of three he already flaunted in the uniform of the Life Guards Horse Regiment.

Responsibility for the upbringing of Nikolai and his younger brother Mikhail was assigned to General Lamzdorf. Home education consisted of the study of economics, history, geography, law, engineering and fortification. Particular emphasis was placed on the study foreign languages: French, German and Latin. Humanitarian sciences Nicholas was not particularly pleased, but everything that was connected with engineering and military affairs attracted his attention. As a child, Nikolai mastered the flute and took drawing lessons, and this familiarity with art allowed him to be considered a connoisseur of opera and ballet in the future.

In July 1817, the wedding of Nikolai Pavlovich took place with Princess Friederike Louise Charlotte Wilhelmina of Prussia, who after baptism took the name Alexandra Feodorovna. And from that time on, the Grand Duke began to take an active part in the arrangement Russian troops. He was in charge of the engineering departments, under his leadership were created educational establishments in companies and battalions. In 1819, with his assistance, the Main Engineering School and schools for guards ensigns were opened. Nevertheless, he was disliked in the army for his excessive pedantry and pickiness to trifles.

In 1820, a turning point occurred in the biography of the future Emperor Nicholas I: his elder brother Alexander I announced that in connection with the refusal of the heir to the throne, Constantine, the right to reign was transferred to Nicholas. For Nikolai Pavlovich, the news came as a shock, he was not ready for this. Despite the protests of his younger brother, Alexander I secured this right with a special manifesto.

However, on December 1 (November 19, O.S.), 1825, Emperor Alexander I suddenly died. Nicholas again tried to give up his reign and shift the burden of power to Constantine. Only after the publication of the royal manifesto, indicating the heir of Nikolai Pavlovich, did he have to agree with the will of Alexander I.

The date of the oath before the troops on Senate Square was December 26 (December 14 according to the old style). It was this date that became decisive in the speech of the participants in various secret societies, which went down in history as the Decembrist uprising.

The plan of the revolutionaries was not implemented, the army did not support the rebels, and the uprising was suppressed. After the trial, five leaders of the uprising were executed, and a large number of participants and sympathizers went into exile. The reign of Nicholas I began very dramatically, but there were no other executions during his reign.

The crowning of the kingdom took place on August 22, 1826 in the Assumption Cathedral of the Kremlin, and in May 1829 the new emperor assumed the rights of autocrat of the Polish kingdom.

The first steps of Nicholas I in politics were quite liberal: A. S. Pushkin returned from exile, V. A. Zhukovsky became the mentor of the heir; Nicholas's liberal views are also indicated by the fact that the Ministry of State Property was headed by P. D. Kiselev, who was not a supporter of serfdom.

Nevertheless, history has shown that the new emperor was an ardent supporter of the monarchy. Its main slogan, which determined state policy, was expressed in three postulates: autocracy, Orthodoxy and nationality. The main thing that Nicholas I strove for and achieved with his policy was not to create something new and better, but to preserve and improve the existing order.

The emperor's desire for conservatism and blind adherence to the letter of the law led to the development of an even greater bureaucracy in the country. In fact, a whole bureaucratic state was created, the ideas of which continue to live to this day. The most severe censorship was introduced, a division of the Secret Chancellery was created, headed by Benckendorff, which conducted a political investigation. A very close observation of the printing business was established.

During the reign of Nicholas I, some changes also affected the existing serfdom. Uncultivated lands in Siberia and the Urals began to be developed, peasants were sent to their rise, regardless of desire. Infrastructure was created on the new lands, the peasants were supplied with new agricultural equipment.

Under Nicholas I, the first Railway. Track Russian roads was wider than European, which contributed to the development of domestic technology.

The reform of finance began, which was supposed to introduce a unified system of calculation silver coins and banknotes.

A special place in the policy of the tsar was occupied by concern about the penetration of liberal ideas into Russia. Nicholas I sought to destroy any dissent not only in Russia, but throughout Europe. Without the Russian tsar, the suppression of all kinds of uprisings and revolutionary riots was not complete. As a result, he received the well-deserved nickname "the gendarme of Europe."

All the years of the reign of Nicholas I are filled with military operations abroad. 1826-1828 - Russian-Persian war, 1828-1829 - Russian-Turkish war, 1830 - suppression of the Polish uprising by Russian troops. In 1833, the Unkar-Iskelesi Treaty was signed, which became highest point Russian influence on Constantinople. Russia received the right to block the passage of foreign ships to the Black Sea. True, this right was soon lost as a result of the conclusion of the Second London Convention in 1841. 1849 - Russia is an active participant in the suppression of the uprising in Hungary.

The culmination of the reign of Nicholas I was Crimean War. It was she who was the collapse political career emperor. He did not expect that Great Britain and France would come to the aid of Turkey. The policy of Austria also aroused fear, the unfriendliness of which forced Russian empire keep a whole army on the western borders.

As a result, Russia lost its influence in the Black Sea, lost the opportunity to build and use military fortresses on the coast.

In 1855, Nicholas I fell ill with the flu, but, despite being unwell, in February he went to a military parade without outerwear... The emperor died on March 2, 1855.

Now about his other two sons - Konstantin and Nikolai and their two branches - "Konstantinovichi" and "Nikolaevichi". Both had two marriages, like their brother Emperor Alexander II, but both Konstantin and Nicholas had a second marriage with ballerinas.

Nikolai Nikolaevich (1831-1891) and Konstantin Nikolaevich (1827-1892)

Moreover, Nikolai did not register his second marriage, but cohabited without terminating the marriage with his first wife, by the way, who became a saint. More on this later, and now a little about the three daughters of Nicholas I - Olga, Maria, Alexander.

Olga Nikolaevna (1822-1892) Maria Nikolaevna (1819-1876) Alexandra Nikolaevna (1825-1844)

Maria Nikolaevna (August 18, 1819 - February 21, 1876) - the first mistress of the Mariinsky Palace in St. Petersburg, president of the Imperial Academy of Arts in 1852-1876. She was the eldest daughter and second child in the family of Grand Duke Nikolai Pavlovich and Grand Duchess Alexandra Fedorovna. Unlike many princesses of that time, whose marriages were for dynastic reasons, Maria Nikolaevna married for love. Married to the Duchess of Leuchtenberg. Despite the origin of Maximilian and his religion (he was a Catholic), Nicholas I agreed to marry his daughter with him, on the condition that the spouses would live in Russia, and not abroad.

The wedding took place on July 2, 1839 and took place according to two rites: Orthodox and Catholic. By decree of July 2 (14), 1839, the emperor granted Maximilian the title of His Imperial Highness, and by decree of December 6 (18), 1852, he bestowed the title and surname of the Romanovsky princes on the descendants of Maximilian and Maria Nikolaevna. The children of Maximilian and Maria Nikolaevna were baptized into Orthodoxy and brought up at the court of Nicholas I, later Emperor Alexander II included them in the Russian Imperial family. From this marriage, Maria Nikolaevna had 7 children: Alexandra, Maria, Nikolai, Evgenia, Eugene, Sergey, George.

Of them daughter Evgenia gave birth to an only child - Peter of Oldenburg. The one with whom the sister of Nicholas II Olga lived in an unhappy marriage for 7 years. Another daughter Maria , married the elder brother of Grand Duchess Olga Feodorovna, whom I already wrote about. But the daughter of Maria Nikolaevna - Alexandra died in infancy. Granddaughter of Maria Nikolaevna from her son, whose name is Evgeniy , was shot by the Bolsheviks. George - the only one of the brothers entered into a dynastic marriage, but his two sons did not leave offspring, so the family stopped.

Son of Maria Nikolaevna Nicholas in 1868 in Bavaria joined morganatic marriage with Nadezhda Sergeevna Annenkova, in her first marriage - Akinfova (1840-1891), which caused displeasure of the emperor. The Duke of Leuchtenberg was forced to leave Russia. This union was recognized as legal only 11 years later, and Nadezhda Sergeevna, by decree of Emperor Alexander II, received the title of Countess of Beauharnais in 1879. They had two children - George and Nicholas.
Sergey, son of Maria Nikolaevna, was not married, left no offspring. Sergei Maksimilianovich was killed by a bullet wound to the head. Prince Romanovsky became the first member of the Russian Imperial House to die in the war. He is buried in the Grand Duke's tomb in the Peter and Paul Cathedral. A chapel was built in his memory in the name of St. Sergius Radonezhsky in the Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord in Lesnoy.

Maria Nikolaevna's first husband, Maximilian, died at the age of 35, and she remarried in 1853 to Count Grigory Alexandrovich Stroganov (1823-1878). The wedding was performed on November 13 (25), 1853 in the palace church of the Mariinsky Palace, the priest of the Trinity Church of the Gostilitsky estate of Tatyana Borisovna Potemkina, John Stefanov. This marriage was morganatic, concluded in secret from the father of Maria Nikolaevna, Emperor Nicholas I, with the assistance of the heir and his wife. From this marriage, Mary has two more children - Gregory and Elena.

Olga Nikolaevna, the second daughter of Nicholas I was born in the Anichkov Palace on August 30 (September 11), 1822 and was the third child in the family of Emperor Nicholas I and Alexandra Feodorovna. By mother, Princess Olga came from a Prussian royal house Hohenzollern. Her grandfather and great-grandfather were the kings of Prussia Friedrich Wilhelm II and Friedrich Wilhelm III. Attractive, educated, multilingual, passionate about playing the piano and painting, Olga was regarded as one of the best brides in Europe. After the wedding of her sister Maria, who married a prince below her in rank, Olga Nikolaevna's parents wanted to find her a promising spouse. But time passed, and in life Grand Duchess Olga hasn't changed. Those close to him were perplexed: “How, at the age of nineteen, still not married?” And at the same time, there were many applicants for her hand. Back in 1838, while staying with her parents in Berlin, the sixteen-year-old princess attracted the attention of Crown Prince Maximilian of Bavaria. But neither she nor her family liked him. A year later, Archduke Stefan took over her thoughts. He was the son of Palatine Joseph of Hungary (wife of the deceased Grand Duchess Alexandra Pavlovna) from his second marriage. But this union was prevented by Stephen's stepmother, who did not want to have a Russian princess as a relative because of jealousy for the first wife of Archduke Joseph. By 1840, Olga decided that she would not rush into marriage, she said that she was already fine, she was happy to stay at home. Emperor Nicholas I declared that she was free and could choose whoever she wanted. Olga Nikolaevna's aunt, Grand Duchess Elena Pavlovna (wife of Grand Duke Mikhail Pavlovich) began to make efforts to pass her off as her brother, Prince Friedrich of Württemberg. He was denied. But the answer to the counter proposal for marriage with Stefan had to wait a long time. A letter from Vienna stated that the marriage of both Stefan and Olga Nikolaevna, who profess different faiths, seemed unacceptable to Austria. The Archduchess of Russian origin may become dangerous for the state due to the fact that among the Slavic population of the "explosive" regions of Austria, fermentation may arise. Stefan himself said that, knowing about Albrecht's feelings, he considered it right to "step aside." This uncertainty acted depressingly not only on Olga, but also on her parents. She has already begun to be considered a cold nature. Parents began to look for another party for their daughter and settled on Duke Adolf of Nassau. And this almost led to a break with the wife of Mikhail Pavlovich, Grand Duchess Elena Pavlovna. She had long dreamed of marrying her youngest daughter Elizabeth to him. Nicholas I, taking care of maintaining peace in the imperial house, decided that the prince himself was free to make a choice between cousins. But Grand Duchess Elena Pavlovna, who had not forgiven her niece for neglecting her brother, was now worried that Adolf would give preference to the royal daughter at the expense of her Lily. But Adolf, who came to Russia with his brother Maurice, asked for the hand of Elizabeth Mikhailovna. The emperor had nothing against it, but was surprised. At the beginning of 1846, in Palermo, where Olga was accompanied by her mother-empress, who stayed there for some time to improve her health, which had deteriorated sharply after the death of her youngest daughter Alexandra, she met the Crown Prince of Württemberg Karl, and agreed to his marriage proposal. The wedding took place in Peterhof on July 1 (13), 1846, on the birthday of Alexandra Feodorovna and on the day of her wedding with Nikolai Pavlovich. It was believed that this number should bring happiness to the new couple. The bells rang all day long, even houses in St. Petersburg were decorated with illumination. The emperor wished his daughter: "Be Karl the same as your mother has been for me all these years." Family life Olga developed quite well, but they had no children.

Alexandra Nikolaevna (June 24, 1825 - August 10, 1844), the youngest daughter of Nicholas I was famous for her beauty and easy character, she was distinguished by her amazing kindness and musical character. She died of tuberculosis at the age of 19, leaving her husband - Friedrich Wilhelm, Prince of Hesse-Kassel (1820 - 1884) - a widower. She did not give birth to children. Therefore, Frederick remarried the Prussian princess Anna.

HIkolay Nikolaevich Senior (1831-1891) - Russian military and statesman; third son of Emperor Nicholas I and Alexandra Feodorovna; Field Marshal General (April 16, 1878). He was called the Elder from November 24, 1856, according to the Highest Command - to distinguish him from his first-born son, who was born then, named by the same name; He also had a court nickname - Uncle Nizi. Member of the State Council (1855) and honorary member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. In his youth, judging by the diary entries, he was in love with Maria Anna of Prussia, but the marriage did not take place due to close relationship. There is also a version that Maria Alexandrovna Pushkina (Gartung) was in love with Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolaevich, perhaps they had a secret affair, which is why she did not marry for so long. In 1856, in St. Petersburg, he married Alexandra Friederike Wilhelmina, the eldest daughter of the Duke of Oldenburg Konstantin Friedrich Peter (in Orthodoxy, Alexandra Petrovna).
Children:
Nicholas (1856—1929);
Peter (1864—1931).

After 10 years, the marriage de facto broke up; Nikolai Nikolaevich publicly accused his wife of adultery with the rector of their palace church and confessor of the Grand Duchess, Archpriest Vasily Lebedev. Nikolai Nikolaevich expelled Alexandra Petrovna from the Nikolaevsky Palace, taking away jewelry, including his own gifts. Emperor Alexander II took the side of the Grand Duke, however, taking all the expenses for the maintenance of the exiled daughter-in-law at his own expense. She never returned to St. Petersburg and ended her days in the Kiev Intercession Monastery founded by her. Canonized in the face of the venerable UOC.